SF158 Cane Fruit
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Project title: Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Cane Fruit Pests and Diseases Project number: SF 158 Project leader: Erika F. Wedgwood, RSK ADAS Ltd. Report: Final report, September 2020 Previous report: Annual reports 2016, 2017, 2018 & 2019 Key staff: Erika Wedgwood (RSK ADAS Ltd.) Ruth D’urban-Jackson (RSK ADAS Ltd.) Tim Pettitt (formerly University of Worcester) Janet Allen (RSK ADAS Ltd.) Jude Bennison (RSK ADAS Ltd.) Elysia Bartel (RSK ADAS Ltd.) Chantelle Jay (NIAB-EMR) Charles Whitfield (NIAB-EMR) Sam Brown (RSK ADAS Ltd.) Kerry Boardman (RSK ADAS Ltd.) Chris Dyer (RSK ADAS Ltd.) Location of project: RSK ADAS Ltd. ADAS Boxworth, Cambridge, CB23 4NN. NIAB-EMR East Malling, Kent, ME19 6BJ. Commercial plantations across the UK. Industry Representative: Richard Harnden, Berry Gardens Salih Hodzhov, W.B. Chambers and Son Louise Sutherland, Freiston Associates Ltd. Date project commenced: 1 March 2015 Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board 2020. All rights reserved DISCLAIMER While the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board seeks to ensure that the information contained within this document is accurate at the time of printing, no warranty is given in respect thereof and, to the maximum extent permitted by law the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board accepts no liability for loss, damage or injury howsoever caused (including that caused by negligence) or suffered directly or indirectly in relation to information and opinions contained in or omitted from this document. © Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board 2020. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including by photocopy or storage in any medium by electronic mean) or any copy or adaptation stored, published or distributed (by physical, electronic or other means) without prior permission in writing of the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board, other than by reproduction in an unmodified form for the sole purpose of use as an information resource when the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board or AHDB Horticulture is clearly acknowledged as the source, or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. All other trademarks, logos and brand names contained in this publication are the trademarks of their respective holders. No rights are granted without the prior written permission of the relevant owners. The results and conclusions in this report are based on investigations mainly conducted over one-year periods. The conditions under which the experiments were carried out and the results have been reported in detail and with accuracy. However, because of the biological nature of the work it must be borne in mind that different circumstances and conditions could produce different results. Therefore, care must be taken with interpretation of the results, especially if they are used as the basis for commercial product recommendations. Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board 2020. All rights reserved AUTHENTICATION We declare that this work was done under our supervision according to the procedures described herein and that the report represents a true and accurate record of the results obtained. Dr Erika F. Wedgwood Plant Pathologist, SF 158 Project Leader RSK ADAS Horticulture, RSK ADAS Ltd Signature Date: 10 September 2020 Report authorised by: Dr Barry Mulholland Director RSK ADAS Horticulture, RSK ADAS Ltd. Signature Date: 10 September 2020 Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board 2020. All rights reserved CONTENTS GROWER SUMMARY ............................................................................................ 1 Seeking alternative solutions to controlling Phytophthora root rot .......................... 1 Headline ........................................................................................................................ 1 Background and expected deliverables .........................................................................1 Summary of work and main conclusions ........................................................................1 Financial benefits ..........................................................................................................4 Action points for growers ...............................................................................................5 Sampling raspberry and blackberry plants and soil from crops affected by Verticillium wilt in order to test a newly developed molecular assay ....................... 5 Headline ........................................................................................................................ 5 Background and expected deliverables .........................................................................5 Summary of work and main conclusions ........................................................................6 Action points for growers ...............................................................................................7 A review of the current threat posed to the UK raspberry industry by cane blight (Leptosphaeria coniothyrium) and identifying new control options .......................... 8 Headline ........................................................................................................................ 8 Background and review findings ....................................................................................8 A review of biennial cropping and annual cropping of long-canes as a means of pest and disease control with a financial comparison of different production systems ... 9 Headline ........................................................................................................................ 9 Background and review findings ....................................................................................9 Developing and maintaining Integrated Pest Management (IPM) to successfully control two-spotted spider mite whilst controlling spotted wing drosophila (SWD) and other pests with conventional sprays ............................................................. 10 Headlines ....................................................................................................................10 Background and expected deliverables .......................................................................10 Financial benefits ........................................................................................................15 Action points for growers .............................................................................................16 Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board 2020. All rights reserved SCIENCE SECTION ............................................................................................. 19 General Introduction ............................................................................................. 19 Objective 1: Understanding and managing Phytophthora root rot. ....................... 21 Aim 1 : To explore the effect of cold-storage of long cane raspberries on P. rubi infection and the potential for protection using biopesticides against infestation in Autumn. ................................................................................................................ 21 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 21 Materials and methods ......................................................................................... 22 Results .................................................................................................................. 27 Discussion ............................................................................................................ 51 Conclusions .......................................................................................................... 56 References ........................................................................................................... 58 Knowledge and Technology Transfer ................................................................... 58 Objective 1: Understanding and managing Phytophthora root rot (continued)...... 59 Aim 2: To investigate the species of Phytophthora present in dying raspberry plants .............................................................................................................................. 59 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 59 Materials and methods ......................................................................................... 60 Results .................................................................................................................. 64 Discussion ............................................................................................................ 84 Conclusions ........................................................................................................ 105 Knowledge and Technology Transfer ................................................................. 107 References ......................................................................................................... 108 Appendices 1.1 – 1.3. ................................................................................................112 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 118 Materials and methods for summer experiment .................................................