VOL. VII, NO. 8 SEPTEMBER, 4' See "The Women's Struggle"' page 4 CONTENTS VOL. VIII, No. 8 SEPTEMBER 1974 1. Feature: Fighting the Other Colonialism: 4 The Women's Struggle in Guinea-Bissau by Stephanie Urdang 2. South Africa 9 Progressives Gain at United Party Expense Black Doctors Refuse Pay Subsidy Conference on Development of The North Chief Buthelezi: Plan for a Federal South Africa British Boycott of SA TV Planned Pressure for a Black Bishop for Johannesburg Sports International Relations SA Intensifies Oil Search US Trade with South Africa Escalates Defense Strategies: An Overview 3. Struggle in Portugal and Africa 15 ANGOLA Angolan Liberation Unity-History and Future Inside Angola Reprint: Whites Slay Africans Military Reports MOZAMBIQUE Political Developments- FRELIMO, the Portuguese and the Mozambique Right-wing New Province Opened by FRELIMO More on Massacres Mozambique and South Africa PORTUGAL Portugal Seeks Solutions Speech by Spinola pledging future Independence for Colonies Politics are Main Subject Deserters and Draft Dodgers The Forgotten Colonies Waldheim Concludes Visit to Portugal REPUBLIC OF GUINEA-BISSAU Inside Guinea-Bissau Portugal, The U.N. and Guinea-Bissau Inside The Cape Verde Islands US Plans 4. Zimbabwe 24 FRELIMO Promises Help Guerilla Struggle Continues Settlement Discussions Sanctions News Rhodesian Elections OAU Cites Japan Whites Look Southwards 5. Namibia 26 Detained SWAPO Leaders Convention Seeks Recognition Ovambo Exodus Continues British Policy to Change? Warning on Settlers in Namibia Wall Street Warning to American Investors 6. Neighbors 2 Major Reshuffle in Lesotho Council of Ministers Shell Exploration in Swaziland Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland Seek Greater Monetary Freedom Zambia Pays High Price for Sanctions Compliance 7. U.S. and Southern Africa 2 House Sanctions Vote Nears Congressional Staff Visit S.A. US Import of Namibian Seals may Gut Mammal Protection Act Commerce Department Visit Protested 8. Action News and Notes 3 Dockers Send Back Rhodesian Cargo NY Times Loses South African Discrimination Case Gulf Boycott Coalition on Bombings Sing Along with White Supremacy SA Police USA Visit Protested National Actions Church Supported for African Change 9. Book Reviews 3, Africa Research Group, Race To Power Gwendolen M. Carter, Southern Africa: Prospects for Change Kenneth W. Grundy, Confrontation and Accomodation in Southern Africa 10. Resources 3, Front Cover: Members of the Young Pioneers Welcome the first Ambassadors to Guinea-Bissau in the South Front (photo: Stephanie Urdang) OUR COLLECTIVE lose alca tshodiso monnapula SOUTHERN AFRICA is published monthly, except for a double issue eric arnould gal morlan July-August, by the New York Southern Africa Committee. Our two chdie ri"d don morton addresses are: Southern Africa Committee, 244 West 27th Street, Fifth jennifer davis ntonio navas Floor, New York. N.Y. 10001 and P.O. Box 3851, Durham, North Carolina 27702, 49191 682-7342 (publishers of AFRICA NEWS). For carolyn fleuhr-lobban patricia nute subscriptions and further information about the magazine, write to mari orth-plavicini lynn goodwin Now York. paggy halsey dipanker ray janet hooper penelope roach All subscriptions run from January to December. 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If unable to send $5.00, please write to mary mc nly john stroman us for other arrangements. bIll minter stephanie urdang ruth minter mary lee wiley bill johnston FIGHTING THE OTHEP COLONIALISM: THE WOMEN'T 9TPUGGLE IN GUINEA-BI99AU by Stephanie Urdang In April and May of this year, I spent four weeks inside against men," said Carmen Pereira to me on my second liberated areas of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau, and day inside the country. She is the top woman in the Party, some four more weeks with PAIGC in Dakar, Conakry being on the PAIGC Executive Council of the Fight, and (the Party headquarters) and Boke, near the border, the the Vice-President of the National Assembly of the new party administrative center. State. She is responsible for the social reconstruction The purpose of my visit was to look at the part that program of the whole South front. I had slept the night at women are taking in the revolution, and the fight for her base, Donka, and spent a few hours with her in the women's liberation within the broader struggle. For three morning. weeks I accompanied Teodora Gomes, Political Two colonial isms? This is not a new concept, but I was Commissar of one of the regions* of the South front. For interested to find it expressed here, and to find it another week, after a break in Conakry, I was in Boe reiterated by many women, and men, throughout my trip. Oriental, a sector of the East front. During this time I It forms the basis for the theory and the practice of the visited schools, hospitals, medical posts, peoples' stores, PAIGC regarding women. I am struck by it because, as we villages, and interviewed many women all the way women in Europe and North America try to grapple with along-peasant women from the villages, members of the development of a coherent theory, the very concepts village councils, teachers, directors of schools, nurses, we are using are found in a revolutionry situation such as regional responsables.** I stayed in political aid military Guinea-B issau. bases, at schools, at hospitals and once in a village. Except The need for a women's struggle was one recognized for the bombing raids, I sometimes felt I was on a holiday. from the start of the revolution. A Party directive states: Plentiful food, comfortable beds, lots of sleep. Even the many, many hours of walking in the forests and more "Defend women's rights, respect women and make quickly across the open plains and rice fields, I at times them respected; but convince the women of our *found very invigoratiig. The scenery could be, country. that their liberation should be their. own spectacvlarly beavtiful when the forest would open.ovt. achipvem.ent,: by their. wrk, -attachment to. the Party, onto the plains at dusk or sunset. I left Guinea-Bissau in self-respect, personality and steadfastness before every love with the country and its people, inspired by the thing that could be against their dignity." success of the ongoing struggle, and the growing militancy of the women in regard to their own liberation. Although men are seen as colonialists, they can not be I went with the view that an important measure of the seen as the enemy in quite the same way that the success of any process of social change is how the Portuguese colonialists are. In fighting the first colonial exploitation of women is acknowledged and how the ism, the enemy is easily identifiable. Although, always struggle for the liberation of women is related to the insisting that it is not the Portuguese people who are the struggle for the liberation of the society as a whole. I went enemy, the identification of the enemy as the Portuguese hoping that what I would find would be very positive in Government which is perpetuating that colonialism is this regard. I did. PAIGC has long stated that the need for clear enough. In what ways are men, perpetuators of the women to free themselves from domination must be colonialism of women, the enemy? As was often said to seriously taken into account in their overall program. me-we are fighting to change men's minds. This process is "Our revolution cannot be successful without the full part of our overall struggle to build a new society. It is not participation of women," said Amilcar Cabral. On the simply a struggle against men; men are not seen as the other hand I did not expect to find 50 percent of all work enemy as such. done by women. I know that the struggle for women's liberation is a long one, that they have both the traditions For Women Life Was Doubly Hard of the society and the treatment of women under Given that this is the Party's perspective, and the Portuguese colonialism to combat. What I wanted to see perspective of the women, most of them to whom I spoke was the process by which PAIGC is trying to achieve its extremely militant, how does the fight against the second goal of a society without exploitation of any kind. colonialism manifest itself? In order to understand what changes are being wrought Two Colonialisms through the social reconstruction program of the Party, "In Guinea-Bissau we say that women have to fight some sense of what is being fought against is helpful. two colonialisms, one against the Portuguese, the other I asked many women what life was like living under the * Guinea-Bissau is divided into three fronts-South, East and responsible in their work for a particular area of the struggle-hence North. Each front is divided into regions, each region into sectors. health responsable, responsablo for education, for justice. Political * Responsable is a term used for Party members who are responsables are called 'Political Commissars., Portuguese. In the south I spoke to a Balante woman, were away under forced labor to the Portuguese-very Bwetna N'dubi, who was one of the first women often the case.