110 Удк 355/359(=512.1) Северо-Восток Европы В Средние

110

3ҢҢҖ3Ң9(=Ң12.1)

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THE NORTH-EAS TERN EUROPE IN THE MIDDLE AGES: THE CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES OF ETHNIC AND POLITICAL HISTORY. Pylypchuk Ya.V. This paper deals with the ethno-political history of Finnish peoples of North- Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages. Toymichi this Finno-Permian people. Chud Zavolotskaya were land with Balto-Finnic predominantly population. Perm is not synonymous Bjarmaland. The question of identity of the Pechora is difficult to solve. Udmurtia elected batyrsand ekseis for rule in their land, but they obeyed the Tatar khans and beks. Udmurt could not create a state, unlike Komi. Great Perm princes were russificated and christinized Komi peoples. Arsk princes were Tatar nobility, who rules Udmurtia. Komi Zyriane is a Sura Poganaya of Russian Sources. Keywords: Komi, Chud Zavolotskayam Udmurts, Komi-zyrians, Toymichi, Bjarmaland, Perm.

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- - . , : . . , , - , . . - . . - . , . . . . - , . , . , . . . , - . әУКrЦКr әОШrЦКs - , . Л Щ - . . , , - . . , - - - (, 19җ1). « » . - ( « ») (, 2җҗ1; ). - . – , – (, 2җҗ1; , 2җҗ4; , , 2җҗ9, М.4Ҥ3, 4Ҥң). - -. БIII . , , , , (, 2җҗҢ). - БI . - « » 112 . 4

Ш. - - (). . , - - : , , , , , , , . , , , . , , , , (), . - . - 2Ңҗ–3җҗ , (, 199Ң, .1Ҥ–2җ; , 2җҗң). PОrт-ЦКК (« ») . . . , « » ( 2җҗ3, c.567–Ңңҥ; , 194Ҥ). , « ». « ». - - (SККrТФТЯТ, 2җҗң, Щ.1Ң1–158 (136–14ҥ)). (SККrТФТЯТ, 2җҗң, Щ.13Ң–137 (51–Ң2)). - (SККrТФТЯТ, 2җҗң, Щ.132–135 (48–Ң1)). (SККrТФТЯТ, 2җҗң, p.129–132 (45– 4ҥ)). - -, Ш. . . , . . , . . - . . , . . - . . . . . . - . - ( - .. 113

) . - - , , . . , . - ( ), , . . - . - - . . . . - . . - . , , . . , - . . - - . - - , М LКЩЩ, - , . . , . . . – « ». . , - . . - . , , (, 2җ12, .41–4Ң; , 19ҥҤ, .ң4–ңҤ; , 19ҥҤ, c.113–14ҥ; , 194Ҥ; GШХНОЧ, 199җ, .2Ңҗ; , 2җҗҤ, .1Ң–27; Saarikivi, 2006; Helimski, 2006, p.111–12Ҥ; , 2җҗ3, .ҢңҤ–568; , 19Ҥ2; , 1999). , - . , . – . . , - , . . . . , , 114 . 4

, - (; , 1994; , 199Ң, .24). . . . - . . , - , - , . . - , . - (). . . - . , . , . , . . , - . , - . , . . , – . , , , - . , - . . , VI–IБ . , , . . - , - - . . . , - . . , - . . . , , . . - . . , , - . I . - . - .. 115

(, 2җҗ9, .44–Ҥң; , 2җҗҥ, .2ң–30). , ЮН-mort, urt-murt, uk-ЦШrЭ. ЦЮrЭ ЦШrЭ - ЦОrЭК. MОrЭК, , ЦrЭК. . UН . ШНШ(ЦКrТУ). . , - ШЧЭО (, ), , , КЧНСК. . , ШНО-mort – - КЧЭК-ЦКrЭК ( , - ). . , - III, - « ». , БVI ., , « ». , – . - . БV . - . , . . , , ФТХЦОг – . - , . , - – . - . . , . - - - - . -, . - . , – , , , , , , , . . , , , - , , , , , , , , , , - , , , , , . . , - . . - 116 . 4

() . - , . - . . . , . , , , . БIV–БV . (, 199Ҥ, .49–Ң1; , 2җҗҢ; , 2җҗң; , 2җҗң; , 2җ1җ, . 1җ–22). БII . . 11Ҥ4 . , 11ҥ1 . – . . - . . , . БIV–БV . (). . - . . - , , . , - - , , , , , , , , . , , . - , , , . – , . - , . – - . , , , , , , , , , , . - . - , . – . , . - . - – . . - .. 117

- , - . - , , , - . , . , , . . , – , . . . - . () . . . , , - 14ҥ9 ., – 14ң2 . . , , . - . , - (, 2җҗ4, .Ңҥ–ңҤ; , 2җҗҢ, .ҢҢҤ–Ңңҗ; , 2җҗҢ, .21ң–219; , 2җҗҢ, .1җ–1ң; , 2җҗ4; , 2җҗң, .32Ң–33җ; , 2җҗң; , 2җҗң). , - , . – . - , . , , - . - «». - . , , 1ҢҢ3–1ҢҢҤ . - - , . - 14ҥ9 . 1ҢҢ2 ., (, 199Ҥ, .Ң2–Ң4; , 2җҗ4). . . , - - -. 118 . 4

, , - , . - - ( ). , – Кr. - . (, 194җ, .ҥҢ; , 19Ҥ1; , 2җҗң). . (, 2җҗҗ, . 19). . . . - (, 2җҗ9). , , , - - . , - . - - - . . - III–VI . IБ . -- - . - - . , , , , . - . - - . - . - , - - . - (, 19ҥҤ; - , 19ҥҤ; , 19ҥҤ; , 199Ҥ, .4ҥ–Ң1; - , 2җҗ4; , 19ҥҢ; , 2җ12; , 2җ13, .ҥ9–109). . , - БV . . , - БV–БVI . .. 119

. . , - . XI–БII . . БI . , , , - . БII . - . , - , . - . - , . - , , . , , . , . , - . БIV . , , , (- -), (, ), . – . . « - » 13ң4 . , , , . - 13ҥ4 . , , , . -, - . – . -, , . , . 13ҥ3 . . 13ҥ4 . . - . , , , . 13ҥҢ . , 120 . 4

. 13ҥң . , . 13ҥ9 . - . 1392 . - , - , . , ( ; - - , 19Ңҥ; , 2җҗ9, .9ң–118). ФШmimort – . - ФШЦТ ФШЦО (, ). - ФШЦЦЮ. KвЦТ , KКЦ , . - - ФШЦЦЮsК. Komi-ЦШrЭ - . БVIII . - . - . . . . , - . БII . . - , , , , . - . . . 3җ . ( ) (, 199Ҥ, .ҢҢ–Ңҥ; - 19Ңҥ; , 199Ң, .2Ң–26). . , sЮrУК. . - sОrКЧ - гrКв-КЧ ( ). ., «». . , . () öö (, - ). . - sвrУт (), sвrУтlтТЧОЧ ( ). .. 121

. – ö ö (. ), , . - srтЧ, srпЧ, sărКЧ,s rпЧ. – sКrтЧ, – r. . , ǡ . , - . , . 139ҥ . , 141ҥ . – , 1444 . – . - . 14ң2 . , -. - . - - , БV – БVI . (, 199Ҥ, .ҢҢ–Ңҥ; - - , 19Ңҥ; , 2җҗң; , 199Ң, .21–23). БV . - – . - , - . (. , . , . , . , . ) , . - . , . , . , , - . - - , - . - . . - , , , II . . . - БV . . , , , - , . , , - – (. ), (. ), , (. ), (. ). 14ҥҢ . III 122 . 4

, . , БV . - . . , , . 14Ҥ2 . - , - (, 2җҗ1; - - , 19Ңҥ; , 2җ1җ–2җ11; , 2җҗ4; , 2җҗҥ; - 199Ң, .2җ). . . , - . - . - I . .. , . , - - - . , , , . . - . . , - - , . , . - . . , - , - . . - . , , , - , , . - , - . , . - , , , - . . - , , , . . - . .. 123

. - – -, - . , , - , , , , . . , . . - . , - . . . - (, 19ҥҤ; - , 19ҥҤ; , 19ҥҤ; , , 2җ11; - , 2җҗҤ, .ңҢ–ҤҢ; , , , 2җҗҗ; , 200җ; , 2җҗ9, .39Ң–4җҤ; , 2җҗҢ; , 1999; , 1999; , 2җҗҥ, .3җ). – . , , - . - . . , , , . - . - - , .

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