Language Requirements; Tuition Fees; Student
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DOCUMENT RESUME ED 352 888 HE 026 088 AUTHOR de Jonge, J. F. M.; And Others TITLE Access to Higher Edur;,!tion in the European Community: Synthesis Report (Volume 1) and Country Reports (Volume 2). INSTITUTION Commission of the European Communities, Brussels (Belgium). PUB DATE Jul 92 NOTE 230p.; For a related document, see HE 026 087. PUB TYPE Reports Research/Technical (143) Information Analyses (070) Tests/Evaluation Instruments (160) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC10 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Access to Education; *College Admission; College Students; Data Collection; Educational Demand; Educational Finance; Enrollment; Foreign Countries; Higher Education; Questionnaires; Student Costs; Student Mobility; *Study Abroad; Transfer Students IDENTIFIERS *European Community ABSTRACT This report examines, country by country, the present state of student access to higher education institutions in the Member States of the European Community (EC), as well as the elements which affect access directly and the elements which can potentially have an effect on access. Volume 1 of the report gives an overview of the methods of data collection and discusses each of the elements affecting educational access for EC exchange and transfer students as well as national students. These elements are as follows: the entry requirements and limitations; the recognition of foreign certificates, degrees, and periods of study; the application and reestration procedures; language requirements; tuition fees; student grai!ts; entry and residence regulations; health insurance; cost of living; accommodations; and academic and social guidance. Volume 2 of the report presents information detailing each country's situation relative to each of the elements affecting educational access. A section of "final remarks" from volume 1 discusses the imbalance of student flow and the financing of higher education, unequal entry requirements, language barriers, the lack of information on foreign EC students, and the problem of the non-university sector of higher education. Appendices include a checklist for governmental and academic representatives to help guide them in assessing educational access within their own organizations and countries as it applies to national, foreign EC, short-term EC, and transfer students. Data for the following countries is included: Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Greece, Spain, France, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, and the United Kingdom. (GLR) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** TASK FORC HUMAN RFSOURCFS EDUCATION TRAINING cc YOUTH c.) t.r:1 ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY VOL. I (SYNTHESIS REPORT) -PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY ERANUS Bureau TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC1.- U S. DEPARTMENT OP EDUCATION Once of Educational Research and IrnDrov.m.n1 EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER 1E1410 C INS dOCurnent has been reproduced as COMMISSION reC4nisrong lrOirt the person 0,g110.tat,On OF THE EUROPEAN Knot changes have been made to tmotove COMMUNITIES rOrOduCtiOn quality Points otye.orOpnlonastalwmtmwocu. men! 00 not heCaSSruy retdeirent official OERI CesitiOn or policy BEST COPY AVAILABLE ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY VOL. I (SYNTHESIS REPORT) This report was prepared for the Commission by J.F.M. de Jongeand I.G. Di Ho of the Institute for Policy Research, Leiden (NL). The informationit contains does not necessarily reflect either the position or views of the Commissionof the European Communities. Brussels, July 1992. 4 CONTENTS Pate Introduction 17 1. Entry requirements and limitations 1.1. Entry requirements 17 17 1.1.1. Entry requirements for national students 1.1.2. Entry requirements for foreign EC students withnational qualifications 19 19 1.1.3. Entry requirements for foreign EC transferstudents 20 1.1.4. Entry requirements for foreign EC exchange students 21 1.1.5. Final remarks 1.2. Limitations 22 22 1.2.1. Limitations for national students 23 1.2.2. Limitations for foreign EC students with nationalqualifications 23 1.2.3. Limitations for foreign EC transfer students 25 1.2.4. Limitations for foreign EC exchange students 25 1.2.5. Final remarks 27 2. Recognition of foreign certificates, degrees andperiods of study 27 2.1. Introduction 2.2. The European Community Network ofNational Academic Recognition Information Centres (NARIC) 27 2.3. Recognition of foreign entrance,intermediate and final certificates, degrees and periods of study 28 37 3. Application and registration 3.1. Application and registration proceduresfor foreign EC transfer students 37 3.2. Application and registration proceduresfor foreign EC exchange students 38 41 4. Language requirements 4.1. Language requirements forforeign EC transfer students 41 4.2. Language requirements for foreignEC exchange students 43 45 5. Tuition fees 5.1. Tuition fees for national studentsand foreign EC transfer students 45 5.2. Tuition fees for Foreign EC exchangestudents 46 47 Student grants 6. 47 6.1. Grants for national students 48 6.2. Financial assistance and scholarshipsfor national students going abroad 48 6.3.Financial assistance and scholarships forforeign EC students 51 7. Entry and residence regulations 8. Health insurance 53 8.1. National health insurance 54 8.2. Private health insurance Page 55 9. Cost of living 57 Ac commodatiom 10. 57 10.1. Foreign EC transfer students 57 10.2. Foreign EC exchange students 59 Academic and social guidance 11. 59 11.1. Foreign EC transfer students 59 11.2. Foreign EC exchange students 61 Final remarks 67 Appendix ! 71 Appendix II 75 Appendix III INTRODUCTION Internationalisation is the keyword in highereducation for the 1990s. This orientation can there exists a be explained by both internal andexternal factors. Within higher education which long-standing interest in establishing andmaintaining a learning environment in and knowledge is advanced through exchange amongscholars with diverse perspectives it has taken experiences. This traditional motivationremains an important factor, although on a more pragmaticorientation. higher Secondly, internationalisationislinked topolicies and developments outside and this aspect is education. Student mobility has longbeen an element of foreign policy being strengthened. But there are newdevelopments that have given rise to a new cultural and emphasis in foreign student exchange.This emphasis is economic, as well as socia1.1 student and job As 1992 approaches and with theestablishment of one single European ahead, market symbolizing the central dynamicof the European Community in the years the Community has a greaterneed than ever for students andworkers wno have acquired a sound experience ofeducation and training with a Europeandimension.2 within the European At present the legal situationwith respect to student mobility like. Legally Community is clear: EC students have aright to go and study wherever they The base is this situation has been made clearby several EC-laws and court cases. formed by article 7 of the Treaty ofRome, stating: "Within the scopeof application of this Treaty, and without prejudiceto any special provisionscontained therein, any important EC- discrimination on grounds of nationalityshall be prohibited". Another very The main law is the directive (90/366/EEC) onthe right of residence for students. June 1992 is that provision of this directive whichwill be brought into force by 30 the right of member states should facilitate accessto vocational training by granting stt.ly course. residence to other EC member statesnationals wishing to undertake a However, the following three conditionsshould be kept: alternative means) that to insure the host nationalauthorities (by declaration or any the social the student has sufficient resourcesto avoid becoming a burden on assistance system; for the principal reason of to be enrolled in arecognized educational establishment following a vocational training course; host member state. to be covered by a sicknessinsurance scheme for all risks in the establish any right Article 3 of the directive providesclearly that the directive does not Furthermore, students will be to payment of maintenancegrants by the host member state. this is limited to the provided with a residence permitfor EC member state nationals, but duration of the coursetaken.3 Frangoise Gravier, who The most famous court caseis the case of the French student the high Belgian wanted to study at the LiegeAcademy for Fine Arts but refused to pay approaches (working lInternational seminar on higher education and theflow of foreign students. New patterns, new document) (Paris 1990). countries. The student 2Higher education in the European Community. Adirectory of courses and institutions in 12 handbook (6th edition 1990). 13.7.90 (No. L 180/30): Council directive of 28June 1990 on the right of 30fficial Journal of the European Communities, residence for students. 7 tuition fees for foreign students (1985). The specific questionraised by this case was couched in the following terms: is a European Community nationalentitled to access to educational establishments in the territory of another member state onthe same terms as nationals of that state, if he or she comes to that state for thescia purpose of taking a course of study. there and can claim a residencepermit neither as a