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LOCOMOTIVE HAULAGE II UHDERGROUID METAL MIIES By Locomotive haulage in underground metal mines Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Prasanna Kumar, Nonavinakere Seshadriengar, 1936- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 30/09/2021 21:20:45 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/551644 LOCOMOTIVE HAULAGE II UHDERGROUID METAL MIIES by Monavinakere Seshadriengar Pr as anna, Kumar 'A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF MINING ENGINEERING In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1963 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfill­ ment of requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in The University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledg­ ment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major depart­ ment or the Dean of the Graduate College when in their judg­ ment the oroposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other Instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: APPROVAL BY THESIS DIRECTOR This thesis has been approved on the date shown below: J. C. DOTSON ' Date Associate Professor of Mining Engineering ABSTRACT The guiding principles pertinent to the design of a main-line locomotive haulage- system in underground metal mines are discussed in detail. Factors governing a high­ speed and high-capacity materials handling system are examined with special emphasis on the economics of the operation. Equipment necessary for traek-haulage is briefly 'described-, and considerations for selecting appropriate hauling equipment are investigated. Comments are made on the influence of mining conditions and road gradients oh locomotive performance, A technique for estimating costs of owning and operating rolling stock equipment is developed. Haulage costs of various equipment combinations for different cycle times and under different haul road grades are illustrated by means of characteristic curves. iii AGK10WLBMEHEHTS The author wishes to express his appreciation to Mr, J, G, Dotson and Mr, E» R, Drevdahl, Associate Pro­ fessors of Mining Engineering, and. to MT. H, E, Krumlauf, Professor of Mining Engineering,for their assistance and constructive criticism during the preparation of this manuscript. The author is also grateful to the various locomotive manufacturing companies in the United States for the Information which they provided for the preparation of this thesis. Finally, the author acknowledges with pro­ found gratitude the constant inspiration and moral support offered by his dear father Mr, H, R, Seshadriengar, Bangalore, India, without which this study would, not have been possible. TABLE OP COETEMTS Page CHAPTER LIST OF TABLES ... * ......... o . , .viii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIOmS * * o . „ , . o . ,.o ix I IETRODHCTIOE * » . * « * o „ o *. « . * * o o , * 1 II HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT AND PRESENT TRENDS . 6 III FACTORS AFFECTING THE DESIGN OF MAIN HAULAGE SISTEMS oooOs'O o Oo OOooO OO oOOO11 Basle Design Features" * * * . „ „ * , , , 11 Haulage Roa(3> © © © © ■© © © © . © © © © © © © © 1^* S 3 tZ e -©© © ©© '© Oo©© op © - 0 ©©©©a14 Lengtk © © ©©-,©© © © © © © © © © © © © © 15 BU]3]DOrtS © ° o © e o© o©o o ©o o o oo15 ■ Ro© adb © © © ©© ©©©© © © © .© ©-© 15do @ Dr axnage. © © © © © © © © ©, © © © © © © © © 16 Gr ade s © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © l1/^ Curves ©©ooooo ©©©©©©o © ©©©IS Lay-out Near Shaft Station and Loading Poxnts 00-00 OOO O O O O O O ©OOOOO 25 Double or Single. Track o' © © © © © © © © © © 24 Lighting and Haulage Control © © © © © © © © 26 IV TRACK-HAULAGE EQUIPMENT © © © © © © © © ©' © © © 29 Track Structure © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 29 Bal1 aS t 00000000000000000 5 0 ©© oRd-Xls 00 © 0 ©© 0 0 o e ©5 5 ■ © © o© Weldea Raxls © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 6 Txes © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 5 V T Page CHAPTER . y ijS OOOOO OO-O OOOOOOO OO ^!-0 Track Gauge „ , 0 „ . » . .. « . 41 Track Bonding » « i ».««.- = » . o » 4-2 Rolling Stock oooo o oooooooeooo 4'5 LO COQIOt 1"VSB 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 4"5 Trolley Locomotives » » « » = « « « , » 43 Storage Battery Locomotives , « « = - » 46 Diesel Locomotives » . « « . « . 49 Comparison of Trolley, Battery, and Diesel Locomotive Haulages . 51 Flexibility of Operation . 51 Operational Characteristics , . 51 Safety In Operation . 52 Cost of Operation' . 53 Common Requirements for Locomotives . 53 i.'EeLne Cars: . o . o . o . o- . 54 Accessory Equipment -. « . = = . 56 V SELECT10H OF ROLLIHG STOCK .. .. 58 General Considerations . 58 Mine Car Selection. 60 Locomotive Selection . = . = . 62 Type of Locomotive , 62 Size of Locomotive . '. , . 63 Theory of Mechanical Haulage■ . 64 Journal Resistance . 67 Track Resistance . „ „ . „ . 67 Air Resistance . 69 Curve Resistance . 69 Grade Resistance . 70 Acceleration and Retardation . 73 . Starting Resistance or Resistance of Ine r o 3L a o © . © © © o © o © © © © © 77 vi Page CHAPTER Horse-Power- Requirements ’ . 7T Humber of Locomotives » , * . , . 80 VI ECQHOHIGS GF LOCOMOTIVE HAULAGE ...... 81 Limitations and ..Assumptions ....... 81 Cost Considerations ........... » 86 Equipment Cost Information ....... 92 Cost Estimation of Rolling Stock . 93 20-ton Locomotive .......... - 93 15-tom Capacity Mine Car ..... 1 . 96 Haulage Cos cs. ... 99 Example Calculation for Hauling Cost . 100 VII COHCLUSIOHS AHB SUGGESTIOHS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH . '. 114 BIBLIOGRAPHT . 118 vii LIST OF TABLES • Page TABLE I MINIMJH EADIUS' OFCORYATBRE . 21 II SUPERELEVATION OFOUTER RAILS 1 . 22 III GLASSIFICATION OF TRACK-HAULAOE EQUIPMENT . , 29 IV . LQGOMOTIVE-RAIL .WEIGHTS ............ 36 V GQEFFICIENTS OF ADHESION . ... ....... 66 VI TRACK EQUIPMENT AND INSTALLATION COSTS . 1. 1 83 VII POWER TRANSMISSION EQUIPMENT COSTS , . 8 4 VIII . MISCELLANEOUS MAIN-HAULAG-E EQUIPMENT COSTS . 85 IX UNIT COST OF HAULING- EQUIPMENT . .. .. ... 98 X PRODUCTION PER TRIP FOR DIFFERENT EQUIPMENT COMBINATIONS 102 vlll LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Page :ctURe i S 15 pSX3 6 1© V S>ij loix O O = 0 © O » Q o 6 O O e « o , 23 2 Main Haulage at San Manuel ==,=.,. = o = 25 5- Typical Section Across Single-Track Roadway With Drainage Ditch = = = . = V « « , « = » » . 33 4„ Turnout ==,=.=.== = «, , =«= « = 41 '5- Time-Capacity Curve of Lead-Acid Battery . o , 48 6o Plot of Haulage Capacity Versus Grade = = o « , 72 7 c Haulage Cost - 15-ton Locomotive = . = = = » , 103 0 0 Haulage Cost - 20-ton Locomotive = . » • , 104 9c Haulage Cost - 30-ton Locomotive = . = ., = » = 105 10, Haulage Cost - 40-ton Locomotive = « = . c » = 106 11= Haulage Cost - 50-ton Locomotive = = = = o o = 107 1% CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Transportation of raw mineral material from the working face to the shaft bottom constitutes one of the most vital functions in the operation of underground mines. The transportation system must move not only ore and waste rock away from the face as rapidly as they are produced but must also move supplies and materials toward the face so that delays are at a minimum. Direct mining cost depends, to a large extent, on the cost of underground transporta­ tion of ore. For production to be profitable, it is essen­ tial that a maximum quantity of material be moved at a min­ imum cost. Amine that is well equipped, properly manned, and effectively managed at the face may prove a failure if its'haulage system Is not efficiently and suitably designed to cope with the mechanization adopted at the working face. This study is confined to one of the forms of ore transportation in underground metal mines, namely, locomo­ tive haulage. The subject is limited, moreover, to main­ line haulage. Ho attempt has been made to compare track haulage with any other modes of main haulage such as con-, veyors and trackless haulage, The analysis is made assuming 1 that, under certain conditions„ locomotive main haulage is an effective means of underground ore transportation pro^ Tided the system is properly designed with respect to haul­ age lay-out and to equipment selection, ill investigations and conclusions are made on the "basis of this assumption. Transportation of ore in am underground mine is es­ sentially a major bulk materials-handling operation. Ma­ terials handling is defined as the art and science of moving 1 packaging, and storing substances in any form. It is said that the field of materials handling offers one of the most lucrative areas for reducing production costs in any indus­ try. Moving a piece of raw material, a component, or a finished product from one place to another costs money. Every ton of material handled adds only to the overall cost of operation but does not upgrade in any way the intrinsic value of the product Itself. Hence, the handling cost will be a minimum when a maximum quantity of material is moved in a specific time and. when production approaches theoreti­ cal capacity of the operation. The basic function of a haulage system is to main­ tain a continuous flow of the required quantity of material Gordon
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