Report

CRP performance monitoring report 2012 Forests, Trees and Agroforestry

May 2013

Cover photo by Mokhamad Edliadi/CIFOR Village scenery at Halimun mountain valley, West Java, Indonesia.

CIFOR Jl. CIFOR, Situ Gede Bogor Barat 16115 Indonesia

T +62 (251) 8622-622 F +62 (251) 8622-100 E [email protected]

www.cifor.org

Center for International Forestry Research CIFOR advances human wellbeing, environmental conservation and equity by conducting research to inform policies and practices that affect forests in developing countries. CIFOR is a CGIAR Consortium Research Center. CIFOR’s headquarters are in Bogor, Indonesia. It also has offices in Asia, Africa and South America.

Contents

A. Key Messages ...... 1 A.1 Progress and challenges ...... 1 A.2 Success stories ...... 1 A.3 Financial summary ...... 2 B. Impact Pathway and Intermediate Development Outcomes (IDOs) ...... 2 C. Progress along the Impact Pathway ...... 3 C.1 Major achievements ...... 3 C.2 Progress towards outputs ...... 5 C.3 Progress towards outcomes ...... 7 C.4 Progress towards impact ...... 8 D. Gender Research Achievements ...... 8 D.1 Gender equality targets defined ...... 8 D.2 Institutional architecture for gender mainstreaming in place ...... 8 E. Partnerships Building ...... 9 F. Capacity Building ...... 9 G. Risk Management ...... 10 G.1 Coherence and collaboration ...... 10 G.2 Evidence ...... 10 G.3 Funding uncertainty ...... 10 H. Lessons Learned ...... 10 H.1 Overall indicator confidence ...... 10 H.2 Unexpected results and implications ...... 10 H.3 Indicator monitoring and qualitative analyses ...... 10 I. CRP Financial Report ...... 10 Annex A: Acronyms ...... 11 Annex B: References ...... 12 Annex C: Draft progress report, January-December 2012 ...... 13 Annex D: CRP indicators of progress, with glossary and targets ...... 69 Annex E: CRP Financial Report ...... 91

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regarding CRP-FTA core funding, and the A. Key Messages knock-on effects for successfully planning In this section we provide a synthesis of and implementing multi-year research. CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees The positioning of policy-oriented and natural and Agroforestry (CRP-FTA known internally resource management (NRM) research within and previously as CRP6), progress and the the CGIAR results framework remains a implementation challenges we have faced, challenge. It is difficult to accommodate the our two greatest success stories for 2012, complexity of this research within a and an overview of our financial status. framework designed for more linear-based Acronyms are listed in Annex A, and commodity research impact pathways. references at Annex B. A.2 Success stories A.1 Progress and challenges Getting to impact CRP-FTA aims to enhance the management and use of forests, agroforestry and tree In 2012, CRP-FTA (under Theme 1) mounted genetic resources across the landscape from two key impact studies that showed the forests to farms. Research investments under effectiveness of rural resource centers (RRCs) this program contribute to all four System in promoting adoption of high value trees in Level Outcomes (SLOs), and primarily to Cameroon and the positive impact of farmer- poverty reduction (SLO1) and to improved managed natural regeneration (FMNR) of management of natural resources (SLO4). trees in the Sahel on rural livelihoods. 2012 marked the program’s first full year of In Cameroon, we found that RRCs (a CRP-FTA implementation. Progress towards achieving innovation in seed and seedling delivery) led outputs is encouraging with 72% of research to more people being aware of agroforestry milestones planned for 2012 completed (27% options (71% in villages with RRCs cf. 52% in in-progress, 1% uncompleted). those without), and the proportion of people planting high value trees more than doubling We have achieved some important ‘firsts’: (37% cf. 17%). Adopters were mainly married, • launching the CRP-FTA gender strategy; male-headed households and many more • completing the CRP-FTA monitoring, men planted improved trees (30% men cf. evaluation and impact assessment 18% women), pinpointing new areas of (MEIA) strategy; research required to improve the inclusiveness of this approach. • selecting priority ‘sentinel landscapes’; In the Sahel, there is widespread increase in • rolling out a competitive internal budget tree cover from farmers encouraging natural allocation process to stimulate increased regeneration, with over 5 million ha cross-center and cross-theme synergies. impacting 2.5 million people in Southern Measurable progress has been made towards Niger alone. While it is assumed that the achieving program outcomes, such as an trees improve crop yields and household analysis of patterns and drivers of tree cover income, our CRP-FTA impact study is the first change, and the collation and processing of robust attempt to quantify benefits through existing data sets and information for four surveys across four countries (Burkina Faso, sentinel landscapes. These advances are Mali, Niger and Senegal). described more fully in Section C. Overall, we found a positive effect of trees on The formation of cohesive, collaborative crop yield across the Sahel of typically 15% to thematic research teams has been 30% under a typical canopy of mature trees, instrumental to the program’s success in which provide soil benefits. Impact depended 2012. A number of impact assessments have on location, tree species and crop type. Trees been conducted and will inform future were a significant source of household research investments, both to build on the livelihood (typically US$200 p.a) despite only ‘hits’ and to learn from the ‘misses’. 10-25% of harvested products being sold, The most significant programmatic which suggests they play significant, non- challenges relate to ongoing uncertainty monetary roles in rural livelihoods.

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Bringing science to the policy table 3 funds, US$40.77m from bilateral funds, and Forest Day 6, organized by CIFOR on behalf of US$2.54m from center funds (operational the Collaborative Partnership on Forests, was plan for these funds in aggregate was held on the sidelines of the U.N. Framework US$45.10m). Personnel accounted for 40%, Convention on Climate Change’s (UNFCCC) Supplies and Services 31%, Collaboration 17%, Conference of Parties (COP). ICRAF, CIAT and Travel 10% and Depreciation 2% of costs. Bioversity played major roles in the program. The meeting was a key vehicle for informing UNFCCC negotiators and others about the latest CRP-FTA climate change research. 703 people from 80 countries attended Forest Day 6, including 241 UNFCCC negotiators. Hundreds more followed online via a live video feed. A participant survey found that 82% agreed it had been “important” or “very important” for Fig. 1: CRP-FTA expenditure by Center (%) informing UNFCCC COP talks. 83% agreed that the conference had an “important” or “very important” influence on the formulation of new government policies. The Indonesian Government used CRP-FTA research to inform stakeholders on the sidelines of the UNFCCC COP. Government representatives drew from a package of REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation and enhancing forest carbon stocks) videos, Fig. 2: CRP-FTA expenditure by Center and photos and stories produced to complement Window (US$) earlier CIFOR-led training sessions. These sessions gave rise to significant growth in the B. Impact Pathway and REDD+ Indonesia website (46,000+ visitors, Intermediate Development 28,000+ publications downloaded and 4000+ Outcomes (IDOs) readership of its monthly eNews). The theories of change underlying CRP-FTA, The Global Comparative Study on REDD+ – a and associated impact pathways, recognize major international collaboration led by both the policy-oriented and smallholder foci CIFOR that brings together 46 partners in 12 of this research. Their elaboration across the countries – published a summary of its Phase CRP-FTA portfolio was a major focus in 2012, 1 findings. The book, Analysing REDD+: together with working closely with other Challenges and choices, was released at the CRPs through the NRM Impact Evaluation Rio+20 meeting. From Jun to Dec 2012, it had 2 Community of Practice. been downloaded more than 62,000 times according to AWStat, which includes indexing In 2012, we significantly advanced our by online search engines. articulation of IDOs, showing how CRP-FTA research contributes to these and, through A.3 Financial summary them, to SLOs. We have developed an interactive online model3 to represent and In 2012, CRP-FTA’s total expenditure was visualize these relationships. The model US$74.04m for the four partner centers schematically represents the main research (CIFOR, ICRAF, Bioversity and CIAT). This outputs, and the pathways by which those represents 101% compliance against the outputs (and the process itself) influence approved CRP-FTA budget of US$73.10m. partners and research users. In turn, these Of the reported expenditure, US$29.39m was partners and users have influence at higher 1 from Window 1/Window 2 funds (approved levels, and contribute to delivery of the IDOs. budget US$27.94m), US$1.34m from Window

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C. Progress along the Theme 2 – Conservation & management Impact Pathway To date, our efforts have mostly focused on output delivery and on engagement with We focus here on our major achievements, boundary partners in the research process to outputs and outcomes for CRP-FTA’s five core enhance the likelihood of adoption. themes (T1-T5) and four cross-cutting themes (Sentinel Landscapes, Gender, MEIA and Key outputs have included syntheses of Communications). ‘Major achievements’ in knowledge (e.g. a special issue of Forest gender research are outlined in Section D. All Ecology and Management) and the thematic highlights are detailed in CRP-FTA’s draft studies for the State of the World’s Forest progress report for Jan-Dec 2012 (Annex C). Resources. The latter will provide a foundation for the first-ever global action C.1 Major achievements plan for the conservation of the world’s forest genetic resources. Theme 1 – Production systems & markets Some outputs have focused on policy Further to the impact studies highlighted in constraints and knowledge, notably on the Section A as a CRP-FTA ‘success story’, we definition of degraded lands and on have focused on generating and delivering mechanisms for cooperation between timber improved tree germplasm of high value concessionaires and communities. species in West Africa and India, and tree Progress in capacity development has been diversity in key landscapes across Africa, Asia made through mentoring of students and and Latin America. Changes in knowledge, fellows. In Swaziland, for example, a research attitudes and behavior are evidenced in fellow is mapping the distribution and National Agricultural Research and Extension conservation status of an important Systems (NARES) and NGO partners, such as medicinal tree; another is evaluating forest in the uptake of high value tree germplasm genetic resources education. Further, our by farmers from RRCs in Cameroon and in the modules on forest genetic resources use of new tools, described below, in the conservation and use have been used to train Lake Tanganyika basin. over 200 students and professionals. We have analyzed nine forest product value Outcomes are emerging from projects that chains across Africa and Asia with have been ongoing for five years or more, recommendations on how to improve rural notably the United Nations Environment livelihoods, including through greater market Program – Global Environment Facility access for women, with respect to three non- (UNEP-GEF) co-funded project on timber forest products (NTFPs) in Africa. conservation and improved use of fruit trees Sophisticated new tools that combine in Central Asia, which has led to farmer- targeting degradation hotspots from satellite planting of locally-adapted varieties of fruit imagery, high-tech natural vegetation and nut trees on degraded land. mapping and local knowledge of tree attributes, are enabling partners to promote Theme 3 – Landscape management tree diversity to improve productivity and Substantial progress has been made in resilience of lives and landscapes. For research synthesis on aspects of landscape example, our partners across three countries management, notably for greenhouse gas comprising the Lake Tanganyika basin have (GHG) emissions from oil palm and land-use used these tools in the control of sediment change in Indonesia. Three paradigms – flow to the lake while improving livelihoods. commodification, compensation and co- In 2012, in the DRC alone, 27 community investment – are now recognized in part nurseries were established in vulnerable because of our synthesis of economic parts of the catchment and over 1.5 million incentives to support environmental services. trees were planted, including 85 thousand We have articulated twelve hypotheses for trees of 16 previously neglected native tree CRP-FTA’s sentinel landscapes (see ‘Cross- species. This is a major shift from promotion cutting-theme – Sentinel landscapes’ below) of eucalyptus woodlots that preceded use of with respect to understanding patterns and the CRP-FTA tools. drivers of forest transition. These hypotheses

3 CRP performance monitoring report 2012 relate, for example, to temporal change, Our research on domestic and international spatial patterns, and institutional challenges timber markets is assessing compliance at the forest/non-forest transition. Sentinel challenges for countries such as Cameroon, landscapes work will test the scope for using Gabon, DRC, Indonesia and Ecuador in policy instruments (rules, incentives, suasion), satisfying market regulations adopted by the which vary along the tree cover transition. European Union for buying legal timber. Our A stock-take of empirical evidence available findings have been disseminated to civil for CRP-FTA’s sentinel landscapes is well society and governments, and form part of underway. The design of this cross-cutting Voluntary Partnership Agreement (VPA) theme will benefit significantly from our negotiations (except in Ecuador). improved understanding of the spatial In Indonesia’s East Kalimantan and Papua representativeness of the Poverty and provinces, we are assessing the implications Environment Network (PEN) data sets. of large-scale land acquisition for fiber, food and fuel in the context of development plans Theme 4 – Climate change adaptation & to stimulate economic growth. Our work mitigation brings into sharp focus the trade-offs We have made progress with reference between growth and sustainability that these emission levels (RELs), the performance governments must reconcile. baselines required to implement REDD. They are a significant technical hurdle for countries Cross-cutting Theme – Sentinel landscapes in developing REDD policies and measures. Our ‘sentinel landscapes’ theme emerged in We have developed a stepwise approach response to the 2009 ‘Stripe review’.4 The based on elements of International Panel on report highlighted that CGIAR lacked Climate Change (IPCC) GHG inventories, common research instruments for enabling integrating indicators of social and economic the collation of comparative results and the drivers of deforestation into models to identification of cross-national patterns. predict deforestation. This cross-cutting theme has catalyzed more The REL framework was accepted by the coordinated and collaborative research UNFCCC in Durban (Dec 2011). Throughout within the selected landscapes. We have 2012, the stepwise approach was extended worked closely with new research projects, to the entire measurement, reporting and like the High Value Biocarbon Development verification system. Ongoing research Project and the Agrarian Change project. continues to build the evidence base for the 2012 saw new cross-theme activities on practicability of this approach. ecosystem services and certification. Our research complements CRP-CCAFS. We The sentinel landscapes umbrella has will use data sets from our respective work stimulated critical review of the CRP-FTA on oil palm in Sumatra, for example to framework, and provided a vehicle for produce a series of joint papers. partners to influence its agenda. We have ICRAF’s HQ is now equipped with a state-of- markedly raised awareness of the benefits of the-art tree-ring laboratory. This will enable data sharing and of ‘high-value data sets’. us to produce empirical data sets and tools Cross-cutting Theme – MEIA on, inter alia, past, current and future climate, climate reconstructions, and age dating and CRP-FTA’s MEIA strategy outlines the estimation of wood (carbon) production. The approaches available to CRP-FTA for lab will also enable capacity development. demonstrating progress towards outcomes and impacts.5 It is underpinned by the MEIA Theme 5 – Trade & investment 2013-15 Operational Plan. Our work has markedly improved The cross-center MEIA team contributed understanding of the likely implications of significantly to the development of CRP-FTA’s biofuel policy on land use change with focus IDOs, both through leadership roles and in on six countries, emphasizing that different working with theme leaders and others to pathways can be adopted for biofuel design monitoring and evaluation (M&E) development from 1st- to 2nd-generation. frameworks at different levels.

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Cross-cutting Theme – Communications • A Special Issue of Ecology and Society on local, social and environmental Impacts CRP-FTA’s research communications broke 10 new ground in 2012 with new initiatives, of biofuels (T5); and increased outreach, and strengthened • Analysis of women’s participation in collaboration among the knowledge-sharing forest management in Global teams across centers and partners. Environmental Change11 (Gender). Our data show that CRP-FTA is reaching more Other publication types for 2012, include: stakeholders, leading to a 15% increase in • Technical reports on 9 key value chains publication downloads and a 30% increase in for tree and forest products, including pageviews of our websites. CIFOR’s monthly 12 gender participation (T1; Gender); number of engaged social media users has tripled to over 3,000 since the start of 2012. • Global review of tree impacts on below- ground diversity and soil health13 (T1); Conference events and media coverage 14 reflect the continuing importance of forests • A global primer on tree domestication on the political agenda globally. CIFOR (T1); organized or took part in 18 international • A policy brief on using volunteer farmer conferences in 2012. Indonesia’s President trainers to disseminate tree fodder made a major policy speech on forestry options in East Africa15 (T1); during a visit to CIFOR’s HQ in June 2012 • CacaoNet Safe Movement Guidelines are ahead of the Rio+20 summit. available on CD (T2); C.2 Progress towards outputs • Strategic syntheses on ecosystem services and the ways in which Research publications and new knowledge regulation, suasion and incentives can We have published our research findings in a influence decision-makers (T3); range of forms from peer-reviewed papers • A book, Analysing REDD+: Challenges and technical reports, to synthesis books and and choices, summarizing the first three online articles. Publishing our work in year’s work under CIFOR’s Global national languages has enabled greater Comparative Study on REDD+ (T4); access by key target audiences. • Scoping papers on synergies between Notable examples of peer-reviewed articles, adaptation and mitigation to climate including three Special Issues: change (T4); • A major analysis of opportunities for • A series on high carbon stock, pro-poor forest tenure reforms to benefit rural development pathways and low smallholders published as a Special Issue carbon development pathways (T4); of Conservation and Society comprising 11 articles6 (T1); • Country assessments on domestic timber markets in Cameroon, Gabon, DRC, • A Special Issue of Forest Ecology and Indonesia and Ecuador (T5). Management on multiple use of tropical production forests7 comprising 11 • Options for improved policies and benchmark papers (T2); regulations for more responsible large- scale investments16 (T5); • An analysis of smallholder agroforestry system contributions to the circa situm • A synthesis of knowledge related to the different dimensions of biofuel conservation of genetic resources in 17 Biodiversity Conservation8 (T2); development (T5);

• An analysis of the conditions for creating • Occasional papers reviewing approaches, resources and methods for addressing and sustaining collective action for 18 securing property rights in production gender (Gender); and forest management in International • A gender-based assessment of NTFP- Forestry Review9 (T2); based trade in Africa, Asia and Latin America (Gender).

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Better materials, methods and tools • Enhancing understanding of the spatial The development and refinement of representativeness of the (PEN) data sets materials, methods and tools is a core (T3); feature of our work. We list some examples • Contributing to IPCC’s supplementary that demonstrate our progress in this arena: guidelines on GHG inventories in • Methods and tools for acquiring local wetlands (T4); knowledge about tree attributes for a • Assembling emission factors (e.g. Bolivia, 19,20 wide range of species (T1); Peru, Kenya, Indonesia, Vietnam) (T4); • New propagation methods for several • Systematizing information on large-scale high value tree species in Africa, biofuel investments27 (T5); including Dacryodes edulis and • Collecting data on large-scale Allanblackia floribunda21, and improved investments across sectors in Indonesia germplasm of Sahelian parkland tree and on oil palm in seven countries (T5); species22 (T1); • Collating and processing existing • Community-based conservation actions information and data across four sentinel or principles for safeguarding fruit tree landscapes (Sentinel); diversity (South/Southeast Asia) (T2); • Developing an online technical progress • In-depth analysis of patterns and drivers reporting system based on the of tree cover change (T3); Operational Plan structure (MEIA); and • Resolution of technical obstacles to • Bringing CRP-FTA into the main CGIAR carbon measurement in REDD (T4); foresight process (MEIA). • Assessment of approaches to implementing Forest Law Enforcement, Targeted outreach Governance and Trade principles (T5); We utilize an array of communication • Sustainability criteria for biofuels platforms and pathways, including new development23 (T5); media, for keeping our researchers, partners and stakeholders informed about and • Guidelines for gender research in the engaged with our research, as well as for CRP-FTA arena24, and a framework for seeking their input and views. Some analyzing gender roles in forest examples of products include: management25 (Gender); • CIFOR, ICRAF and Bioversity all launched • Methodologies are being designed to CRP-FTA webpages, and worked with assess the co-variation of livelihoods and CGIAR on its CRP-FTA page (CGIAR.org); trees at landscape scale (Sentinel); • Knowledge sharing is enabled through • Methodology harmonization for ‘core’ our ‘learning landscapes network’ (T3); monitoring data collection (Sentinel); • An online platform on forest and climate • Best-bet practices for agroforestry change adaptation and mitigation was compiled as part of a CGIAR-wide set of launched under the auspices of best bet technologies (MEIA); and ‘weADAPT’ (T4); • ‘DoView’, outcomes visualization • 263 stories related to CRP-FTA were software26, tested with anticipated written and posted by CIFOR in English – expansion of its use in 2013 (MEIA). with translations into Spanish (116), Improved data and management systems Portuguese (9), French (46) and Indonesian (90) – and 51 stories and We invest significant resources in data and feature articles were posted by ICRAF, 13 systems, which are essential to achieving by Bioversity, and 14 by CIAT; and CRP-FTA’s overarching goal. We note some examples of our successes in this arena: • Use of video documentaries and photo essays to communicate complex research

• Analyzing the footprint of oil palm findings increased in all centers. production in Indonesia (T3);

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C.3 Progress towards outcomes Perception and practice change We present examples of progress towards Our action-based and collaborative approach outcomes with respect to: using our research to research has stimulated changes in to influence policy; realizing tangible changes perceptions and practices in a variety of ways in perceptions and on-ground practices; and for a range of stakeholders, such as: demonstrating uptake of outreach products. • We enabled WWF and Zambian and Tanzanian NARES to promote tree Evidence-based policy diversity options rather than eucalyptus We have informed and shaped policies at all monocultures in the Lake Tanganyika scales, including several high-profile catchment through capacity strategies, through active engagement with strengthening and use of FTA tools (T1); policy development processes, notably: • Our co-researcher, a local wild-honey • The Global Strategy for the Conservation collector in Mozambique’s Niassa 28 and Use of Cacao Genetic Resources , Reserve, was effective in presenting non- FAO Report on the State of the World’s destructive harvesting practices to 127 29 Forest Genetic Resources , and The honey hunters in 7 locations (T2); Forests of the Congo Basin: State of the • The broader concept of ‘tree cover Forest 201030 (T2); transitions’ is gaining in acceptance, and • An agreement was reached on how CRP- the shift from ‘payments for ecosystem FTA science can contribute to the services’ to compensation and co- Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) investment is increasingly perceived as a processes and targets (T3); necessary next step (T3); • District land use planning processes have • Over 5000 smallholders in India adopted identified more realistic options, and measures under a project launched in there is evidence in pilot countries of 2009 designed to improve livelihoods national policy uptake (T3); and carbon finance benefits (T4); and • The Governments of Indonesia and • We have contributed to rationalizing Vietnam, building on CRP-FTA science integrated food and energy estate and the RUPES project, have clarified development in Papua, including operational procedures for economic suspension of about 300,000 ha of oil incentives for ecosystem services (T3); palm investments (T5). • Our guideline has been adopted by Information utilization international fora on combining conservation and livelihood goals around • A survey of CIFOR’s Forest News blog protected areas (T3); found that readers come from a broad cross-section of professions (up to • The REL framework was accepted by the 45,000 views per month); UNFCCC in Durban (Dec 2011) and the stepwise approach was extended to the • The number of people who follow the entire measurement, reporting and centers’ news feeds has nearly doubled verification system in 2012 (T4); since 2011, reaching more than 13,000 on Facebook and 18,000 on Twitter; • Our country-specific assessments for Indonesia, Cameroon, Gabon and DRC, • Similar gains were experienced in other form part of the VPA negotiations (T5); social media, including YouTube, SlideShare and Flickr; and • We are facilitating the introduction of a new small-scale logging permit scheme • A major jump in media coverage from with the Indonesian Government and proactive engagement with journalists provincial authorities in Papua (T5); and through interviews, press releases, media workshops, field tours, and using • New land-based concessions have been journalists’ blogs as virtual news services temporarily suspended pending the on forest issues. review of impacts to-date, further to our earlier research findings (T5).

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C.4 Progress towards impact envisaged to occur at 3-5 year intervals. These analyses will apply impact indicators CRP-FTA invests significant resources in derived from IDOs developed in consultation impact assessments for tracking progress with theme leaders. against CRP-FTA’s overall impact pathway, and the more detailed pathways defined for D.2 Institutional architecture for each theme. Further to our success stories (A.2) and achievements (C.1) already outlined, gender mainstreaming in place we provide some examples of impact studies: Overall, capacity to integrate gender across the research cycle differs for each of CRP- • Co-management of forests in the 31 FTA’s themes. Expertise in the biophysical Guinea’s Fouta Djallon Highlands; sciences dominates across CRP-FTA • Sustainable forest management in the collectively, while our social science experts Congo Basin (slated to begin in 2013) are not always skilled in the conduct of with terms of reference available on gender-responsive research. request; and Our process indicators to-date focus on • Lessons from the implementation of the quantifying scientists trained and gender- LAMIL project (slated to begin in 2013) specific outputs. In 2013, a broader set of with terms of reference being finalized. indicators will assess the number of gender integrated research proposals, and gender- D. Gender Research specific partnerships. The gender framework Achievements developed for CRP-FTA scientists and partners will be used in 2013 for a more Gender is one of four cross-cutting research systematic synthesis of results. Further, a themes in the CRP-FTA, and guides gender comprehensive evaluation of our gender research across each of the five core research approach is anticipated at that time. themes. In this section, we describe major achievements in the context of the CRP-FTA We now present some key examples of ways gender strategy, published in 2013.32 in which we are mainstreaming gender integration within CRP-FTA. D.1 Gender equality targets defined Training for scientists: The gender strategy establishes four clusters • In 2012, five workshops were conducted of outcomes that cut across CRP-FTA’s five to train 62 scientists in gender concepts, research themes: (1) reflecting knowledge, methods and integration; preferences and priorities of women (and • ICRAF convened gender training and men) across relevant decision chains, (2) awareness seminars; identifying and mitigating the differential effects of policy processes on men and • 26 participants (CGIAR scientists and women, (3) accounting for differential partners) attended a workshop on capacities to adopt materials, methods and advanced gender methods; and knowledge during interventions, and (4) • A workshop on writing gender concept enhancing the equitable participation in and notes and sharing of research methods. influence over decision-making processes. Materials to guide gender integration: These outcomes are integrated into specific • A methods manual (in four languages), research activities at the theme-level. Each of with an accompanying detailed review; the five themes operates at a global scale, and within a network of ‘sentinel landscapes’ • A framework for gender integration; designed to enable long-term comparative • A review of women’s leadership in NRM research and lesson-learning. Commencing in and conservation; 2013, a two-tier monitoring approach will be used to track these four outcomes. Firstly, we • Analysis of IFRI’s multi-country, multi-site will monitor individual project proposals and data set to explore gender relations; and research outputs on an annual basis. • A bibliographic database with around Secondly, monitoring will form an integral 2000 entries relevant to each of the part of all impact analyses, which are themes.

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Recruiting gender specialists: in the management of cacao genetic diversity • Four gender specialists (all post-doctoral contributed to and endorsed the strategy; 20 fellows) have been recruited through public and private sector organizations are each CRP-FTA partner center; now partnering in its implementation. CRP- FTA’s Sentinel Landscapes are another prime • Theme 1 has hired a gender specialist example of effective partnership building, (with a PhD) as a staff member; with three led by partner organizations. At a • Three consultants have guided country level, CIFOR’s and ICRAF’s methodological development and complementary work with Indonesia’s Forest gender/training needs assessments; Research and Development Agency typify CRP-FTA partnerships with NARES. The 10- • Four research fellowships have been year cocoa development project in Cote taken up by PhD-candidates. d’Ivoire, ‘Vision for Change’ (V4C), led by Developing communities of practice: ICRAF and supported by the Mars • ICRAF has formed a ‘Gender Corporation, illustrates the increasing level of Implementing Team’, which comprises CRP-FTA partnership with the private sector. 11 scientists from all regional programs and CRP-FTA themes. F. Capacity Building • The ‘Gender Implementing Team’ CRP-FTA capacity building activities took a approach will be monitored for possible number of forms, frequently in the context of CRP-FTA-wide application. the partnerships discussed in Section E. The most common were various forms of E. Partnership Building workshop or training conducted by or between CRP-FTA research projects. CRP-FTA has formal partnerships with more than 80 institutions across all continents. The In 2012, CRP-FTA conducted almost 100 first full year of CRP-FTA operation saw both workshops or training programs in nearly 40 a deepening and a broadening of these countries, for a total of c. 3000 participants partnerships, at a range of scales, to facilitate (52% women, 48% men). Some 10% of these research conduct and impact. focused on gender dimensions or issues. We have also invested in up-skilling CRP-FTA staff Four examples illustrate different forms of (120 participants in 3 courses, 67% women). global partnership. One is exemplified by CIRAD joining the CRP-FTA Steering CRP-FTA scientists supervised 60 PhD and Committee, and the seconding of 6 CIRAD/ masters students (47% women, 53% men); IRD researchers to work full-time on CRP-FTA and some 350 interns. The REFORCO (Congo activities in 2012. A second example is Forestry Research) project in DRC, which Bioversity’s partnership with FAO on the aims to replenish the ranks and train a new development of the State of the World’s generation of researchers, is noteworthy; Forest Genetic Resources report, and related with 21 students in 2012. regional syntheses. A third is ICRAF’s We have initiated both strategies and partnership with FAO and others to develop research for more effective capacity building. guidelines for advancing agroforestry policy, ICRAF developed a new capacity building and a fourth is the MoU signed between the strategy, and a CRP-FTA-wide project, Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and entitled ‘Toward more effective capacity CRP-FTA during Tree Diversity Day at the CBD building: A comparative evaluation of CRP- COP11 in October 2012. The MoU facilitates FTA partner center experiences’, will be CRP-FTA work in support of CBD objectives. implemented in 2013. Similarly, the CRP-FTA The depth of partnership achievement is gender fellowship scheme will be initiated in well-illustrated by the Global Strategy for the 2013 as a result of collaboration among CRP- Conservation and Use of Cacao Genetic FTA gender focal points in 2012. Resources. Developed under Bioversity’s In 2012, we partnered with IUCN and auspices, the strategy aims to foster the Transparency International to host a series of sustainable availability of cocoa diversity. workshops in Vietnam, with the aim of Over 30 institutes from 26 countries involved improving environmental reporting. These

9 CRP performance monitoring report 2012 events commenced with a briefing to 15 H. Lessons Learned senior newspaper/TV editors and the Deputy Minister of Information, followed by CIFOR- It is important to recognize that 2012 led workshops and field trips for 36 reporters. represents the first full year of CRP-FTA implementation. We anticipate participating G. Risk Management in and learning from lesson-sharing activities with other CRPs. We identify three major risks to CRP-FTA that may hinder delivery of results, and describe H.1 Overall indicator confidence the mitigation actions planned. CRP-FTA is unable to respond to many of the G.1 Coherence and collaboration indicator categories in Table 1 (Annex D) due to their release just prior to the reporting Coherence and collaboration among centers period deadline. We anticipate a high level of and themes is essential for averting confidence in responding to these indicators fragmentation, duplication, inefficient use of in 2013 following the establishment of a funds and unsatisfactory progress towards tailored data collection system. IDOs and SLOs. We address this risk through an array of measures. We are mapping H.2 Unexpected results and individual center-based contributions to a implications common CRP-level operational plan. We are building an integrated picture of all reporting All CRP-FTA themes and cross-cutting themes requirements so as to leverage project-level are ‘on track’ with their impact pathways as originally defined. However, unexpected indicators at the CRP level. 5% of operating funds have been allocated for proposals that results and implications may arise as the strengthen multi-center, multi-theme program matures. synergies to achieve IDOs and SLOs. H.3 Indicator monitoring and G.2 Evidence qualitative analyses Inadequate evidence of progress towards In support of the CRP-FTA MEIA strategy, we IDOs and SLOs risks the program’s access to give high priority to harmonizing the performance-based funding. We have collection and sharing of project-level adopted a multi-faceted and integrated information among centers. Once project- approach to mitigate this risk, including level information has been standardized and implementing CRP-FTA’s MEIA strategy, shared, more detailed and real-time tracking participating in CGIAR’s NRM research impact of milestone delivery and progress against working group, engaging with outcome- outputs and outcomes will be possible. based planning and monitoring specialists to At the center level, we will better align MEIA apply effective evidence-capture mechanisms activities and enhance the availability and (e.g. Outcome Mapping and DoView), and accessibility of results. Progessively, we will commissioning impact assessments. be better positioned to give an accurate and timely picture of aggregated progress along G.3 Funding uncertainty the results chain towards IDOs and SLOs. The continuity of core funding for CRP-FTA In 2013, we plan to develop and apply a research continues to be uncertain, and mechanism for capturing and integrating threatens to compromise the program’s evidence from across the CRP-FTA research multi-year research approach. Our approach portfolio. Further, we are exploring more to mitigating this risk entails, inter alia, interactive and narrative-based approaches enhancing bilateral funding as a primary to presenting information on CRP-FTA’s source of funds, adopting a conservative risk progress to a range of stakeholder interests. profile (e.g. delaying the hiring of international research staff), and working I. CRP Financial Report with the Consortium Office to develop low volatility funding approaches and identify See Annex E for full financial reporting. new funding sources.

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Annex A – Acronyms CBD Convention on Biological Diversity NARES National Agricultural Research and Extension Systems CCAFS Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security NGO Non-government organization CIAT International Center for Tropical NRM Natural resource management Agriculture NTFP Non-timber forest product CIFOR Center for International Forestry PEN Poverty and Environment Network Research REDD+ Reducing Emissions from CIRAD Agricultural Research for Development Deforestation and Forest Degradation COP Conference of Parties and enhancing forest carbon stocks CRP6 CGIAR Research Program 6 (obsolete; REFORCO Congo Forestry Research now CRP-FTA) REL Reference emission levels CRP-FTA CGIAR Research Program on Forests, RRC Rural resource center Trees and Agroforestry RUPES Rewarding Upland Poor for DRC Democratic Republic of Congo Environmental Services (project) FAO Food and Agriculture Organization SLO System level outcome FMNR Farmer-managed natural regeneration T1 CRP-FTA Theme 1 (Production systems GHG Greenhouse gas & markets) HQ Headquarters T2 CRP-FTA Theme 2 (Conservation & management) ICRAF World Agroforestry Centre T3 CRP-FTA Theme 3 (Landscape IDO Intermediate development outcome management) IFRI International Forestry Research T4 CRP-FTA Theme 4 (Climate change Institute adaptation & mitigation) IPCC International Panel on Climate Change T5 CRP-FTA Theme 5 (Trade & IUCN International Union for Conservation investment) of Nature UNEP-GEF United Nations Environment Program LAMIL Landscape Management for Improved – Global Environment Facility Livelihoods (project) UNFCCC United Nations Framework M&E Monitoring and evaluation Convention on Climate Change MEIA Monitoring evaluation and impact V4C Vision for Change assessment VPA Voluntary Partnership Agreement MoU Memorandum of understanding WWF Worldwide Fund for Nature NAPA National Adaptation Program of Action

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Annex B – References 1. CGIAR’s system of Window 1, 2 & 3 funds is described at http://www.cgiar.org/who-we-are/cgiar- fund/ 2. See discussion in Monitoring, Evaluation and Impact Assessment Strategy for CRP6 (2012- 2016): http://www.cifor.org/fileadmin/subsites/crp/MEIA_en2%5B2%5D.pdf 3. http://www.cifor.org/crp6_rsf_model/ (User: crp2013 Pass: crpmarch2013) 4. CGIAR Science Council. (2009). Stripe review of social sciences in the CGIAR. Rome, Italy. 5. http://www.cifor.org/fileadmin/subsites/crp/MEIA_en2%5B2%5D.pdf 6. http://www.conservationandsociety.org/showBackIssue.asp?issn=0972- 4923;year=2012;volume=10;issue=2;month=April-June 7. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03781127/268 8. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10531-012-0429-5 9. http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/cfa/ifr/2012/00000014/00000002/art00003 10. http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/issues/view.php?sf=68 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.10.005 12. http://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/articles/AShackleton1101.pdf 13. http://ukcatalogue.oup.com/product/9780199575923.do#.UVadCBlqvBU 14. http://www.worldagroforestry.org/downloads/publications/PDFs/TM17346.PDF 15. http://www.worldagroforestry.org/downloads/publications/PDFs/PB12236.PDF 16. http://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/OccPapers/OP-68.pdf 17. http://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/infobrief/3914-infobrief.pdf 18. http://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/OccPapers/OP-80.pdf 19. http://www.worldagroforestry.org/newsroom/highlights/who-knows-value-trees-coffee-farms 20. http://worldagroforestry.org/newsroom/highlights/local-knowledge-training-global-tree-cover 21. http://www.tropicallab.ugent.be/thesisebenezar.pdf 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2012.715474 23. http://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/WPapers/WP75German.pdf 24. http://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/BCIFOR1203.pdf 25. http://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/OccPapers/OP-82.pdf 26. http://www.doview.com 27. http://www.cifor.org/bioenergy/maps/ 28. http://www.bioversityinternational.org/fileadmin/bioversity/publications/pdfs/A_global_strategy_ for_the_conservation_and_use_of_cacao_genetic_resources__as_the_foundation__Abbreviated_v ersion__1989_01.pdf?cache=1362922286 29. http://www.fao.org/forestry/fgr/71306/en/ 30. http://www.observatoire-comifac.net/edf2010.php?l=en 31. http://blog.cifor.org/8637/investing-in-managing-forest-landscapes-improves-incomes-in- guinea/#.UW96gSsmmG9 32. http://www.cifor.org/crp6/research-portfolio.html

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Annex C: Draft progress report, January-December 2012

Note: The structure used in this traffic light report is based on the pre-2013 harmonized results hierarchy. Output targets in this traffic light report are equivalent to milestones in the 2013 results hierarchy.

Component 1: Smallholder production systems and markets Theme 1.1 Enhancing productivity and sustainability of smallholder forestry and agroforestry practices, including food security and nutritional benefits, through better management of production systems

Outcome: NARES (including NGO sector) promote and farmers adopt improved tree germplasm and management options appropriate to local circumstances that increase productivity and sustainability of smallholder farm and forest systems

Output 6.1.1.1 Nucleus amounts of quality and locally appropriate tree germplasm selected, bred and distributed, together with propagation options

Improved sexual and vegetative 1. Tchoundjeu, Z., Asaah, E., Bayala, J., Kalinganire, A., M’ngomba, S. 2012. germplasm of priority tree Vegetative propagation techniques. In Dawson, I., Harwood, C., species developed, procured and Jamnadass, R., Beniest, J. (eds.) Agroforestry tree domestication: a primer, 110–117. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Nairobi. corresponding propagation 2. Asaah, E.K. 2012. Beyond vegetative propagation of indigenous fruit trees: protocols and extension manuals case of Dacryodes edulis (G.Don) H.J. Lam and Allanblackia floribunda made available for implementing Oliv. PhD thesis. Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. partners 3. Makueti, J. 2012. Breeding system of Dacryodes edulis (G. Don) H.J. Lam: implications for cultivar development, selective breeding and conservation of resources. PhD thesis. University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé. (Completed, awaiting defense.) 4. Neondo, J., Machua, J., Muigai, A., Nyende, A.B., Munjuga, M., Jamnadass, R., Muchugi, A. 2012. Micropropagation of Allanblackia stuhlmannii: amenability to tissue culture technique. International Journal for Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Research 2(11):185– 194. 5. Bouda, Z.H.-N., Bayala, J., Markussen, B., Jensen, J.S., Ræbild, A. 2012. Provenance variation in survival, growth and dry matter partitioning of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) R.Br. ex G.Don seedlings in response to water stress. Agroforestry Systems 87(1):59–71. 6. Kalinganire, A., Weber, J.C., Coulibaly, S. 2012. Improved Ziziphus mauritiana germplasm for Sahelian smallholder farmers: first steps towards a domestication programme. Forests, Trees and Livelihoods 21(2):128–137. Ecological areas and farming • Prepared key indexing criteria for describing the ecological conditions and systems that high value farming systems for Bassio, Mangifera, Faidherbia and Ziziphus spp. agroforestry tree species like • Made presentations at three national-level meetings in India Bassio, Mangifera, Faidherbia, Manuscript prepared and submitted for publication: Ziziphus can grow well on Singh, V.P., Singh, I.S. Nayak, D., Jamnadass, R. (in press). Biology, production mapped and utilization of Mahua (Bassia latifolia Roxb.): an ever useful tree of high economic and social value in the tribal regions of India. ICRAF-South Asia, New Delhi, India.

Capacity strengthened in NARES Completed characterization of Chrysophyllum albidum fruits in three to characterise tree genotypes ecological zones in Nigeria and of Dacryodes macrophylla, Pentaclethra and phenotypic expression in macrophylla and Gnetum africanum in Cameroon different environments and 13 CRP performance monitoring report 2012 hence the participatory Key publications: development of appropriate tree 1. Asaah, E.K. 2012. Beyond vegetative propagation of indigenous fruit trees: ideotypes for local circumstances case of Dacryodes edulis (G.Don) H.J. Lam and Allanblackia floribunda Oliv. PhD thesis. Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. 2. Van Damme, P., Kindt, R. 2012. Ethnobotanical methods. In Dawson, I., Harwood, C., Jamnadass, R., Beniest, J. (eds.) Agroforestry tree domestication: a primer, xxx–xxx. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Nairobi. 3. Franzel, S., Kindt, R. 2012. Species priority setting procedures. In Dawson, I., Harwood, C., Jamnadass, R., Beniest, J. (eds.) Agroforestry tree domestication: a primer, 36–45. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Nairobi. 4. Weber, J.C., Sotelo Montes, C. 2012. Provenance and progeny trials. In Dawson, I., Harwood, C., Jamnadass, R., Beniest, J. (eds.) Agroforestry tree domestication: a primer, 64–69. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Nairobi. 5. Nyoka, B.I., Sileshi, G., Akinnifesi, F.K., Matarirano, L., Mng’omba, S., Mavhankeni, B.O., Bhebhe, E. 2012. Productivity of Acacia angustissima accessions at two sites in the subtropics. African Journal of Biotechnology 11:15763–15770. 6. Nyoka, B.I., Simons, A.J., Akinnifesi, F.K. 2012. Genotype–environment interaction in Gliricidia sepium: phenotypic stability of provenances for leaf biomass yield. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 157:87–93. Participatory domestication of • Generation of knowledge on strategies to accelerate domestication trees with emphasis on • Promotion of the domestication of Pentaclethra macrophylla (oil, functional uses medicine), Garcinia lucida (medicine) and Gnetum africanum (food, medicine, colorant), Anonidium mannii (food and medicine) in DRC • Distribution of leaflet on uses and propagation options for Pentaclethra macrophylla, Garcinia lucida, Gnetum africanum, and Anonidium mannii to extension staff and other partners

Key publications: 1. Kindt, R., Holding Anyonge, C., Carsan, S. 2012. Participatory rural appraisal approaches. In Dawson, I., Harwood, C., Jamnadass, R., Beniest, J. (eds.) Agroforestry tree domestication: a primer, 21–27. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Nairobi. 2. Mbora, A., Dawson, I. 2012. Seed production methods. In Dawson, I., Harwood, C., Jamnadass, R., Beniest, J. (eds.) Agroforestry tree domestication: a primer, 102–109. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Nairobi. 3. Jamnadass, R., Dawson, I., Ofori, D., Leakey, R. 2012. Tree domestication for small scale farmers. In Dawson, I., Harwood, C., Jamnadass, R., Beniest, J. (eds.) Agroforestry tree domestication: a primer, 9–19. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Nairobi. 4. Tchoundjeu, Z., Asaah, E., Dawson, I., Leakey, R. 2012. The participatory tree domestication approach. In Dawson, I., Harwood, C., Jamnadass, R., Beniest, J. (eds.) Agroforestry tree domestication: a primer, 134–139. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Nairobi. 5. Degrande, A., Tadjo, P., Takoutsing, B., Asaah, E., Tsobeng, A., Tchoundjeu, Z. 2012. Getting trees into farmers’ fields: success of rural nurseries in distributing high quality planting material in Cameroon. Agronomy Journal 104(6):1558–1568. 6. Narendra, B.H., Roshetko, J.M., Tata, H.L., Mulyoutami, E. 2012. Prioritizing underutilized tree species for domestication in smallholder systems of West Java. Small-scale Forestry. doi 10.1007/s11842-012- 9227-x.

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Output 6.1.1.2 Tree management options developed for forests and farms

Agroforestry management Roshetko, J.M., Manurung, G., Susila, A., Anggakusuma, D., Rahmanulloh, A. options as alternatives to 2012. Understory vegetable production in smallholder agroforestry systems of monoculture rubber West Java – a viable option? In Susila, A.D., Purwoko, B.S., Roshetko, J.M., Palada, M.C., Kartika, J.G., Dahlia, L., Wijaya, K., Rahmanulloh, A., Raimadoya, M., Koesoemaningtyas, T. et al. (eds.) Vegetable–agroforestry systems in Indonesia, 19–47. World Association of Soil and Water Conservation (WASWAC), Bangkok, and World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), Nairobi.

Options for integrating trees Bayala, J., Sileshi, G.W., Coe, R., Kalinganire, A., Tchoundjeu, Z., Sinclair, F., with conservation agriculture Garrity, D. 2012. Cereal yield response to conservation agriculture practices in the drylands of West Africa: a quantitative synthesis. Journal of Arid Environments 78:13–25. Muriuki et al. 2012). Options for integrating trees with conservation agriculture in Kenya, Tanzania and Ethiopia. Sileshi, G.W et al. 2012. Options for integrating trees with conservation agriculture in Malawi. Local knowledge about tree Cronin, M., Divakaran, J., Lamond, G., Muriuki, J., Sinclair, F.L. 2012. Local management in crop fields knowledge about farm trees in Machakos, Kenya and Mbarali, Tanzania documented and accessible (unpublished manuscript). Tomasini, S., Pagella, T., Kiptot, E.C., Sinclair, F.L. 2012. Adaptation of local agroecological knowledge to climate variability in Machakos, Kenya. Global Environmental Change (manuscript). Pauli, N., Barrios, E., Conacher, A.J., Oberthur, T. 2012. Farmer knowledge of the relationships among soil macrofauna, soil quality and tree species in a smallholder agroforestry system of western Honduras. Geoderma 189– 190:186–198. Nyaga, J., Barrios, E., Muthuri, C., Oborn, I., Sinclair, F. 20xx. Farmers’ local knowledge on the spatial and temporal influence of dominant tree species on soil water, nutrient availability and biological activity in Trans-Nzoia district (unpublished manuscript). Local knowledge about Cerdán, C.R., Rebolledo, M.C., Soto, G., Rapidel, B., Sinclair, F.L. 2012. Local ecosystem services of trees in knowledge of impacts of tree cover on ecosystem services in smallholder coffee farms documented and coffee production systems. Agricultural Systems 110:119–130 accessible

Impacts of tree litter mixtures on Lelei, D., Barrios, E., Ayuke, F., Coe, R., Karanja, N., Shepherd, K. 20xx. abundance, diversity and Assessing the influence of trees and soil properties on soil macrofauna function of soil organisms diversity and spatial distribution in agricultural landscapes of Tanzania (unpublished manuscript). Pauli, N., Conacher, A.J., Barrios, E., Oberthur, T. 2012. Spatial variability in earthworm surface casting activity reflects differences in soil type, soil organic carbon, topographic position and past land use history. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment (submitted) Barrios, E., Sileshi, G.W., Shepherd, K., Sinclair, F. 2012. Agroforestry and soil health: linking trees, soil biota and ecosystem services. In Wall, D.H. (ed.) The Oxford Handbook of Soil Ecology and Ecosystem Services, 315–330. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.

Sustainable intensification Smith Dumont, E., Vaast, P., Gnahoua, G.M., Ohouo, L. 2012. Cocoa tree options identified for cocoa associations and selection of preliminary candidate agroforestry species for agroforests Soubre, Côte d’Ivoire (unpublished manuscript).

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Synthesis of principles for Purnomo, H. 2011. A systems dynamics approach to balancing wood supply interventions to improve and demand for sustaining the furniture industry. Paper presented at Modeling technical management of timber and Simulation Conference, Perth, Australia, December. and non-timber resources for Balinga, M.P.B., Zougouri, S., Karambiri, M., Zida, M., Suwadu, S.J. 20xx. smallholder and community Emerging issues in ensuring equitable access to resources and benefits from non-timber forest products (NTFPs) in Burkina Faso. Paper presented at Society forestry for Study of Ethnobiology meeting, Montpellier, France, xxxx. Abebaw, D., Kassa, H., Kassie, G.T., Lemenih, M., Campbell, B., Teka, W. 2012. Dry forest based livelihoods in resettlement areas of Northwestern Ethiopia. Forest Policy and Economics 20:72–77. Lemenih, M., Kassa, H., Kassie, G.T., Abebaw, D., Teka, W. 2012. Resettlement and woodland management problems and options: a case study from north- western Ethiopia. Land Degradation & Development doi: 10.1002/ldr.2136. Kallio, M., Kanninen, M., Rohadi, D. 2011. Farmers’ tree planting activities in Indonesia- Case studies in the provinces of Central Java, Riau, and South Kalimantan. Forest Trees and Livelihoods 20:191–210. Kallio, M., Krisnawati, H., Rohadi, D., Kanninen, M. 2011. Mahogany and kadam planting farmers in South Kalimantan: the link between silvicultural activity and stand quality. Small-scale Forestry 10:115–132. Analysis of women’s Mwangi, E., Meinzen-Dick, R., Sun, Y. 2011. Gender and sustainable forest participation in forest management in East Africa and Latin America. Ecology and Society 16(1):17. management decisions of IFRI Yan, S., Mwangi, E., Meinzen-Dick, R., Bose, P., Shanley, P., Da Silva, F.C., data set Macdonald, T. 2012. Forests: gender, property rights and access. CIFOR Infobrief No. 47. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. Mwangi, E., Markelova, H., Meinzen-Dick, R. 2012. Collective action and property rights for poverty reduction: insights from Africa and Asia. IFPRI Issue Brief #71. International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC. http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/ib71.pdf Training on sustainable fuelwood This activity took the form of workshops held to share key results from the production practices fuelwood study with all participants of the research (producers, vendors and consumers). Two workshops were held with the household and market respondents (in Kinshasa and Kisangani) and 11 village meetings were held with fuelwood producers (Kinshasa Province, Bas Congo, Oriental Province). Analysis of management Abebaw, D., Kassa, H., Kassie, G.T., Lemenih, M., Campbell, B., Teka, W. 2012. practices for gums and resins Dry forest based livelihoods in resettlement areas of Northwestern Ethiopia. produced by smallholders Forest Policy and Economics 20:72–77. Lemenih, M., Kassa, H., Kassie, G.T., Abebaw, D., Teka, W. 2012. Resettlement and woodland management problems and options: a case study from north- western Ethiopia. Land Degradation & Development doi: 10.1002/ldr.2136. Lemenih, M., Kassa, H. (eds.) 2011. Opportunities and challenges for sustainable production and marketing of gums and resins in Ethiopia. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. http://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/BKassa1102.pdf Lemenih, M., Kassa, H. 2011. Management guide for sustainable production of frankincense. A manual for extension workers and companies managing dry forests for resin production and marketing. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. http://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/BKassa1101.pdf Assefa, M., Dekebo, A., Kassa, H., Habtu, A., Fitwi, G., Redi-Abshiro, M. 2012. Biophysical and chemical investigations of frankincense of Boswellia papyrifera from North and Northwestern Ethiopia. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research 4(2):1074-1089. Comparison of nutritional and Graefe, S., Dufour, D., van Zonnefeld, M., Rodriguez, F., Gonzalez, A. 2013. organoleptic properties of fruits Peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) in tropical Latin America: implications for under diverse agroforestry biodiversity conservation, natural resources management and human nutrition. Biodiversity and Conservation 22:269–300. 16 CRP performance monitoring report 2012 arrangements CIAT. 2012. Informe de avance del primer año del proyecto: caracterización, colección y micropropagación de híbridos de coco de la costa pacífica de Colombia, y definición del complejo entomológico como estrategias de solución al problema fitosanitario del coco en Colombia. Informe Técnico De Avances De Proyectos De Investigación. CIAT, Cali, Colombia. Output 6.1.1.3 Tools for matching tree species and management options to sites and circumstances developed and tested for use on smallholder farms and forests

Tree selection and management Smith, E., Kuria, A., Muthuri, C., Nangole, E., Kindt, R., Sinclair, F. 2012. guidelines for agroforestry Agroforestry interventions to reduce sedimentation and improve livelihoods in practices to control sediment the Tanzanian catchment of Lake Tanganyika. World Agroforestry Centre, flow and improve rural Nairobi. livelihoods around Lake Smith, E., Kuria, A., Muthuri, C., Kindt, R., Sinclair, F. 2012. Interventions agroforestieres pour lutter contre l’erosion et la pauvrete dans les bassins du Tanganyika Lac Tanganyika, République Démocratique du Congo (RDC). World Agroforestry Centre, Nairobi. Smith, E., Kuria, A., Muthuri, C., Kindt, R., Sinclair, F. 2012. Agroforestry interventions to reduce sedimentation and improve livelihoods in the Zambian catchment of Lake Tanganyika. World Agroforestry Centre, Nairobi. Regional probability maps for Coe, R., Cooper, P., Sinclair, F.L. 2012. Regional mapping of threshold performance of tree productivity gains to refine the targeting of natural resource management interventions in crop fields interventions (unpublished manuscript).

Identification of sites and Data have been collected and analysis is in progress. Seasonal patterns conditions under which hydraulic emerging from the data suggest that the pattern of rainfall in any particular redistribution by parkland trees year may determine whether the overall benefit of hydraulic redistribution by benefits crops trees outweighs competition for water.

Development of high-resolution Version 1.1 of the VECEA map (Vegetation and Climate Change in East Africa) species distribution maps and was made publicly available in August 2012. A new website was created for guidelines for their application this new version of the VECEA map. The new website includes new for selection of tree species for descriptions for the vegetation types and an interactive point layer to enhance present and future climates identification of vegetation types or mosaics (i.e. making the Google Earth layers “clickable”).

van Breugel, P., Kindt, R., Lillesø, J.P.B., Bingham, M., Demissew, S., Dudley, C., Friis, I., Gachathi, F., Kalema, J., Mbago, F. et al. 2012. Potential natural vegetation map of Eastern Africa: interactive vegetation map for Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia. Version 1.1. Forest and Landscape, Denmark, and World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Nairobi. http://vegetationmap4africa.org

Identification of key tree Species selection tools based on attributes provided in references on “useful attributes that affect species to tree species” (such as the “useful tree and shrub species for Kenya”) were site matching and their included in the new version of the VECEA map released in August 2012 occurrence in tree databases Kindt, R., van Breugel, P., Orwa, C., Lillesø, J.P.B., Jamnadass, R., Graudal, L. 2012. Useful tree species for Eastern Africa: a species selection tool based on the VECEA map. Forest and Landscape, Denmark, and World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Nairobi. http://vegetationmap4africa.org

Species selection methods for the “useful tree species for Africa” had been improved by the end of 2012. This was achieved mainly by incorporating the star-rating system of the Plant Resources of Tropical Africa (PROTA), but also 17 CRP performance monitoring report 2012

by including links to several web-based plant databases.

Kindt, R., Orwa, C., Van Breugel, P., Graudal, L., Lillesø, J.P.B. Kehlenbeck, K., Neufeld, H., Jamnadass, R. 2012. Useful tree species for Africa. Version 1.1. A species selection tool based on The Vegetation Map of Africa. http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/our_products/databases/useful- tree-species-africa

A workshop on functional tree attributes was held in Nairobi (30 October– 3 November 2012). During this workshop, a finite list of attributes was compiled based on considerations of plant physiology, modeling of tree-crop interactions, tree improvement and farmer selection. A working paper will be finalized in 2013. As a by-product of the meeting, a master list of agroforestry tree species was compiled; this list will be made available globally in 2013 as the “agroforestry species switchboard”.

A cross-regional concept note is under development in partnership with Bioversity.

Theme 1.2 Increasing income generation and market integration for smallholders through utilisation of forestry and agroforestry options

Outcome: Smallholder farmers and forest users become more aware of market operation and interact more effectively with other actors in value chains to gain better access to markets and realise higher value from their products

Output 6.1.2.1 Rapid market appraisal tools to evaluate tree products developed

Inventory and assessment of Nang’ole, E.M., Mithöfer, D., Franzel, S. 2011. Review of guidelines and methods for value chain manuals for value chain analysis for agricultural and forest products. ICRAF development and how methods Occasional Paper No. 15. World Agroforestry Centre, Nairobi. can be improved to better A completed analytical paper is in press: address needs and Donovan, J., Cunha, M., Franzel, S., Gyau, A., Mithöfer, D. Guides for value circumstances of stakeholders chain development: a comparative review. CTA A journal article based on this report is currently in preparation.

Producers’ motivations for Gyau, A,. Takoutsing, B. Degrande, A., Franzel, S., Tchoundjeu, Z. 2013. participating in collective action Producers’ motivation for collective action for kola production and marketing for marketing produce assessed in Cameroon. Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and and compared with actual Subtropics 113(1):43–50. Gyau, A., Takoutsing, B., Franzel, S. 2012. Producers’ perception of collective benefits earned. action initiatives in the production and marketing of kola in Cameroon. Journal of Agricultural Science 4(4):117–128. Assessment of opportunities for High-value option for the use of cacao diversity in Waslala area of Nicaragua adding value to native cacao made available (Bioversity) diversity evaluated Trognitz, B., Cros, E., Assemat, S., Davrieux, F., Forestier-Chiron, N., Ayestas, E., Scheldeman, X., Hermann, M. 2013. Diversity of cacao trees in Waslala, Nicaragua: associations between genotype spectra, product quality and yield potential. PLoS ONE 8(1): e54079. Assessment of the genetic diversity and flavor quality of Chuncho cacao in Peru (Bioversity) • Leaves were collected from approximately 181 Chuncho trees in Quillabamba and Satipo areas. DNA was extracted and negotiations to carry out genetic analyses at USDA-Beltsville, USA, have progressed. • As part of a graduate study, microfermentations of Chuncho beans were carried out with and without addition of aromatic substances, mainly fruit 18 CRP performance monitoring report 2012

pulps. Chocolates were prepared at Mars and cocoa liquors at CIRAD. The results demonstrate the high intrinsic quality of Chuncho beans. The aromatic fruit additions resulted in special flavors in the cocoa liquor, although these did not necessarily enhance the overall flavor quality of the Chuncho beans compared with the control. • As part of the same study, aromatic fruit pulps and spices were added to CCN51 beans in microfermentations. The results confirm the low quality of the control beans (although they were well fermented) and showed a significant increase in the overall quality of CCN51 beans fermented in presence of aromatic substances. By increasing the quality of CCN51, such treatments are of economic interest. • Observation is continuing of the Chuncho plantations that have undergone various rehabilitation treatments.

Evidence from the World Bank-funded project “Modern genomics methods benefiting small farmers’ value chain” demonstrated that ultra-barcoding is a viable and increasingly cost-effective approach for reliably distinguishing varieties and even individual genotypes of cacao and to differentiate the species Theobroma cacao from T. grandiflorum. This approach shows great promise for applications where very closely related or interbreeding taxa (such as Criollo and Forastero) must be distinguished.

Kane, N., Sveinsson, S., Dempewolf, H., Yang, J.Y., Zhang, D., Engels, J.M.M., Cronk, Q. 2012. Ultra-barcoding in cacao (Theobroma spp.; Malvaceae) using whole chloroplast genomes and nuclear ribosomal DNA. American Journal of Botany 99(2):320–329.

Business opportunities for palm Graefe, S., Dufour, D., van Zonnefeld, M., Rodriguez, F., Gonzalez, A. 2013. species in the humid tropics Peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) in tropical Latin America: implications for assessed biodiversity conservation, natural resources management and human nutrition. Biodiversity and Conservation 22:269–300. CIAT. 2012. Informe de avance del primer año del proyecto: caracterización, colección y micropropagación de híbridos de coco de la costa pacífica de Colombia, y definición del complejo entomológico como estrategias de solución al problema fitosanitario del coco en Colombia. Informe Técnico De Avances De Proyectos De Investigación. CIAT, Cali, Colombia. Output 6.1.2.2 Marketing strategies assessed

Value chain studies on NTFPs, Shackleton, S., Paumgarten, F., Kassa, H., Husselman, M., Zida, M. 2011. fuelwood and charcoal Opportunities for enhancing poor women’s socioeconomic empowerment in the value chains of three African non-timber forest products (NTFPs). International Forestry Review 13(2):136–151. Shackleton, S., Paumgarten, F., Kassa, H., Husselman, M., Zida, M., Purnomo, H., Irawati, R.H., Fauzan, A.U., Melati. 2012. Forests, gender and value chains. CIFOR Infobrief No. 49. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. Schure, J. 2012. Woodfuel and producers’ livelihoods in the Congo Basin. In Arts, B., Van Bommel, S., Ros-Tonen, M., Verschoor, G. (eds.) Forest people interfaces: understanding community forestry and biocultural diversity, 87– 102. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, The Netherlands. Schure, J., Marien, J.-N., de Wasseige, C., Drigo, R., Salbitano, F., Dirou, S., Nkoua, M. 2012. Contribution of woodfuel to meet the energy needs of the population of Central Africa: prospects for sustainable management of available resources. In de Wasseige, C., de Marcken, P., Bayol, N., Hiol Hiol, F., Mayaux, Ph., Desclée, B., Nasi, R., Billand, A., Defourny, P., Eba’a, R. (eds.) The forest of the Congo Basin – state of the forest 2010, 109–122. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg. 19 CRP performance monitoring report 2012

Ingram, V., Tieguhong, J.C. 2012. Bars to jars: bamboo value chains in Cameroon. AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment (2012):1–14. Muafor, F.J., Levang, P. Angwafo, T.E., Le Gall, P. 2012. Making a living with forest insects: beetles as an income source in Southwest Cameroon. International Forestry Review 14(3):314–325. Schure, J., Ingram, V., Sakho-Jimbira, M.S., Levang, P., Freerk Wiersum, K. 2012. Formalisation of charcoal value chains and livelihood outcomes in Central- and West Africa. Energy for Sustainable Development doi: 10.1016/j.esd.2012.07.002.

The following guide and report have also been published: Awono, A., Ingram, V., Schure, J., Levang, P. 2012. Guide for small and medium enterprises in the sustainable non-timber forest product trade in Central Africa. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. Nnama A., Awono A., Endezoumou, G.B. 2013. Impacts des activités d’exploitation de l’okok dans les ménages paysans du Cameroun. CIFOR, Yaoundé.

Additional studies on value chains related to bolaina (Guazuma crinita C. Martius) and quinilla (Manilkara bidentata) in Peru and pigüe (Pollalesta discolor) and donsel (Virola sebifera) in Ecuador were carried out in 2012; synthesis reports are currently under review prior to publication.

An interdepartmental study of charcoal value chains and trade between Ucayali and Lima, Peru, was completed in 2012; the synthesis report is in preparation for submission to a peer-reviewed journal.

Analysis of furniture value chains Fauzan, A.U., Purnomo, H. 2012. Uncovering the complexity: an essay on the in Indonesia benefits of the value chain approach to global crisis studies – a case study from Jepara, Indonesia. In Suter, C., Herkenrath, M. (eds.) World society in the global economic crisis, 149–169. Lit Verlag, Munster, Westphalia. Purnomo, H., Irawati, R.H., Wulandari, R. 2011. Kesiapan produsen mebel di jepara dalam menghadapi Sertifikasi Ekolabel. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika XVII(3):127–134. Output 6.1.2.3 Guidelines for improving quality assurance systems developed

Guidelines for evaluating the Donovan, J., Stoian, D. 2012. 5 capitals: a tool for assessing the poverty impacts poverty impact of value chain of value chain development. CATIE, Turialba, Costa Rica. approaches developed Donovan, J., Stoian, D. 2012. 5 capitales: una herramienta para evaluar los impactos del desarrollo de cadenas de valor sobre la pobreza. CATIE, Turialba, Costa Rica. Stoian, D., Donovan, J., Fisk, J., Muldoon, M.F. 2012. Value chain development for rural poverty reduction: a reality check and a warning. Enterprise Development and Microfinance 23(1):54–69. A synthesis of lessons learned on tool design and validation from 10 case studies is underway.

Outcome: Government and NGO extension providers and the private input supply sector use more effective means to disseminate agroforestry options

Output 6.1.2.4 Decision support frameworks for designing extension approaches for agroforestry interventions developed

Effectiveness of farmer trainers Kiptot, E., Franzel, S. 2012. Effectiveness of the farmer trainers approach in program in East Africa on dissemination of livestock feed technologies: a survey of volunteer farmer trainers in Kenya. East African Dairy Development Project. 20 CRP performance monitoring report 2012 spreading knowledge, and Policy brief published: promoting innovations and Kiptot, E., Franzel, S., Kirui, J. 2012. Volunteer farmer trainers: improving capacity to innovate assessed. smallholder farmers’ access to information for a stronger dairy sector. World Agroforestry Centre Policy Brief No. 13, World Agroforestry Centre, Nairobi. Journal article submitted to Agriculture and Human Values for publication: Kiptot, E., Franzel, S. Voluntarism as an investment in human, social and financial capital: evidence from a farmer-to-farmer extension program in Kenya. Journal article submitted to Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension for publication: Kiptot, E., Franzel, S. Improving smallholder farmers’ access to information: are volunteer farmer trainers up to the challenge? Pilot rural resource centers Six rural resource centers established and fully operational in Cameroon established for trainers and Thirteen rural resource centers established but still under development in DRC providing production and marketing services to farmers. Project completion report: ICRAF-WCA/HT. 2013. Promoting rural innovation through participatory tree domestication in West and Central Africa. Project Completion Report 2009– 2011. IFAD TA grant no. 1058-ICRAF. Yaoundé. Seed and seedling systems Takoutsing, B., Degrande, A., Tchoundjeu, Z., Asaah, E., Tsobeng, A. 2012. assessed for both high-value and Enhancing farmers’ access to quality planting materials through community- high-volume species based seed and seedling systems: experiences from the Western Highlands of Cameroon. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 12(4):455–463. Degrande, A., Tadjo, P., Takoutsing, B., Asaah, E., Tsobeng, A., Tchoundjeu, Z. 2012. Getting trees into farmers’ fields: success of rural nurseries in distributing high quality planting material in Cameroon. Agronomy Journal 104(6):1558–1568.

Draft completed: Wambugu, C., Franzel, S. The emergence of sustainable tree seed supply systems: the case of Calliandra calothyrsus in Kenya. Tchounji Dingues, G. 2012. Une analyse de la filière plants améliorés d’arbres fruitiers dans le Grand-Sud Cameroun. Mémoire de fin d’étude présenté pour l’obtention du diplôme d’Ingenieur Agronome. Université de Dschang, Cameroon. He, J., Yang, H., Jamnadass, R., Xu, J., Yongping, Y. 2012. Decentralization of tree seedling supply systems for afforestation in the West of Yunnan Province, China. Small-scale Forestry 11(2):147–166.

Assessment of multiplication technologies for cacao (Bioversity) Latin America, Africa, Asia – Brigitte Laliberte Research carried out in 2012 in collaboration with experts served as the basis for the development and assessment of cacao propagation strategies for providing farmers with quality planting material, adapted to each country’s specific conditions and needs. A small team of consultants/experts from the cocoa breeding/propagation field, coordinated by Bioversity International, carried out the following tasks: (1) compiled relevant scientific background material on each of the propagation methodologies (technical, genetic, plant health, economic, situational); (2) reviewed the advantages and constraints, including current supply constraints of each of the propagation methodologies; and (3) developed a costing template and scenarios for the methodologies.

21 CRP performance monitoring report 2012

The consultants/experts developed separate technical reports in the area of their expertise with regard to the main propagation techniques. These reports constitute the background review for each technique. The consultants’ reports were finalized in December 2012.1 In the next phase, a broader group of experts will review a synthesized report and the technical findings and provide input to the synthesis reports. Theme 6.1.3 Improving policies and institutions to enhance social assets and secure rights to forests, trees and land

Outcome National and local institutions develop, implement and negotiate policies, legislation and regulatory norms that remove barriers to tree retention and use in agricultural and forest margin landscapes and encourage their contribution to rural livelihoods

Output 6.1.3.1 Review of policies, laws and regulations affecting smallholder and community access and use of forest and tree resources

Analysis of forest tenure mosaics Substantial analysis of Ecuador and Peru cases has been completed and is in Amazon under review by national partners. Analysis of gender-relevant laws Mukasa, C., Tibazalika, A., Mango, A., Nabirye Muloki, H. 2012. Gender and and policies in community forestry in Uganda: policy, legal and institutional frameworks. CIFOR Infobrief forestry No. 53. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. Banana, A.Y., Bukenya, M., Arinaitwe, E., Birabwa, B., Ssekindi, S. 2012. Gender, tenure and community forests in Uganda. CIFOR Infobrief No. 50. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. Mairena, E., Lorio, G., Hernández, X., Wilson, C., Müller, P., Larson, A.M. 2012. Gender and forests in Nicaragua’s indigenous territories: from national policy to local practice. Working Paper 95. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. Also in Spanish. Mairena, E., Lorio, G., Hernández, X., Wilson, C., Müller, P., Larson, A.M. 2012. Gender and forests in Nicaragua’s autonomous regions: legal architecture. CIFOR Infobrief No. 55. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. Recommendation for policies for Schure, J., Ingram, V., Sakho-Jimbira, M.S., Levang, P., Freerk Wiersum, K. sustainable fuelwood production 2012. Formalisation of charcoal value chains and livelihood outcomes in in DRC Central- and West Africa. Energy for Sustainable Development doi: 10.1016/j.esd.2012.07.002 Dubiez, E., Vermeulen, C., Peltier, R., Ingram, V., Schure, J., Marien, J.N. 2012. Managing forest resources to secure wood energy supply for urban centers: the case of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. Nature and Faune 26(2):52–57. Dubiez, E., Vermeulen, C., Peltier, R., Ingram, V., Schure, J., Marien, J.N. 2012. Gérer la ressource forestière pour sécuriser l’approvisionnement en bois énergie des centres urbains, le cas de la capitale Kinshasa en République Démocratique du Congo. Nature and Faune 26(2):52–57. Analysis of oil palm development The following brief/working paper has been published in English and in French in Cameroon (available online: http://www.cifor.org/online-library/browse/view- publication/publication/3793.html): Hoyle, D., Levang, P. 2012. Oil palm development in Cameroon. An ad hoc working paper prepared by David Hoyle (WWF) and Patrice Levang (IRD/CIFOR). Hoyle, D., Levang, P. 2012. Le développement du palmier à huile au Cameroun. Document de travail préparé par David Hoyle (WWF) et Patrice Levang (IRD/CIFOR).

1 The three reports (6124-Maximova-Guiltinan; 6124-SenaGomesSodre; 6124-Lockwood) have been shared via Dropbox.

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Analysis of small-scale furniture The following book was published (in Indonesian; a discussion of policy is production policy contained among its several chapters): Irawati, R.H., Purnomo, H. 2012. Pelangi di Tanah Kartini: Kisah aktor mebel Jepara bertahan dan melangkah ke depan [Rainbow in Kartini’s land]. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. http://www.cifor.org/online-library/browse/view- publication/publication/3860.html Analysis of policy constraints to The compilation of analyses from India, Malawi, Brazil and Kenya was agroforestry completed in August 2012. Analyses from additional countries (e.g. Peru, Indonesia, China) not planned in 2011 were also completed. Agroforestry guidelines for policy Global guidelines completed in November 2012 were officially launched by makers FAO in February 2013.

Cameroon and DRC: Foundjem-Tita, D., Tchoundjeu, Z., Speelman, S., D’Haese, M., Degrande, A., Asaah, E., Van Huylenbroeck, G., Van Damme, P., Ndoye, O. 2012. Policy and legal frameworks governing trees: incentives or disincentives for smallholder tree planting decisions in Cameroon? Small-Scale Forestry doi 10.1007/s11842-012-9225-z.

Four policy briefs: Foundjem-Tita, D., Degrande, A., Tchoundjeu, Z. 2012. Cameroon in need of a coordinated agroforestry strategy and program. Policy Brief No. 1. Series ‘Agroforestry and Institutions’. World Agroforestry Centre, Yaoundé. Dkamela, G.P., Degrande, A. 2012. Agroforesterie et institutions: conditions de production, de plantation, d’accès et de contrôle de l’arbre en RDC. Note Politique nr 1. ‘Série sur ‘L’Agroforesterie et les Institutions’. World Agroforestry Centre, Yaoundé. Dkamela, G.P., Degrande, A. 2012. Agroforesterie et institutions: mesures relatives à la récolte, la post-récolte et au développement des marchés en RDC. Note Politique nr 2. Série sur ‘L’Agroforesterie et les Institutions’. World Agroforestry Centre, Yaoundé. Dkamela, G.P., Degrande, A. 2012. Agroforesterie et institutions: besoins de mise en cohérence des politiques et de coordination des actions en RDC. Note Politique nr 3. Série sur ‘L’Agroforesterie et les Institutions’. World Agroforestry Centre, Yaoundé. Analysis of rights systems for Work on a framework is underway, but the consultant responsible did not managing trees on landscapes provide the output in 2012 as agreed. Constraints to certified fruit and Standards for agroforestry tree seed still to be developed as a working paper tree crop production identified Main obstacles and A discussion on constraints forms part of the following reports. opportunities in current national Chanyenga, T. 2013. Agroforestry tree seed and seedling quality: potential policies and legislation for legislative inputs in the current Malawi Seed Act. sustainable delivery of quality Foundjem-Tita, D., Tchoundjeu, Z., Speelman, S., D’Haese, M., Degrande, A., fruit tree germplasm to Asaah, E., Van Huylenbroeck, G., Van Damme, P., Ndoye, O. 2012. Policy and smallholder farmers identified; legal frameworks governing trees: incentives or disincentives for smallholder tree planting decisions in Cameroon? Small-Scale Forestry doi 10.1007/s11842-012-9225-z. Guidelines developed for Guidelines also form part of the reports cited above: conducive policies to support Chanyenga, T. 2013. Agroforestry tree seed and seedling quality: potential small-scale commercial seed and legislative inputs in the current Malawi Seed Act. seedling producers, public Foundjem-Tita, D., Tchoundjeu, Z., Speelman, S., D’Haese, M., Degrande, A., sector, NGOs and other Asaah, E., Van Huylenbroeck, G., Van Damme, P., Ndoye, O. 2012. Policy and developmental agencies involved legal frameworks governing trees: incentives or disincentives for smallholder in dissemination of planting tree planting decisions in Cameroon? Small-Scale Forestry doi materials. 10.1007/s11842-012-9225-z. 23 CRP performance monitoring report 2012

Output 6.1.3.2 Frameworks and tools developed to support negotiating use of land and trees across differing knowledge systems

Local and global scientific Cerdán, C.R., Soto, G., Rapidel, B., Lamond, G., Sinclair, F.L. 2012. Farmers’ knowledge combined to knowledge regarding trade-offs between production and conservation in promote tree diversity in coffee coffee plantations. Submitted to Agroforestry Systems. agroforestry systems Methods for collecting and New procedure in R written and applied to datasets from Kenya, Rwanda and collating local knowledge about Uganda: tree attributes developed and Fairbanks, H.E., Mwanzia, L., Coe, R., Gassner, A. 2012. Using R for the analysis tested of ranked data: the RankAnalysis Package. Software and manual. Lamond, G. et al. 2012. Local knowledge about tree attributes in coffee agroforestry systems in Kenya (unpublished manuscript). Smith, E. et al. 2012. Local knowledge about tree attributes in coffee agroforestry systems in Rwanda (unpublished manuscript). Kuria, A. et al. 2012. Local knowledge about tree attributes in coffee agroforestry systems in Uganda (unpublished manuscript). General methods for collecting tree attributes affecting soil quality have been set out in a new publication: InPaC-S. 2012. Participatory knowledge integration on indicators of soil quality – methodological guide. World Agroforestry Centre, Embrapa, CIAT. Workshop was conducted in Nampula, Mozambique, using the InPaC-S Methodological Guide to build capacity of IIAM researchers and their partners in extension, universities and local government. Output 6.1.3.3 Syntheses of case studies on constraints, barriers and access rights

Analysis of problems and Journal special issue published: opportunities of forest tenure Larson, A., Ram Dahal, G. (eds.). 2012. SPECIAL ISSUE: Forest Tenure Reforms, reforms for smallholders and Conservation and Society 10(2) (11 articles total) communities http://www.conservationandsociety.org/showBackIssue.asp?issn=0972- 4923;year=2012;volume=10;issue=2;month=April-June Analysis of governance Larson, A.M., Soto, G. (eds.). 2012. Territorialidad y gobernanza: Tejiendo challenges and opportunities in Retos en los Territorios Indigenas de la RAAN. Nitlapan, CADPI, URACCAN, newly formed and/or titled Managua. indigenous territories Larson, A.M., Lewis-Mendoza, J. 2012. Decentralisation and devolution in Nicaragua’s North Atlantic autonomous region: natural resources and indigenous peoples’ rights. International Journal of the Commons 6(2):179– 199. Analyses of barriers to Occasional paper produced. management of tree cover in landscapes in the Sahel A global synthesis on seed and Pye-Smith, C. 2012. Falling by the wayside: improving the availability of high- seedling supply systems for AF quality tree seeds and seedlings would benefit hundreds of millions of small- species scale farmers. ICRAF Trees for Change No. 11. World Agroforestry Centre, Nairobi. Output 6.1.3.4 Impact model developed and tested

Explicit statements of a) theory IDOs and cascading developed for CRP6.1. CRP6 document available. Baselines of change in the impact model were undertaken where planned (Côte d’Ivoire, Rwanda). Datasets available. for the component and b) Ex post assessments conducted in Malawi and Cameroon. Pipeline for baseline characterisation of outcome and impact studies formulated. contexts where it will be tested

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Component 6.2: Management and conservation of forest and tree resources Theme 6.2.1 Understanding the threats to populations of important tree species and formulating effective, efficient and equitable genetic conservation strategies

Outcome: Decision makers at the local, national and international levels adopt effective portfolios of strategies and gender- sensitive guidelines for conservation and sustainable use of genetic resources of priority tree species to meet the needs of men and women stakeholders

Output 6.2.1.1 Understanding the threats to populations of important tree species

Criteria for prioritizing tree Vegetation maps for 7 African countries – completed species based on value, status Kindt, R., van Breugel, P., Orwa, C., Lillesø, J.P.B., Jamnadass, R., Graudal, L. and threats 2012. Useful tree species for Eastern Africa: a species selection tool based on the VECEA map. Forest and Landscape, Denmark, and World Agroforestry Centre. http://vegetationmap4africa.org van Breugel, P., Kindt, R., Lillesø, J.P.B., Bingham, M., Demissew, S., Dudley, C., Friis, I., Gachathi, F., Kalema, J., Mbago, F., Moshi, H.N., Mulumba, J., Namaganda, M., Ruffo, C.K., Védaste, M., Jamnadass, R., Graudal, L. 2012. Potential natural vegetation map of Eastern Africa: interactive vegetation map for Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia. Version 1.1. Forest and Landscape, Denmark, and World Agroforestry Centre. http://vegetationmap4africa.org Chapter on species prioritization in tree domestication manual – completed Franzel, S., Kindt, R. 2012. Species priority setting procedures. In Dawson, I., Harwood, C., Jamnadass, R., Beniest, J. (eds). Agroforestry tree domestication: a primer, 36–45. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Nairobi. http://www.worldagroforestry.org/downloads/publications/PDFs/TM17346.P DF Knowledge generated and disseminated about use of food tree species in Africa during food shortage times; the relationship to health of young children; and threats to the important tree species – In West Africa, observation data were compiled and georeferenced and potential distribution maps were created for priority fruit tree species identified through household surveys. Within the project titled “Threats to priority food tree species in Burkina Faso: drivers of resource losses and mitigation measures”, contributions were made, in collaboration with Roeland Kindt at ICRAF, to map distribution and threats to high-priority species in Burkina Faso, and a workshop was held. Country reports for Benin, Burkina Faso, Mali, Madagascar and Togo on the results of the survey on the use of food tree species have been prepared. Datasets on local informants’ perception of threats to food tree species for Benin, Burkina Faso, Mali, Madagascar, Niger and Togo have been harmonized and are ready for statistical analysis. A first draft of a paper on this study will be ready in early 2013. Atlas of distribution and threats to at least 50 neotropical forest tree species (2013) Web-based atlas of distribution and threats to 100 neotropical forest tree species (MAPFORGEN) is in review.

Three scientific articles and an online manual related to this work are published or in press:

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van Zonneveld, M., Scheldeman, X., Escribano, P., Viruel, M.A., Van Damme, P., Garcia, W., Tapia, C., Romero, J., Siguieñas, M., Hormaza, J.I. 2012. Mapping genetic diversity of cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.): application of spatial analysis for conservation and use of plant genetic resources. PLoS ONE 7(1):e29845. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0029845 Thomas, E., van Zonneveld, M., Loo, J., Hodgkin, T., Galluzzi, G., van Etten, J. 2012. Present spatial diversity patterns of Theobroma cacao L. in the neotropics reflect genetic differentiation in pleistocene refugia followed by human-influenced dispersal. PLoS ONE 7(10):e47676. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0047676 Soldati, M.C., Fornes, L., van Zonneveld, M., Thomas, E., Zelener, N. 2013. An assessment of the genetic diversity of Cedrela balansae C. DC. (Meliaceae) in Northwestern Argentina by means of combined use of SSR and AFLP molecular markers. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 47:45–55. Scheldeman, X., van Zonneveld, M. 2012 Manuel de formation à l’analyse spatiale de la diversité et de la distribution des plantes. http://www.bioversityinternational.org/fileadmin/bioversity/ publications/pdfs/Manuel_de_formation_%C3%A0_l%E2%80% 99analyse_spatiale_de_la_diversit%C3%A9_et_de_la_distribution _des_plantes.pdf Knowledge for prioritizing Assessment of the cacao and coconut genetic diversity in the wild, in situ, on threatened cacao and coconut farm and ex situ, identification of threats (pest, diseases, climate change, diversity in situ, on farm and ex socio-economic etc.) and of gaps for priority collecting and conservation. situ for conservation (2015)2 (2015)

Assessment of the PNG International Coconut Genebank threatened by a new lethal disease The International Coconut Genebank for the Pacific region (Papua New Guinea) is threatened by a new disease called Bogia Syndrome and must be moved. The genebank was visited by the COGENT Coordinator and a CIRAD Phytopathologist in order (a) to address the constraints, propose solutions for reallocation in the genebank in PNG and at international level, and (b) to refine the global strategy regarding the number and localization of international coconut genebanks. Report in preparation.

Dynamics of coconut genetic resources in the Pacific Region. Surveys on coconut genetic resources conducted in 27 islands of the Pacific region were analyzed in a book chapter (in press3). A diachronic approach shows that, between 1830 and 1930, the number of coconut palms increased exponentially but the varieties mixed and the related traditional knowledge dwindled because of the sharp reduction in the population. Traditional coconut varieties and associated knowledge continue to disappear. Decision- makers at the local, national and international levels should adopt effective portfolios of strategies and gender-sensitive guidelines to ensure both the effective conservation of coconut genetic resources and associated knowledge, and the availability of diversified planting material for replanting programs.

2 Source: 2013–2015 Operational Plan; however, the placement of this work – Theme 1 or Theme 2 within Component 2 - will be evaluated 3 See 6211 – Bourdeix_etal shared via Dropbox 26 CRP performance monitoring report 2012

Output 6.2.1.2 Effective, efficient and equitable genetic conservation strategies

Conservation and sustainable Guidelines for management of genetic resources of two important management guidelines and Dipterocarp species in Malaysia developed and made available. strategies for priority species Draft guidelines prepared for forestry officials with MARDI (Malaysian Agriculture and Development Institute)

Article drafted, not yet submitted for publication: Jalonen, R. et al. Maintaining genetically viable populations of harvested timber species in managed tropical forests of Asia: current knowledge and research needs.

Guidelines for conservation and sustainable management of Prunus africana for local distribution. Publications: Article revised and resubmitted for publication in PLoS ONE: Vinceti, B. et al. Conservation priorities for Prunus africana defined with the aid of spatial analysis of genetic data and climatic variables. Kadu, C.A.C., Parish, A., Schueler, S., Konrad, H., Muluvi, G.M., Eyog-Matig, O., Muchugi, A., Williams, V.L., Ramamonjisoa, L., Kapinga, C. et al. 2012. Bioactive constituents in Prunus africana: geographical variation throughout Africa and associations with environmental and genetic parameters. Phytochemistry 83:70–78. Loo, J. 2012. Manual de genética de la conservación. CONAFOR, Jalisco, Mexico. http://www.mexicoforestal.gob.mx/files/Genetica.pdf Dawson, I.K., Guariguata, M.R., Loo, J., Weber, J.C., Lengleek, A., Bush, B., Cornelius, J., Guarino, L., Kindt, R., Orwa, C. et al. 2013. What is the relevance of smallholders’ agroforestry systems for conserving tropical tree species and genetic diversity in circa situm, in situ and ex situ settings? A review. Biodiversity Conservation 22:301–324.

Evaluation of different Publication contributing to output target: approaches to conservation and Sthapit, B., Subedi, A., Jarvis, D., Lamers, H., Rao, V.R., Reddy, B.M.C. 2012. their complementarity. (2013) Community based approach to on-farm conservation and sustainable use of agricultural biodiversity in Asia. Indian Journal Plant Genetic Resources 25(1):97–1104

Output 6.2.1.3 Capacity strengthened, awareness increased

Education materials, training, ASO Fellow and at least one graduate student selected and mentored. and mentoring 2011 ASO Fellowship was awarded to a scientist from Swaziland. The Fellow successfully submitted the final report, which focused on mapping the distribution and conservation status in Swaziland of a very important medicinal tree species, Warburgia salutaris

2012 ASO fellowship awarded to scientist in Ethiopia underway, with Bioversity co-supervising and providing guidance in defining the methodological protocol MSc Fellow from Reading University studying forest genetic resource education, co-supervised by Bioversity (ongoing)

4 Co-produced with CRP Water, Land and Ecosystems 27 CRP performance monitoring report 2012

At least two short courses using FGR Training Guide and/or GIS training for analyzing and visualizing status and threats to genetic diversity. GIS Training in Guatemala, October 2012 Training in China did not take place in 2012; planned for 2013 Presentation was given on FGR training guide at Fornassa Conference, in Technical Session F-1 Education, Training and Capacity Building, 28 June 2012

Three background thematic studies for the FAO State of the World’s Forest Genetic Resources reports – completed Drafts submitted: Graudal, L., Loo, J., Fady, B., Vendramin, G., Aravanopoulos, F.A., Baldinelli, G., Bennadji, Z., Ramamonjisoa, L., Kjaer, K.D. Indicators of forest genetic diversity, erosion and vulnerability. Thematic Study 1: State of the world’s forest genetic resources 2013 (submitted to FAO) Alfaro, R., Fady, B., Vendramin, G.G., Dawson, I., Fleming, R.A., Sáenz-Romero, C., Lindig-Cisneros, R., Murdock, T., Vinceti, B., Navarro, C.M., Skrøppa, T., Baldinelli, G., El-Kassaby, Y.A., Loo, J. Role of forest genetic resources in adaptation to biotic and abiotic factors in a changing climate. Thematic Study 5 (submitted to FAO) Bozzano, M., Jalonen, R., Thomas, E., Boshier, D., Gallo, L., Cavers, S., Bordács, S., Smith, P., Loo, J. Genetic considerations in ecosystem restoration using native tree species. Thematic Study 10 (submitted to FAO) In addition, a regional synthesis of SOW-FGR in Asia has been prepared and a regional synthesis for Central Africa is underway.

One case study and one module completed in the FGR Training Guide. One case study and one module have been completed for the FGR training guide: Boshier, D., Bozzano, M., Loo, J., Rudebjer, P. (eds.) Module 1: 1.1 Leucaena salvadorensis: genetic variation and conservation; 1.2 Talbotiella gentii: genetic variation and conservation; 1.3 Shorea lumutensis: genetic variation and conservation [includes case study with student exercises, teachers notes, PowerPoint and video for each] Module 2: 2.1 Conservation of tree species diversity in cocoa agroforests in Nigeria; 2.2 Devising options for conservation of two tree species outside of forests. Translation of module 1 to Chinese is underway Methodology and draft of student version prepared for one case study on Prunus Africana.

Addressing capacity gaps in FGR Video guidelines on coconut controlled pollination and evaluation for conservation, management and building capacity of key partners in conservation (2014) gender issues (2014) 5 Progress in making the videos included buying equipment, recruiting student and professional video makers, writing scenarios and shooting footage in seven countries (Côte d’Ivoire, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Samoa and Sri Lanka). Five movies initiated.

Theme 6.2.2 Conserving and characterising high quality germplasm of high value tree species in the forest to farm gradient

5 Source: 2013–2015 Operational Plan 28 CRP performance monitoring report 2012

Outcome: Local stakeholders (male and female farmers, private enterprise, NGOs and CBOs) become more involved in supplying quality germplasm (seeds, seedlings, clones)

Outcome: International, national development partners support local germplasm supply systems by facilitating foundation germplasm, knowledge training and market linkages.

Outcome: Male and female farmers cultivate more diversified, adapted profitable tree crops (conservation through use)

Output 6.2.2.1 Characterising germplasm

Systematic characterization of Indicator: EST-SSR markers availed for 10 high-value African agroforestry agroforestry germplasm species (2012) – in progress implemented A beta version of a database of DNA sequence and genetic marker data for 24 tropical tree species is now available online for project participants. However, sequences remain to be verified before the database can be released to other researchers. This release (forecast for July 2013) will be accompanied by a scientific paper currently in the draft stage (first author: Ian K. Dawson).

A cadre of post graduate students trained on germplasm (diversity, nutritional, phenotypic, genotypic and socio-economic) (2013) – in progress

A systematic review of bottlenecks to mango germplasm production published (2012) – in progress. A draft paper has been produced and will be submitted in 2013 (Sileshi Weldesemayat)

Studies on Uapaca seeds derived from marcots, grafts and top-worked trees evaluated (2012) – in progress (Betserai I. Nyoka)

Inventory of cacao ex situ collections germplasm and assessment of status and needs A detailed survey was conducted in 2012 with over 50 holders of cacao germplasm collections worldwide to establish a better understanding of the status of collections, materials conserved and urgent needs, including for characterization and evaluation. Information on the specific cacao collections and the results of the survey are included in the Global Strategy for the Conservation and Use of Cacao Genetic Resources and can be downloaded from www.cacaonet.org.

Output 6.2.2.2 Conserving germplasm

Global long term GR Global cacao and coconut (updated) conservation strategy available conservation strategy for tree Global Strategy for the Conservation and Use of Cacao Genetic Resources crop GR agreed upon by global The Global Strategy for the Conservation and Use of Cacao Genetic Resources community was published in 2012. The Global Strategy, developed by the Global Network for Cacao Genetic Resources (CacaoNet) and coordinated by Bioversity International, is the result of a consultation process that drew upon the global cocoa community’s expertise in all aspects of cacao genetic resources. It provides a clear framework to secure funding for the most urgent needs to ensure that cacao diversity is conserved and used and provides direct benefits to the millions of small-scale cacao farmers around the world. The full publication and booklet are available for download from www.cacaonet.org.

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Global Strategy for the Conservation and Use of Coconut Genetic Resources (planned in 2013) Strategy updating began in 2012. The first COGENT Steering Committee meeting in five years was held in India in July 2012. It developed and endorsed 10 major international recommendations, providing a substantial basis for the Global Strategy. The network organization was improved (http://www.cogentnetwork.org). Direct interviews with stakeholders were conducted in eight countries (Côte d’Ivoire, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Samoa and Sri Lanka), hosting four international genebanks, and at two other international meetings on coconuts (COCOTECH APCC in India and ACIAR Coconut R&D meeting in Samoa). An electronic survey was also conducted for more effective organization of COGENT.

Genebank accessions held in Additional species provided for the Svalbard and Kunming genebanks Svalbard and Kunming expanded holding over 300 orthodox species

A collection of 270 accessions representing 70 agroforestry species was dispatched to Kunming in February 2012.

However, funding for these activities was provided by the CGIAR Genebank fund, and not through CRP6.2. Local knowledge with application Appraisal reports on status of natural resources produced (2013) for rapid assessment of status of natural resources to be used to Following staff changes in Latin America, it is not clear what this activity monitoring conservation exactly entailed. During 2012, ICRAF has been re-evaluating priorities in Latin program or other conservation America, partly because of nearly 100% staff turnover and partly because of issues in buffer zone of strengthening of capacity in agroforestry genetic resources and protected areas in Latin domestication, which will result in refreshed research priorities (Jonathan American regions. Cornelius).

This indicator needs to be removed Ex situ tree crop collections List of priority accessions in ex-situ collections available (cacao 2012, secured in line with Global coconut 2013) Strategy (2014) A considerable portion of cacao genetic diversity is in situ, in farmers’ fields and held in many genebanks around the world, including two international collections maintained at the Cocoa Research Unit of the University of the West Indies (CRU/UWI), Trinidad and Tobago, and at the Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE), Costa Rica. At the center of the Global Strategy is the Global Strategic Cacao Collection (GSCC): a “virtual collection” of accessions of highest priority for conservation, wherever they are physically located. The first set of accessions has been identified and selected to capture the greatest range of genetic (allelic) richness, reducing any bias that might be introduced by selecting phenotypic characters. Details of the GSCC and the priority list of accessions are in the Global Strategy, which can be downloaded from the CacaoNet website: www.cacaonet.org. Output 6.2.2.3 Access to germplasm

Accessible seed and seedlings Founder seed populations collected, procured, evaluated and disseminated; systems promoted quality fruit tree scions made available to community/ individual fruit tree nurseries (2012)

30 CRP performance monitoring report 2012

Methodologies for multiplication and stockplant management for priority species developed and propagation manuals produced (2012)

Rural Resource Centres as a sustainable model of improved seed and seedling supply systems for agroforestry tree species in WCA described (2012) For all three above, manuscripts (by Asaah et al.) are in preparation and will be submitted for publication in 2013.

Global seed/seedling directory for major AF species updated (2013) Questionnaire developed with inputs from colleagues at Kew Botanical Gardens (Millennium Seed Bank) and available online (see Publications for link).

Handbook of best practices for seedling production for Amazonian agroforestry fruit tree species (2013) Following staff changes in Latin America, it is not clear what this activity exactly entailed. During 2012, ICRAF has been re-evaluating priorities in Latin America, partly because of nearly 100% staff turnover and partly because of strengthening of capacity in agroforestry genetic resources and domestication, which will result in refreshed research priorities (Jonathan Cornelius).

This indicator needs to be removed

Methodologies for seed germination of difficult species improved, documented and disseminated for priority agroforestry tree species (2013) Following staff changes in Latin America, it is not clear what this activity exactly entailed. During 2012, ICRAF has been re-evaluating priorities in Latin America, partly because of nearly 100% staff turnover and partly because of strengthening of capacity in agroforestry genetic resources and domestication, which will result in refreshed research priorities (Jonathan Cornelius).

This indicator needs to be removed Systems and procedures for tree New Safe Movement Guidelines in cacao broadly available (2012) crops germplasm sharing The CacaoNet Safe Movement Guidelines revised in 2010 were compiled developed (2014) under the auspices of CacaoNet with the aim of including descriptions of a much more extensive range of pests and diseases, up-to-date information on all the pests and diseases featured and additional information on quarantine measures. The guidelines were published on CD and distributed during the COPAL conference in October 2012. The guidelines are available on the CacaoNet (www.cacaonet.org) and Bioversity websites. Technical guidelines for the safe movement and duplication of Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) germplasm using embryo culture transfer protocols Final draft submitted to TRUST in December 2012 for final review, with formal publication expected in early 2013. This is the main output of TRUST grant work to validate and apply an adapted protocol to provide users with an up- to-date, reliable method for effectively transferring coconut germplasm. This grant work concluded in February 2012 (also reported in 6223). http://www.cogentnetwork.org/images/publications/tg- coconutembryotransfer.pdf

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Theme 6.2.3 Developing improved silvicultural and monitoring practices for multiple use management of forest ecosystems

Outcome: Managers, forest owners and other decision makers incorporate tools and guidelines that reconcile the needs and views of different stakeholders, including both women and men, for the provision of multiple forest goods and services

Outcome: Managers, farmers, and other decision makers adopt tools, guidelines and decision support systems for the rehabilitation and/or restoration of trees and forest cover that address the needs and views of men and women

Outcome: Managers, forest owners, farmers and other decision makers develop and adopt tools, improved policies and legal frameworks on forest harvesting that address the economic needs of forest-dependent men and women while minimizing negative environmental impacts

Output 6.2.3.1 Improved management practices and monitoring methods for multiple use of forest ecosystems

Status and trends described for Publication of the "Congo Basin, State of the Forests 2010" and associated (deforestation, management, interactive website along with scientific publications (articles, MSc and PhD informal sector, NTFPs, dissertations). contribution to livelihoods) of The forests of the Congo Basin – state of the forest 2010 (2012). Publications forests and forestry in the Congo Office of the European Union, Luxembourg Basin http://www.cifor.org/online-library/browse/view- publication/publication/3754.html Scientific update on critical Special Issue in international journal. issues on multiple forest use in the tropics Special Issue in Forest Ecology and Management (vol. 268, pp. 1–120) on “Multiple Use of Tropical Production Forests: From Concept to Reality” comprising a total of 11 papers: 1. Guariguata, M.R., Sist, P., Nasi, R. 2012. Multiple-use management of tropical production forests: how can we move from concept to reality? Forest Ecology and Management 268:1–5. 2. Shanley, P., da Serra Silva, M., Melo,T., Carmenta, R., Nasi, R. 2012. From conflict of use to multiple uses: forest management innovations by small holders in Amazonian logging frontiers. Forest Ecology and Management 268:70–80. 3. Nasi, R., Vanvliet, N., Billand, A. 2012. Managing for timber and biodiversity in the Congo Basin. Forest Ecology and Management 268:103–111. 4. Rist, L., Sunderland, T., Sheil, D., Ndoye, O., Liswanti, N., Tieguhong, J., Shanley, P. 2012. The impacts of selective logging on non-timber forest products of livelihood importance. Forest Ecology and Management 268:57– 69. 5. Baur, E.H., McNab, R.B., Williams Jr., L.E., Ramos, V.H., Radachowsky, J., Guariguata, M.R. 2012. Multiple forest use through commercial sport hunting: lessons from a community-based model from the Petén, Guatemala. Forest Ecology and Management 268:112–120. 6. Porter-Bolland, L., Ellis, E., Guariguata, M.R., Ruiz-Mallén, I., Negrete- Yankelevich, S., Reyes-García, V. 2012. Community managed forests and forest protected areas: an assessment of their conservation effectiveness across the tropics. Forest Ecology and Management 268:6–17. 7. Cronkleton, P., Guariguata, M.R., Albornoz, M.A. 2012. Multiple use forestry planning: timber and Brazil nut management in the community forests of northern Bolivia. Forest Ecology and Management 268:49–56. 8. Duchelle, A.E., Guariguata, M.R., Less, G., Albornoz, M.A., Chavez, A., Melo, T. 2012. Evaluating the opportunities and limitations to multiple use of Brazil

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nuts and timber in Western Amazonia. Forest Ecology and Management 268:39–48. 9. Klimas, C. A., Kainer, K.A., de Oliveira Wadt, L.H. 2012. The economic value of sustainable seed and timber harvests of multi-use species: an example using Carapa guianensis. Forest Ecology and Management 268:81–91. 10. Radachowsky, J., Ramos, V.H., McNab, R.,Baur, E.H., Kazakov, N. 2012. Forest concessions in the Maya Biosphere Reserve, Guatemala: a decade later. Forest Ecology and Management 268:18–28. 11. Soriano, M., Kainer, K.A., Staudhammer, C., Soriano, E. 2012. Implementing multiple forest management in Brazil nut-rich community forests: effects of logging on natural regeneration and forest disturbance. Forest Ecology and Management 268:92–102. Output 6.2.3.2 New approaches and technologies for restoring forest ecosystems and their goods and services

Policy options developed for Paper and policy brief on the implications of definitions of forest enhancing restoration of forest degradation for implementing restoration and rehabilitation activities. ecosystems and their goods and services Thompson, I., Guariguata, M.R., Okabe, K., Bahamondez, C., Nasi, R., Heymell, V., Sabogal, C. 2013. An operational framework for defining and monitoring forest degradation. Ecology and Society. In press.

Identification of best practices Paper - forest restoration methods that use native species evaluated for for restoration of forest genetic considerations. ecosystems and their multiple goods and services, including Book was prepared, rather than a paper, with first draft submitted: genetic, ecological and Bozzano, M., Jalonen, R., Thomas, E., Boshier, D., Gallo, L., Cavers, S., Bordács, silvicultural approaches S., Smith, P., Loo, J. Genetic considerations in ecosystem restoration using native tree species. Output 6.2.3.3 Impact assessment studies on research activities under all four themes

Output Target is blank. Impact assessment study initiated through baseline study on at least one project (Congo Basin Beyond Timber; Brazil nuts and Timber Peru) Baseline data have been gathered for a future impact study on the project “Sustaining Forest Resources for People and the Environment in the Niassa National Reserve in Mozambique”.

Theme 6.2.4: Developing tools and methods to resolve conflicts about distribution of benefits and resource rights in the use of forest and tree resources

Outcome: Women and Men in communities, local and national governments and companies use appropriate conflict resolution arrangements for the equitable management of forests and trees

Output 6.2.4.1 Developing tools and methods to resolve conflicts about distribution of benefits and resource rights in the use of forest and tree resources

Identification of property rights, Comparative article on conditions for creating and sustaining collective access regimes and related action for securing property rights in production forest management governance arrangements that Paper published: foster equitable and secure Ravikumar, A., Andersson, K., Mwangi, E., Guariguata, M.R., Nasi, R. 2012. access to production forests for Towards more equitable terms of cooperation: local people’s contribution to women, men and marginalized commercial timber concessions. International Forestry Review 14:157–176. groups.

33 CRP performance monitoring report 2012

Component 6.3: Landscape management for environmental services, biodiversity conservation and livelihoods Theme 6.3.1. Understanding patterns and drivers of forest (tree cover) transition in decline and restoration phases

Outcome: Tree cover and forest transitions are recognised by government agencies and in public debate as a basis for realistic land use and development planning and institutional reform of land use regulation.

Output 6.3.1.1. Empirical data sets of quantitative and qualitative tree cover transitions across major ecoclimatic zones

Oil palm and land use change A synthesis study for the RSPO working group on GHG emissions was patterns in Indonesia submitted for peer review in Dec 2012; generally positive reviews have just been received.

Two associated publications were published: Smith P, Davies CA, Ogle S, Zanchi G, Bellarby J, Bird N, Boddey RM, McNamara NP, Powlson D, Cowie A, van Noordwijk M, Davis SC, Richter DDEB, Kryzanowski L, van Wijk MT, Stuart J, Kirton A, Eggar D, Newton-Cross G, Adhya TK, Braimoh AK, 2012. Towards an integrated global framework to assess the impacts of land use and management change on soil carbon: current capability and future vision. Global Change Biology. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02689.x Davis SC, Boddey RM, Alves BJR, Cowie A, Davies C, George B, Ogle SM, Smith P, van Noordwijk M, van Wijk M, 2013. Management swing potential for bioenergy crops. GCB Bioenergy DOI: 10.1111/gcbb.12042 Meijaard, E. & Sheil, D. 2012. The dilemma of green business in tropical forests: how to protect what it cannot identify. Conservation Letters 5: 342-348. Sheil, D. et al. 2012. Do anthropogenic dark earths occur in the interior of Borneo? Some initial observations from East Kalimantan. Forests, 3: 207-229 Meijaard, E. & Sheil, D. 2012. Oil palm plantations in the context of biodiversity conservation. Chapter 340. Encyclopedia of Biodiversity, 2nd Edition Tree cover transitions in The SEA report for the tree cover transition is progressing. historical and regional context and inference on drivers Result from Vietnam were published: Dam VB and Dam XV. 2011. Driving forces of land-use change in Ngoc Phai commune, Cho Don district, Bac Kan province, Vietnam (1990-2005). Journal of science and technology. . : P. 1-14. Dam VB and Dam XV. 2011. Forest land-use change in Ngoc Phai commune, Cho Don district, Bac Kan province, Vietnam (1990-2005). Journal of science and technology. . : P. 1-6. Sassen, M. et al. 2013. Complex contexts and dynamic drivers: understanding four decades of forest loss and recovery in an East African protected area. Biological Conservation 159: 257-268. Bae, J.S. et al. 2012. Forest transition in South Korea: reality, path and drivers. Land Use Policy, 29: 198-207. Amazon information system (co- Beta versions of the remote sensing and climate databases have been funded by CRP5), a spatial compiled. Land cover transition maps for two study areas in the Amazon have database on time series remote been compiled. sensing data (LANDSAT, MODIS) 34 CRP performance monitoring report 2012 and biophysical datasets (climate, soil indicators) for the whole Amazon Basin

Land cover transition maps in selected study regions across the Amazon Basin Output 6.3.1.2. Empirical data on changes in spatial pattern of tree cover within landscapes in relation to segregation/integration of functions

Analysis of influence of Progress was made on typology of intensifying toposequences and headwater landscape configuration on valleys, plus the shifts from river to road based economic geographies, but its provision and marketing of application to the CRP6 sentinel landscapes has been delayed; now expected environmental services by end 2013

Locatelli, B. et al. [in review] Synergies and trade-offs between forest ecosystem services in Costa Rica. Biological Conservation. Khalumba, M. et al. [submitted] Combining reforestation auctions with performance-based payments: a field trial. Ecology and Society. Wunder, S. & Borner, J. 2012. Payments for environmental services to mitigate climate change: agriculture and forestry compared. In: Wollenberg, E. et al. (eds) Climate change mitigation and agriculture. Earthscan, pp 170-180.

CIFOR have recently hired a JPO to investigate the role of forest-based ecosystem services in agricultural production at the landscape scale Agroforest rise and fall Publication of data for Indonesia was postponed till a parallel analysis for Vietnam would be completed (Data are on Land cover/use maps have been compiled for 3 provinces, a survey of drivers has been 80% completed; manuscript expected ready by June 2013) Comparison of integrated rubber van Noordwijk M, Tata HL, Xu Jianchu , Dewi S and Minang PA. 2012. in Indonesia and segregated Segregate or integrate for multifunctionality and sustained change through rubber in China landscape agroforestry involving rubber in Indonesia and China. In: Nair PR and Garrity DP,eds. Agroforestry: The Future of Global Land Use. . The Netherlands. Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht. P. 69-104; http://www.worldagroforestry.org/sea/Publications/files/bookchapter/BC033 8-12.PDF S database on biophysical and The GIS database is operational and is used for several analysis on LUCC, socioeconomic land use drivers impact analysis of CC. A short technical report has been compiled. including migration and population statistics, economic The framework is operational. Two advanced drafts of scientific papers are data and infrastructure— available technical report

Integrative framework to understand land cover changes in the Amazon basin combining agent-based and system-based perspectives—technical report, peer-reviewed scientific publication

Importance of food security for Ickowitz, A., B. Powell & T. Sunderland [in review] Forests and food security.

35 CRP performance monitoring report 2012 multifunctional landscapes— Global Environmental Change. journal article(s) Sayer, J. et al. [in press] The landscape approach: ten principles to apply at the nexus of agriculture, conservation and other competing land-uses. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Powell, B, P Maundu, HV Kuhnlein and T Johns. (2013). Wild Foods from Farm and Forest in the East Usambara Mountains, Tanzania. Ecology of Food and Nutrition (in press). Powell, B, et al. (draft prepared, paper to be submitted March 31 2013). The role of forests, trees and wild biodiversity for improved nutrition- sensitivity of food and agriculture systems. Background paper for the International Congress on Nutrition +21, FAO, Rome Additionally, a review of gender differentiation in the shift from local provisioning to market-based achievement of food security is ready for submission to COSUST journal

Review of current practices of van Noordwijk M, Leimona B, Jindal R, Villamor G B, Vardhan M, Namirembe multifunctional upland uses, with S, Catacutan D, Kerr J, Minang PA, Tomich TP, 2012. Payments for PES/RES in mind—journal article Environmental Services: evolution towards efficient and fair incentives for multifunctional landscapes. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. 37, 389-420

Sustaining Ecosystems, Water Management Challenges in the Context of Agricultural Intensification Supporting Health: The 4th and Endemic Fluorosis: The Case of Yuanmou County, EcoHealth 8(4):444-455 Biennial Conference of The International Association for Ecology & Health (IAEH)

Output 6.3.1.3. Methods for monitoring and quantifying tree cover refined and linked to data uncertainty

Aboveground carbon storage in The full manuscript (“Aboveground Carbon Storage in Oil Palm Plantations and oil palm plantations and the the Threshold for Carbon-Neutral Land Conversion”) is under final stages of threshold for carbon debt in land internal review, available for colleagues and to be submitted to Global Change conversion Biology Bioenergy by March 15 2013

Allometrics in Indonesia; forest A manuscript (“Uncertainty of net landscape carbon loss: error propagation types and uncertainty of biomass from land cover classification and plot-level carbon stocks”) is under final estimates stages of internal review, available for colleagues and to be submitted to Global Environmental Change by March 15 2013

Further analysis of allometrics and a proposal to re-formulate allometrics to reduce heteroscedasticity is under way and available to interested colleagues.

Ladd B. et al. [in press] Estimating soil carbon in forest and woodland ecosystems. Global Ecology and Biogeography

Ladd, B. et al. 2012. Estimates of soil carbon concentration in tropical and temperate forest and woodland from available data on three continents. Global Ecology and Biogeography

Method and uncertainty of land A manuscript (“Spatial aggregation of C emission data for a forest frontier cover legends: precision vs. district in Indonesia: a fairness-efficiency trade-off in designing nested REDD accuracy systems is “) has been submitted to the MASGC journal on the basis of an analysis of the scale dependence of uncertainty

36 CRP performance monitoring report 2012

Tree cover and carbon stocks of A full first draft (Rahayu et al.) has been completed, but awaits finalization coffee-based agroforestry (maternity leave of main author) systems in Indonesia in relation to tree management strategies

Trees in multifunctional In Vietnam: landscapes in Asia: rapid appraisal tools across knowledge 2011. Training of Trainers (ToT) on the Toolbox in natural resources systems—book, comparative management and in Payment for Environmental Services in Vietnam - TUL- studies of ES across Asian VIETNAM. In: Simelton E,eds. Hanoi, Vietnam. World Agroforestry Centre landscapes (ICRAF) - Vietnam. 39 p.

Quan NH, Simelton E and Hoang MH. 2011. Final Report of the TULSEA project in Vietnam. Hanoi, Vietnam. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam. 17 p.

Output 6.3.1.4. Proximate and ultimate drivers of land use and tree cover change: inference from spatial patterns, macro- economic statistics and bottom-up driver information

Review of drivers of tree cover Van Vliet et al. 2012. Trends, drivers and impacts of change in swidden change cultivation in tropical forest-agriculture frontiers: a global assessment. Global Environmental Change, 22: 418-429. Meyfroidt, P.; van Noordwijk, M.; Minang, P.A.; Dewi, S.; Lambin, E.F. 2011 Drivers and consequences of tropical forest transitions: options to bypass land degradation? - See more at: http://www.asb.cgiar.org/ourresources?page=1&tid=1000#sthash.r2AiQ0IX.d puf Documenting the forest/coffee Bal, P., Nath, C.D., Nanaya, K.M., Kushalappa, C.G. and Garcia, C. 2011 transition in coffee agroforestry Elephants also like coffee: trends and drivers of human-elephant conflicts in systems coffee agroforestry landscapes of Kodagu, western Ghats, India. Environmental Management 48(2): 263–275. doi: 10.1007/s00267-011-9718- 0.

Understanding shock responses Wunder, S. et al. [in review] Safety nets, gap filling and forests: a global of households in tropical forest comparative perspective. World Development environments Liswanti, et al. 2012. Falling back on forests; how forest dwelling people cope with catastrophe in a changing landscape. International Forestry Review, 13: 404-415.

Understanding the contribution Angelsen, A. et al. [in review] Environmental income and rural livelihoods: a of forests to local livelihoods global comparative perspective. World Development. Duchelle, A. et al. [in review] Livelihoods and conservation in smallholder- managed forests in SW Amazonia: the role of Brazil nut. World Development. Abebaw, D. et al. 2012. Dry forest based livelihoods in resettlement areas of NW Ethiopia. Forest Policy and Economics, 20: 72-77 Rahman, S. et al. 2012. Agroforestry for livelihood security in the agrarian landscapes of the Padma floodplain of Bangladesh. Small Scale Forestry, 11(4): 529-538. Demography and dominant tree Basic data has been analyzed and shared in presentations, manuscript in cover types in Indonesia preparation for 2013

Kissa, D. & Sheil, D. 2012. Visual detection based distance sampling offers

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efficient density estimation for distinctive low abundance tropical forest tree species in complex terrain. Forest Ecology and Management, 263: 114-121

Network of permanent 1ha plots being collated in collaboration with the University of Leeds

Drivers of forest conversion and A draft manuscript is circulating for internal comments (Widayati et al.) land use changes in a peatland in Jambi: historical analyses towards REALU intervention

Livelihood options, poverty and A manuscript on this topic was submitted to a journal but will have to be equity of land use on peat and resubmitted after incorporation of comments received. mineral soils in Jambi

Migrants, land market and forest A manuscript (“G. Galudra, P. Agung, M. van Noordwijk, S. Suyanto and U. tenure insecurity: a case study in Pradhan. 2013. Migrants, land markets and carbon emissions: the drivers of Jambi land tenure change and the prospect of REDD+ in Jambi, Indonesia “) has been submitted to the MASGC journal and is under review

Paper on the inventory and Ajayi, OC , Catacutan DC, 2012. Role of externality in the adoption of economics of various forest and smallholder agroforestry: case studies from Southern Africa and Southeast tree-based technologies for Asia. In: Sunderasan S ed. Externality: economics, management and outcomes, landscape restoration and NY:NOVA Science Publishers. p. 167-188 livelihood in Africa

Production system and land-use A draft has been completed and is available for interested colleagues characterization in the Aguaytia watershed of the Peruvian Amazon

Rubber and oil palm as drivers of Data have been compiled, quality control ongoing land use change in Southeast Asia

The role of economic An advanced draft is available to colleagues and scheduled for 2013 stratification and ethnicity in publication (Porro et al., Forest use and agriculture in the Peruvian Amazon land use and forest clearing in frontier: interactions among livelihood strategies, wellbeing and Ucayali, Peru environmental outcomes).

Profitability land use assessment Sofiyuddin M, Rahmanulloh A and Suyanto S. 2012. Assessment of Profitability in Tanjung Jabung Barat of Land Use Systems in Tanjung Jabung Barat District, Jambi Province, Indonesia. Open Journal of Forestry. 2. (4)P. 252-256. URL; http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?paperID=23724

Synthesis of opportunity cost of Manuscript is circulating for internal peer review and available for interested REDD+ across Indonesia colleagues

Development of tools to identify A full draft on the RISNAA tool is circulating for internal review institutional strength

Deforestation and tree transition Xu, J., van Noordwijk, M., He, J., Kim, K.J., Jo, R.S., Pak, K.G., Kye, U.H., Kim, in North Korea J.S., Kim, K.M., Sim, Y.S., Pak, J.U., Song, K.I., Jong, Y.S., Kim, K.C., Pang, C.J., Ho, M.H., 2012. Participatory agroforestry development for restoring 38 CRP performance monitoring report 2012

degraded sloping land in DPR Korea. Agroforest. Syst. DOI 10.1007/s10457- 012-9501-0

A further manuscript has been submitted to Forest Science Research and is under review Multiple approaches for mapping Caizhen L. 2011. Poverty and Development in China: Alternative Approaches poverty in China to Poverty Assessment. . New York, USA. Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. 267 p. ; BK0158-12 Output 6.3.1.5. Policy levers and negotiation opportunities to influence drivers of tree cover transitions, rehabilitation and/or agroforestry transformation

Heuristic framework to Duchelle, A. et al. [accepted] Land tenure, carbon rights ad livelihoods in the understand the political and Brazilian Amazon: learning from four incipient REDD+ initiatives. World governance context of ES trade- Development offs Barrett, C et al. 2012. Economic instruments for nature conservation. In: MacDonald, D. (ed) Conservation Reader, University of Oxford Press Baseline tree cover change A manuscript has been drafted, but quality controls on 2010 data require scenarios across Indonesia by revisions that are still ongoing; current target June 2013 location and driver typology Comparison of four approaches van Noordwijk, M., Dewi S., Suyanto, Minang P., White D., Robiglio V., Hoang to opportunity cost analysis of MH., Ekadinata A, Mulia R., and Harja D. 2011. Abatement cost curves relating land use change in tropical forest past greenhouse gas emissions to the economic gains they allowed. Project margins Report. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 82 p. http://www.worldagroforestry.org/sea/publication?do=view_pub_detail&pub _no=RP0271-11 National case studies of policies Book chapter published: Ajayi, OC ; Place, F, 2012. Policy support for large- on agroforestry and tree planting scale adoption of Agroforestry practices: experience from Africa and Asia in priority countries in Asia, http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/our_products/publications/details? Africa and Latin America node=53995 For Indonesia, the first draft is ready. For Africa, a manuscript has been submitted to Agroforestry Systems. Vietnam: Hoang MH, Roshetko JM, Dumas-Johansen M, Nguyen TH, Doan DL, Dinh NL and Jamnadass R. 2011. Farmers’ tree nurseries in Vietnam: opportunities and constraints. . Hanoi, Vietnam. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam. 12 p. Workshop proceedings of Place, F.;Ajayi, O.C.;Torquebiau, E.;Detlefsen, G.;Gauthier, M.;Buttoud, national dialogues to identify key G.2012 Improved policies for facilitating the adoption of constraints and highlight policy Agroforestry http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/our_products/publica reforms for promoting tions/details?node=53807 agroforestry and tree planting in Simelton, E. Pham TV, Tran T, Nguyen VT, Thomsen MF, Le DN, Nguyen N.B., Africa and Asia Phan T.C., Truong D.T., and Nguyen B.N.(2012). Proceedings of the national workshop on climate-change adaptation for agriculture and forestry in Viet Nam. Ha Noi: World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Viet Nam. Theme 6.3.2. Understanding consequences of tree cover transition for livelihoods, environmental goods and services and adaptive policy

Outcome: Local resource managers in tree-based multiple-use landscapes use cost-effective and replicable tools and approaches to appraise likely impacts of changes in land use on watershed functions, biodiversity and carbon stocks as well as on the economic productivity of the landscape.

39 CRP performance monitoring report 2012

Output 6.3.2.1. Tools for and case studies of quantifying buffering of water flows and other hydrological ES linked to tree cover (quantity, quality, pattern) and agriculture

Flow persistence principle and Analysis of data for W.Kenya (available on request) identified some algorithm shortcomings of the algorithm in the face of missing data; adjustments were made; compilation of Asia + Africa buffer indicator data is in progress.

van Noordwijk M, Widodo RH, Farida A, Suyamto D, Lusiana B, Tanika L, Khasanah N. 2011. GenRiver and FlowPer: Generic River and Flow Persistence Models. User Manual Version 2.0. Bogor, Indonesia: World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Southeast Asia Regional Program. 119 p. http://www.worldagroforestry.org/sea/publication?do=view_pub_detail&pub _no=MN0048-11

Parkland tree buffering of soil A symposium proceeding article is available on-line, a further manuscript is water content from a landscape available for interested colleagues: perspective van Noordwijk M, Mulia R, Bayala J, 2012. Buffering soil water supply to crops by hydraulic equilibration in conservation agriculture with deep-rooted trees: application of a process-based tree–soil–crop simulation model to parkland agroforestry in Burkina Faso. In: D.Hauswirt, PT Sen et al. (eds.) Conservation Agriculture and Sustainable Upland Livelihoods Innovations for, with and by Farmers to Adapt to Local and Global Changes, proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Conservation Agriculture in Southeast Asia - Hanoi 2012, pp 176-179 http://www.conservation- agriculture2012.org/var/conservation_agriculture2012/storage/fckeditor/file/ Proceedings_Final.pdf#page=189

Output 6.3.2.2. Tools for understanding and case studies of biodiversity-based environmental services across stages of tree cover transition, including pollination and dispersal

Analysis of the implications of Masatoshi Sasaoka has submitted a paper to Forests, Trees and Livelihoods, major development activities for where it is in review. wildlife conservation and local people’s livelihoods Junker J. et al. 2012. Recent decline in suitable environmental conditions for African great apes. Diversity and Distributions, 18: 1077-1091.

Agrobiodiversity and Jackson, L.E. Pulleman, M.M., Brussaard, L. , Bawa, K.S., Brown, G. , Cardoso, intensification of agriculture: I.M., De Ruiter, P., García-Barrios, L., Hollander, A.D., Lavelle, P., Ouédraogo, insights from eight landscapes in E., Pascual, U. , Setty, S., Smukler, S.M., Tscharntke, T. and Van Noordwijk, several biomes M., 2012. Social-ecological and regional adaptation of agrobiodiversity management across a global set of research regions. Global Environmental Change 22, 623 – 639

Ecological corridor concepts and A journal article has been circulating for internal + external review drafted but gender-specific dispersal needs a final push.

Output 6.3.2.3. Quantified trade-offs between carbon stocks and other environmental services across tree cover transitions

Development and assessment of Bourgoin, J., Castella, J.C., Pullar, D., Lestrelin G. and Bouahom B. 2012 Toward participatory carbon, biodiversity a land zoning negotiation support platform: “tips and tricks” for participatory and livelihoods monitoring land use planning in Laos. Landscape and Urban Planning 104: 270-278. guidelines http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2011.11.008 Hett et al. 2012. A landscape mosaic approach for characterising swidden 40 CRP performance monitoring report 2012

systems from a REDD+ perspective. Applied Geography, 2: 608-618. Belcher B. et al. 2012. Development of a village-level monitoring tool: a case study in Viengkham District, Laos. International Forestry Review, 14: 27-38 Trees in multifunctional landscapes in Asia: rapid 2011. How trees and people can co-adapt to climate change: reducing appraisal tools across knowledge vulnerability through multifunctional agroforestry landscapes. In: van systems Noordwijk M, Hoang MH, Neufeldt H, Oborn I and Yatich T,eds. . Nairobi, Kenya. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF). 133 p. and

The first full draft of TUL-SEA book 2 is ready for editing.

Output 6.3.2.4. Gender, age and wealth-specific appreciation of tree cover transitions in relation to demographic transitions and development context

Analysis of women’s roles in A manuscript: (“Gender differences in land-use decisions: shaping ecosystem management and multifunctional landscapes?”) land-use decision making processes Is under internal review for submission to Current Opinion on Sustainability Special issue on gender and forestry in the International Forestry Review: http://www.cifor.org/online-library/browse/view- publication/publication/3523.html Field work on-going in Sulawesi (AgFor) Gender equity in rewards for environmental services: synthesis of case studies from Tanzania, Kenya, Vietnam, Philippines & Indonesia (Mamta Vardhan and DCatacutan--manuscript ready by May) Assessment of the Lestrelin, G., Bourgoin, J., Bouahom, B. and Castella, J.C. 2011 Measuring implementation of land use participation: case studies on village land use planning in northern Lao PDR. planning tools and approaches Applied Geography 31: 950-958. and consequent equity effects http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2011.01.003 for local communities Minter, T., et al. 2012. Whose Consent? Hunter-Gatherers and Extractive Industries in the Northeastern Philippines. Society and Natural Resources. 25(12): 1241-1257.

Gender differentiated analysis of Sunderland, T., A. Ickowitz, V. Reyes-Perez, R. Babimigura & R. Achdiawan [in environmental services and land- review] Myths and truths about men, women, and forest resources: Results use management from the PEN global dataset. World Development.

Chiong-Javier et al. has been published.

Perceptions of changes and what Boissiere, M. et al. [submitted] Local perceptions of climate variability and causes them change in tropical forests of Papua. Ecology and Society

Demography, migration and A draft journal article is circulating for internal review. gendered land use perspectives in the peat lands of Jambi

41 CRP performance monitoring report 2012

Outcome: Land use planners and practitioners use principles and methods resulting in clearer and more transparent recognition of conservation and development trade-offs in land and rights allocation, as well as adjustments to economic incentives.

Output 6.3.2.5. Tested tools and governance mechanisms for adaptive landscape management of ecology-economics trade- offs including performance-based incentive systems

Analysis of local or traditional Sunderland, T.C.H., J.A Sayer and Hoang Minh-Ha (eds). 2012. Evidence-based monitoring in support of conservation: lessons from the Lower Mekong. Earthscan, London. ISBN 978 1 conservation in changing 84971 394 8 landscapes

Analysis of policies and Data are being collected as part of the CIDA Sulawesi AgFor project. regulation on land-use planning and environmental services Phuc, X. et al. 2012. The prospects for Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) payment schemes (or alternative in Vietnam: a look at three payment schemes. Society and Natural Resources, reward mechanisms) 40: 237-249. Wunder, S. 2012. Of PES and other animals. Oryx, 46: 1-2 Kolinjivadi, V., & T. Sunderland. 2012. A review of two payment schemes for watershed services in China and Vietnam: the interface of government domination and PES theory. Ecology and Society 17 (4): 10. [online] URL: http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol17/iss4/art10/ Delia, C. Catacutan, Pham, T.T., Dam, V.B., Simelton, E., et al (2012). Major challenges and lessons learnt from Payments for Forest Environmental Services (PFES) schemes in Vietnam (in English and Vietnamese). Policy Brief. Catacutan DC, Lasco RD & Pinon Duque C.(2012). Smallholder Incentives for Agroforestry: Opportunities and Challenges in the Philippines. Ins. The Future of Global Landuse. Nair PKR and Garrity DP (eds), Springer, The Netherlands Assessment of implementation Castella J.C. et al. 2013. Handbook on participatory land use planning: of land use planning tools and methods and tools developed and tested in Viengkham District, Laos, Luang approaches and consequent Prabang Province. NAFRI-IRD-CIFOR http://www.cifor.org/online- equity effects for local library/browse/view-publication/publication/3922.html communities

Assessments of the impact of co- Sunderland-Groves, J., et al. 2011. Impacts of co-management on western management on the ecological chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) habitat and conservation in Nialama functions of mosaic landscapes Classified Forest, Republic of Guinea: a satellite perspective. Biodiversity and Conservation 20(12): 2745-2757.

Lescuyer, G. 2012. Sustainable forest management at the local scale: a comparative analysis of community forests and domestic forests in Cameroon. Small Scale Forestry, 13: 1-16

Refinement of governance Larson, A. & Pulhin, J. 2012. Enhancing forest tenure reform through more assessment tools responsive regulations. Conservation and Society, 10: 103-113

Tested tools and governance Dewi S, Ekadinata A, Galudra G, Agung P and Johana F. 2011. LUWES: Land use mechanisms for adaptive planning for Low Emission Development Strategy. Bogor, Indonesia. World landscape management of Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 47 p. ecology-economics tradeoffs including performance-based incentive systems

42 CRP performance monitoring report 2012

Analysis of PES commodification, compensation and coinvestment van Noordwijk M and Leimona B. 2011. Principles for fairness and efficiency in paradigms for fairness and enhancing environmental services in Asia. Payments, compensation or co- efficiency investment?. . Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 6 p.

Lopa D, Mwanyoka I, Jambiya G, Massoud T, Harrison P, Ellis-Jones M, Blomley T, Leimona B, van Noordwijk M and Burgess ND, 2012. Towards operational payments for water ecosystem services in Tanzania: a case study from the Uluguru Mountains. Oryx 46, 34 – 44 Balana B, Catacutan D. & Makela M. (2012). Assessing the willingness to pay for reliable domestic water supply: results from a contingent valuation survey in Nairobi City, Kenya. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management. Routledge. Global review of PES literature in relation to CES/COS/CIS van Noordwijk M, Leimona B, Jindal R, Villamor G B, Vardhan M, Namirembe paradigms, fairness and S, Catacutan D, Kerr J, Minang PA, Tomich TP, 2012. Payments for efficiency Environmental Services: evolution towards efficient and fair incentives for multifunctional landscapes. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. 37, 389-420

Moving beyond pilots: a review Hoang MH, Do TH, Pham MT, van Noordwijk M and Minang PA, 2013. Benefit of lessons learnt in payments for distribution across scales to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest forest ecosystem services in degradation (REDD+) in Vietnam. Land Use Policy 31, 48-60 Vietnam Phuc, X. et al. 2012. The prospects for Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) in Vietnam: a look at three payment schemes. Society and Natural Resources, 40: 237-249. Kolinjivadi, V., & T. Sunderland. 2012. A review of two payment schemes for watershed services in China and Vietnam: the interface of government domination and PES theory. Ecology and Society 17 (4): 10. [online] URL: http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol17/iss4/art10/

With funding from USAID, we are undertaking a Mekong-wide review of the policy and institutional frameworks of PES. Paper expected in 2014. Toolbox for landscape and trade- The TUL-SEA toolbox website is under-restructuring to conform with new off appraisal available and standard; it is currently offline. accessible to practitioners and policy makers at various levels

Output 6.3.2.6. Policies for the agriculture-forestry interface and strategies for sustaining food security, ecological functionality and rural development in multi-use landscape mosaics

Analysis of landscape design approaches to rationalise trade- A paper is being prepared by Castella et al. offs between multiple landscape Sayer, J. et al. [in press] The landscape approach: ten principles to apply at the functions nexus of agriculture, conservation and other competing land-uses. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Impact assessment of PLUP implementation Bourgoin, J. and Castella, J.C. 2011 ‘PLUP fiction’: landscape simulation for participatory land use planning in northern Laos. Mountain Research and Development 31(2): 78-88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-10- 00129.1

43 CRP performance monitoring report 2012

Policy recommendations on the A paper is being prepared by Garcia et al. restitution of tree rights to farmers in coffee agroforestry systems and their impact on the environment

Understanding farmers’ A paper is being prepared by Garcia et al. strategies in coffee agroforestry systems: conversion and intensification

Land tenure or REDD, what Do Trong H, Catacutan D, Vu TH and Lai TQ. 2012. Reducing Emissions from All comes first? exploring key issues Land Uses (REALU) - Vietnam: Will current forest land tenure impede REDD+ from Vietnam efforts in Vietnam?. Policy Brief no 1. Hanoi, Vietnam. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam. 4 p. Oil palm, agroforestry systems A manuscript (“Low carbon emission development strategies through product and peatland C emissions: diversification and agroforestry: scenario and trade-off analysis for Jambi scenario analysis with the (Sumatra, Indonesia) using the FALLOW model”) will be submitted to MASGC FALLOW model before March 15 2013

Twongyirwe, R. et al. 2012. How do soil organic carbon stocks vary within forest and following conversion to other land uses? A study in Afromontane landscapes. Geoderma, 194: 282-289

Protected areas in relation to Dewi S, van Noordwijk M, Ekadinata A and Pfund J. 2012. Protected areas landscape multifunctionality: within multifunctional landscapes: Squeezing out intermediate land use squeezing out intermediate land intensities in the tropics?. Land Use Policy. 30. (1)P. 38-56. URL; JA0447-12 use intensities in the tropics? Laurence, W. et al. 2012. Averting biodiversity collapse in tropical forest protected areas. Nature, 489: 290-294

Sparing versus sharing: policies Lusiana B, van Noordwijk M, Cadisch G 2012, Land sparing or sharing? for the agriculture-forestry Exploring livestock fodder options in combination with land use zoning and interface: summarizing debate consequences for livelihoods and net carbon stocks using the FALLOW model. on agricultural intensification Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 159, 145– 160 hypothesis in relation to tree cover transitions van Noordwijk M, Tata H L, Xu J, Dewi S and Minang P, 2012. Segregate or integrate for multifunctionality and sustained change through landscape agroforestry involving rubber in Indonesia and China.. In: Agroforestry: The Future of Global Landuse. Nair PKR and Garrity DP (eds.), Springer, The Netherlands. pp 69-104

Minang PA, van Noordwijk M and Swallow B, 2012. High-Carbon-Stock Rural Development Pathways in Asia and Africa: How Improved Land Management Can Contribute to Economic Development and Climate Change Mitigation.. In: Agroforestry: The Future of Global Landuse. Nair PKR and Garrity DP (eds.), Springer, The Netherlands. pp 127-143

44 CRP performance monitoring report 2012

Theme 6.3.3. Actively learning landscapes where innovative response and policy options are being tested

Outcome: Local and external stakeholders negotiate and have access to a range of conditional and performance-based arrangements that support the provision and maintenance of environmental services and biodiversity in productive landscapes.

Output 6.3.3.1. Network of ‘active learning landscapes’ on RES/PES mechanisms maintained and enhanced

Drafts of RUPES/PRESA national strategies on PES and its multiple http://asia.ifad.org/web/rupes paradigms Blog on Indonesia policy process

http://blog.worldagroforestry.org/index.php/2013/03/10/join-us-in-bali-to- share-about-ecosystem-services/

Gender-differential access and Working paper by Delia Catacutan and Mamta Vardhan: first draft completed- control of resources and their --2nd draft is underway; impacts on the poor, under changing land uses, polices and Commissioned country study for RUPES Indonesia is in final stages of editing markets in the RUPES and PRESA context

Private and social motivation of Villamor G, Desrianti F, Akiefnawati R, Amaruzaman S and van Noordwijk M. local co-investment in 2013. Gender differences in land-use decision making: perceptions and environmental services and determinants in tropical forest margins of Indonesia. Submitted in the journal participation in conservation Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change. agreements: perception survey and simulation games in a rubber In Vietnam: agroforest village in Jambi, Eastman, D., Catacutan, D., Dam V.B., Do, T.H., and Guarnaschelli, S. (2012). Sumatra, Indonesia Stakeholder Preferences for Rewards for Ecosystem Services. ASB Policy Brief No. 28, ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins, Nairobi, Kenya.

RUPES/PRESA network of field Hoang MH and Do Trong H. 2011. Assessing the potential for, and designing, a sites with active learning on ‘Payment for Environmental Services’ scheme in Bac Kan province, Vietnam. rewards for ecosystem services, Final IFAD-PES report. Hanoi, Vietnam. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - across CES/COS/CIS paradigms Vietnam. 95 p.

Cremaschi DG, Lasco RD and Delfino RJ. 2013. Payments for Watershed Protection Services: Emerging Lessons from the Philippines. Journal of Sustainable Development. 6. (1)P. 90-103. URL

Katel ON and Schmidt-Vogt D. 2011. Use of Forest Resources by Residents of Jigme Singye Wangchuck National Park, Bhutan: Practices and Perceptions in a Context of Constraints. Mountain Research and Development. 31. (4)P. 325- 333.

Duque-Piñon C, Catacutan D, Leimona B, Abasolo E, van Noordwijk M and Tiongco L. 2012. Conflict, Cooperation, and Collective Action: Land Use, Water Rights, and Water Scarcity in Manupali Watershed, Southern Philippines. CAPRi Working Paper No. 104:32 p.

Ajayi OC, Kelsey Jack B and Leimona B. 2012. Auction Design for the Private Provision of Public Goods in Developing Countries: Lessons from Payments for 45 CRP performance monitoring report 2012

Environmental Services in Malawi and Indonesia. World Development. . : P. 1- 11. URL

de Groot K. 2011. Payments for environmental services (PES) from tourism: A realistic incentive to improve local livelihoods and sustain forest landscapes in Viet Nam’s northern highlands. . Wageningen, The Netherlands. Wageningen University and Research Centre. 113 p.

Tata H.L., Akiefnawati R. and van Noordwijk M. 2013. Enrichment planting using native species (Dipterocarpaceae) with local farmers in rubber smallholdings in Sumatra, Indonesia. In: Bozzano M., Jalonen R., Thomas E., Boshier D., Gallo L., Cavers S., Bordacs S., Smith P., and Loo J. (eds). Genetic considerations in ecosystem restoration using native tree species. A thematic study for the State of the World’s Forest Genetic Resources. United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy. (Forthcoming). Output 6.3.3.2. Synthesis from action research sites identifying principles, methods and processes for advancing conservation, use rights and livelihood values

Improving the design of Moreno-Sanchez, R. et al. 2012. Will heterogenous service users pay watershed PES in Colombia differentiated rates? A contingent valuation study of the demand for watershed protection in the Colombian Andes. Ecological Economics, 75: 126- 134

Synthesis paper of the RUPES Leimona, B. 2011 Fairly efficient and efficiently fair: success factors and experience constraints in payment and reward for environmental schemes in Asia. Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, the Netherlands. http://www.worldagroforestry.org/sea/publication?do=view_pub_detail&pub _no=TD0166-11

Synthesis from action research Draft of “Buku gender Indonesia” from RUPES is completed and is under peer on gender-specific adaptive review learning in landscapes with active support for environmental services and climate change adaptation in two regions

Outcome: Opportunities for win-win solutions in restoration contexts are fully used, while the hard trade-offs are recognised and conflict over them is replaced by negotiation.

Output 6.3.3.3. Identification of improved modalities and approaches to effectively support conservation in forest landscape mosaics

Analysis of the circumstances under which different Kolinjivadi, V. K., and T. Sunderland. 2012. A Review of Two Payment Schemes conservation approaches for Watershed Services from China and Vietnam: the Interface of Government including payment for Control and PES Theory. Ecology and Society 17(4): 10. environmental services and non- http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol17/iss4/art10/ cash incentives can be effective Sheil D. et al. 2013. Sharing conservation costs. Science, 339: 270-271 in delivering environmental services and improved Wunder, S. & Borner, J. 2012. Payments for environmental services, livelihoods conservation with pro-poor benefits. In: Roe D., et al. (eds) Linking biodiversity conservation and poverty reduction. Wiley-Blackwell.

46 CRP performance monitoring report 2012

Development and Global strategy consultation completed. Framework proposal currently in implementation of a dry forest review. research strategy

Development of collaborative Further data collection and analysis from key sites are needed. decision-making and monitoring tools for strengthening community involvement and meaningful participation in conservation and land use planning

Output 6.3.3.4. Participatory models for reserve management: resource use rights, threats to targeted species, guidelines for monitoring

Analysis of alternative Bamboo for people, mountain gorillas and golden monkeys: evaluating conservation approaches and harvest and conservation trade-offs and synergies in the Virunga Volcanoes. reward mechanisms Forest Ecology and Management, 267: 163-171

Improved strategies and policies Orangutan work continues in Danau Santarum. to integrate poverty alleviation programs and endangered A great apes and poverty linkage policy brief has been completed and is species conservation awaiting publication.

Redford, K. et al. [in press] Best practices: great apes and poverty alleviation. IIED/CIFOR Discussion Paper.

Review and development of Sayer J, T Sunderland, J Ghazoul, J-L Pfund, D Sheil, E Meijaard, M Venter, A guidelines for landscape Klintuni Boedhihartono, M Day, C Garcia, C van Oosten, and L E Buck. 2013. approaches to conservation and Ten principles for a landscape approach to reconciling agriculture, development conservation and other competing land uses. PNAS.

Output 6.3.3.5. Impact studies testing assumptions of the CRP6.3 theory of change and output-outcome-impact pathways

CRP6.3 meeting to clarify all There has been progress, but it has been a moving target as the higher level assumptions of the theory of IDO discussions need to provide connecting points for the component level change underpinning the plans. component

Baseline characterization of The January 2012 workshop made a start; IDO discussion needs further current capacity and issues follow-up. identified by landscape-level stakeholders Vietnam: Working paper to be completed in March 2013.

47 CRP performance monitoring report 2012

Component 6.4: Climate change adaptation and mitigation Theme 6.4.1. Harnessing forest, trees and agroforestry for climate change mitigation

Outcome: Research conducted under this component will contribute to the development of new forest-and-climate regimes (currently being negotiated at global and national levels) and subnational initiatives related to climate change, forests and trees in ways that ensure that they are effective, efficient and equitable (2013-2020).

Output 6.4.1.1. Informing international- and national-level policy processes

Analysis of political and Analysing REDD+: Challenges and choices published June 2013, with multiple economic barriers for efficient, chapters (CIFOR). The book was downloaded about 60 000 times in the first effective and equitable REDD+ three months. policy formulation and implementation Paper on REDD+ in the Philippines published (ICRAF): Lasco, R., Veridiano, R.K., Habito, M.C., Pulhin, F.B. 2012. Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation plus (REDD+) in the Philippines: will it make a difference in financing forest development? Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change doi: 10.1007/s11027-012-9411-5. Conceptual and analytical Key publications: frameworks for high carbon 1. Minang, P.A., van Noordwijk, M., Swallow, B. 2011. High-carbon-stock stock rural development rural development pathways in Asia and Africa: how improved land pathways and low carbon management can contribute to economic development and climate development pathways change mitigation. In Nair, P.K.R., Garrity, D.P. (eds.) Agroforestry – the developed and tested in ASB way forward, xx–xx. Springer, Dordrecht, Netherlands. sites 2. van Noordwijk, M. et al. 2011. Segregate or integrate for multifunctionality and sustained change through landscape agroforestry involving rubber in Indonesia and China. In Nair, P.K.R., Garrity, D.P. (eds.)

Agroforestry – the way forward, xx–xx. Springer, Dordrecht, Netherlands.

3. Minang, P.A., van Noordwijk, M. 2012. Design challenges for reduced emissions from deforestation and forest degradation through conservation: leveraging multiple paradigms at the tropical forest margins. Land Use Policy doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.04.025 4. Minang, P.A., van Noordwijk, M., Gockowski, J. 2011. Carbon trade-offs along tropical forest margins: lessons from ASB work in Cameroon. In: Wollenberg, E., et al., (eds.) Designing agricultural mitigation for smallholders in developing countries, 391–398. Earthscan, London. 5. Minang, P.A., Bernard, F., van Noordwijk, M., Kahurani, E. 2011. Agroforestry in REDD+: opportunities and challenges. ASB Policy Brief No. 26. ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins, Nairobi. 6. Bernard, F., Minang, P.A., van Noordwijk, M., Kahurani, E. 2011. Reducing emissions from all land uses (REALU) – a whole landscape approach to reducing emissions. Poster. ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins, Nairobi. 7. Agroforestry in REDD+: potentials, prospects and enabling conditions. Special Issue (Manuscript to be ready by end of May 2013) 8. Managing at a landscape scale: a review of landscape approach conceptual frameworks for resource management. (Manuscript to be ready for submission by 30 April 2013.) Readiness assessment Special Issue on REDD Readiness (11 papers in preparation including four country papers, two case studies, one comparative paper, one paper on CSA and REDD+, one paper on the conceptual framework and one conclusion paper) 48 CRP performance monitoring report 2012

Policy options towards Key publications: comprehensive approach to 1. Minh Ha, H.M., Hoan, D.T., Pham, M.T., van Noordwijk, M., Minang, P.A. reducing emissions from all land 2013. Benefit distribution across scales to reduce emissions from uses as part of the UNFCCC deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) in Vietnam. Land Use Policy agreement 31:48–60. 2. 2012 stakeholder preferences for rewards for ecosystem services: implications for a REDD+ benefit distribution system in Viet Nam. ASB Policy Brief No 28. ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins, Nairobi. 3. Do, T.H., Catacutan, D., Vu, T.H., Lai, T.Q. 2012. Will current forest land tenure impede REDD+ efforts in Viet Nam? Policy Brief No. 27. ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins, Nairobi, Kenya.

SBSTA June 2012: Submission to the UNFCCC on reference emission levels. A report to UNFCCC delegates was completed in late 2011 by CIFOR.

The DECC report is to be released in September by CIFOR.

A policy brief was released in April by CIFOR.

Chapter 7 of Analysing REDD+: Challenges and choices (book) (CIFOR).

Four case-studies (ASB).

Four emissions reduction feasibility studies in four landscapes (Peru, Indonesia, Cameroon and Vietnam) with scenarios, land cover maps with 30- year simulations and trade-offs between the scenarios.

Key publications: 1. Dewi, S., van Noordwijk, M., Minang, P. 2012 Reference emission levels (REL) in the context of REDD and land-based NAMAs: forest transition stages can inform nested negotiations. Submission to SBSTA UNFCCC. 2. Meyfroidt, P., van Noordwijk, M., Minang, P.A., Dewi, S., Lambin, E.F. 2011. Drivers and consequences of tropical forest transitions: options to bypass land degradation? ASB Policy Brief 25. ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins, Nairobi. 3. Bernard, F., McFatridge, S., Minang, P. 2012. The private sector in the REDD+ supply chain: trends, challenges and opportunities. ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins and International Institute for Sustainable Development.

Monograph on the REALU/landscape approach is in progress Assessment of GHG emissions Students continue to make appropriate progress, and manuscripts are associated with land use change progressing. in East Africa and Indonesia A technical report on GHG fluxes from different agroforestry systems has been forwarded to ILRI and CIFOR.

For the Nyando watershed in western Kenya:

• Preliminary GHG data are being analyzed. • Household survey data have been collected and are being analyzed. • Above-ground biomass will soon be done. • Soil samples will soon be collected and analyzed using the LDSF. 49 CRP performance monitoring report 2012

Assessment of carbon This has not been completed. sequestration potentials in coffee AF systems

Monitoring ES, adaptation and The analysis is presented in several chapters of Analysing REDD+: Choices and mitigation measures challenges (book) (CIFOR).

Protocols on monitoring ES, adaptation and mitigation measures integrating new remote sensing sensors (Rapid Eye) and spatial modeling approaches (ICRAF).

Evaluations of land use models A report is to be submitted to the Colombian government. and factors used in their construction and how these affect REDD+ baseline development and prediction of future scenarios

Environmental and livelihoods A paper has been submitted to the Asia Pacific Journal on Environment and trade-off metrics Development: ‘Global and local benefits and costs of maintaining tree cover and reducing carbon emissions in the Manupali Watershed (Philippines)’ (Rodel)

Output 6.4.1.2. Informing subnational and local initiatives

Local-level land use models This work is in progress. developed with NARS and other partners

Models of costs and benefits of A report is to be submitted to the Colombian government by the end of the conversion to agropastosilvoral year. systems, based on local data on profitability, land use and carbon stocks

Analysis of early outcomes of Chapters 5–12, 14 and 15 of Analysing REDD+: Choices and challenges (book) establishing REDD+ project sites (CIFOR).

A paper on ‘Lessons from early REDD+ experiences in the Philippines’ has been submitted to the International Journal of Forestry Research (ICRAF).

Synthesis and papers on options Key publications: and alternatives for high carbon 1. Robiglio, V., Lescuyer, G., Cerutti, P. 2012. From farmers to loggers: the stocks development and low role of shifting cultivation landscapes in timber production in Cameroon. carbon development pathways Small-Scale Forestry 12(1):67–85. 2. Intensification of cocoa agroforestry systems in the south region of Cameroon as a REDD+ strategy: major hurdles, motivations, and challenges (Currently being drafted; to be finalized by April 2013).

Additional papers: 1. Paper on cacao AFS land sharing and land sparing (Currently being drafted; to be finalized by April 2013) 2. Paper on cacao AFS intensification trade-offs (Currently being drafted; to be finalized by April 2013) 50 CRP performance monitoring report 2012

3. Paper on potential for timber production from cocoa AFS in SW Cameroon (Currently being drafted; to be finalized by April 2013) 4. Alemagi, D., Duguma, L., Minang, P.A., Tchoundjeu, Z. 2012. Incentives for reducing carbon emission from illegal logging in Cameroon. ASB Policy Brief No. 30. ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins, Nairobi. 5. Robiglio, V., Mala, W.A., Minang, P.A. 2012. On-farm trees in smallholders land use systems in tropical Africa: between traditional practices and new challenges. Poster. ASB Partnership, Nairobi, Kenya.

Output 6.4.1.3. Best-practice methods

Draft guidelines for carbon A report is to be submitted to the Colombian government by the end of the accounting in agropastosilvoral year. landscapes

Comparative analysis of A report to UNFCCC delegates was completed in late 2011 by CIFOR. reference levels and methods for developing them The DECC report is to be released in September by CIFOR.

A policy brief was released in April by CIFOR.

Also completed: • Chapter 7 of Analysing REDD+: Choices and challenges (book) (CIFOR). • Four case-studies (ASB). • Four emissions reduction feasibility studies in the four landscapes (Peru, Indonesia, Cameroon and Vietnam) with scenarios, land cover maps with 30-year simulations and trade-offs between the scenarios. Key publications: 1. Dewi, S., van Noordwijk, M., Minang, P. 2012 Reference emission levels (REL) in the context of REDD and land-based NAMAs: forest transition stages can inform nested negotiations. Submission to SBSTA UNFCCC. 2. Meyfroidt, P., van Noordwijk, M., Minang, P.A., Dewi, S., Lambin, E.F. 2011. Drivers and consequences of tropical forest transitions: options to bypass land degradation? ASB Policy Brief 25. ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins, Nairobi. 3. Analysis of the Mesa REDD role for efficient REDD+ strategies at the regional level in Peru (to be finalized by end of May 2013) Tools and guidelines for defining Field work in Kalimantan is complete; writing is in progress. emission reference levels and for community participation in carbon monitoring

Database of soil carbon stocks Key publications: and time-series maps of land use 1. Van Noordwijk, M., Dewi, S., Lusiana, B., Harja, D., Agus, F., Rahayu, S., and cover classes Hairiah, K., Maswar, Robiglio, V., Hyman, G., et al. 2012. Recommendations on the design of national monitoring systems relating the costs of monitoring to the expected benefits of higher quality of data. Project report. World Agroforestry Centre, ICRAF-SEA, Bogor, Indonesia. 2. Rahayu, S. et al. Carbotransfer functions for litter, understory and dead wood of forest-derived land uses in Indonesia: safely simplifying data

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collection? Under review by MITI. 3. van Noordwijk, M., et al. Soil-based C emissions due to land use change in Jambi province (Sumatra, Indonesia). Under review by MITI. 4. Lusiana, B., et al. Spatial aggregation of C emission data for a forest frontier district in Indonesia: a fairness-efficiency trade-off in designing nested REDD systems B. Under review by MITI. Establishment of low carbon Paper on analysis of soil carbon using NIR spectroscopy measures in emission pathways with landscapes with different levels of tree cover agroforestry system Soil samples compiled and analyzed using NIR spectroscopy; research proposal for complementary soil sample analysis submitted .

Synthesis and papers on field Key publications: implementation of 1. Bernard, F., Minang, P.A., van Noordwijk, M. 2011. Review of current tools REDD+/AFOLU and REALU and methods for REDD+ and REALU value chains. ASB Partnership for the methods and tools in ASB Tropical Forest Margins, Nairobi. benchmark landscapes 2. Hairiah, K., Dewi, S., Agus, F., Velarde, S., Ekadinata, A., Rahayu, S., van Noordwijk, M. 2011. Measuring carbon stocks across land use systems: a manual. World Agroforestry Centre, Bogor, Indonesia. 3. Dewi, S., Ekadinata, A., Galudra, G., Agung, P., Johana, F. 2011. Land use planning for low emission development strategy (LUWES): case studies from Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre, Bogor, Indonesia. 4. Technical manual no. 11: guide to determine carbon stock in small farms (Peru) Theme 6.4.2. Enhancing climate change adaptation through forests, trees and agroforestry

Outcome: Research conducted under this component will contribute to the development of national adaptation plans and investments as part of new forest-and-climate regimes and sustainable development planning (2013-2020).

Output 6.4.2.1. Informing international- and national-level policy processes

Analysis of modelling initiative to This is collaborative work with CC AFS. A paper was just accepted for develop adaptation maps for publication in the journal Forests. We do not have a link to the publication yet. plantation forestry

Analysis of strategies for A guidebook for mainstreaming climate change into biodiversity planning in mainstreaming climate change the Philippines is in preparation (ICRAF). adaptation into NRM policies in Southeast Asia

Guidelines to improve national REALU – Output in progress. policies for strengthening local adaptive capacity under different contexts

Integration of climate change A guidebook for mainstreaming climate change into biodiversity planning in and biodiversity into national the Philippines is in preparation (Rodel). planning processes

Reducing vulnerability through Key publications: multifunctional agroforestry 1. Van Noordwijk, M., Hoang, M.H., Neufeldt, H., Öborn, I., Yatich, T. (eds.). landscapes 2011. How trees and people can co-adapt to climate change: reducing vulnerability through multifunctional agroforestry landscapes. World Agroforestry Centre, Nairobi.

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2. Nguyen, Q., Hoang, M.H., Öborn, I., van Noordwijk, M. 2013. Multipurpose agroforestry as a climate change adaptation option for farmers – an example of local adaptation in Vietnam. Climatic Change 117:241–257. Analysis of policy processes and Key publications: policy networks related to 1. Brockhaus, M., Djoudi, H., Kambire, H. 2012. Multi-level governance and forests and adaptation in Africa adaptive capacity in West Africa. International Journal of the Commons 6(2):200–232. 2. Pongui, B.S., Kenfack, C.E. 2012. Adaptation et atténuation en République du Congo: acteurs et processus politiques. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. 3. Gapia, M., Bele, Y., 2012. Adaptation et atténuation en République centrafricaine: acteurs et processus politiques. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. 4. Nguema, J., Pavageau, C.. 2012. Adaptation et atténuation en Guinée équatoriale: acteurs et processus politiques. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. Output 6.4.2.2. Informing subnational and local initiatives

Analysis of how adaptation is Key publications: incorporated into forest and 1. Pramova, E., Locatelli, B., Brockhaus, M., Fohlmeister, S. 2012 Ecosystem natural resource policies services in the National Adaptation Programmes of Action. Climate Policy 12(4):393–409.

2. Guariguata, M.R., Locatelli B., Haupt F. 2012. Adapting tropical production forests to global climate change: risk perceptions and actions. International Forestry Review 14(1):27–38.

Assessments of climate change Database and paper on climate impacts on agroforestry systems and water impacts on forests, trees and availability. agroforestry Key publications: 1. Luedeling, E., Neufeldt, H. 2012. Carbon sequestration potential of parkland agroforestry in the Sahel. Climatic Change 115(3–4):443–461. 2. Luedeling, E., Girvetz, E.H., Semenov, M.A., Brown, P.H. 2011. Climate change affects winter chill for temperate fruit and nut trees. PLoS ONE 6(5):e20155. 3. Luedeling, E., Gassner, A. 2012. Partial least squares regression for analysing walnut phenology in California. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 158:43–52. 4. Imbach, P., Molina, L., Locatelli, B., Roupsard, O., Mahé, G., Neilson, R., Corrales, L., Scholze, M., Ciais, P. 2012. Modeling potential equilibrium states of vegetation and terrestrial water cycle of Mesoamerica under climate change scenarios. Journal of Hydrometeorology 13(2):665–680. 5. Ranjitkar, S., Luedeling, E., Kumar Shrestha, K., Xu, J. 2013. Flowering phenology of Tree Rhododendron along an elevation gradient in two sites of Eastern Himalaya. International Journal of Biometeorology 57(2):225– 240. 6. Luedeling, E., Kunz, A., Blanke, M. 2012. Identification of chilling and heat requirements of cherry trees – a statistical approach. International Journal of Biometeorology 10.1007/s00484-012-0594-y. 7. Imbach, P., Locatelli, B., Molina, L., Ciais, P., Leadley, P. Climate change and plant dispersal along corridors in fragmented landscapes of Mesoamerica. Ecology and Evolution.

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Papers under review: 1. Tanui, J., Douglas, S. Rural institutions and adaptation to climate change. 2. Tanui, J., Douglas, S. Understanding rural institutional strengthening: a cross-level policy and institutional framework for sustainable development in Kenya. 3. Luedeling, E., Blanke, M., Gebauer, J. Chilling challenges in a warming world. 4. Guo, L., Dai, J., Ranjitkar, S., Xu, J., Luedeling, E. Response of chestnut phenology in China to climate variation and change. 5. Tanui, J., Douglas, S. Understanding rural institutional strengthening: a cross-level policy and institutional framework for sustainable development in Kenya. ICRAF Working Paper No. 142. World Agroforestry Centre, Nairobi. 6. Tanui, J. Looking at the role of innovation platforms in fostering collective action. (Manuscript is complete and under local peer review.)

Additional papers: 1. Call, I., Vosti, S.A., Boucher, S.R., Luedeling, E. 2012. Technology adoption and climate-related policy evaluation among East African smallholders: a bioeconomic model of the trade-offs between trees and subsistence. Oral presentation and conference paper. Annual Meeting of the Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, Seattle, WA, USA, 12–14 August 2012. 2. Yang, X., Luedeling, E., Chen, G., Hyde, K.D., Yang, Y., Zhou, D., Xu, J., Yang, Y. 2012. Climate change effects fruiting of the prize matsutake mushroom in China. Fungal Diversity 56:189–198. 3. Yang, X., Kodikara, G.R.L., Luedeling, E., Yang, X., He, J., Liu, P., Xu, J. 2012. Looking below the ground: prediction of economic mushroom Tuber indicum habitat using the weight of evidence method. Ecological Modelling 247:27–39.

Also completed: • Three reports on analyses of climate change scenarios and their impacts on ecosystem services in Laos, Honduras and Burkina Faso (Rafanoharana et al.). • Two draft reports on climate change and forest fires (Herawati et al.) • Workshop report: Luedeling, E. 2012. Design of a strategy for biophysical modeling of agroforestry systems. Workshop report. Trees for Food Security project.

Cross-sectional data are being collected in Embu and Kapchorwa districts (Joseph Tanui) Analysis of the vulnerability and Key publications: adaptive strategies of local 1. Djoudi, H., Brockhaus, M., Locatelli, B. 2012. Once there was a lake: communities to climate vulnerability to environmental changes in northern Mali. Regional variability and climate change, in Environmental Change doi: 10.1007/s10113-011-0262-5. interaction with other 2. Sonwa, D.J., Somorin, O.A., Jum, C., Bele, M.Y., Nkem, J.K. 2012. socioeconomic and political Vulnerability, forest-related sectors and climate change adaptation: the changes case of Cameroon. Forest Policy and Economics 23:1–9 3. Nkem, J., Somorin, O., Jum, C., Idinoba, M.E., Bele, Y.M., Sonwa, D.J. 2012. Profiling climate change vulnerability of forest indigenous 54 CRP performance monitoring report 2012

communities in the Congo Basin. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change doi 10.1007/s11027-012-9372-8 4. In press. The role of local government units in mainstreaming climate change adaptation: the case of Albay, Philippines. 5. Brockhaus, M., Djoudi, H. and Locatelli, B. 2013. Envisioning the future and learning from the past: adapting to a changing environment in northern Mali. Environmental Science & Policy 25:94–106. 6. Pramova E., Locatelli B., Djoudi H., Somorin O. 2012. Forests and trees for social adaptation to climate variability and change. WIREs Climate Change 3:581–596. 7. Two briefs published on forests and trees for social adaptation to climate variability and change (Pramova et al.)

Additional papers: 1. Under review: Reducing subsistence farmers’ vulnerability to climate change: evaluating the potential contributions of agroforestry in western Kenya. (Henry) 2. First draft paper on socioeconomic vulnerability of Brazil nut extracting communities in the Amazon. (Konstantin) 3. Ongoing paper on Vietnam (Meine). 4. Accepted paper: Boissière, M., Locatelli, B., Sheil, D., Padmanaba, M., Ermayanti. In press. Local perceptions of climate variability and change in tropical forests of Papua (Indonesia). Ecology and Society. 5. Accepted paper: Bele, M.Y., Tiani, A.M., Somorin, O., Sonwa D.J. In press. Exploring vulnerability and adaptation needs to climate variability and change of local communities in the humid forest zone of Cameroon. Climatic Change. 6. Accepted contribution to the Africa chapter of IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (four CIFOR authors). 7. Two PROFOR reports (accepted) on forest ecosystem services and resilient urban water in Honduras (Diaz-Briones et al.) and on climate change and ecosystem services of dry Dipterocarp forests in Laos (Russell et al.). 8. Three reports (draft or under revision) about vulnerability assessment in different sites in Central Africa (COBAM). Integration of climate change A guidebook for mainstreaming climate change into biodiversity planning in and biodiversity into national the Philippines is in preparation (Rodel). planning processes Climate change impact analysis of native palm species (Babaçu Orbignya phalerata, Tucumã Astrocaryum vulgare) to support the agro-ecological zoning program in the state of Para and Maranjão, Brazil (Konstantin). Analysis of the trade-offs Key publications: between economic, 1. Minang, P.A., van Noordwijk, M., Swallow, B.M. 2012. High-carbon-stock environmental and cultural rural development pathways in Asia and Africa: improved land benefits of changes in tree management for climate change mitigation. In Nair, P.K.R., Garrity, D.P. species richness and evenness (eds.) Agroforestry: the future of global land use, 127–143. Springer, within tropical farming systems Dordrecht, The Netherlands. 2. Van Noordwijk, M., Tata, H.L., Xu, J., Dewi, S., Minang, P. 2012. Segregate or integrate for multifunctionality and sustained change through rubber- based agroforestry in Indonesia and China. In Nair, P.K.R., Garrity, D.P. (eds.) Agroforestry: the future of global land use, 69–104. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. 55 CRP performance monitoring report 2012

3. Minang, P.A., van Noordwijk, M., Gockowski, J. 2011. Carbon trade-offs along tropical forest margins: lessons from ASB work in Cameroon. In Wollenberg, E., et al. (eds.) Designing agricultural mitigation for smallholders in developing countries, 391–398. Earthscan, London. 4. Venter, O., Possingham, H.P., Hovani, L., Dewi, S., Griscom, B., Paoli, G., Wells, P., Wilson, K.A. 2013. Using systematic conservation planning to minimize REDD+ conflict with agriculture and logging in the tropics. Conservation Letters doi: 10.1111/j.1755-263X.2012.00287.x 5. Dewi, S., van Noordwijk, M., Ekadinata, A., Pfund, J.-L. 2013. Protected areas within multifunctional landscapes: squeezing out intermediate land use intensities in the tropics? Land Use Policy 30(1):38–56 doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.02.006 6. Minang, P.A., Noordwijk, M., Kahurani, E., Bernard, F. 2012. REDD+ through conservation landscapes: opportunities and challenges. ASB Policy Brief No. 29. ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins, Nairobi. Output 6.4.2.3. Best-practice methods

Literature review for adaptation In progress. mapping

Datasets and tools on past and A journal article on potential of multi-century climate data reconstruction has future climate, climate been published (Aster). analogues, vegetation maps, and vegetation changes Laboratory and tools established to measure past climates (Aster).

The climate analogue tool is functional but is still being refined. It is discussed or mentioned in the following articles: 1. Applied in a study on Sahelian agroforestry systems: Luedeling, E., Neufeldt, H. 2012. Carbon sequestration potential of parkland agroforestry in the Sahel. Climatic Change 115(3–4):443–461. 2. Mentioned as a promising tool for adapting orchards to climate change: Luedeling, E. 2012. Climate change impacts on winter chill for temperate fruit and nut production: a review. Scientia Horticulturae 144:218–229. Assessment of global A paper on habitat suitability for temperate trees has been published: agroforestry trajectories Luedeling, E., Girvetz, E.H., Semenov, M.A., Brown, P.H. 2011 Climate change affects winter chill for temperate fruit and nut trees. PLoS ONE 6(5):e20155.

A review on the difficulty of projecting climate change impacts, with a particular focus on winter chill for temperate trees, has been published: Luedeling, E. 2012. Climate change impacts on winter chill for temperate fruit and nut production: a review. Scientia Horticulturae 144:218–229.

Analysis framework for projecting the impacts of climate change on ecosystems almost completed (tree component still missing) (Eike, Konstantin).

Assessment and capacity strengthening tool for using tree diversities within agroforestry systems to reduce vulnerability to climate change completed (Sonya).

Multiple-level data on shock, exposure, responses and impacts of market and

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rainfall fluctuations on land uses, biodiversity, watershed function, trees and livelihoods were collected and compiled for 40 villages. Data cleaning for further analysis is underway (Sonya)

Article on phenotypic diversity of a baobab population in Sudan in press: Gebauer, J., Luedeling, E. 2013. A note on the Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) in Kordofan, Sudan. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution doi: 10.1007/s10722-013-9964-5.

Report: Luedeling, E., Muthuri, C., Kindt, R. 2012. Ecosystem vulnerability to climate change – a literature review.

Assessment of impacts of climate Paper on climate change impacts on cocoa agroforestry systems in the change on the distribution of Amazon (Konstantin) tree species and agroforestry systems

Tools and methods for assessing Key publications: vulnerability and planning 1. Andrade, A. Córdoba, R., Dave, R., Girot, P., Herrera-F., B., Munroe, R., adaptation with local Oglethorpe, J., Pramova, E., Watson, J., Vergara, W. 2011. Draft principles communities and guidelines for integrating ecosystem-based approaches to adaptation in project and policy design: a discussion document. CEM/IUCN, CATIE, Kenya. 2. Djoudi, H., Brockhaus, M., Brown, H.C.P., Bandiaky-Badji, S. 2012. Gender, climate change and women’s representation. Infobrief. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. 3. German, L., Tiani, A.M., Daoudi, A., Mutimukuru-Maravanyika, T., Chuma, E., Jum, C., Nemarundwe, N., Ontita, E., Yitamben, G. 2012. The application of participatory action research to climate change adaptation in Africa: A reference guide. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. 4. German, L., Tiani, A.M., Daoudi, A., Mutimukuru-Maravanyika, T., Chuma, E., Jum, C., Nemarundwe, N., Ontita, E., Yitamben, G. 2012. L’application de la recherche-action participative à l'adaptation aux changements climatiques en Afrique. Manuel de référence. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia.

Additional papers: 1. Bele, M.Y., Sonwa, D.J., Tiani, A.M. Supporting local adaptive capacity to climate change in the Congo basin forest of Cameroon: a participatory action research approach. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 2. Draft Working paper: Current vulnerability: an integrated participatory methodology (CIFOR, COBAM) 3. Draft paper on methods: Pavageau, C., Locatelli, B., Tiani, A.M., Sonwa, D. What drives the vulnerability of rural communities to climate variability? Theme 6.4.3. Understanding the role of forests, trees and agroforestry in achieving synergies between climate change mitigation and adaptation

Outcome: Increased recognition of synergies between mitigation and adaptation leads to increased investment in these types of activities in rural communities to enhance co-benefits of national REDD+ programs (2012-2020).

Outcome: Mitigation and adaptation are increasingly integrated in national sector planning documents (2015-2020).

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Outcome: International development agencies and NGOs jointly increase their implementation of both mitigation and adaptation activities (2015-2020).

Output 6.4.3.1. Informing international- and national-level policy processes

Monitoring ES, adaptation and Report published on monitoring forest cover change for PES in indigenous mitigation measures areas of the Peruvian Amazon (Konstantin).

Duguma, L.A., Minang, P.A., Wambugu, S., Bernard, F. The potential for linking climate change adaptation and mitigation through land management.

Duguma, L.A., Minang, P.A., Wambugu, S., et al. Synergies between climate change adaptation and mitigation measures in the land use sector.

Minang, P.A., van Noordwijk, M., Kanninen, M., Prabhu, R., Neufeldt, H., Gupta, J., Duguma, L.A. Prospects for synergy between adaptation and mitigation in land-based climate policy. Duguma, L.A., Minang, P.A., van Noordwijk, M. Climate change mitigation and adaptation measures: from complementarity to synergy. Minang, P.A., Duguma, L.A., et al. Climate smart landscapes: integrating mitigation, adaptation and development in Shinyanga, Tanzania. Policy brief.

Identification of opportunities to Key publications: integrate adaptation and 1. CIFOR. 2012. Forests and climate change adaptation: what policymakers mitigation activities in policies should know. CIFOR Factsheet for Rio+20. 2. Three published reports on policy processes on adaptation and mitigation in Central Africa: Pongui, B.S., Kenfack, C.E. 2012. Adaptation et atténuation en République du Congo: acteurs et processus politiques. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. Gapia, M., Bele, Y. 2012. Adaptation et atténuation en République centrafricaine: acteurs et processus politiques. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. Nguema, J., Pavageau, C., 2012. Adaptation et atténuation en Guinée équatoriale: acteurs et processus politiques. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia.

Additional papers: 1. Chia E.L., Somorin O.A., Bele M.Y., Tiani A.M. and Sonwa D.J. In press. Forest–climate nexus: linking adaptation and mitigation in Cameroon's climate policy process. Sustainable Development. 2. Occasional paper under review: Kengoum, F., Tiani, A.-M. Politiques d'adaptation et d'atténuation au Cameroun. Pistes pour des synergies. Output 6.4.3.2. Informing subnational and local initiatives

Identification of opportunities to Key publication: integrate adaptation and Murdiyarso, D., Kauffman, J.B., Warren, M., Pramova, E., Hergoualc’h, K. 2012. mitigation activities in forestry Tropical wetlands for climate change adaptation and mitigation: science and projects policy imperatives with special reference to Indonesia. Working Paper 91. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. Global dataset of project portfolio collected and under analysis. Draft reports on adaptation and mitigation analysis in local sites in Central Africa. Online platform on forest and climate change adaptation and mitigation in weADAPT, a fast-growing climate adaptation community of nearly 2000 members, 300 organizations, an extensive set of knowledge base articles and 58 CRP performance monitoring report 2012

the popular Adaptation Layer, a 3D visualization of case studies on Google Earth. Output 6.4.3.3. Best-practice methods

Methods and tools for mapping Paper under final review: Locatelli, B., Imbach, P., Wunder, S. Synergies and ecosystem services and analysing trade-offs between ecosystem services in Costa Rica. Environmental their trade-offs or synergies Conservation. (carbon vs. services relevant for adaptation) Fieldwork ongoing.

Component 6.5: Impacts of trade and investment on forests and people Theme 6.5.1. Understanding the processes and impacts of forest-related trade and investment

Outcome: Multilateral and regional financial institutions adopt policies and guidelines that promote responsible forest- related investments in support of sustainable and inclusive business models.

Output 6.5.1.1. Assessment of processes and factors through which trade and investment influence forests and people

Assessment of the socio- We built and made available online a spatially explicit database focused on ecological conditions shaping the biofuel investments and associated large-scale land acquisition geographies of investment for (http://www.cifor.org/bioenergy/maps/). large-scale land acquisition for food, fodder and biofuel We developed a framework for assessing the spatial, policy and institutional production determinants of land-based investment and land use change implications based on cattle ranching in the Brazilian Amazon: Pacheco, P., Poccard-Chapuis, R. 2012. The complex evolution of cattle ranching development amid market integration and policy shifts in the Brazilian Amazon. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 102(6):1366–1390. doi: 10.1080/00045608.2012.678040

An analysis assessing the characteristics and profitability of oil palm production at various scales and locations and opportunity costs is in the final stage of completion. A manuscript is being drafted under the tentative title: “Smallholder engagement in oil palm production”.

Comparative analysis of patterns We published a scoping study of Chinese trade and investment in southern of Chinese trade and investment Africa covering trends in the Chinese timber trade in Mozambique and trends in commodities affecting Zambia, copper in Zambia and chromium in Zimbabwe, and another report on forests, and the policies and the Congo Basin corporate strategies influencing (http://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/WPapers/WP67Putzel.pdf). impacts Additional publications are as follows:

1. German, L.A., Schoneveld, G.C., Wertz-Kanounnikoff, S., Gumbo, D. 2011. Chinese trade and investment and its impacts on forests: a scoping study in the Miombo woodlands. Working Paper No. 84. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. http://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/WPapers/WP84German.pdf 2. Putzel, L., Assembe-Mvondo, S., Bilogo Bi Ndong, L., Banioguila, R.P., Cerutti, P., Chupezi Tieguhong, J., Djeukam, R., Kabuyaya, N., Lescuyer, G., Mala, W. 2011. Chinese trade and investment and the forests of the Congo Basin: synthesis of scoping studies in Cameroon, Democratic Republic of 59 CRP performance monitoring report 2012

Congo and Gabon. Working Paper No. 67. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. http://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/WPapers/WP67Putzel.pdf 3. Wenbin, H., Wilkes, A. 2011. Analysis of China’s overseas investment policies. Working Paper No. 79. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. http://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/WPapers/WP-79CIFOR.pdf 4. Wenbin, H., Wilkes, A. 2011. Analysis of approvals for Chinese companies to invest in Africa’s mining, agriculture and forestry sectors. Working Paper No. 81. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. http://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/WPapers/WP81CIFOR.pdf A journal article has been published: Wenbin, H., Wilkes, A., Xiufang, S., Terheggen, A. 2013. Who is importing forest products from Africa to China? An analysis of implications for initiatives to enhance legality and sustainability. Environment, Development, Sustainability 15(2):339–354. doi: 10.1007/s10668-012- 9413-1

A paper on the pattern of Chinese investment in Cameroon’s rubber sector is in preparation (draft in translation). An article has been submitted on the political economy of Chinese engagement with large-scale and small-scale timber permits in Mozambique.

Analysis of greenhouse gas We have completed a spatial database of traded commodities in the Amazon emissions embedded in national region as a basis for building an explicit budget of volumes of production, and international crop and trade and associated greenhouse gas emissions in this region. For most livestock trade in the Amazon Amazon countries, production data on crops and pastures have been collected region and merged into a single GIS file for the entire Amazon basin. Corresponding deforestation data for Brazil have been collected at the municipal level. The next steps are to estimate trade volumes from the FAOSTAT and COMTRADE databases and link to emissions tied to this production and trade.

Outcome: Development bodies and private actors with significant forest-related investments adopt sustainable standards that facilitate equitable benefit sharing and maintenance of forest goods and services.

Output 6.5.1.2. Analysis of the impacts on forests and people’s livelihoods associated with trade and investment trends

Assessment of the implications Funds have been secured from CORDAID and complementary resources from of large-scale land acquisition for CRP6 are now available to advance this work. Three papers on the topic have fibre, food and fuel in Indonesia been published: and formulation of policy options 1. Obidzinski, K., Andriani, R., Komarudin, H., Andrianto, A. 2012. for achieving more sustainable Environmental and social impacts of oil palm plantations and their outcomes implications for biofuel production in Indonesia. Ecology and Society 17(1):25. http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol17/iss1/art25/. 2. Obidzinski, K., Takahashi, I., Dermawan, A., Komarudin, H. and Andrianto, A. 2012. Can large scale land acquisition for agro-development in Indonesia be managed sustainably? Land Use Policy 30(1):952–965. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.06.018. 3. Obidzinski, K., Dermawan, A. 2012. Pulp industry and environment in Indonesia: is there sustainable future? Regional Environmental Change 12(4):961–966. Understand the implications of Two reports, one each on Mozambique–China and Zambia–China timber value Chinese forest-related trade and chains, were written in 2012 and are in revision. One report on Gabon–China investment for national timber value chains is in preparation as of early 2013. Two reports on the economic development, local livelihood effects of Chinese and non-Chinese timber companies are in livelihoods and forests preparation and will be completed during 2013.

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Analysis of the formal and Three occasional papers have been published characterizing domestic timber informal domestic and regional markets in Cameroon, Gabon and DRC: timber markets and their 1. Cerutti, P., Lescuyer G. 2011. The domestic market for small-scale influence on local forest use and chainsaw milling in Cameroon. Occasional Paper No. 61. CIFOR, Bogor, benefits Indonesia. http://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/OccPapers/OP- 61.pdf. 2. Lescuyer, G., Cerutti, P., Ndotit Manguiengha, S., BIlogo bi Ndong, L.. 2011. The domestic market for small-scale chainsaw milling in Gabon. Occasional Paper No. 65. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. http://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/OccPapers/OP-65.pdf. 3. Lescuyer G., Yembe-Yembe, R.I., Cerutti, P. 2011. The domestic market for small-scale chainsaw milling in the Republic of Congo. Occasional Paper No. 74. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. http://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/OccPapers/OP-74.pdf. Two additional country reports, on Indonesia and Ecuador, are being drafted.

Currently, two complementary draft papers have been developed for Indonesia. The first paper explores the state and structure of the Indonesian forestry sector, timber production, processing and trade. The second paper sets out scenarios describing policy interventions and their economic and social implications – especially for the small-scale timber sector. These drafts will be combined into a single paper, which will examine the forestry sector in Indonesia, assess the place of the small-scale sector and present narrative scenarios around three key variables (employment, timber demand, tax revenues).

Outcome: Regional trade and economic bodies discuss options to reduce the social and environmental impacts of trade and investments based on more accurate assessments of their magnitude.

Output 6.5.1.3. Methods for improved assessments of forest-related economic and ecological impacts from trade and investment

Tools for improved analysis of The assessment of the local economic geography of greenhouse gas emissions the geography of greenhouse gas embedded in trade for selected locations in the Amazon has been delayed. It emissions embedded in trade will be implemented during 2013 as part of the Sentinel Landscapes initiative. and life-cycle analysis under varying biophysical and An improved framework and methods for assessing opportunities to reduce technological conditions emissions through avoided land use change through feedstock and fossil fuel substitution are under development. A Biofuel Emission Reduction Estimator Scheme (BERES) spreadsheet was developed under the TULSEA project (http://www.worldagroforestry.org/sea/Publications/files/leaflet/LE0154- 09.PDF).

We have contributed to an article assessing the importance of management techniques in carbon emissions related to the production of specific bioenergy crops: Davis, S.C., Boddey, R.M., Alves, B.J.R., Cowie, A., Davies, C., George, B., Ogle, S.M., Smith, P., van Noordwijk, M., van Wijk, M., 2013. Management swing potential for bioenergy crops. GCB Bioenergy doi: 10.1111/gcbb.12042.

A policy brief comparing trade versus area-based emission accounts and spillover from biofuels to other commodities is in development. Following is a link to a blog on the topic:

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http://blog.worldagroforestry.org/index.php/2013/01/15/bad-news-for- international-bio-energy-regulators/

A policy brief has been published assessing the carbon footprint of oil palm production in Indonesia under various biophysical and technological conditions: Khasanah, N., Ekadinata, A., Rahayu, S., van Noordwijk, M., Ningsih, N., Setiawan, A., Dwiyanti, E., Dewi, S., Octaviani, R. 2012. Carbon footprint of Indonesian palm oil production. Oil Palm Flyer No. 1. World Agroforestry Centre Southeast Asia Program, Bogor, Indonesia.

Theme 6.5.2. Enhancing responses and policy options to mitigate negative impacts and enhance positive impacts from trade and investment

Outcome: Multi-stakeholder processes adopt improved principles and criteria for sustainable and equitable production of food, fibre, timber and biofuels.

Output 6.5.2.1. Lessons learned on market-driven processes and international sustainability initiatives

Analysis of the social impacts of A journal article assessing the impacts of FSC certification in Cameroon, based FSC certification in Cameroon on selected case studies, has been submitted to the journal International and recommendations to reverse Forestry and is under review. shortcomings

Assessment of the effectiveness A report assessing the effectiveness of non-market-based instruments with of non-state market instruments applicability to biofuel development has been published: and drivers for adoption of Pacheco, P., German, L., van Gelder, J.W., Weinberger, K., Guariguata, M. standards and mechanisms 2011. Avoiding deforestation in the context of biofuel feedstock between forest and agriculture expansion: an analysis of the effectiveness of market-based instruments. Working Paper No. 73. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. http://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/WPapers/WP73Pacheco.pdf. The aim of the original activity was to analyze drivers of forest standards versus sustainable agriculture standards, and the degrees of their adoption; however, the focus has shifted slightly to assess the poverty impacts of standard systems for agroforestry products based on the case of coffee production in Nicaragua. In addition to identifying poverty impacts of standard systems, a methodology for poverty assessment was developed. The output has been submitted as an article to Food Policy and is currently under review. Outcome: Governments in consumer countries adopt policies and legislation to improve procurement guidelines that reduce the negative impacts of trade on forests and forest-based livelihoods.

Output 6.5.2.2. Improved policy regulations and institutional options for managing impacts associated with trade and investment

Enhanced engagement with law Two guidelines for Indonesian law enforcement agencies (originally published enforcement agencies (police in Indonesian in 2011) are in print in English: and prosecutors) to facilitate 1. Hartoyo, D. et al. A guide to investigative audit on corruption in the deployment of anti-corruption forestry sector. and anti-money-laundering 2. Santoso, T., Chandra, R., Sinaga, A.C., Muhajir, M. and Mardiah, S. A guide to investigation and indictment using the integrated law enforcement legislation associated with the approach. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. forestry sector http://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/BSinaga1102.pdf

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In addition, two infobriefs will be published in Q1 2013: 1. Setiono, B., Mardiah, S., Sinaga, A.C. 2012. Improving due diligence to reduce money laundering in the forestry sector. 2. Trisasongko, D., Kartika Rahayu, M., Sinaga, A.C. 2012. Strengthening Indonesia’s forest law enforcement with mutual legal assistance. CIFOR hosted a successful panel exploring the “Risks of corruption in REDD+ financing” at the 15th International Anti-Corruption Conference held in Brasilia, 7–10 November 2012.

Assessment of the effectiveness A comparative analysis of legislation and practices of large-scale land of national legal and institutional acquisition in selected African countries was completed: frameworks for customary rights German, L., Schoneveld, G., Mwangi, E. 2011. Contemporary processes of protection in the context of large-scale land acquisition by investors: case studies from sub-Saharan large-scale land acquisition Africa. Occasional Paper No. 68. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. http://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/OccPapers/OP-68.pdf

A report on the principles of customary rights protection in the context of large-scale land acquisition was completed: German, L., Schoneveld, G. 2011. Social sustainability of EU-approved voluntary schemes for biofuels: implications for rural livelihoods. Working Paper No. 75. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. http://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/WPapers/WP75German.pdf

Analysis of what is achievable An analysis of the implications of the EU Renewable Energy Directive was under current best practice in completed and recommendations were provided: support of self-regulation of the Johnson, F., Pacini, H., Smeets, E. 2011. Transformations in EU biofuels industry and of external markets under the Renewable Energy Directive and the implications for standards, such as EU biofuel land use, trade and forests. Occasional Paper 78. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. guidelines http://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/OccPapers/OP-78.pdf

Outcome: National governments in forest-rich countries adopt effective policies and regulations governing forest-related trade and investment for enhanced legality, equity and sustainability.

Output 6.5.2.3. Informed processes and platforms of policy analysis and dialogue on improved governance of trade and investment

Strategic policy engagement for In Indonesia, we have provided research input and advanced policy informing national and sub- engagement by participating in the following events: national processes for enhancing • Seminar on MP3EI and low carbon economy, organized by Strategic Asia land and forest governance (14/3) th associated with large-scale • 10 Annual Roundtable meeting on Sustainable Palm Oil (30/10-1/11), investments organized by RSPO. • Workshop on Spatial Planning of East Kalimantan, organized by the Ministry of Public Works (8/11) • Seminar on “Strategic Research and Development in the face of Climate Change in East Kalimantan”, organized by GIZ and the Mulawarman Universty’s Center for Climate Change Studies (19/11) • Discussion on MP3EI, development priorities and prospect for renewable energy, organized by LIPI and the East Kalimantan Agency for Research and Development (21/11) • Public consultation on the East Kalimantan Province Plan for the Reduction of GHG Emissions, organized by GIZ and the East Kalimantan Development Planning Board (22/11) • Workshop on Low Carbon Growth Strategy, GHG Emissions Reductions 63 CRP performance monitoring report 2012

and Other Green Initiatives in East Kalimantan, organized by East Kalimantan Bappeda and DDPI (24/11) • National Seminar on Abandoned Lands, organized by Ministry of Agriculture (28/11) • International Conference on Regulatory Reform on Indonesian Land Laws for People’s Welfare, organized by National Land Agency and University of Indonesia (11/12) • Workshop on Indonesia’s Forestlands, organized by Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) (13/12)

Several additional efforts on policy engagement at national and subnational levels have been undertaken: • Four focus group discussions were held in Central Java and East Kalimantan Provinces involving central, provincial and district government agencies and private sector entities with an emphasis on crop plantation development. • Publications and other information were provided to the Indonesian Parliamentary Commission looking into the potential for and barriers to biofuels in Indonesia and Tanzania. • Engagement with policy decision-makers for enhancing policies in domestic timber markets in Cameroon, Indonesia and Ecuador. • A consultation meeting, organized in partnership with the University Eduardo Mondlane, was held with policy-makers in Mozambique around issues of China–Africa investment; similar meetings are planned for other project countries. Support for international Participation in policy dialogues and conferences at the global and regional sustainability initiatives on levels mainly focused on two topics: bioenergy development and land production standards and land acquisition. Several presentations were delivered, including at: and forest governance guidelines • Second Annual World Congress of Bioenergy, Xi’an, China, 27 April 2012 • 10th Annual Roundtable meeting on Sustainable Palm Oil (30/10-1/11), organized by RSPO • World Bank Conference on Poverty and Land Tenure, Washington, DC, April 2012 • International Workshop on Large-Scale Land Acquisitions, GIGA, Hamburg, May 2012 • The State Forest Administration Green Economy Conference, Beijing, April 2012 • Land Grabbing II, the Land Deals Politics Initiative (LDPI), New York, October 2012 We developed analysis to inform multi-stakeholder platform and negotiations (e.g., RSB, RSPO) for the enhancement of environmental sustainability criteria: Guariguata, M., Masera, O., Martínez-Bravo, R., Johnson, F., Tella, P., Von Maltitz, G., Bird, N. 2011. A review of environmental issues in the context of biofuel sustainability frameworks. Occasional Paper No. 69. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. http://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/OccPapers/OP-69.pdf

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Sentinel landscapes Outcome: Create long-term socio-ecological research sites for CRP6 with a commitment from donors to fund such work and commitment from CRP6 scientists and management to engage in long-term work to accumulate data, comparisons and experiences. Output: A network of priority landscapes selected

Inventory of candidate sites All Tier 1 landscapes and 2 Tier 2 landscapes delivered: with legacy data and • An updated list of all available data, described using appropriate information about availability metadata (including ownership of the data, location of the data, and accessibility of data and link owner’s agreement to use the data), to be archived by December to CRP6 component questions. 2012 as part of the sentinel landscapes database. • A list of all available and accessible digital imagery with metadata • List of all ongoing and past projects undertaken by CGIAR centers and partners • A description of the availability (years and resolution) and accessibility of government census data with respect to long-term human welfare, demographic and human health data Output: Platform for data archiving and data sharing provided and necessary policies and guidelines in place

Establishment of an data • CRP6 Dataverse established as part of the Harvard database network archiving platform http://dvn.iq.harvard.edu/dvn/dv/crp6/ • 17 validated and cleaned databases uploaded to the dataverse: Central Africa, Afro-montane, Nicaragua Honduras, Western Ghats • ICRAF’s new GIS platform, the “Geoportal”, chosen for sentinel landscapes work: http://geoportal.worldagroforestry.org/ Development of Protocols and • Draft research data sharing guidelines developed with main partners guidelines for Data archiving (CIRAD, CATIE, ETH) Data management support to all • Ongoing data management support to all sentinel landscape teams landscape teams • Training and induction of various data managers at ICRAF HQ Output: Produce a data set that will be widely used and referred to by both donors and partners

Partner engagement • Three sentinel landscapes are being led by partners: Western Ghats by ETH, Nicaragua Honduras by CATIE, Tree Observatories by CIRAD • Each of the landscape teams held regional workshops within its sentinel landscapes to introduce CRP6 and, in particular, the sentinel landscape. Partners recognize that the framework provided by the sentinel landscapes approach could catalyze the emergence of a more coordinated and collaborative research approach across the landscapes; this in itself should be considered a CG impact, regardless of the actual direct links to the CG system. In terms of impact, this in itself would be a substantial benefit to research on agriculture, development and NRM. • Each of the landscape teams was asked to identify research opportunities for CRP6 components within its landscapes. Teams used different means to achieve this goal: some made use of partner feedback during regional workshops, whereas others used bilateral meetings with strategic partners and relevant stakeholders. These resulted in a total of 6 “hold back proposals” linked to sentinel landscapes as part of CRP6 activities in 2013. • Each landscape team submitted at least two concept notes for joint research proposals with partners in its sentinel landscape; these are in various stages of discussion with CRP6 component leaders. Interdisciplinary regional teams • All sentinel landscapes teams nominated cross-institutional teams, formed to conduct a meta- consisting of at least 2 of the 4 CG centers involved in CRP6 and their analysis across sites partners. Clear roles and responsibilities were allocated to each team member. Teams consist of a landscape coordinator, a data manager and a field team. 65 CRP performance monitoring report 2012

Proof of concept for various • The Land Degradation Surveillance Framework (LDSF) was improved methodologies to include a tree species module, tested at the In-depth Agincourt Site in South Africa. • New forest indices were developed and tested for their relevance to livelihood outcomes with the Poverty Environmental Network (PEN) dataset for Africa. • Generic household questionnaire was developed, incorporating existing methodologies such as those from the Poverty Environmental Network (PEN), International Forestry Resources and Institutions (IFRI) and Living Standards Measurement Study (lsms) • Dewi, S. et al. Working paper: Beyond case studies of Poverty- Environment Nexus: a methodological perspective. • Norton Griffiths, M., Herr, H. 2012. Analysis of the drivers of land use and land cover change in western Kenya. Report. Meta-analysis • Two design workshops were held, in Southeast Asia and Africa. At the workshops, 50 CRP6 scientists selected key hypotheses on tree cover and livelihoods to be tested across the sentinel landscapes. • Baseline will be based on “most different system design” to answer the overarching research question “Does a variation in tree cover/tree quality affect any of the four system-level outcomes?” • Mixed models were tested to link socioeconomic indicators with environmental indicators; work is ongoing and being tested using CCAFS datasets and available land health information. • Landscape-specific research questions discussed with partners will form the bases for the development of add-on modules in 2013. Development of Protocols for • New version of the method portal was designed, prototyped and sufficient standardization of tested at ICRAF. data collection and analysis methods across sites

Output: Communication and information flow between all CRP6 scientists with respect to sentinel landscapes established

Webpage • Sentinel landscape webpage under development by ICRAF communications unit; launch expected by end of August 2013; improvements to follow. Presentations • Presentations given at regional workshops to partners in all sentinel landscapes

Communications Outcome: Create an integrated communication program across all centers to maximize impact of CRP6 outputs

Output: Create a strong and dynamic online presence for CRP6

CGIAR.org: Creation and regular CRP6 Communication Support Unit (CSU) liaised with the CGIAR Consortium updating of CRP6 webpage on Office to create a CRP6 page on CGIAR.org: http://www.cgiar.org/our- cgiar.org research/cgiar-research-programs/cgiar-research-program-on-forests-trees- and-agroforestry/ Center websites: Creation and CSU: The CSU used CIFOR’s website to create a template for CRP6 landing regular updating of CRP6 web pages for each center’s website. The CRP6 webpage on CIFOR’s site is at pages on websites of CIFOR, http://www.cifor.org/crp6/crp.html. ICRAF, Bioversity and CIAT ICRAF and Bioversity created landing pages for CRP6 on their sites: http://www.bioversityinternational.org/research/conservation/forests_and_ trees.html http://www.bioversityinternational.org/forest_genetic_resources_programm e.html http://worldagroforestry.org/crp6

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Output: Create cutting-edge publications to maximize impact of CRP6 research findings

Publications: Provide CIFOR published 6 occasional papers, 21 working papers, 10 books, 18 policy translation, editing, design, briefs and factsheets, and 93 ISI journal articles, multilingual DVD libraries. layout and printing support Bioversity International produced a total of 20 outputs (2 books, 1 conference and workshop paper, 6 factsheets, 11 peer-reviewed journal articles). The World Agroforestry Centre published 19 ISI journal articles, 18 book chapters, 3 conference papers and 3 working papers. Output: Market CRP6 outputs to key stakeholders

Blogs: Articles will be written CIFOR posted 263 blog stories in English (www.blog.cifor.org), all of which and posted on centers’ blogs to were related to CRP6. Of these, 116 were translated into Spanish, 9 into promote key policy messages Portuguese, 46 into French and 90 into Indonesian. from CRP6 outputs Bioversity posted 8 web stories and 5 blog posts, including 4 video stories, related to CRP6 work and research. CIAT published 14 blogs related to its CRP6 work. ICRAF posted 82 blog stories (http://blog.worldagroforestry.org/), 61 feature articles and 195 “Agroforestry News” posts on its website. Media: Make use of mainstream CIFOR issued 14 press releases in 2012. Highlights include a joint CIFOR– media to promote awareness of ICRAF–CGIAR press release in February on the importance of dry forests for key messages stemming from the famine in the Horn of Africa, the launch of the State of the Forest report CRP6 research in March (a comprehensive assessment of forest cover in the Congo Basin) and the June release of CIFOR’s third REDD+ book, Analysing REDD+. CIFOR expanded its engagement with journalists in 2012, and hits of media reports mentioning CIFOR (and therefore related to CRP6) totaled 1662 – an 88.2% increase from 2012 (according to Meltwater, Yahoo Pipes, and Google). CIFOR entered into a content partnership agreement with Reuters Alertnet in 2012; blogs related to CRP6 are syndicated to the site, which gets 12 million visits annually. Bioversity issued a press release on slash and burn in January 2012, which was featured on SciDev.net. J. Cherfas was interviewed for an article published in The Washington Times: “Kyrgyz conservationists save trees by helping farmers”. World Agroforestry Centre engaged with the media through press releases, events and interview opportunities for journalists. Highlights include stories and opinion pieces in the New York Times India Blog, Forbes India Blog, Mars Cocoa Sustainability blog, The National Geographic Newswatch Blog, The Guardian, The Economist, Deutsche Welle Radio, Swedish, Dutch and Italian radio, CCTV SciDev.Net, AlertNet, Daily Nation (Kenya), Ethiopian national TV and French TV Monde, as well as print, radio and television coverage on various other media outlets. Three blogs from UNCBD COP 11 events in Hyderabad were published on the CIFOR ForestNews blog. Total media hits exceeded 450 (according to Meltwater). Other social media: Centers will CIFOR expanded its use of social media to promote CRP6 outputs. In 2012, make full use of other social the number of followers of CIFOR’s 4 news feeds on Facebook (English, media tools to promote Spanish, French and Indonesian) reached 6170 (104% increase since January awareness of CRP6 outputs 2012), and the number of followers of its 4 Twitter feeds (English, French, Spanish and Indonesian) reached 7948 (152% increase). In addition, CIFOR uploaded 260 PowerPoint presentations on SlideShare in 2012, which have been viewed almost 200,000 times, and produced 175 videos in 2012, which have been viewed 48,000 times; views of its 3460 photographs on Flickr reached 194,000 in 2012. Bioversity social media also grew throughout 2012, with more than 1200 new fans on Facebook and more than 1000 new followers on Twitter; the YouTube top 10 videos were seen >61,000 times with 90 new subscribers. The World Agroforestry Centre’s following on social media continued to grow during the second half of 2012. By February 2013, ICRAF had 4286 67 CRP performance monitoring report 2012

followers on Twitter (up 53%), 3230 friends on Facebook (up 55%) and 96 subscribers (up 45%) and 13,587 total views on YouTube (up 29%). CIAT’s Facebook followers grew to about 1800 and its Twitter followers to 3750 in 2012. CIAT’s cumulative total number of Flickr views rose to 750,000. Events: The centers participated jointly in conferences and workshops, including: 1. Planet Under Pressure in London in March 2. Rio+20 Dialogues and 4 side events in Rio de Janeiro in June including Forests: the 8th Roundtable and Agriculture and Rural Development Day (AgDay) 3. IUFRO/FORNESSA at the World Agroforestry Centre Headquarters in Nairobi in June 4. IUCN World Conservation Congress in Jeju in September 5. UNCBD COP 11 in Hyderabad in October 6. Second Global Conference on Agricultural Research for Development (GCARD2) in Punta del Este in October 7. Thirteen side events during the UNFCCC COP 18 in Doha in November–December 8. Forest Day 6 in Doha in December 9. ALL Day 5 Roundtable Sessions in Doha in December

CIFOR distributed CRP6 publications at all the above joint conferences and at 17 other conferences and workshops in 2012, including at the Global Conference on Women in Agriculture in New Delhi in March and the 4th IndoGreen Forestry Expo in April in Jakarta. In May, CIFOR distributed CRP6 publications at the UNFCCC 36th Subsidiary Bodies session in Bonn and at the 13th Congress of the International Society of Ethnobiology in Montpellier. In June, CIFOR distributed CRP6 publications during the visit by the Indonesian President to the CIFOR Campus in Bogor and at the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation in Bonito, at the ISEE 2012 conference in Rio de Janeiro and at Rio+20, UN Conference on Sustainable Development in Rio de Janeiro. Bioversity connected with CRP6 colleagues about event opportunities, including sending a blogger to Malaysia, making sure the honey hunters workshop was covered and connecting with appropriate representatives. Also Rio+20 and COP 11 help with organizing Forest Day events. The World Agroforestry Centre ran stands and displays at many of the above conferences, including at the UNCBD COP 11 in Hyderabad, UNFCCC COP 18 in Doha, UNFCCC SBSTA meeting in Bonn and the UN Forum on Forests. At the UNCBD COP 11, the World Agroforestry Centre held “Tree Diversity Day” in partnership with CIFOR and Bioversity. At the UNFCCC COP 18, the World Agroforestry Centre held or participated in 10 side events, the “Drivers of Deforestation” side event on Forest Day 6, and a symposium titled “Biofuels – getting rid of the hype”. CIAT provided communications support for CGIAR events held in connection with Rio+20 and for Forest Day 6 as well as ALL Day 5 in Doha. Output: Promote CRP6 internal communications to maximize synergies

Establishment of an internal The Communications team is using Yammer for routine communications communication platform within the group. SlideShare has been selected. Roll-out of version 1 expected by mid August 2012. Training and improvements to follow. Branding guidelines: Established CGIAR Branding Guidelines were shared with CRP6 component leaders at an & disseminated internal operational meeting in Nairobi in July. Communications Calendar: Calendar listing all planned communications support for CRP6 outputs and Creation & maintenance of a activities in 2012 was produced, hosted on Google Docs and shared among CRP6 communications calendar communication focal points.

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Annex D: CRP indicators of progress, with glossary and targets

CRPs Indicator Comments Deviation 2012 2013 2014 concerned narrative (if Target (if Actual Target Target by this actual is more available indicator than 10% away for 2012) from target) KNOWLEDGE, TOOLS, DATA All 1. Number of flagship “products” n/a n/a 93 n/a n/a produced by CRP All 2. % of flagship products produced n/a n/a 12 n/a n/a that have explicit target of women farmers/NRM managers All 3. % of flagship products produced n/a n/a 2 n/a n/a that have been assessed for likely gender-disaggregated impact All 4. Number of ”tools” produced by n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a CRP All 5. % of tools that have an explicit n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a target of women farmers All 6. % of tools assessed for likely n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a gender-disaggregated impact All 7. Number of open access databases n/a n/a 10 n/a n/a maintained by CRP All 8. Total number of users of these n/a n/a 707 n/a n/a open access databases All 9. Number of publications in ISI n/a n/a 151 n/a n/a journals produced by CRP 1,2,3, 4, 6 10. Number of strategic value chains Timber and oil palm, includes rubber in n/a 2 2 3 3 analyzed by CRP 2013-2014 1,5,6,7 11. Number of targeted agro- Crop plantation and timber in forests and n/a 1 1 1 1 ecosystems analysed/characterised woodlands in East and South Cameroon, Brazil, Indonesia and Mozambique 69 CRP performance monitoring report 2012

CRPs Indicator Comments Deviation 2012 2013 2014 concerned narrative (if Target (if Actual Target Target by this actual is more available indicator than 10% away for 2012) from target) by CRP Cameroon, (smallholders, medium holders and agro-industries) 1,5,6,7 12. Estimated population of above- East Kalimantan (all projects) n/a n/a 3.5 million n/a n/a mentioned agro-ecosystems Papua (all projects) 2.8 million Central Java (PROFORMAL) 32.4 million Cameroon 12 million Gabon 1.5 million DRC 20 millions CAPACITY ENHANCEMENT AND INNOVATION PLATFORMS All 13. Number of trainees in short-term n/a n/a 183 n/a n/a programs facilitated by CRP (male) All 14. Number of trainees in short-term n/a n/a 32 n/a n/a programs facilitated by CRP (female) All 15. Number of trainees in long-term n/a n/a 15 n/a n/a programs facilitated by CRP (male) All 16.Number of trainees in long-term n/a n/a 10 n/a n/a programs facilitated by CRP (female) 1,5,6,7 17. Number of multi-stakeholder Three main multistakeholders n/a 5 5 4 4 R4D innovation platforms processes that develops, implement and established for the targeted agro- monitor: ecosystems by the CRPs • SVLK (timber legality verification system) • Processes on MP3EI • Process on reducing GHG emissions • These are primarily in Indonesia • One platform in development for emerging market multinationals in Africa • One working group on timber in Cameroon 70 CRP performance monitoring report 2012

CRPs Indicator Comments Deviation 2012 2013 2014 concerned narrative (if Target (if Actual Target Target by this actual is more available indicator than 10% away for 2012) from target) Cacaonet and COGENT are platforms above; however, both focus on 2 conservation and use of genetic diversity rather than agro-ecosystems. TECHNOLOGIES/PRACTICES IN VARIOUS STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT All 18. Number of technologies/NRM 1. Southern Africa Miombo Woodland - n/a n/a 12 12 12 practices under research in the CRP Sustainable wild honey harvesting (Phase I) 2. Central Asia - Technology for collecting seeds, producing seedlings and planting trees 3. Mexico - Restoration of Mahogany Forests 4. Timber Tracking - Global 5. Prunus - spatial analysis of genetic diversity for conservation planning 6. Malaysia - Diptocarp 7. India - Conservation and Sustainable Use of Cultivated and Wild Tropical Fruit Diversity: Promoting Sustainable Livelihoods, Food Security and Ecosystem Services 8. Congo Basin 9. Interactive vegetation maps for species and population selection for seven African countries have been completed; URL: http://vegetationmap4africa.org (Kindt et al. 2012; van Breugel et al. 2012) 71 CRP performance monitoring report 2012

CRPs Indicator Comments Deviation 2012 2013 2014 concerned narrative (if Target (if Actual Target Target by this actual is more available indicator than 10% away for 2012) from target) 10. A chapter on species prioritization has been completed (Franzel & Kindt 2012) 11. A beta version of a database of DNA sequence and genetic marker data for 24 tropical tree species is now online for project participants (Dawson et al. in prep.) 12. Update of a global seed suppliers directory is underway (Kindt et al. in prep.) All 19. % of technologies under research n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a that have an explicit target of women farmers All 20. % of technologies under n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a research that have been assessed for likely gender-disaggregated impact 1,5,6,7 21. Number of agro-ecosystems for Forests and woodlands in Indonesia, n/a 1 1 1 1 which CRP has identified feasible Cameroon and Brazil approaches for improving ecosystem services and for establishing positive incentives for farmers to improve ecosystem functions as per the CRP’s recommendations 1,5,6,7 22. Number of people who will Approximated from the size of people n/a 12 12 million 12 12 potentially benefit from plans, once forests in Java. In one source, the size is million finalised, for the scaling up of 1.5 million ha. Assuming one household (6 million strategies has 0.5 ha, the total households would men, 6 be 3 million. Assuming four hh members million 72 CRP performance monitoring report 2012

CRPs Indicator Comments Deviation 2012 2013 2014 concerned narrative (if Target (if Actual Target Target by this actual is more available indicator than 10% away for 2012) from target) (half men and half women), in total there women) are 12 million people (only applies for Indonesia) All, except 23. Number of technologies /NRM 1 Miombo Woodland –Sustainable wild n/a n/a 3 n/a n/a 2 practices field tested (phase II) honey harvesting 2. Central Asia - Technology for collecting seeds, producing seedlings and planting trees 3. Mexico - Restoration of Mahogany Forests 1,5,6,7 24. Number of agro-ecosystems for [Humid forest Congo Basin (Cameroon n/a 1 1 2 n/a which innovations (technologies, and Gabon new policies for better policies, practices, integrative management of chainsaw milling, 2012), approaches) and options for DRC, Ecuador and Indonesia 2013)] improvement at system level have been developed and are being field tested (Phase II) 1,5,6,7 25. % of above Interactive maps were made available n/a 10 10 10 n/a innovations/approaches/options that publically that allow for tree species (and are targeted at decreasing inequality provenance) selection in Eastern Africa between men and women for agroforestry ecosystems within following global subsystems: (1) Tropical/subtropical forest/woodlands; (2) Semi-arid drylands; (3) Dry subhumid drylands; (4) Mountain systems 300-1000 m; (5) Mountain systems 1000-2500 m; (6) Mountain systems 2500-4500 m); (7) Mixed cultivated systems; And from Bioversity:

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CRPs Indicator Comments Deviation 2012 2013 2014 concerned narrative (if Target (if Actual Target Target by this actual is more available indicator than 10% away for 2012) from target) (8) Southern Africa, Miombo Woodland; (9) Central Asia, Temperate deciduous Forests; (10) Mexico, tropical, moist forest 1,5,6,7 26. Number of published research Policy options in PRO-FORMAL countries n/a 1 1 4 n/a outputs from CRP utilised in targeted agro-ecosystems All, except 27.Number of technologies/NRM Interactive maps were made available n/a 7 7 7 n/a 2 practices released by public and publically that allow for tree species (and private sector partners globally provenance) selection in Eastern Africa (phase III) for agroforestry ecosystems within following global subsystems: (1) Tropical/subtropical forest/woodlands; (2) Semi-arid drylands; (3) Dry subhumid drylands; (4) Mountain systems 300-1000 m; (5) Mountain systems 1000-2500 m; (6) Mountain systems 2500-4500 m); (7) Mixed cultivated systems POLICIES IN VARIOUS STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT All 28. Numbers of Policies/ Policy on MP3EI on Indonesia n/a 1 1 1 1 Regulations/ Administrative PROFORMAL Gabon; PROFORMAL DRC, 1 3 Procedures Ecuador, Indonesia Analyzed (Stage 1) Diptocarp - Malaysia 1 1 1 All 29. Number of policies / regulations / PROFORMAL n/a n/a n/a 4 n/a administrative procedures drafted and presented for public/stakeholder consultation (Stage 2) All 30. Number of policies / regulations / PROFORMAL Cameroon n/a 1 1 n/a n/a

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CRPs Indicator Comments Deviation 2012 2013 2014 concerned narrative (if Target (if Actual Target Target by this actual is more available indicator than 10% away for 2012) from target) administrative procedures presented for legislation(Stage 3) All 31. Number of policies / regulations / n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a administrative procedures prepared passed/approved (Stage 4) All 32. Number of policies / regulations / n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a administrative procedures passed for which implementation has begun (Stage 5) OUTCOMES ON THE GROUND All 33. Number of hectares under n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a improved technologies or management practices as a result of CRP research All 34. Number of farmers and others n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a who have applied new technologies or management practices as a result of CRP research

75 CRP performance monitoring report 2012 ISI list

No Component Publication Producer 1 6.1 Abebaw, D., Kassa, H., Kassie, G.T., Lemenih, M., Campbell, B.M., CIFOR Teka, W. 2012 Dry forest based livelihoods in resettlement areas of Northwestern Ethiopia. Forest Policy and Economics 20: 72– 77. DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2012.02.002. 2 6.4 Achten, W.M.J., Trabucco, A., Maes, W.H., Verchot, L.V., Aerts, R., CIFOR Mathijs, E., Vantomme, P., Singh, V.P., Muys, B. 2012 Global greenhouse gas implications of land conversion to biofuel crop cultivation in arid and semi-arid lands: lessons learned from Jatropha. Journal of Arid Environments. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2012.06.015. 3 6.3 Ajayi, O.C. Jack, B.K. Leimona, B. 2012 Auction design for the ICRAF private provision of public goods in developing countries: lessons from Payments for Environmental Services in Malawi and Indonesia. World Development 40 (6): 1213-1223 4 6.3 Bae, J.S., Joo, R.W, Kim, Y.S. 2012 Forest transition in South CIFOR Korea: reality, path and drivers. Land Use Policy 29 (1): 198-207. DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2011.06.007. 5 6.2 Baur, E.H., McNab, R.B., Williams, L.E., Ramos, V.H., CIFOR Radachowsky, J., Guariguata, M.R. 2012 Multiple forest use through commercial sport hunting: lessons from a community- based model from the Petén, Guatemala. Forest Ecology and Management 268: 112-120. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.06.005. 6 6.1 Bayala, J. Sileshi, G.W. Coe, R. Kalinganire, A. Tchoundjeu, Z. ICRAF Sinclair, F. Garrity, D. 2012 Cereal yield response to conservation agriculture practices in drylands of West Africa: a quantitative synthesis? Journal of Arid Environments 78: 13-25 7 6.1 Bazié, H.R. Bayala, J. Zombré, G. Sanou, J. Ilstedt, U. 2012 ICRAF Separating competition-related factors limiting crop performance in an agroforestry parkland system in Burkina Faso Agroforestry Systems 84: 377-388 8 6.1 Belcher, B., Bastide, F., Castella, J.C., Boissiere, M. 2012 CIFOR Development of a village-level livelihood monitoring tool: a case- study in Viengkham District, Lao PDR. International Forestry Review 14 (4): 27-38. DOI: 10.1505/146554812799973226. 9 6 Bennett, M Franzel, S 2012 Can organic and resource-conserving ICRAF agriculture improve livelihoods? A synthesis. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability: 1-23 10 6.3 Bourgoin, J. 2012 Sharpening the understanding of socio- CIFOR ecological landscapes in participatory land-use planning: a case study in Lao PDR. Applied Geography 34: 99-110. DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2011.11.003. 11 6.3 Bourgoin, J., Castella, J.C., Pullar, D., Lestrelin, G., Bouahom, B. CIFOR 2012 Toward a land zoning negotiation support platform: “tips and tricks” for participatory land use planning in Laos. Landscape and Urban Planning 104 (2): 270-278. DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2011.11.008.

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No Component Publication Producer 12 6.5 Brautigam, D., Ekman, S. M. S. 2012 Briefing rumours and CIFOR realities of Chinese agricultural engagement in Mozambique. African Affairs 111 (444): 483-492. DOI: 10.1093/afraf/ads03. 13 6.4 Brockhaus, M., Obidzinski, K., Dermawan, A., Laumonier, Y., CIFOR Luttrell, C. 2012 An overview of forest and land allocation policies in Indonesia: is the current framework sufficient to meet the needs of REDD+? Forest Policy and Economics 18: 30-37. DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2011.09.004. 14 6.2 Cerutti, P.O., Tacconi, L., Lescuyer, G., Nasi, R. 2012 Cameroon's CIFOR hidden harvest: commercial chainsaw logging, corruption, and livelihoods. Society and Natural Resources: An International Journal. DOI: 10.1080/08941920.2012.714846. 15 6.2 Chanyenga, T.F. Geldenhuys, C.J. Sileshi, G.W. 2012 Germination ICRAF response and viability of an endangered tropical conifer Widdringtonia whytei seeds to temperature and light. South African Journal of Botany 81: 25–28 16 6.4 Chhatre, A., Lakhanpal, S., Larson, A.M., Nelson, F., Ojha, H., Rao, CIFOR J. 2012 Social safeguards and co-benefits in REDD+: a review of the adjacent possible. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 4 (6): 654–660. DOI: 10.1016/j.cosust.2012.08.006 . 17 6.3 Chidumayo, E.N., Gumbo, D. 2012 The environmental impacts of CIFOR charcoal production in tropical ecosystems of the world: a synthesis. Energy for Sustainable Development. DOI: 10.1016/j.esd.2012.07.004 . 18 6.2 Cronkleton, P., Guariguata, M.R., Albornoz, M.A. 2012 Multiple CIFOR use forestry planning: timber and Brazil nut management in the community forests of Northern Bolivia. Forest Ecology and Management 268: 49-56. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.04.035. 19 6.1 Cronkleton, P., Pulhin, J.M., Saigal, S. 2012 Co-management in CIFOR community forestry: how the partial devolution of management rights creates challenges for forest communities. Conservation and Society 10 (2): 91-102. DOI: 10.4103/0972-4923.97481 20 6.4 de Sy, V., Herold, M., Achard, F., Asner, G.P., Held, A., Kellndorfer, CIFOR J., Verbesselt, J. 2012 Synergies of multiple remote sensing data sources for REDD+ monitoring. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 4 (6): 696–706. DOI: 10.1016/j.cosust.2012.09.013 . 21 6.1 Demps, K., Zorondo-Rodríguez, F., Garcia, C.A., Reyes-García, V. CIFOR 2012 Social learning across the life cycle: cultural knowledge acquisition for honey collection among the Jenu Kuruba, India. Evolution and Human Behavior 33 (5): 460–470. DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2011.12.008 . 22 6.1 Dermawan, A., Kemp-Benedict, E., Huber-Lee, A., Fencl, A. 2012 CIFOR Testing a multi-scale scenario approach for smallholder tree plantations in Indonesia and Vietnam. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. DOI: 10.1016/j.techfore.2012.10.021 . 23 6.3 Dewi, S. van Noordwijk, M. Ekadinata, A. Pfund, J. 2012 Protected ICRAF areas within multifunctional landscapes: squeezing out intermediate land use intensities in the tropics? Land Use Policy 30 (1): 38-56

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No Component Publication Producer 24 6.2 Duchelle, A.E., Guariguata, M.R., Less, G., Albornoz, M.A., Chavez, CIFOR A., Melo, T. 2012 Evaluating the opportunities and limitations to multiple use of Brazil nuts and timber in Western Amazonia. Forest Ecology and Management 268: 39–48. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.05.023. 25 6.2 Fraser, E.D. Simelton, E. Termansen, M. Gosling, S.N. South, A. ICRAF 2012 "Vulnerability hotspots": integrating socio-economic and hydrological models to identify where cereal production may decline in the future due to climate change induced drought Agricultural and Forest Meteorology: 195-205 26 6.4 Fu, Y Grumbine, RE Wilkes, A Wang, Y Xu, JC Yang, YP 2012 ICRAF Climate change adaptation among Tibetan pastoralists: Challenges in enhancing local adaptation through policy support Environmental Management 50: 607-621 27 6.2 Foundjem Tita, D.; D'Haese, M.; Degrande, A.; Tchoundjeu, Z.; ICRAF Van Damme, P. (2011). Farmers' satisfaction with group market arrangements as a measure of group market performance: a transaction cost analysis of non timber forest products' producer groups in Cameroon. Forest Policy and Economics 13 (7): 545-553 28 6.5 Garcia-Ulloa, J., Sloan, S., Pacheco, P., Ghazoul, J., Koh, L.P. 2012 CIFOR Lowering environmental costs of oil-palm expansion in Colombia. Conservation Letters 5 (5): 366–375. DOI: 10.1111/j.1755- 263X.2012.00254.x . 29 6.5 German, L. 2012 Governance and large-scale investments in CIFOR forested landscapes. ETFRN News 53: 11-18. 30 6.5 German, L., Schoneveld, G. 2012 A review of social sustainability CIFOR considerations among EU-approved voluntary schemes for biofuels, with implications for rural livelihoods. Energy Policy 51: 765–778. DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2012.09.022 . 31 6.5 German, L., Schoneveld, G. 2012 Biofuel Investments in Sub- CIFOR Saharan Africa: a review of the early legal and institutional framework in Zambia. Review of Policy Research 29 (4): 467-491. DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-1338.2012.00572.x . 32 6.2 Guariguata, M.R., Locatelli, B., Haupt, F. 2012 Adapting tropical CIFOR production forests to global climate change: risk perceptions and actions. International Forestry Review 14 (1): 27-38. DOI: 10.1505/146554812799973226. 33 6.2 Guariguata, M.R., Sist, P., Nasi, R. 2012 Multiple use management CIFOR of tropical production forests: How can we move from concept to reality? Forest Ecology and Management 263 (1): 170-174. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.12.047 . 34 6.2 Guariguata, M.R., Sist, P., Nasi, R. 2012 Reprint of: multiple use CIFOR management of tropical production forests: how can we move from concept to reality? Forest Ecology and Management 268: 1- 5. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.12.047 . 35 6.1 Gyau, A. Chiatoh, M. Franzel, S. Asaah, E. Donovan, J. 2012 ICRAF Determinants of farmers' tree planting behavior in the North West region of Cameroon: the case of Prunus africana International Forestry Review 14 (3): 1-10

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No Component Publication Producer 36 6.2 Hawthorne, W.D., Sheil, D., Agyeman, V.K., Abu Juam, M., CIFOR Marshall, C.A.M. 2012 Logging scars in Ghanaian high forest: towards improved models for sustainable production. Forest Ecology and Management 271 (1): 27–36. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.01.036 . 37 6.3 Hett, C., Castella, J.C., Heinimann, A., Messerli, P., Pfund, J.-L. CIFOR 2012 A landscape mosaics approach for characterizing swidden systems from a REDD+ perspective. Applied Geography 2 (32): 608-618. DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2011.07.011. 38 6.3 Hoang, M.H. Do, T.H. Pham, M.T. van Noordwijk, M. Minang, P.A. ICRAF 2012 Benefit distribution across scales to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) in Vietnam. Land Use Policy: 1-15 39 6.1 Hogarth, N.J., Belcher, B., Campbell, B.M., Stacey, N. 2012 The CIFOR role of forest-related income in household economies and rural livelihoods in the border-region of Southern China. World Development. DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2012.10.010 . 40 6.4 Hosonuma, N., Herold, M., de Sy, V., de Fries, R.S., Brockhaus, M., CIFOR Verchot, L., Angelsen, A., Romijn, E. 2012 An assessment of deforestation and forest degradation drivers in developing countries. Environmental Research Letters 7 (4). DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/7/4/044009. 41 6.1 Iiyama, M Newman, D Munster, C Nyabenge, M Sileshi, G W ICRAF Moraa, V Onchieku, J Mowo, J G Jamnadass, R 2012 Productivity of Jatropha curcas under smallholder farm conditions in Kenya Agroforestry Systems [online first], 20p 42 6.4 Imbach, I., Molina, L., Locatelli, B., Roupsard, O., Mahé, G., CIFOR Neilson, R., Corrales, L., Scholze, M., Ciais, P. 2012 Modeling potential equilibrium states of vegetation and terrestrial water cycle of Mesoamerica under climate change scenarios. Journal of Hydrometeorology 13 (2): 665–680. DOI: 10.1175/JHM-D-11- 023.1 . 43 6.2 Ingram, V. 2012 Governance of non-timber forest products in the CIFOR Congo Basin. ETFRN News 53: 36-45. 44 6.5 Graefe, S., Dufour, D., van Zonneveld, M., Rodriguez, F., Bioversity Gonzalez, A. 2012 Peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) in tropical Latin America: implications for biodiversity conservation, natural resource management and human nutrition. Biodiversity and Conservation 22 (2): 269-300. DOI: 10.1007/s10531-012-0402-3

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No Component Publication Producer 45 6.3 Junker, J., Blake, S., Boesch, C., Campbell, G., du, Toit, L., Duvall, CIFOR C., Ekobo, A., Etoga, G., Galat-Luong, A., Gamys, J., Ganas-Swaray, J., Gatti, S., Ghiurghi, A., Granier, N., Hart, J., Head, J., Herbinger, I., Hicks, T.C., Huijbregts, B., Imong, I.S., Kuempel, N., Lahm, S., Lindsell, J., Maisels, F., McLennan, M., Martinez, L., Morgan, B., Morgan, D., Mulindahabi, F., Mundry, R., N’Goran, K.P., Normand, E., Ntongho, A., Okon, D.T., Petre, C., Plumptre, A., Rainey, H., Regnaut, S., Sanz, C., Stokes, E., Tondossama, A., Tranquilli, S., Sunderland-Groves, J., Sunderland-Groves,, J., Walsh, P., Warren, Y., Williamson, E.A., Kuehl, H.S. 2012 Recent decline in suitable environmental conditions for African great apes. Diversity and Distributions 18 (11): 1077-1091. DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12005. 46 6.2 Kadua, C.A.C., Parich, A., Schueler, S., Konrad, H., Muluvi, G.M., Bioversity Eyog-Matig, O., Muchugi, A., Williams, V.L., Ramamonjisoa, L., Kapinga, C., Foahom, B., Katsvanga, C., Hafashimana, D., Obama, C., Vinceti, B., Schumacher, R., Gebureka, T. 2012 Bioactive constituents in Prunus africana: geographical variation throughout Africa and associations with environmental and genetic parameters. Phytochemistry 83: 70-78 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.06.001 47 6.2 Kissa, D.O., Sheil, D. 2012 Visual detection based distance CIFOR sampling offers efficient density estimation for distinctive low abundance tropical forest tree species in complex terrain. Forest Ecology and Management 263 (1): 114-121. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.09.020 48 6.2 Klimas, C.A., Kainer, K.A., de Oliveira Wadt, L.H. 2012 The CIFOR economic value of sustainable seed and timber harvests of multi- use species: an example using Carapa guianensis. Forest Ecology and Management 268: 81-91. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.03.006. 49 6.3 Kolinjivadi, V. K., Sunderland, T. 2012 A review of two payment CIFOR schemes for watershed services from China and Vietnam: the interface of government control and PES theory. Ecology and Society 17 (4): 10. DOI: 10.5751/ES-05057-170410. 50 6.2 Krepkowski, J. Bräuning, A. Gebrekirstos, A. 2012 Growth ICRAF dynamics and potential for cross-dating and multi-century climate reconstruction of Podocarpus falcatus in Ethiopia Dendrochronologia, : 257-265 51 6.1 Kristjanson, P. Neufeldt, H. Gassner, A. Mango, J. Kyazze, F.B. ICRAF Desta, S. Sayula, G. Thiede, B. Förch, W. Thornton, P.K. Coe, R. 2012 Are food insecure smallholder households making changes in their farming practices? Evidence from East Africa Food Security : 1-17 52 6.2 Kuyah, S. Muthuri, C. Jamnadass, R. Mwangi, P. Neufeldt, H. ICRAF Dietz, J. 2012 Crown area allometries for estimation of aboveground tree biomass in agricultural landscapes of western Kenya. Agroforestry Systems: 11

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No Component Publication Producer 53 6.4 Ladd, B., Laffan, S.W., Amelung, W., Peri, P.L., Silva, L.C.R., CIFOR Gervassi, P., Bonser, S.P,, Navall, M., Sheil, D. 2012 Estimates of soil carbon concentration in tropical and temperate forest and woodland from available GIS data on three continents. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. DOI: 10.1111/j.1466- 8238.2012.00799.x. 54 6.3 Larson, A.M., Dahal, G.R. 2012 Forest tenure reform: new CIFOR resource rights for forest-based communities? Conservation and Society 10 (2): 77-90. DOI: 10.4103/0972-4923.97478. 55 6.3 Larson, A.M., Pulhin, J.M. 2012 Enhancing forest tenure reforms CIFOR through more responsive regulations. Conservation and Society 10 (2): 103-113. DOI:10.4103/0972-4923.97482. 56 6.3 Lasco, R.D. Veridiano, R.K.A. Habito, M. Pulhin, F.B. 2012 ICRAF Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation plus (REDD+) in the Philippines: will it make a difference in financing forest development? Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change: 16. 57 6.2 Lescuyer, G. 2012 Sustainable forest management at the local CIFOR scale: a comparative analysis of community forests and domestic forests in Cameroon. Small-scale Forestry: 1-16. DOI: 10.1007/s11842-012-9199-x. 58 6.2 Lescuyer, G., Assembe Mvondo, S., Essoungou, J.N., Toison, V., CIFOR Trebuchon, J.F., Fauvet, N. 2012 Logging concessions and local livelihoods in Cameroon: from indifference to Alliance? Ecology and Society 17 (1): 7. DOI: 10.5751/ES-04507-170107. 59 6.3 Lopa, D. Mwanyoka, I. Jambiya, J. Massoud, T. Harrison, P. Ellis- ICRAF Jones, M. Blomley, T. Leimona, B. van Noordwijk, M. Burgess, N.D. 2012 Towards operational payments for water ecosystem services in Tanzania: a case study from the Uluguru Mountains.Oryx 46(1): 34-44 60 6.2 Loxton, E.A., Schirmer, J., Kanowski, P. 2012 Designing, CIFOR implementing and monitoring social impact mitigation strategies: lessons from forest industry structural adjustment packages. Environmental Impact Assessment Review. DOI: 10.1016/j.eiar.2012.11.003 . 61 6.2 Luedeling, E. 2012 Climate change impacts on winter chill for ICRAF temperate fruit and nut production: a review. Scientia Horticulturae 144: 218–229 62 6.4 Luttrell, C., Resosudarmo, I. A. P., Muharrom, E., Brockhaus, M., CIFOR Seymour, F. 2012 The political context of REDD+ in Indonesia: constituencies for change. Environmental Science and Policy. DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2012.10.001 . 63 6.2 Maréchal, C., Nasi, R., Bastin, D. 2012 Gestion de la faune dans CIFOR les concessions forestières d’Afrique centrale: vers une approche pragmatique des recensements. Bois et Forets des Tropiques 311 (1): 75-84. 64 6.2 Meijaard, E., Sheil, D. 2012 The dilemma of green business in CIFOR tropical forests: how to protect what it cannot identify. Conservation Letters 5 (5): 342–348. DOI: 10.1111/j.1755- 263X.2012.00252.x .

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No Component Publication Producer 65 6.2 Menga, P., Bayol, N., Nasi, R., Fayolle, A. 2012 Phénologie et CIFOR diamètre de fructification du wengé, Millettia laurentii De Wild: implications pour la gestion. Bois et Forets des Tropiques 312 (2): 31-42. 66 6.3 Minang, P.A. van Noordwijk, M. 2012 Design challenges for ICRAF achieving reduced emissions from deforestation and forest degradation through conservation: leveraging multiple paradigms at the tropical forest margins. Land Use Policy: 1-10 67 6.1 Minter, T., de Brabandera, V., van der Ploeg, J., Persoon, G.A., CIFOR Sunderland, T. 2012 Whose consent? hunter-gatherers and extractive industries in the Northeastern Philippines. Society and Natural Resources 25 (12): 1241-1257. DOI: 10.1080/08941920.2012.676160 . 68 6.2 Mogoi, J., Obonyo, E., Ongugo, P., Oeba, V., Mwangi, E. 2012 CIFOR Communities, property rights and forest decentralisation in Kenya: early lessons from participatory forestry management. Conservation and Society 10 (2): 182-194. DOI: 10.4103/0972- 4923.97490. 69 6.3 Moreno-Sánchez, R.P., Maldonado, J.H., Wunder, S., Borda- CIFOR Almanza, C. 2012 Heterogeneous users and willingness to pay in an ongoing payment for watershed protection initiative in the Colombian Andes. Ecological Economics 75: 126–134. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.01.009. 70 6.2 Mortimer, P.E. Pérez-Fernández, M.A. Valentine, A.J. 2012 ICRAF Arbuscular mycorrhiza maintains nodule function during external NH 4+ supply in Phaseolus vulgaris (L.) Mycorrhiza 22(3): 237-245 71 6.1 Muafor, F.J., Levang, P., Angwafo, T.E., Gall, P. Le 2012 Making a CIFOR living with forest insects: beetles as an income source in Southwest Cameroon. International Forestry Review 14 (3): 314- 325. DOI: 10.1505/146554812802646693. 72 6.3 Mugerwa, B., Sheil, D., Ssekiranda, P., Heist, M. V., Ezuma, P. CIFOR 2012 A camera trap assessment of terrestrial vertebrates in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda. African Journal of Ecology. DOI: 10.1111/aje.12004. 73 6.4 Murdiyarso, D., Brockhaus, M., Sunderlin, W.D., Verchot, L. 2012 CIFOR Some lessons learned from the first generation of REDD+ activities. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 4: 678– 685. DOI: 10.1016/j.cosust.2012.10.014. 74 6.3 Mwitwa, J., German, L., Muimba-Kankolongo, A., Puntodewo, A. CIFOR 2012 Governance and sustainability challenges in landscapes shaped by mining: mining-forestry linkages and impacts in the Copper Belt of Zambia and the DR Congo. Forest Policy and Economics 25: 19–30. DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2012.08.001. 75 6.2 Nasi, R., Billand, A., Van Vliet, N. 2012 Managing for timber and CIFOR biodiversity in the Congo Basin. Forest Ecology and Management 268: 103-111. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.04.005. 76 6.3 Nguyen, Q. Hoang, M.H. Oborn, I . van Noordwijk, M. 2012 ICRAF Multipurpose agroforestry as a climate change resiliency option for farmers: an example of local adaptation in Vietnam. Climatic Change: 1-17

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No Component Publication Producer 77 6.2 Nolan K., Sveinsson, S., Dempewolf, H., Ji Yong Yang, Dapeng Bioversity Zhang, Engels, J.M.M., Cronk, Q.(2012). Ultra-barcoding in cacao (Theobroma spp., Malvaceae) using whole chloroplast genomes and nuclear ribosomal DNA. American Journal of Botany 99(2): 320-329 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1100570 78 6.1 Pauli, N. Barrios, E. Conacher, A.J. Oberthür, T. 2012 Farmer ICRAF knowledge of the relationships among soil macrofauna, soil quality and tree species in a smallholder agroforestry system of western Honduras. Geoderma: 186-198 79 6.5 Obidzinski, K., Andriani, R., Komarudin, H., Andrianto, A. 2012 CIFOR Environmental and social impacts of oil palm plantations and their implications for biofuel production in Indonesia. Ecology and Society 17 (1). DOI: 10.5751/ES-04775-170125. 80 6.5 Pacheco, P. 2012. Actor and frontier types in the Brazilian CIFOR Amazon: assessing interactions and outcomes associated with frontier expansion. Geoforum 43 (4): 864–874. DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2012.02.003. 81 6.5 Pacheco, P. 2012 Smallholders and communities in timber CIFOR markets: conditions shaping diverse forms of engagement in tropical Latin America. Conservation and Society 10 (2): 114-123. DOI: 10.4103/0972-4923.97481. 82 6.3 Pacheco, P., Barry, D., Cronkleton, P., Larson, A.M. 2012 The CIFOR recognition of forest rights in Latin America: progress and shortcomings of forest tenure reforms. Society and Natural Resources 25 (6): 556-571. DOI: 10.1080/08941920.2011.574314. 83 6.3 Paudel, N.S., Monterroso, I., Cronkleton, P. 2012 Secondary level CIFOR organisations and the democratisation of forest governance: case studies from Nepal and Guatemala. Conservation and Society 10 (2): 124-135. DOI: 10.4103/0972-4923.97485. 84 6.3 Paumgarten, F., Kassa, H., Zida, M., Moeliono, M. 2012 Benefits, CIFOR challenges, and enabling conditions of collective action to promote sustainable production and marketing of products from Africa’s dry forests. Review of Policy Research 29 (2): 229-250. DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-1338.2011.00549.x. 85 6.3 Perdana, A. Roshetko, J.M. Kurniawan, I. 2012 Forces of ICRAF competition: smallholding teak producers in Indonesia International Forestry Review 14 (2): 238-248 86 6.3 Phuc, X.T., Dressler, W.H., Mahanty, S., Pham, T.T., Zingerli, C. CIFOR 2012 The prospects for Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) in Vietnam: a look at three payment schemes. Human Ecology 40 (2): 237-249. DOI: 10.1007/s10745-012-9480-9. 87 6.2 Porter-Bolland, L., Ellis, E.A., Guariguata, M.R., Ruiz-Mallén, I., CIFOR Negrete-Yankelevich, S., Reyes-García, V. 2012 Community managed forests and forest protected areas: an assessment of their conservation effectiveness across the tropics. Forest Ecology and Management 268: 6-17. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.05.034 . 88 6.4 Pramova, E., Locatelli, B., Brockhaus, M., Fohlmeister, S. 2012 CIFOR Ecosystem services in the national adaptation programmes of action. Climate Policy 12 (4): 393-409. DOI: 10.1080/14693062.2011.647848.

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No Component Publication Producer 89 6.4 Pramova, E., Locatelli, B., Djoudi, H., Somorin, O.A. 2012 Forests CIFOR and trees for social adaptation to climate variability and change. Wiley interdisciplinary reviews: climate change 3 (6): 581–596. DOI: 10.1002/wcc.195. 90 6.4 Purnomo, H., Suyamto, D., Irawati, R.H. 2012 Harnessing the CIFOR climate commons: an agent-based modelling approach to making reducing emission from deforestation and degradation (REDD)+ work. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change. DOI: 10.1007/s11027-012-9370-x. 91 6.4 Purnomo, H., Suyamto. D., Abdullah, L., Irawati, R.H. 2012 REDD+ CIFOR actor analysis and political mapping: an Indonesian case study. International Forestry Review 14 (1): 74-89. DOI: 10.1505/146554812799973208. 92 6.4 Putz, F. E., Romero, C. 2012 Helping curb tropical forest CIFOR degradation by linking REDD+ with other conservation interventions: a view from the forest. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 4 (6): 670–677. DOI: 10.1016/j.cosust.2012.10.003 . 93 6.2 Putz, F.E., Zuidema, P.A., Synnott, T., Peña-Claros, M., Pinard, CIFOR M.A., Sheil, D., Vanclay, J.K., Sist, P., Gourlet-Fleury, S., Griscom, B., Palmer, J., Zagt, R. 2012 Sustaining conservation values in selectively logged tropical forests: the attained and the attainable. Conservation Letters 5 (4): 1-8. DOI: 10.1111/j.1755- 263X.2012.00242.x . 94 6.2 Putzel, L., Dermawan, A., Moeliono, M., Trung, L.Q. 2012 CIFOR Improving opportunities for smallholder timber planters in Vietnam to benefit from domestic wood processing. International Forestry Review 14 (2): 227-237. DOI: 10.1505/146554812800923435. 95 6.2 Radachowsky, J., Ramos, V.H., McNab, R.B., Baur, E.H., Kazakov, CIFOR N. 2012 Forest concessions in the Maya Biosphere Reserve, Guatemala: a decade later. Forest Ecology and Management 268: 18-28. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.08.043. 96 6.3 Rahman,S., Rahman, M., Sunderland, T. 2012 Causes and CIFOR consequences of shifting cultivation and its alternative in the hill tracts of eastern Bangladesh. Agroforestry Systems 84 (2): 141- 155. DOI: 10.1007/s10457-011-9422-3. 97 6.3 Rantala, S., Bullock, R.M., Mbegu, M.A., German, L. 2012 CIFOR Community-based forest management: what scope for conservation and livelihood co-benefits? Experience from the East Usambara Mountains, Tanzania. Journal of Sustainable Forestry 31: 777–797. DOI: 10.1080/10549811.2012.725155. 98 6.3 Ravikumar, A., Andersson, K., Larson, A.M. 2012 Decentralization CIFOR and forest-related conflicts in Latin America. Forest Policy and Economics. DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2012.07.005. 99 6.3 Ravikumar, A., Andersson, K., Mwangi, E., Guariguata, M.R., Nasi, CIFOR R. 2012 Towards more equitable terms of cooperation: local people's contribution to commercial timber concessions. International Forestry Review 14 (2): 157-176. DOI: 10.1505/146554812800923354.

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No Component Publication Producer 100 6.4 Romijn, E., Herold, M., Kooistra, L., Murdiyarso, D., Verchot, L. CIFOR 2012 Assessing capacities of non-Annex I countries for national forest monitoring in the context of REDD+. Environmental Science and Policy 19–20 (May–June 2012): 33–48. DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2012.01.005. 101 6.3 Sasaoka, M., Laumonier, Y. 2012 Suitability of local resource CIFOR management practices based on supernatural enforcement mechanisms in the local social-cultural context. Ecology and Society 17 (4): 6. DOI: 10.5751/ES-05124-170406. 102 6.2 Salaj, T., Matusikova, I., Swennen, R., Panis, B., Salaj J. 2012. Bioversity Long-term maintenance of Pinus nigra embryogenic cultures through cryopreservation. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 34 (1): 227-233 DOI: 10.1007/s11738-011-0821-x 103 6.1 Sanou, J. Bayala, J. Bazié, H.R. 2012 Photosynthesis and biomass ICRAF production by millet (Pennisetum glaucum) and taro (Colocasia esculenta) grown under baobab (Adansonia digitata) and néré (Parkia biglobosa) in an agroforestry parkland system of Burkina Faso (West Africa) Experimental Agriculture 48 (2): 283-300 104 6.5 Sayer, J.A., Endamana, D., Ruiz Perez, M., Boedhihartono, A.K., CIFOR Nzooh, Z., Eyebe, A., Awono, A. 2012 Global financial crisis impacts forest conservation in Cameroon. International Forestry Review 14 (1): 90-98. DOI: 10.1505/146554812799973172. 105 6.5 Schure, J., Ingram, V., Sakho-Jimbira, M.S., Levang, P., Wiersum, CIFOR K.F. 2012 The formalisation of charcoal value chains in West and Central Africa. Energy for Sustainable Development. DOI: 10.1016/j.esd.2012.07.002. 106 6.4 Seymour, F. 2012 REDD reckoning: a review of research on a CIFOR rapidly moving target. CAB Reviews 7. DOI: 10.1079/PAVSNNR20127032. 107 6.3 Sheil, D., Ducey, M.J., Ssali, F., Ngubwagye, J.M., Heist, M. V., CIFOR Ezuma, P. 2012 Bamboo for people, mountain gorillas, and golden monkeys: evaluating harvest and conservation trade-offs and synergies in the Virunga Volcanoes. Forest Ecology and Management 267 (1) : 163–171 . DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.11.045. 108 6.3 Sheil, D., Salim, A. 2012 Diversity of locally useful tropical forest CIFOR wild-plants as a function of species richness and informant culture. Biodiversity and Conservation 21 (3): 687-699. DOI: 10.1007/s10531-011-0208-8. 109 6.2 Sileshi, G.W. 2012 A critique of current trends in the statistical ICRAF analysis of seed germination and viability data. Seed Science Research 22: 145-159 110 6.1 Sileshi, G.W. Debusho, L.K. Akinnifesi, F.K. 2012 Can integration ICRAF of legume trees increase yield stability in rain-fed maize cropping systems in southern Africa? Agronomy Journal 104 (5): 1392- 1398 111 6.2 Simelton, E. Fraser, E.D. Termansen, M. Benton, T.G. Gosling, S.N. ICRAF South, A. Arnell, N.W. Challinor, A.J. Dougill, A.J . Forster, P.M. 2012 The socioeconomics of food crop production and climate change vulnerability: a global scale quantitative analysis of how grain crops are sensitive to drought. Food Security 4: 163-179

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No Component Publication Producer 112 6.3 Smith, P. Davies, C. A. Ogle, S. Zanchi, G. Bellarby, J. Bird, N. ICRAF Boddey, R. M. McNamara, N. P. Powlson, D. Cowie, A. van Noordwijk, M. Davis, S. C. Richter, D. D. B. Kryzanowski, L. van Wijk, M. T. Stuart, J. Kirton, A. Eggar, D. Newton-Cross, G. Adhya, T. K. Braimoh, A. K. 2012 Towards an integrated global framework to assess the impacts of land use and management change on soil carbon: current capability and future vision. Global Change Biology 18(7): 2089–2101 113 6.4 Sonwa, D.J., Somorin, O.A., Jum, C., Bele, M.Y., Nkem, J. 2012 CIFOR Vulnerability, forest-related sectors and climate change adaptation: the case of Cameroon. Forest Policy and Economics 23: 1-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2012.06.009. 114 6.2 Soriano, M., Kainer, K.A., Staudhammer, C.L., Soriano, E. 2012 CIFOR Implementing multiple forest management in Brazil nut-rich community forests: effects of logging on natural regeneration and forest disturbance. Forest Ecology and Management 268: 92- 102. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.05.010. 115 6.2 Sotelo Montes, C. Weber, J.C. Silva, D.A. Andrade, C. Muniz, G.I.B. ICRAF Garcia, R.A. Kalinganire, A. 2012 Effects of region, soil, land use and terrain type on fuelwood properties of five tree/shrub species in the Sahelian and Sudanian ecozones of Mali. Annals of Forest Science 69: 747-756 116 6.3 Stevenson, P.C. Kite, G.C. Lewis, G.P. Forest, F. Nyirenda, S.P. ICRAF Belmain, S.R. Sileshi, G.W. Veitch, N.C. 2012 District chemotypes of Tephrosia vogelii and implications for their use in pest control and soil enrichment. Phytochemistry 78: 135–146 117 6.2 Tankoano, P.M. Diallo, O.B. Ouedraogo, S.N. Some, N.A. Noula, K. ICRAF Kalinganire, A. 2012 Inventaire des insectes nuisibles aux fruits des variétés indiennes de Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. (Rhamnaceae) au Burkina. Faso Fruits 67: 189-200 118 6.3 Taylor, P.L. 2012 Multiple forest activities, multiple purpose CIFOR organizations: organizing for complexity in a grassroots movement in Guatemala’s Petén. Forest Ecology and Management 268: 29-38. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.05.007. 119 6.3 Temu, A 2012 The forest-agriculture interface: a zone for ICRAF enhanced productivity. Nature & Faune 26 (2): 3-5 120 6.2 Thomas, E. 2012 The impact of traditional lifestyle, provenance Bioversity and contact history on plant use knowledge and management: a cross-cultural comparison of two small-scale societies from the Bolivian Amazon. Human Ecology 40(3): 355-368 DOI: 10.1007/s10745-012-9488-1 121 6.2 Thomas, E., van Zonneveld, M., Loo, J., Hodgkin, T., Galluzzi, G., Bioversity van Etten, J. 2012 Present spatial diversity patterns of Theobroma cacao L. in the neotropics reflect genetic differentiation in Pleistocene refugia followed by human- influenced dispersal. PLos ONE 7(10): e47676 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0047676

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No Component Publication Producer 122 6.1 Tieguhong, J.C., Ndoye, O., Grouwels, S., Mala, W.A., Betti, J.L. Bioversity 2012 Rural enterprise development for poverty alleviation based on non-wood forest products in Central Africa. International Forestry Review 14(3): 363-379 DOI: 10.1505/146554812802646701 123 6.1 Tieguhong, J.C., Nkamgnia, E.M. 2012 Household dependence on Bioversity forests around Lobeke National Park, Cameroon. International Forestry Review 14(2): 196-212 DOI: 10.1505/146554812800923426 124 6.3 van Noordwijk, M. Leimona, B. Jindal, R. Villamor, G.B. Vardhan, ICRAF M. Namirembe, S. Catacutan, D. Kerr, J. Minang, P.A. Tomich, T.P. 2012 Payments for Environmental Services: evolution toward efficient and fair incentives for multifunctional landscapes. Annual Review of Environment and Resources 37: 389-42 125 6.4 Van Vliet, N., Mertz, O., Heinimann, A., Langanke, T., Pascual, U., CIFOR Schmook, B., Adams, C., Schmidt-Vogt, D., Messerli, P., Leisz, S. J., Castella, J.C., Jørgensen, L., Birch-Thomsen, T., Hett, C., Bech- Bruun, T., Ickowitz, A., Vu, K.C., Yasuyuki, K., Fox, J., Padoch, C., Dressler, W., Ziegler, A.D. 2012 Trends, drivers and impacts of changes in swidden cultivation in tropical forest-agriculture frontiers: a global assessment. Global Environmental Change 22 (2): 418–429. DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.10.009. 126 6.2 Van Zonneveld, M., Scheldeman, X., Escribano, P., Viruel, M.A., Bioversity Van Damme, P., Garcia, W., Tapia, C., Romero, J., Siguenas, M., Hormaza, J.I. 2012 Mapping genetic diversity of Cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.): application of spatial analysis for conservation and use of plant genetic resources. PLoS ONE 7(1): e29845 DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0029845 127 6.2 van Zonneveld, M.J., Gutierrez, J.R., Holmgren, M.2012 Shrub Bioversity facilitation increases plant diversity along an arid scrubland- temperate rain forest boundary in South America. Journal of Vegetation Science 23(3): 541-551 DOI: 10.1111/j.1654- 1103.2011.01379.x 128 6.3 Venter, O. Possingham, H.P. Hovani, L. Dewi, S. Griscom, B. Paoli, ICRAF G. Wells, P. Wilson, K.A. 2012 Using systematic conservation planning to minimize REDD+ conflict with agriculture and logging in the tropics. Conservation Letters: 18 129 6.3 Vignola, R., McDaniels, T.L., Scholz, R.W. 2012 Negotiation CIFOR analysis for mechanisms to deliver ecosystem services: the case of soil conservation in Costa Rica. Ecological Economics 75: 22-31. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.01.004 . 130 6.2 Waliszewski, W.S. Sinclair, F.L. Steele, K.A. 2012 Morphological ICRAF and AFLP diversity in Thaumatococcus daniellii, the source of protein sweetener thaumatin. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 59 (1): 151-161 131 6.4 Wanggi Jaung, Bae, J.S. 2012 Evaluating socio-economic equity of CIFOR REDD+ in a rights-based approach: rapid equity appraisal matrix. Environmental Science and Policy 22: 1-12. DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2012.05.007 .

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No Component Publication Producer 132 6.4 Warren, M.W., Kauffman, J.B., Murdiyarso, D., Anshari, G., CIFOR Hergoualc’h, K., Kurnianto, S., Purbopuspito, J., Gusmayanti, E., Afifudin, M., Rahajoe, J., Alhamd, L., Limin, S., Iswandi, A. 2012 A cost-efficient method to assess carbon stocks in tropical peat soil. Biogeosciences 9: 4477–4485. DOI: 10.5194/bg-9-4477-2012. 133 6.3 Wich, S., Gaveau, D.L.A., Abram, N., Ancrenaz, M., Baccini, A., CIFOR Brend, S., Curran, L., Delgado, R.A., Erman, A., Fredriksson, G.M., Goossens, B., Husson, S.J., Lackman, I., Marshall, A.J., Naomi, A., Molidena, E., Nardiyono, Nurcahyo, A., Odom, K., Panda, A., Purnomo, Rafiastanto, A., Ratnasari, D., Santana, A.H., Sapari, I., van Schaik, C.P., Sihite, J., Spehar, S., Santoso, E., Suyoko, A., Tiju, A., Usher, G., Atmoko, S.S.U., Willems, E.P., Meijaard, E. 2012 Understanding the impacts of land-use policies on a threatened species: is there a future for the Bornean orang-utan? PLoS ONE 7 (11): e49142. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049142. 134 6.3 Wunder, S. 2012 Of PES and other animals. Oryx 46 (1): 1-2. DOI: CIFOR 10.1017/S0030605311002195. 135 6.3 Xu, J.C. Grumbine, R.E. 2012 Landscape Transformation through ICRAF the Use of Ecological and Socioeconomic Indicators in Xishuangbanna, Southwest China, Mekong Region. Ecological Indicators: 8 136 6.3 Xu JC He, J. van Noordwijk, M Kim, GJ 2012 Participatory ICRAF agroforestry development for restoring degraded sloping land in DPR Korea. Agroforestry Systems 85 (2): 291-3030 137 6.2 Yang, XF., Luedeling, E., Chen, G.L., Hyde, K.D., Yang, Y.J., Zhou, ICRAF D.Q., Xu J.C., Yang Y.P. 2012 Climate change effects fruiting of the prize matsutake mushroom in China. Fungal Diversity 56(1): 189- 198 138 6.4 Yasmi, Y., Kelley, L., Murdiyarso, D., Patel, T. 2012 The struggle CIFOR over Asia’s forests: an overview of forest conflict and potential implications for REDD+. International Forestry Review 14 (1): 99- 109. DOI: 10.1505/146554812799973127. 139 6.3 Zorondo-Rodríguez, F., Gómez-Baggethun, E., Demps, K., Ariza- CIFOR Montobbio, P., Garcia, C.A., Reyes-García, V. 2012 What defines quality of life?: the gap between public policies and locally defined indicators among residents of Kodagu, Karnataka (India). Social Indicators Research. DOI: 10.1007/s11205-012-9993-z. 140 6.1 Abebaw, Degnet; Kassa, Habtemariam; Kassie, Girma T.; CIAT Lemenih, Mulugeta; Campbell, Bruce M.; Teka, Worku. 2012. Dry forest based livelihoods in resettlement areas of Northwestern Ethiopia . Forest Policy and Economics 20: 72-77. 141 Correa Gordillo, Justine; Ortiz, Darwin; Larrahondo, Jesús; CIAT Sánchez Mejía, Myriam; Pachón, Helena. 2012. Actividad antioxidante en guanábana (Annona muricata l.) : una revisión bibliográfica . Boletin latinoamericano y del caribe de plantas medicinales y aromáticas 11 (2): 111-126

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No Component Publication Producer 142 6.3 Gonnety, Jean T.; Assémien, Embi F.L.; Guéi, Arnauth M.; N'Dri, CIAT Aurélie N.A.; Djina, Yves; Koné, Armand W .; Tondoh, Jérôme Ebagnerin. 2012. Effect of land-use types on soil enzymatic activities and chemical properties in semi-deciduous forest areas of Central-West Côte d’Ivoire . Biotechnology, Agronomy, Society and Environment 16(4): 467-474 143 6.3 Guéi, Arnauth M.; Tondoh, Jérôme Ebagnerin. 2012. Ecological CIAT preferences of earthworms for land-use types in semi-deciduous forest areas, Ivory Coast . Ecological Indicators 18: 644-651 144 6.3 Jackson, Lee E.; Pulleman, M.M.; Brussaard, Lijbert; Bawa, Kamal CIAT S.; Brown, G.G.; Cardoso, I.M.; Ruiter, P.C. de; Lavelle, P.; García- Barrios, L.; Hollander, A.D.; Ouédraogo, E.; Pascual, U.; Setty, S.; Smukler, S.M.; Tscharntke, T.; Van Noordwijk, M. 2012. Social- ecological and regional adaptation of agrobiodiversity management across a global set of research regions . Global Environmental Change 22(3):623-639. 145 6.2 Jefwa, Joyce Mnyazi.; Kahangi, Esther; Losenge, Turop; Mung´atu, CIAT Joseph; Ngului, Wilson; Ichami, Stephen; Sanginga, Nteranya; Vanlauwe, Bernard. 2012. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere of banana and plantain and the growth of tissue culture cultivars . Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 157: 24-31. 146 6.4 Mosquera, Octavio; Buurman, Peter; Ramirez, Bertha L.; CIAT Amezquita, Maria C.. 2012. Carbon replacement and stability changes in short-term silvo-pastoral experiments in Colombian Amazonia . Geoderma 170 : 56-63. 147 6.4 Mosquera, Octavio; Buurman, Peter; Ramirez, Bertha L.; CIAT Amezquita, Maria C.. 2012. Carbon stock and dynamics under improved tropical pasture and silvopastoral systems in Colombia Amazonia . Geoderma 189-190 : 81-86. 148 6.3 Pauli, N.; Barrios, E.; Conacher, A.J.; Oberthür, Thomas. CIAT 2012.Farmer knowledge of the relationships among soil macrofauna, soil quality and tree species in a smallholder agroforestry system of western Honduras . Geoderma 189-180: 186-198. 149 6.3 Ramírez, Bertha L.; Lavelle, Patrick; Orjuela, José A.; Villanueva, CIAT Oscar. 2012. Characterization of cattle farms and adoption of agroforestry systems as a proposal for soil management in Caquetá, Colombia . Revista Colombiana de ciencias pecuarias 25: 391-401 150 6.5 Sandker, Marieke; Ruiz-Perez, Manuel; Campbell, Bruce M.. CIAT 2012.Trade-Offs between biodiversity conservation and economic development in five tropical forest landscapes. Environmental Management 50 (4): 633-644. 151 6.3 Wyckhuys ,Kris A.G.; Korytkowski , Cheslavo; Martinez, Javier; CIAT Herrera, Beatriz; Rojas, Martha; Ocampo, John. 2012. Species composition and seasonal occurrence of Diptera associated with passionfruit crops in Colombia . Crop Protection 32: 90-98

89 CRP performance monitoring report 2012 Open access database

# Name Link Number of users (unique hits in 2012)

1 Cacaonet (Cacao Collections) http://www.cacaonet.org 660

2 Cogent Network http://www.cogentnetwork.org N/A 3 Coconut genetic resources database 6.0 http://www.cogentnetwork.org/index.php/cgrd- N/A version-6-0-test-version 4 Coconut Germplasm Information system 1.0 http://www.crop-diversity.org/coconut/ N/A 5 TropGeneDB http://tropgenedb.cirad.fr/tropgene/JSP/interfa N/A ce.jsp?module=COCONUT 6 FAQ : Which Coconut germplasm is presently http://www.cogentnetwork.org/index.php/faq/1 N/A conserved by COGENT country members ? 39-exsitu 7 CRP6 Spatial Datasets http://geoportal.worldagroforestry.org 14

8 CRP6 Dataverse http://dvn.iq.harvard.edu/dvn/dv/crp6/ 19 9 Terra-i (CIAT) www.terra-i.org 10,934 10 OFAC (Observatory of African Forests) http://www.observatoire-comifac.net/ 18,854 Total 30,481 *October - December 2012 only

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Annex E: CRP Financial Report

Financial Summary for 2012: CRP on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry The total expenditure in 2012 for the CRP6 was US$ 74.04m compared to the approved budget of US$ 73.10m, which is a 101% delivery against the budget. Of the reported expenditure, US$ 29.40 million came from W1/W2 (approved budget US$ 27.94m), US$ 1.34m from W3, US$ 40.77m from bilateral funds and US$ 2.30m from Center funds (op plan for rest of funds US$ 45.17m).

Four Centers participated in CRP6 during 2012 viz. CIFOR, ICRAF, Bioversity and CIAT.

Personnel accounted for 40%, Supplies and Services 31%, Collaboration 17%, Travel 10% and Depreciation 2% of costs.

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Windows Window Bilateral Center Total Windows Window Bilateral Center Total Windows Window Bilateral Center Total 1 & 2 3 funding funds Funding 1 & 2 3 funding funds Funding 1 & 2 3 funding funds Funding 6,853 - 5,442 - 12,295 5,829 251 3,602 578 10,260 -1,024 251 -1,840 578 -2,035 333 - 911 - 1,244 290 - 1,200 - 1,490 -43 0 290 0 247 18,265 - 31,857 - 50,122 18,813 1,086 26,153 238 46,290 548 1,086 -5,704 238 -3,832 15,168 - 28,195 - 43,362 15,542 - 25,949 2,505 43,996 375 0 -2,246 2,505 634 Totals for CRP 40,618 - 66,404 - 107,022 40,474 1,337 56,904 3,321 102,036 -144 1,337 -9,500 3,321 -4,986

38% 0% 62% 0% 100% 38% 1% 53% 3% 95% 3% -27% 191% -67% 100% All figures shown are in USD 000's Section (a) is cumulative - includes financial plan of current year as well as those of prior years. Section (b) is cumulative - refers to all costs since inception, not just current year. Section (c) amounts are the differences between Sections (a) and (b).

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Window 1 Window 2 Window 3 Bilateral Center Total funding Funds Funding 20,720 20,720 8,674 8,674 1,605 1,605 669 669 788 21 809 1,126 1,126 3 3 185 471 656 12 12 84 84 44 44 1,293 1,293 20 20 26 26 125 125 77 77 51 51 454 454 6,717 6,717 56 56 14 14 353 353 1,096 1,096 309 309 131 131 21 21 255 255 676 676 1,381 1,381 126 126 348 348 138 138 18 18 269 269 1,710 1,710 166 166 14 14 446 446 656 656 10 10 57 57 66 66 45 45 13 13

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Window 1 Window 2 Window 3 Bilateral Center Total funding Funds Funding 25 25 5 5 5,775 5,775 5 2,542 2,547 52 52 307 307 4,668 4,668 2,758 2,758 79 79 104 104 227 227 39 39 404 404 144 144 52 52 40 40 35 35 597 597 268 268 42 42 230 230 298 3,183 3,481 23 23 54 54 62 62 485 485 Totals for CRP 20,720 8,674 1,337 40,770 2,542 74,043

All figures are in USD 000's

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Windows Window Bilateral Center Total Windows Window Bilateral Center Total Windows Window Bilateral Center Total 1 & 2 3 funding funds Funding 1 & 2 3 funding funds Funding 1 & 2 3 funding funds Funding 4,749 0 3,687 0 8,436 3,933 251 2,181 0 6,365 -816 251 -1,506 0 -2,071 251 0 678 0 929 264 0 1,164 0 1,428 14 0 486 0 500 12,483 0 21,698 0 34,181 14,258 1,086 17,772 238 33,354 1,775 1,086 -3,926 238 -827 10,453 0 19,103 0 29,556 10,939 0 19,653 2,304 32,896 486 0 551 2,304 3,341 Totals for CRP 27,936 0 45,165 0 73,100 29,394 1,337 40,770 2,542 74,043 1,459 1,337 -4,395 2,542 943

2962% 0% 4789% 0% 7752% 3117% 142% 4323% 270% 7852% 155% 142% -466% 270% 100% All figures are for current year. Amounts are in USD 000's Section (a) amounts are as per the CRP6 proposal budget Section (b) amounts are for actual expenses in current year. Section (c) amounts are the differences between Sections (a) and (b).

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All figures are in USD 000's.

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Windows Window Bilateral Center Total Windows Window Bilateral Center Total Windows Window Bilateral Center Total 1 & 2 3 funding funds Funding 1 & 2 3 funding funds Funding 1 & 2 3 funding funds Funding

Theme 1 - Smallholder production systems and markets 5,452 0 8,711 0 14,163 5,754 19 15,568 638 21,979 302 19 6,858 638 7,817 Theme 2 - Management and conservation of forest and tree resources 6,112 0 9,245 0 15,357 5,577 232 7,698 226 13,733 -535 232 -1,547 226 -1,624 Theme 3 - Landscape management for environmental services, biodiversity conservation and livelihoods 5,453 0 9,977 0 15,430 6,100 0 4,225 286 10,611 648 0 -5,752 286 -4,819 Theme 4 - Climate change adaptation and mitigation 5,634 0 13,930 0 19,564 5,366 1,086 10,571 113 17,136 -268 1,086 -3,359 113 -2,428 Theme 5 - Impacts of trade and investment on forests and people 1,720 0 3,302 0 5,022 2,593 0 2,708 0 5,301 873 0 -594 0 279 Cross-cutting - Gender Strategies 1,030 0 0 0 1,030 1,191 0 0 0 1,191 161 0 0 0 161 Cross-cutting - Communications 636 0 0 0 636 960 0 0 1,279 2,239 325 0 0 1,279 1,604 Cross-cutting Sentinel Landscapes 990 0 0 0 990 760 0 0 0 760 -230 0 0 0 -230 Cross-cutting - CRP Management/Coordination 910 0 0 0 910 1,093 0 0 0 1,093 183 0 0 0 183 Totals for CRP 27,936 0 45,165 0 73,100 29,394 1,337 40,770 2,542 74,043 1,459 1,337 -4,395 2,542 943

Theme 1 - Smallholder production systems and markets 417 0 0 0 417 74 19 80 0 173 -343 19 80 0 -244 Theme 2 - Management and conservation of forest and tree resources 3,545 0 3,687 0 7,231 3,196 232 2,101 0 5,529 -349 232 -1,586 0 -1,702 Theme 3 - Landscape management for environmental services, biodiversity conservation and livelihoods 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Theme 4 - Climate change adaptation and mitigation 209 0 0 0 209 0 0 0 0 0 -209 0 0 0 -209 Theme 5 - Impacts of trade and investment on forests and people 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cross-cutting - Gender Strategies 309 0 0 0 309 472 0 0 0 472 163 0 0 0 163 Cross-cutting - Communications 51 0 0 0 51 70 0 0 0 70 19 0 0 0 19 Cross-cutting Sentinel Landscapes 119 0 0 0 119 21 0 0 0 21 -98 0 0 0 -98 Cross-cutting - CRP Management/Coordination 100 0 0 0 100 100 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 Total – all Costs 4,749 0 3,687 0 8,436 3,933 251 2,181 0 6,365 -816 251 -1,506 0 -2,071

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Windows Window Bilateral Center Total Windows Window Bilateral Center Total Windows Window Bilateral Center Total 1 & 2 3 funding funds Funding 1 & 2 3 funding funds Funding 1 & 2 3 funding funds Funding Theme 1 - Smallholder production systems and markets 24 0 292 0 315 9 0 820 0 829 -15 0 529 0 514 Theme 2 - Management and conservation of forest and tree resources 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Theme 3 - Landscape management for environmental services, biodiversity conservation and livelihoods 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Theme 4 - Climate change adaptation and mitigation 27 0 316 0 343 30 0 344 0 374 4 0 28 0 32 Theme 5 - Impacts of trade and investment on forests and people 6 0 71 0 76 14 0 0 0 14 9 0 -71 0 -62 Cross-cutting - Gender Strategies 103 0 0 0 103 111 0 0 0 111 8 0 0 0 8 Cross-cutting - Communications 13 0 0 0 13 14 0 0 0 14 1 0 0 0 1 Cross-cutting Sentinel Landscapes 79 0 0 0 79 86 0 0 0 86 7 0 0 0 7 Cross-cutting - CRP Management/Coordination 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total – all Costs 251 0 678 0 929 264 0 1,164 0 1,428 14 0 486 0 500

Theme 1 - Smallholder production systems and markets 1,663 0 1,466 0 3,129 1,688 0 1,000 67 2,755 25 0 -466 67 -374 Theme 2 - Management and conservation of forest and tree resources 1,961 0 4,310 0 6,271 1,725 0 5,081 0 6,806 -236 0 771 0 535 Theme 3 - Landscape management for environmental services, biodiversity conservation and livelihoods 1,574 0 1,859 0 3,433 2,265 0 1,680 171 4,116 691 0 -179 171 684 Theme 4 - Climate change adaptation and mitigation 4,071 0 10,946 0 15,017 4,228 1,086 7,343 0 12,657 158 1,086 -3,603 0 -2,360 Theme 5 - Impacts of trade and investment on forests and people 1,661 0 3,117 0 4,778 2,359 0 2,668 0 5,027 698 0 -449 0 249 Cross-cutting - Gender Strategies 309 0 0 0 309 334 0 0 0 334 25 0 0 0 25 Cross-cutting - Communications 318 0 0 0 318 562 0 0 0 562 245 0 0 0 245 Cross-cutting Sentinel Landscapes 297 0 0 0 297 261 0 0 0 261 -36 0 0 0 -36 Cross-cutting - CRP Management/Coordination 630 0 0 0 630 836 0 0 0 836 206 0 0 0 206 Total – all Costs 12,483 0 21,698 0 34,181 14,258 1,086 17,772 238 33,354 1,775 1,086 -3,926 238 -827

Theme 1 - Smallholder production systems and markets 3,349 0 6,953 0 10,302 3,983 0 13,668 571 18,222 635 0 6,715 571 7,921 Theme 2 - Management and conservation of forest and tree resources 607 0 1,249 0 1,855 656 0 516 226 1,398 50 0 -733 226 -457 Theme 3 - Landscape management for environmental services, biodiversity conservation and livelihoods 3,879 0 8,119 0 11,997 3,835 0 2,545 115 6,495 -43 0 -5,574 115 -5,502 100 CRP performance monitoring report 2012

Windows Window Bilateral Center Total Windows Window Bilateral Center Total Windows Window Bilateral Center Total 1 & 2 3 funding funds Funding 1 & 2 3 funding funds Funding 1 & 2 3 funding funds Funding Theme 4 - Climate change adaptation and mitigation 1,328 0 2,668 0 3,996 1,108 0 2,884 113 4,105 -220 0 216 113 109 Theme 5 - Impacts of trade and investment on forests and people 54 0 115 0 168 220 0 40 0 260 167 0 -75 0 92 Cross-cutting - Gender Strategies 309 0 0 0 309 274 0 0 0 274 -35 0 0 0 -35 Cross-cutting - Communications 254 0 0 0 254 314 0 0 1,279 1,593 60 0 0 1,279 1,339 Cross-cutting Sentinel Landscapes 495 0 0 0 495 392 0 0 0 392 -103 0 0 0 -103 Cross-cutting - CRP Management/Coordination 180 0 0 0 180 157 0 0 0 157 -23 0 0 0 -23 Total – all Costs 10,453 0 19,103 0 29,556 10,939 0 19,653 2,304 32,896 486 0 551 2,304 3,341

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All figures are in USD 000's.

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Amounts should be reported in USD 000's This reports is on a cumulative basis (prior periods also shown)

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112 cifor.org/Forests-Trees-Agroforestry

This report was published by CIFOR as part of the CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry. This collaborative program aims to enhance the management and use of forests, agroforestry and tree genetic resources across the landscape from forests to farms. CIFOR leads the program in partnership with Bioversity International, CIRAD (Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement), the International Center for Tropical Agriculture and the World Agroforestry Centre.