192 THE VIRGINIA TEACHER [Vol. 10, No.

"First," she explained, "it forces students CLASSICAL BIBLIOGRA- to think closely about the meaning of words. PHIES In ordinary life people do not think about I. Bibliography for the Study of the words. They do not even read letters with Classics close attention to words. Many persons live mentally in a sort of fog most of the TEACHERS of Classics today are holding more steadfastly than ever time. Greek forces one to express one's to the literary accomplishments of self accurately. our Latin and Greek predecessors. Years "Second, there is the joy of intellectual of teaching experience have proved to adventure. Few of us are privileged to go them that the development of an exquisite on great adventures in the flesh, such as fly- power and faculty of reasoning lies in ing by airplane to the South Pole. But in the study of the classics, and that no bet- our minds we may. Greek gives us a sense ter medium for a thorough and liberal of the great adventure, for instance, of education could be desired. The follow- archaeology. It is queer that so many think ing list is not exhaustive but is suggestive. of archaeology as a dry and dusty science. Greek Culture and The Greek Testament Most of us as children have felt a thrill at by Hayes is especially recommended for the motion of digging for buried gold. Why one who wishes to start a small collection should we not be thrilled at the thought of on the subject. One should also obtain a buried past? the latest book entitled The Classics: Their "Third, a study of the remote past gives History and Present Status in Education, us a defense against advocating quack po- being a symposium of essays edited by litical nostrums. We can see how in the Kirsch. Reviews of these two books are in this issue. The Legacy of Greece edited past these have been tried and did not avail. by Livingstone, and The Legacy of Rome "Fourth, the study of Greek and things edited by Bailey, are collections of essays by like Greek leads us into foreign lands. the foremost English classical scholars. Our Travel is valuable when we do it with our Debt to Greece and Rome Series is written bodies. But even if we cannot do that, it by able scholars of all nations. is always possible for us, since we can do Bailey, Cyril, The Legacy of Rome. Oxford it through books. University Press. 1923. Pp. 512. Beman, Lamar T., Study of Latin and Greek. "The fifth advantage of studying things H. W. Wilson Co., New York. 1921. Pp. 237. Bennett and Bristol, The Teaching of Latin like Greek is that it gives us contact with and Greek. Longmans, Green, and Co. New beauty, which we need greatly in our mod- York. 1911. Pp. 336. Browne, Henry, Our Renaissance. Longmans, ern American life. Contact with beauty Green and Co. New York. 1918. Pp. 281. gives food for the spirit, and so supplies Burns, C. D., Greek Ideals. Harcourt. London. 1917. vitality, force and imagination—elements Butcher, S. H., Harvard Lectures on Greek exceedingly important for success in life. Subjects. New York. 1904. Butcher, S. H., Some Aspects of the Greek The remote, the difficult, the supposedly Genius. Macmillan. London. Carter, Jane Gray, Little Studies in Greek. unpractical, give food for the spirit. Silver, Burdett and Co. New York. 1927. Pp. "I believe that these unpractical things 206. Chapman, J. J., Greek Genius and Other Es- are really practical in a higher sense. They says. New York. 1915. make us wiser, broader-minded, clearer- Collins, J. C, Greek Influence on English Poetry. London. 1910. sighted. They fill us with the spirit of en- Conway, R. S., New Studies of a Great In- heritance. John Murray. London. 1921. Pp. thusiasm." 241. June, 1929] THE VIRGINIA TEACHER 193 ■ Cook, Sir Edward, More Literary Recreations. Livingstone, R. W., 7 he Pageant of Greece. Macmillan. London. 1919. Pp. 395. Oxford University Press. 1923. Pp. 436. Cooper, L., The Greek Genius and Its Influence. Livingstone, R. W., The Legacy of Greece. Yale University Press. Oxford University Press. 1923. Pp. 424. Cornford, F. M., Greek Religious Thought. J. Loeb Classical Library. Greek and Latin Texts M. Dent & Sons. London. with parallel English translation. Editors: E. Croiset, Maurice, Hellenic Civilisation. Knopf. Capps, T. E. Page, and W. H. D. Rouse. 206 New York. 1925. Pp. 318. vols. published to date. G. P. Putnam's Sons. Denniston, J. D., Greek Literary Criticism. J. New York, M. Dent & Sons. London. Low, W. H., The Debt of Modern Art to An- Dickinson, G. Lowes, The Greek View of Life. cient Greece.. Scribner's Magazine, May, 1920. Doubleday, Page & Co. New York. 1915. Pp. Mahaffy, J. P., Greek Life and Thought. Mac- 250. . TT , millan. New York. 1887. Pp. 600. Ferguson, W. S., Greek Imperialism. Hough- Mahaffy, J. P., What Have the Greeks Done for ton Mifflin Co. Boston. 1913. Pp. 258. Modern Civilisation? Putnam. New York. 1910. Ferguson, W. S., Hellenistic Athens. Macmil- Marvin, Francis Sydney, The Living Past. Ox- lan. London. ford University Press. 1917. Frank, Tenney, Roman Imperialism. Macmil- Moore, C. H., The Religious Thought of the lan. New York. 1914. Pp. 365. Greeks. Harvard University Press. 1916. Pp. Freeman, Kenneth J., Schools of Hellas. Mac- 385. millan. London. Oakley, Hilda, Greek Ethical Thought. Dut- Fuller, B. A. G., History of Greek Philosophy. ton. New York. Jonathan Cape. London. 1923. Pp. 290. Our Debt to Greece and Rome, edited by G. D. Game, Josiah B., Teaching High-School Latin. Hadzsits and D. M. Robinson. Write for list of The University of Chicago Press. 1916. Pp. 123. volumes. Longmans, Green & Co. New York. Game, Josiah B., General Literature. Mentzer, Pater, Walter, Greek Studies. Macmillan. New Bush & Co. Chicago. 1925. Pp. 164. York. Pp. 304. Gildersleeve, B. L., Hellas and Hespena. Henry Peet, T. E., The Stone and Bronze Ages m Holt and Co. New York. 1919. Italy and Sicily. Oxford University Press. 1909. Glotz, Gustave, The Aegean Civilisation. Al- Pp. 528. fred A. Knopf, New York. Plainer, S. B., Topography and Monuments of Gordon, G. S., English Literature and the Clas- Ancient Rome. Allyn and Bacon. New York. sics. Oxford University Press. 1912. Pp. 252. 1911. Pp. 552. Greene, William Chase, The Achievement of Poland, F., Reisinger, E., Wagner, R., 1 he Greece. Harvard University Press. 1923. Pp. Culture of Ancient Greece and Rome. Little, 334. Brown and Co. Boston. 1926. Pp. 335. Gulick, C. B., Modern Traits in Old Greek Rose, H. J., Primitive Culture in Greece. Life. Longmans, Green and Co. New York. Methuen & Co. London. 1925. 1927. Rose, H. J., Primitive Culture in Italy. George Hammerton, A., Wonders of the Past. The H. Doran Co. New York. 1926. Pp. 253. Romance of Antiquity and its Splendours. 4 Sabin, F. E., Relation of Latin to Practical vols. Putnam. New York. Vol. I. 1923. Vol. II, III, IV. 1924. With 1500 illustrations and Life. Baker and Taylor Co. New York. 100 color plates. Each $5.00. _ . Sabin, F. E., Classical Associations of Places Hardie, R., Lectures oh Clo^ssicol Subjects. in Italy. Baker and Taylor. New York. 1921. Macmillan. London. Shorey, Paul, The Assault on Humanism. Bos- Hayes, Doremus Almy, Greek Culture and 1 he ton. Little. 1917. Greek Testament. The Abingdon Press. New Tarn, W. W., Hellenistic Civilization. Edward Arnold' & Co. London. 1927. York. 1925. Pp. 224. , T T . Hoffman, H. A., Everyday Greek. University Toynbee, Arnold J., Greek Civilization and of Chicago Press. 1919. Pp. 107. Character. J. M. Dent & Sons. London. 1924. James, H. R., Our Hellenic Heritage. Mac- Pp. 236. millan. New York. 1927. Pp. 848, Toynbee, Arnold J., Greek Historical Thought. Johnson, H. W., Private Life of the Romans. J. M. Dent & Sons. London. 1924. Pp. 256. Scott, Foresman & Co. New York. 1903. Pp. Tucker, T. G., Life in Ancient Athens. Mac- 344. millan. New York. 1906. Pp. 323. Kelsey, F. W., Latin and Greek in American Tucker, T. G., Life in the Roman World of Education. University of Michigan Press. 1927. Nero and St. Paul. Macmillan. New York, 1910. Pp. 453. 1 Kirsch, Felix M., The Classics. The Bruce Van Hook, La Rue, Greek Life and Thought. Publishing Co. Milwaukee. 1928. Pp. 279. Columbia University Press. 1924. Pp. 329. Laistner, M. L. W., Greek Economics. J. M. West, Andrew F., Value of the Classics. Dent & Sons. London , , cj Princeton University Press. 1917. Pp. 396. Livingstone, R. W., Defence of Classical Edu- Zielinski, T., Our Debt to Antiquity. London. cation. Macmillan. New York. 1916; Pp. 278. 1909. Livingstone, R. W., The Greek Genius and Its Meaning to Us. Oxford University Press. 1915. Zimmern, A. E., The Greek Commonwealth. Pp. 250. Oxford University Press. 1922. Pp. 472. 194 THE VIRGINIA TEACHER [Vol. 10, No. 6

II. Interesting Classical Fiction Faries, Randolph, Ancient Rome in the Eng- Church, A. J., The Fall of Athens. Seeley, lish Novel, a Study in Historical Fiction. (A Service & Co. London. 1894. thesis published by the University of Pennsyl- Church, A. J., Young Macedonian in the Army vania, 1923). of Alexander the Great. G. P. Putnam's Sons. Gissing, George, Veranilda. E. P. Button & New York. 1890. Co. New York. 1904. Invasion of Rome by the Cowles, J. D., Our Little Athenian Cousin of Goths. Long Ago. Page Co. Boston, 1913. The age Henty, G. A., Beric the Briton. Chas. Scribner's of Pericles. Sons. New York. 1893. Roman dominion over Cowles, J. D., Our Little Macedonian Cousin Britain; Boadicea; The burning of Rome. of Long Ago. Page Co. Boston. 1915. Philip Henty, G. A., For the Temple; a tale of the of Macedon and Alexander the Great. fall of Jerusalem. Chas. Scribner's Sons. New Crew, Helen Coale, The Trojan Boy. Century York. Co., New York. $1.75. Henty, G. A., The Young Carthaginian. Chas. Davis, W. S., (A) Victor of Sal amis, a tale of Scribner's Sons. New York. 1886. Hannibal. the days of Xerxes, Leonidas and Themistocles. Hubbard, Wilfranc, Orvieto Dust, a tale of an- Macmillan Co. New York. 1907. cient Rome. Minton, Balch & Co. New York. Erskine, John, The Private Life of Helen of $2 50. Troy. The Bobbs-Merrill Co. Indianapolis. James, G. P. R., Attila; or The Huns. E. P. $2.50. Button & Co. New York. Barbarian Invasion Lamprey, Louise, Children of Ancient Greece. and Dark Ages. Little, Brown and Co. Boston. 1924. $1.00. Lamprey, Louise, The Childhood of Rome. For boys and girls from ten to fourteen. Little, Brown & Co. Boston. 1922. Short Sto- Perkins, L. F., {The) Spartan Twins. Hough- ries of the legendary history of Rome. ton Mifflin Co. Boston. 1918. Social life in Masefield, John, The Tragedy of Pompey the Sparta and Athens in the age of Pericles. Great. Macmillan. New York. $2.00. A dra- Robinson, C. E., {The) Days of Alkibiades. matic poem not too mature for abler pupils in the Longmans, Green & Co. New York. 1916. So- Cicero class. cial life in Athens. Mitchison, Naomi, The Conquered. Harcourt, Snedeker, C. D., Theras and His Town. Brace & Co. New York. 1923. $2.00. Caesar's Doubleday, Page & Co. Garden City, N. Y. 1924. campaigns in Gaul, notably the one against the Social life in Athens and Sparta. Herodotus, Veneti. Platanistos. Battle of Salamis. Santvoord, Seymour van, Octavia. E. P. But- White, E. L., Helen; the story of the romance ton & Co. New York. 1923. $2.50. The Julian of Helen of Troy, born Helen of Sparta, and Emperors. of Aithre, mother of King Theseus of Attica, Schmidt, Ferdinand, Herman and Thusnelda; who became Helen's bondslave, handmaid and tr. by G. P. Upton. (Life Stories for Young foster-mother. Doran. New York. 1925. $2.50. People.) A. C. McClurg & Co. Chicago. 1907. Allison, Anne C. E., Children of the Way. Arminius and the Roman general Varus. Harcourt, Brace and Co. New York. 1923. Sherer, J. A. B., The Tree of Light. T. Y. $1,75. A series of short stories about the early Crowell Co. New York. 1921. Early Christian- Christians in Rome. The scenes from Roman ity in Britain. The Druids; Nero; Apostle Paul. life make the book valuable to teachers of Latin. Sienkiewicz, Henry K., Quo Vadis: a tale of Allison, Anne C. E., Roads from Rome. Mac- the time of Nero. T. Y. Crowell Co. 1921. millan Co. New York. 1913. $1.50. Julius Stoddard, William, The Swordmake/s Son. Qesar to Hadrian. Century Co. New York. 1903. Early Christian- Bulwer-Lytton, E. G., The Last Days of Pom- ity. peii. E. P. Button & Co. New York. Roman Wallace, Lew, Ben-Hur, or The Days of the social life in the reign of Titus. Early Chris- Messiah. Harper and Bros. New York. 1908. tianity. Early Christianity. Charles, E. R., Conquering and to Conquer. Wells, R. F., With CcesaPs Legions. Lothrop, Dodd, Mead & Co. New York. Sack of Rome. Lee and Shepard Co. Boston. 1923. $1.50. The Church, A. J., The Burning of Rome. Mac- adventures of two Roman youths in the conquest millan Co. New York. 1892. Nero. of Gaul. Church, A. J., Lucius; the Adventures of a White, E. L., Andivius Hedulio. E. P. Button Roman Boy. Dodd, Mead and Co. New York. & Co. New York. 1921. $2.50. Adventures of 1924. $2.00. Formerly published under the title a Roman nobleman in the reign of Commodus. "Two Thousand Years Ago." Spartacus and White, E. L., The Unwilling Vestal. E. P. Mithradates. Button & Co. New York. 1918. $2.50, A tale Cowles, J. D., Our Little Roman Cousin of of Rome under the Caesars. Long Ago. Page Co. Boston. 1913. Social Whitehead, A. C., The Standard Bearer; a life, with much stress on school life, in the clos- story of army life in the time of Caesar. Amer- ing days of the Roman republic. Pompey. ican Book Co. New York. 1914. Through the Davis, W. S., A Friend of Ccesar. Macmillan. fall of Alesia. New York. 1900. Fall of the Roman republic. Winlow, C. V., Our Little Carthaginian Cousin Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan. The Last Galley; of Long Ago. Page Co. Boston. 1915. Social impressions and tales. Doubleday, Page & Co. life and customs at the time of Hannibal; Sec- Garden Gty, N. Y. 1911. ond Punic War. June, 1929] THE VIRGINIA TEACHER 195

III. Select List of Bulletins for the Study clusively in the pronunciation of Latin of Greek scientific words in English, for Latin and The American Classical League Greek proper names in English context, Mr. Rollin H. Tanner, Secy-Treas. for legal Latin phrases, and for familiar New York University University Heights, New York City. phrases and quotations in English context. Lodge—A Reasonable Plea for the Classics. . .05 The English pronunciation applies to the Tigert—Shall we Continue Latin and Greek in Our Schools .05 plural forms as well as the singular of Kenyon—The Classics in Modern Life OS Latin nouns: so we say an alumnus, but the Croiset—The Study of Latin and Greek and the Democracy .05 alumni; an alumna, but the alumnce. Thus: Scott—Greek for Latin Teachers 05 i, when the final sound of a word, always Donnelly—Greek in English OS Crum—Pronunciation of Greek and Latin has its long sound (as in ice), as a-lum-ni; Proper Names .15 ce is always a diphthong unless separated Service Bureau for Classical Teachers Miss Frances Sabin, Director by diaeresis. It is pronounced as e would Teachers College be in the same position; as, alumnae {a-lum- New York City. Lodge—The Value of the Classics in Training ne). for Citizenship .10 Thus it will be seen that the final syllables Smith—The Greek that the Doctors Speak... .10 McVay—One Year of Greek: Is it Worth of alumni and alumnce when used in English While? .10 context have exactly the opposite pronuncia- Lodge—Classical Origin of Scientific Terms.. .20 The two following articles should also be read: tion to that of the Roman. J. R. Wilkie, "The Intrinsic Adolescent Appeal Examples in English like alumnce are in the Study of Greek." Classical Journal, Nov- ember, 1926. _ Aeolian (e-o-li-an), Ccesar (se-zar), agis Dorothy Roehm, "In Search of Recruits." Clas- (e-jis), formulce (e), and antenna (e). sical Journal, Feb. 1929. John A. Sawhill Examples like alumni are foci (fo-si), loci (lo-si), fungi (fun-ji). It is also a rule in the English pronuncia- ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION tion of Latin words that c and g are soft OF LATIN before e, i, y, ce, ce; elsewhere c and g are TWO methods of pronouncing Latin hard. are now in extended general Eng- Another method of pronouncing Latin is lish use: one, the so-called English the so-called Continental method, developed method, follows in general the analogies of from the modern languages during the Mid- English pronunciation according to certain dle Ages and widely used by the Roman formal rules; the other, the so-called Ro- Catholic Church. By this method the vow- man method, attempts to follow more or els have their general Continental values less closely, as far as it is known, the pro- (practically as by the Roman method) but nunciation of the Romans themselves at the the consonants are pronounced as in the height of their civilization (about B. C. 50 language of the speaker. Thus Cicero, as to A. D. 50). a Latin name, would be pronounced in Ger- The English method was until recently man as tse-tse-ro, in Spanish the-tha-ro used in teaching Latin in both England and or se-sa-ro, in Italian che-cha-ro, in French America, but has been almost entirely re- se-sa-ro, in English se-se-ro. placed for that purpose by the Roman method in American schools and colleges Moliere's Les Femnies Savantes, in an within recent years, and now to some ex- English version, was the commencement tent in England also. The English pronun- play at the Harrisonburg State Teachers ciation is still used, however, almost ex- College in June.