МЕТРОInternational info region: International Association in 2016 www.asmetro.ru 2016 digest

THE SUBWAYS OF EURASIA REGION CONTENTSМЕТРО International Association Metro

Suppliers of rolling stock, components, systems Subways 6 News Alstom Transport Metro Axis Communications rd Metro 7 The 93 UITP Metro Assembly Bombardier Transportation (Signal) Ltd. Dnepropetrovsk Metro ES-Service 8 Metro metro celebrated its 50th anniversary Kryukov Car Building Plant Metro Metro and Rail Equipment Innovative and 12 International round table gathered subways in Tbilisi Industrial Cluster of Transport Kiev Metro Engineering Companies Metro 14 Innovative rolling stock for subways MetroIngReconstruction Metro 18 subway: 45 years in operation Metro NIIEFA ENERGO Novosibirk Metro 24 New simulators designed by Logos Power Machines - Rheostat Plant Pluton Metro 28 Annual Council and round table held by RSVO Metro Association in Yerevan TransTeleKom Samara Metro Transport Research Center Metro 30 ES-Service supplies for VAGO-REV 32 VENTPROM, Artyomovsky Train automatic control system for Russian subways Metro Engineering Plant 36 25 anniversary of Yekaterinburg subway

th 40 15 international conference on transport security held in Moscow

42 Innovations for subways at Innotrans 2016

44 Curiosities and prospects for

МЕТРО INFO International magazine The opinions of the authors of the articles may not coincide Founded by, publisher: International Association Metro with the point of view of the editor. The reprint of materials Chief Editor: Igor Ermolenko is possible only with the permission of the publisher. The Deputy Chief Editor: Dmitry Golovin link to the magazine is required when reprinted. Editors: Circulation: 300 magazines. Vyacheslav Kuryshev Distribution: in the office of the International Association Sergey Mizgirev Metro, in the offices of the members of the Association, International Association Metro was created by the Contacts: direct mailing, at trade shows. initiative of subways. It unites 33 subways and the 2, Okruzhnoy Proyezd, bldg. 1, Moscow, 107553, Russia suppliers from 9 countries of Eurasia region. The As- Tel./Fax: +7 495 688 02 89 Designed and printed by: Rusgortrans ltd. 2, Okruzhnoy Proyezd, bldg. 1, Moscow, 107553, Russia sociation fulfi ls coordinating and information-ana- E-mail: [email protected] Tel. +7(495) 287-4412 Tel./Fax: +7 495 688 02 89 lytical functions, organizes the search for solutions http://www.asmetro.ru Chief Designer: Maxim Goncharov E-mail: [email protected] of various problems arising in the process of subway http://www.asmetro.ru maintenance. The Association is a member of UITP. «МЕТРО INFO International» 2016 digest 3 МЕТРО GREETINGS

Dear colleagues, From November 29 till December 1, 2016, the International Union of Public Transport (UITP), Moscow Metro and Mosgortrans - the largest operators of public transport in Eurasia, will hold the 4th International Conference and the ExpoCityTrans Exhibition in Moscow under the slogan: “Your ticket to the multimodal future”. The benefits of public transport for the environment, for the , for its dwellers and enterprises are unquestionable. Today public transport operators are in the lead in terms of the number of employees and they can be justly considered to be the larg- est employers of the city. The necessity for further development of public transport is evident for everyone. ExpoCityTrans is an exhibition of technologies and products for public transport, as well as a one-day conference dedicated to the most up-to-date developments in our industry. The 4th Conference and the ExpoCityTrans Exhibition will be held within the framework of the meeting of the UITP Council and Russian Transport Week: Congress and Exhibition “Transport of Russia 2016” organized by the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation. We expect participation of the representatives of the Eurasian transport industry - manufacturers, operators, government officials and guests from all over the world. The Eurasian Conference and Exhibition provide public transport professionals with a platform for international exchange of experience, demonstration of the best prac- tices, efficient promotion of innovations and demonstration of the latest advances in the transport industry which help to make more livable and more convenient for work. We are sure that your participation in ExpoCityTrans will inspire you to bold decisions and our joint efforts will improve the public transport system in the Eurasian region. We look forward to seeing you in Moscow.

Alain Flausch Secretary General of UITP

Dear colleagues! Welcome to ExpoCityTrans, the largest Russian exhibition of public transport! Today the role of public transport can hardly be overestimated. Vital activity of cities and regions, their social and economic well-being are depended on its reliable and stable work. This year the ExpoCityTrans Exhibition is going to be held for the fourth time and, according to the tradition, it is going to be the most important event of the year for the transport industry of our country. The leading specialists and transport industry pro- fessionals will meet here again to exchange the accumulated experience, to discuss the development of modern technologies and services, to demonstrate the operation of the state-of-the-art equipment and to unveil unique inventions. For the years the ExpoCityTrans Exhibition became an open discussion platform and an efficient communication space for representatives of the leading domestic and for- eign companies working in the transport industry. Every year the exhibition attracts more and more visitors. This is not by accident, because it does not only ensure an ef- ficient combination of the exhibition-related and business events, it unites the unique transport exhibition with the forums and conferences that are open for all competent experts from Russia and overseas. I would like to wish all the guests and participants of ExpoCityTrans a successful search for new ideas, fruitful contacts and mutually beneficial cooperation!

Dmitry Pegov Head of the Moscow Metro

4 «МЕТРО INFO International» 2016 digest МЕТРО NEWS EVENTSМЕТРО

Novosibirsk: photos of students will appear in subway trains Most of the children live in small towns and villages and for the fi rst rd time got the opportunity to see one of the largest transport systems in The 93 UITP Metro Assembly the world – the Moscow subway. This chance was given by education rom October 5th till 7th, 2016, Rio program implemented by the Government of the Irkutsk region with de Janeiro hosted the 93rd UITP the support of Federal ministries of culture, education and transport. FMetro Assembly which attracted Children were not only the fi rst time to take the subway, but also representatives of metropolitan rail- could see how it operates from the inside. There have been prepared ways, heads of subcommittees and a guided tour for the schoolboys from Irkutsk, which began in «Var- regional branches of the International shavskoye» depot, where they learned how the train is preparing for Union of Public Transport. the operation and how the depot works. After a briefi ng on the rules of Representatives of the International behavior in the Moscow subway the guys took the cars of «Soyuzmult- Association «Metro» took an active part fi lm» train and took part in a photo session with the images of there in the work of the Assembly. favorite cartoon characters. This train proceeded to the «Borovitskaya» The program included events that station after which they continued their tour by the Russian capital. started in São Paulo shortly before The train Museum with a new exhibition dedicated to the history of «We are pleased to provide children with the opportunity to visit the opening of the Assembly. The del- student groups in the city and region began to operate in the Novosi- the Moscow subway as well as to look «behind the scenes», – said the egates discussed the opportunities and birsk subway on 28 October. A new exhibition is called «a construction head of the subway Mr. Dmitry Pegov. “I hope that once being here, perspectives of the modern train con- crew go on!». The presentation of the carriage took place at the station guys will desire to come back again. Perhaps this tour will help to de- trol systems at a round-table meeting. «Ploschad Garina-Mihajlovsky». The walls and doors of the carriage termine future professional choice for some of them». It was focused on the issues of imple- were adorned with photos and texts about the movement of student PR department of the Moscow subway mentation and operation of automated teams of Russia and , since 1960-ies to the present day. metro lines in . Then the partici- “The city’s residents can fi nd memories, articles, letters, newspa- Kiev: metro asked not to abandon the tokens pants had a technical visit to the auto- budget. That is why the construction is ed with account for the climatic, finan- pers, annual reports on the work of student groups. All these docu- Public activists asked Municipal enter- mated metro line of São Paulo. carried out by means of development cial, economic and political factors that ments helped to gather experts from the Museum and the veterans prise « metro» not to abandon the The opening of the 93rd Assembly was of the public-private partnership and are different from the ones in . of the movement. We also got signifi cant assistance in the prepara- tokens as a form of fare payment in the held in Rio de Janeiro. The welcoming through arrangement of conditions for The metro lines in Latin America tion of the exhibition from the members of the Novosibirsk branch subway. The petition appeared on the speech was given by Pere Calvet, Di- attraction of private investors to proj- transport 20 million passengers daily, of the youth organization «Russian student teams», said Director of website of the . «Kyiv met- rector General of FGC Company (Bar- ects. they are located in 22 cities in 10 coun- Novosibirsk regional Fund of preservation and development of Rus- ro by 2017 plans to completely eliminate celona), Vice-President of the UITP The heads of subcommittees in- tries. Considering the high popula- sian language «Native word» Lyudmila Monahova. the tokens, replacing them with contactless cards, despite the fact that and Chairman of the Metro Committee. formed the participants on the work tion density of the region (570 million Exhibition about the history of student groups have changed in the paying for the subway by the means of tokens is the most convenient Then the participants had a visit to the performed in 2016. Some of the re- people), 200 million of which use public train-Museum exhibition dedicated to the founder and fi rst Chairman for many people (especially for those who rarely use subway). We re- transport system that had been searches done by the members of the transport, there is an urgent need for of the SB RAS Mikhail Lavrentyev. The train car devoted to students quire leaving the tokens as a form of payment in the underground, at put into operation in 2016 before the subcommittees generated consider- further construction and development groups, will run until the end of 2016. least keeping tokens in use alongside with the cards,» wrote the au- Olympic Games. able interest, e.g.: the efficiency of of metro systems in cities. Besides in the museum train there is a carriage dedicated to the an- thors of the petition, the inhabitant of Kiev Mr. Evgeny Podgorny. Eurasian region was represented by LED light fittings in metro, the role of The events of the 93rd Metro Assem- niversary of transport police. The full transition from tokens to contactless cards fare payment is Mr. D.A. Doshchatov, the representa- the communication based train control bly were concluded by a technical visit news.ngs.ru planned for 2017. The subway already started to reduce the number tive in the Metro Committee, Chief En- system in ensuring rail traffic safety. to the metro stations of Rio de Janeiro, of turnstiles that accept tokens. gineer and Deputy Head of the Mos- The head of the operation subcommit- including the new line L4 that had been 400 students from the Irkutsk region took a tour to the 112.ua cow Metro. During the presentation he tee spoke about the research conduct- previously opened in 2016 before the Moscow subway spoke about putting into operation and ed for assessment of risks during the Summer Olympic Games. In the framework of the Federal educational project «My Russia – Faces of the subway exhibition opened in Saint-Petersburg passenger service management within work of the metro system and about the The next significant event for the In- two capitals: Moscow and Saint-Petersburg» 400 students from the The exhibition dedicated to the subway employees and their work the that had impact of various factors on the occur- ternational Union of Public Transport is opened in the Interactive centre of the history of St. Petersburg sub- been integrated into the Moscow Metro rence of incidents. the International Summit and UITP Ex- way (29, Odoevskogo str.). The exhibition is timed to the Day of road system. The stationary equipment subcom- hibition that will be held on May 15th – and urban passenger transport employs. The exhibition includes The working sessions of that day mittee performed an analysis of results 17th, 2017 in Montreal. photographs that feature the best subway workers in their fi elds and were focused on acquaintance with the of natural disasters and their impact on The next meeting of the UITP Metro their jobs. The photos of drivers, dispatchers, medical, mechanical details of construction of metros in the the work of metro systems, which is re- Assembly is scheduled for the autumn personnel and even a blacksmith give the opportunity to imagine cities of Brazil, with the problems relat- lated to the increased number of natu- of 2017 in Vienna. working conditions of the underground workers, their environment ed to their operation and development ral calamities. After the completion of the 93rd Metro and what functions they run. prospects. Heads of transport compa- On the last day of the Assembly the Assembly its participants thanked the There was a great interest to the exhibition from its opening. The nies provided the audience with infor- heads of metro systems of the Latin management of the Rio de Janeiro Met- fi rst visitors were students of St. Petersburg schools, some of which mation on the metro systems of Rio de American region delivered their re- ro for the warm welcome and the splen- are going become a specialties of the subway. Janeiro, São Paulo, Salvador, Brasilia, ports. They came from Buenos Aires, did implementation of the events. The exhibition «Faces of the underground» will run in the Inter- on their performance data and techni- Santiago, Mexico, Monterrey and the active centre of the history of the metro until mid-November 2016. cal features. As it was noted in the re- new member – the city of Valparaíso Deputy Director General of the Irkutsk region for the fi rst time came to Moscow. One of the Central The project «Faces of the subway» can also be seen on the offi cial ports, the main problems of the devel- (Chile). The reports are of particular in- International Association «Metro» events of their journey was the tour to the subway. Boys and girls ran website of St.Petersburg subway. The pictures with small stories are opment of the public terest due to the fact that South Ameri- D.A. Golovin by train «Soyuzmultfi lm» from depot “Varshavskoye” to «Borovitska- published in its special section. include poverty, investment difficulties ca has a number of unique features and Phone: +7 (495) 688-0289 ya» station. metronews.ru and shortage of funds in the federal its metro systems are built and operat- E-mail: [email protected]

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th ing, where the dispatching centers of tion depends on well-arranged Service water leaks and filling of voids behind Tbilisi metro celebrated its 50 anniversary underground and traffic and power operation. the lining, treatment of drainage supply control were located, was sub- The Tracks and Tunnel Structures and water collecting system, facing and ject to reconstruction. Mentioned wing Service includes: plastered surfaces, structures in the was adapted both for current workflow • Track distance tunnel (metallic foot-paths, pedestrian and emergency operating control. • Tunnel structures distance banquettes, etc.). Tbilisi Transport Company and the • Motor and rail vehicles distance Failure-free operation of the motor city authorities are hard at work on the • Failure detecting laboratory and rail vehicle distance and service development of the Tbilisi Metro. It is • Surveying and emergency re- trains included into it is instrumental planned to complete the numerous sponse teams. in organizing and carrying out of listed projects, which will aim to the infra- Well-arranged operation of all above- work. Significant work is carried out structure development, enhancement mentioned subdivisions ensures safe by the failure detecting laboratory, the of safety and improvement of passen- operation of the facilities of the Tracks responsibility of which includes check- ger service quality. and Tunnel Structures Service: track ing of railway facilities, fixing of defects In 2015, construction of new under- infrastructure (track miles is 63.9 km); and taking of corresponding measures ground station “State University” was 22 stations; 56.6 km of tunnel (includ- ensuring the safety of passenger train started. Mentioned station was planned ing station ); two electric engine traffic. as the terminal station of the Saburta- houses (Nadzaladevi and Gldani) and The surveying team systematically linskaya line and the train stub tracks a range of other structures, including monitors overall dimensions of the infrastructure was combined in it. Con- overhead crossings, pedestrian and structures by using clearance gauge, struction of the station was started transport (train) bridge, air shafts, wa- timely fixes the defects and keeps the several decades ago, but it was shortly ter pump station, etc. survey markers on the Metro route in suspended. Municipal Development Maintenance and treatment of track good repair. Detected defect symp- Fund with funding from Asian Develop- facilities involve their improvement and toms, operative repair of which is ex- ment Bank resumed the construction repair according to the set standards. ecuted by the service emergency re- of mentioned station. Within the frames The broken down rolling rails (accord- sponse team, are under the constant of the project development, the com- ing to passaged tonnage, wear and control. plex of station “State University” will be tear and received defects), fixture ele- The service workshop provides man- bilisi Metro is a member of “Tbili- of the Tbilisi Metro was taken by the modern appearance, and modern con- completed and the second line tunnel ments, cross-ties, crossing sleepers, ufacturing of products necessary for si Transport Company”, 100% Regulation of the Council of Ministers trol panel was installed in the driver’s will start to operate at stations “” etc. are replaced periodically. the facilities and repair and preven- Tshares of which are owned by of the . cabin. Old systems and assemblies and “Vazha-Pshavela” that will increase Maintenance and treatment of tun- tive maintenance of the machines and the Mayor’s Office of the city of Tbili- The underground was opened on 11 were replaced with new ones contain- the train traffic volume on mentioned nel structures is carried out by execut- tools. si, . It operates since 1966, of January 1966 on the section includ- ing modern control and data process- section. ing repair work: removal and diverting All above mentioned on-line work when the first Metro section “- ing 6 stations (“Didube”, “Elektrodepo”, ing microprocessor technologies. At Cost of work described above is of ground water, treatment and recov- is carried out by the staff members in Rustaveli” was opened. In 2009, mu- “Oktyabrskaya” (now “Nadzaladevi”), this point, up to 94% of the whole rolling 83,000,670 laris (about Euro 32 mln.) ery of track concrete, concreting of number of 360 persons, the main part nicipal and associated immov- “Vokzalnaya Square”, “Mardzhanishvili” stock, the process of which upgrading and they are planned to be completed replaced cross-ties, executing of dis- of which works in night time after volt- able property in the form of three and “Rustaveli”) and the length of line will continue in 2016 as well, is already in two years. Construction of new un- charge work for plugging of ground age removal from the conductor rail. vehicle fleets were transferred to the was 6.5 kilometers. The underground improved. derground station is a very important company’s ownership by decision of opening became a milestone and out- In 2006-2010, the major repair of event for the city transport system of the Mayor’s Office of the city of Tbili- standing event for both the city admin- 8 stations, as a result of which the fa- Tbilisi. si. In 2012, business of the company istration and all Tbilisi residents. cades and interiors were renovated, In 2016, Tbilisi Transport Company was extended and new cable railroad In 1967-1971, the first line of the Tbilisi work on improvements of power supply plans the recovery of underground sta- “Rike-Narikala” was added to its as- Metro was complemented by five more and water drainage systems, security tions, within the frames of which the sets. Tbilisi residents and guests of stations and the second 5.8 km long systems of telephone, television and major repair of seven stations is pre- the capital of Georgia must receive the underground line (“Saburtalinskaya”) computer networks was carried out, pared. Improvement of the rolling stock high-quality transport service. The trip consisting of 5 stations and connected the firefighting system was upgraded will be in progress: major and midlife should be maximally safe and comfort- the Vokzalnaya Square with the Sabur- and major repair of escalators, service repair will cover 28 cars. able. About 5,800 persons are the per- talo district came into operation in 1979. and utility spaces was executed, was manent employees of the company. In 1985-1989, 5 new stations were executed within the frames of improve- Brief information on major structural 11 of January is a landmark of the opened on the first line and one more ment and development of the Tbilisi service of the Tbilisi Metro city of Tbilisi, as this day of all others station on the Saburtalinskaya line was Metro infrastructure. the Tbilisi Metro was formally opened put into operation in 2000. In 2014, Tbilisi Transport Company Tracks and Tunnel Structures in 1966. Rugged terrain of the city cre- In 2005, cars remodeling that cov- implemented a large-scale project: the Service ated the obstacles for ground transport ered both extensive major repair work Tbilisi Metro was equipped with modern The Tracks and Tunnel Structures development. It was one of the reasons and installation of modern systems was dispatching system, which replaced the Service plays one of the key roles in the facilitating the construction of the un- started. Old parts were replaced with old one. Within the frames of this proj- Tbilisi Metro operation. Smooth and derground in Tbilisi. On 29 of Septem- new ones, the car interior was essen- ect, the eastern wing of the third floor safe train traffic being the main factor ber 1951, the decision of construction tially changed, the exterior received of the Company’s administrative build- in the context of passenger transporta-

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“Gldani” depot Since 2005, Tbilisi branch of “Electric Traffic Service • Facilities under construction ser- Electric depot “Gldani” was put into Stock Repair Plant” executes major re- The Traffic Service is a structural unit vice department fulfils maintenance of operation on 7 of November 1985 as a pair of the cars with remodeling. Within of “Tbilisi Transport Company” with 506 the tunnels under construction, ground part of the First line of the Tbilisi Metro. the frames of remodeling, the following employees. Scope of activities of the water transit and drainage channels The depot consists of administration equipment is installed on the cars: Service includes organizing of trains cleaning, as well ensures failure-free and amenity building, train parking and • microprocessor-controlled trac- traffic and carriage of passenger, pro- operation of the respective lifting and repair building, consisting, in its turn, tion apparatus with application of pow- viding qualitative service of passengers drainage devices. of three repair pits and fourteen park- er intelligent IGBT-modules; and their safety. • Dispatch office provides coor- ing and inspection pits with work areas • compressor device equipped with The Service includes the following dination activity of the electrical and and auxiliary facilities: washing and screw pairs and asynchronous inverter subdivisions: mechanical service’s subdivisions, blasting chambers, cleaning devices, drive; • Administration – 9 employees; monitors failure-free and well-orga- compressor station, paint shop and • electronic units of automatic • Dispatch office – 12 employees; nized operation of escalators and cars turning bay. speed control apparatus and onboard • 22 stations – 481 employees; electrical and mechanical devices, Territory of the depot is 12.8 hect- power sources; • Accounting – 4 employees. as well as other devices and equip- ares. Tbilisi branch of “Electric Stock • non-spillable batteries, etc. The basis of train traffic is an automat- ment of the electrical and mechanical Repair Plant” is also situated at the Along with specified work, the work ic train signaling with automatic speed service’s departments. The dispatch mentioned territory. “Gldani” depot sections and laboratories are orga- control. In 2014, the old-fashioned cen- office executes operating and techni- designated rolling stock yard includes nized in the depot with the purpose of tralized dispatching control system was cal management of day-to-day repair the Service: 6 kV – 1,800 meters, 825 V to replace old-fashioned local control 162 cars; the operational yard includes control, service, repair and adjustment reconstructed that resulted in essential and audit work and measures aimed to – 2,000 meters and 380/220 V – 12,000 machines existing at the stations with 124 cars, among which 112 remodeled of remodeled apparatus and assem- improvement of both train traffic safety troubleshooting. meters. Work on replacement of old- computer equipment in future on the cars were formed into four-car trains. blies. and work conditions of the dispatch of- type batteries with new maintenance- basis of the system. The trains “Gldani” operate on the fice employees. Power Supply department free batteries is in progress. Service of old-fashioned communi- First line of the Tbilisi Metro from sta- “Nadzaladevi” depot The Power Supply department is en- Up to now, work on upgrading of light- cations systems is one of the outstand- tion “Varketili” to station “Ahmeteli “Nadzaladevi” was accepted for op- Electrical and Mechanical Service gaged in receiving of high-voltage elec- ing of the tunnels and entrance halls is ing issues of the department activities Theatre”. Total line mileage is 40,304 eration in 1965. The depot consists of 514 employees are employed in the trical power from the urban distribution in progress: old lighting devices are re- due to production end of necessary km and the number of stations is 16. administration and amenity building, Electrical and Mechanical Service of with its further conversion and supply to placed with new energy saving lamps spare parts and materials. In this re- The depot is connected to the line by train parking and repair building and “Tbilisi Transport Company”. The Ser- all facilities of “Tbilisi Transport Compa- and LED lamps that allows significant gard, upgrade of radio train communi- double-track tunnels laying to sta- track raising building. Total territory is 2 vice combines: escalators department, ny”. With the purpose of improvement decreasing electrical power consump- cation, dispatch and operational com- tion “Guramishvili” with total length of hectares. The operational yard includes electrical and mechanical department, of electrical power supply reliability, tion. munication and fire signaling, as well as 3,969 km. 33 remodeled cars formed into three- facilities under construction service all substations are interconnected by The dispatch service was provided their switching to modern digital sys- From the day of putting into operation car trains. Staff – 122 persons, 64 are department, as well as sanitary group, high-voltage cable lines. 267 people with the remote control systems that tems are provided for in the develop- and till now, the depot fully carries out the train drivers. remote control group, dispatch office work in the department. It includes five allowed making dispatch control more ment plans for 2015-2017. Completion the work specified in the regulations by The trains “Nadzaladevi” operate on and workshop. subdivisions (groups): flexible and dynamic. of these projects will provide improve- all types of maintenance and routine the Saburtalinskaya line of the Metro • Escalators department serves 59 • Electrical power supply group; ment of train traffic and passenger car- repair of the Metro rolling stock. “Gl- with the length of 13.2 km and 6 sta- escalators of different types that means • Cable networks group; Signaling and Communication de- riage safety that in its turn is the main dani” have 346 emloyers from which tions. Opening of the seventh station is executing of day-to-day repair and au- • Lighting group; partment purpose of the department. 155 are the electric train drivers. planned for 2017. dit work with the purpose of ensuring • Electrical protection and automatic The Signaling and Communication of their failure-free operation and safe remote control group; department is a structural unit of “Tbili- Combined Workshops carriage of passengers. • Dispatch office and emergency si Transport Company” with staff of 215 The Combined Workshops (CW) of • Electrical and mechanical depart- and recovery bay. employees. The Signaling and Commu- “Tbilisi Transport Company” started ment services the water supply system Equipment on the Metro substations nication department handles train and operation in November 1972. Their ter- (64 km of water pipeline) and water dis- is operated from the opening day and rolling stock separation systems; all ritory is 5455 hectares. Numbers of charge system, as well as sewerage needs to be replaced and upgraded. communication facilities; call signaling staff are 96 persons, among which are network and drainage basins. With the Specific work was executed in that re- devices; clock system; fire and protec- the veterans working as from the date purpose of implementation of above- gard: from four traction substations, tion signaling devices; passenger auto- of the facility establishment. mentioned measures, 171 pumps of old-type high-voltage oil switches were mation devices. There is an administration building, different types, well-organized and replaced on three (“Mardzhanishvili”, The department includes the follow- main production shop and other ancil- failure-free operation of which is en- “” and “Gotsiridze”) ones; and ing subdivisions: lary buildings in the CW territory. sured by the electrical and mechani- from ten integrated substations, high- • Signaling group; The Combined Workshops consists cal department, are used. At the same voltage magnetic switches were re- • Communications group; of two main structural units: time, the electrical and mechanical de- placed with modern vacuum switches • Repair and technology group; • Integrated service shop; partment executes day-to-day repair on two – “СТП-9” (Station “Delisi”) and • Passenger automation group. • Escalators repair group. and audit work and ensures failure-free “СТП-5” (Station “Vokzalnaya Square”) In 2015, new upgraded centralized Primary activity of the enterprise in- operation of main (56 devices of differ- ones. Feeder switches 825 V were re- dispatching control system based on cludes executing of routine, midlife and ent types) and local (210 devices of sev- placed on all traction substations. using of modern digital technologies major repair of escalators. Assembly eral types) ventilation systems used for Over the past year, the cable lines and including actually infinite possibili- units are remodeled in the CW by using provision of normal microclimate in the were recovered (replaced) in tunnels ties of management and control was the latest technology with the purpose Tbilisi Metro. and on ground sections by efforts of accepted for operation. It is planned of extension of escalators service life.

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of the report was definitely related to International round table gathered the previous one. Mr. A. Popov, Acting Director General subways in Tbilisi of NIIEFA-Energo LLC, delivered the he International Round Table audience, thanked them for their par- Mr. Brodeo’s report aroused great report “Manufacture of Equipment for Meeting on the current prob- ticipation and wished the delegates ef- interest among the participants of the Traction Energy Systems of Metros”. Tlems of metro systems was held ficient work. meeting, and the discussion touched After the completion of the Round Ta- on January 28, 2016 in Tbilisi in accor- In accordance with the program, upon various issues related to the ble Meeting its participants, represen- dance with the activity plan. This event Mr. Gautier Brodeo, the expert rep- construction and operation of the au- tatives of metro systems, enterprises is of great importance for the activities resenting the RATP (the Paris Metro) tomatic metro: from the construction and companies congratulated the staff of the International Association «Met- delivered the report “The Operating time and return on investment to the of «Tbilisi Transport Company» LLC on ro». The meeting was jointly organized Experience of the Paris Metro and impact of human factors. the 50th anniversary of the Tbilisi Metro by the International Association «Met- the Peculiarities of Automation”. The The next report on mobile rail mill- and wished the major transport compa- ro», JSC «Tbilisi Transport Company» spokesman presented the basic indi- ing under the conditions of the metro ny of Georgia further development and and the International Union of Public cators of the work of the RATP. It is the was presented by Mr. Igor Popady- prosperity. Transport. It was held within the frame- main transport operator of Paris and uk, head of the Austrian company Then the participants of the Round work of the events dedicated to the 50th it includes the metro and part of the DUKE’S Handels GmbH. Table Meeting were invited to a cer- anniversary of the Tbilisi Metro. It was above-ground transport. The expert Upon detection of certain defects emonial reception at the City Hall of not the first time that the association raised the issues of investment policy, the rails must be replaced, which re- Tbilisi, where the Mayor congratulated organized such meetings: the round renewal of the fleet of cars, the further quires material expenses, time and the metro employees on the anniver- table meetings held in Minsk, Moscow development of the system of auto- financial expenses. However, many sary and presented awards to the long- and St. Petersburg proved to be effi- matic metro lines. The report also in- rail defects can be eliminated by mill- service employees of metro construc- cient due to the relevance of the issues cluded general information about the ing its work surface on site, without tion and the metro system. raised and the interest that is con- status of the RATP network which com- its removal from the track. This op- Within the framework of the events stantly aroused by the speeches of the prises 14 metro lines, 8 lines, 2 eration is successfully performed by dedicated to the anniversary of the spokespersons representing domestic electric train lines which pass through the rail milling unit as part of a special Tbilisi Metro, the delegates had the op- and foreign metro systems, manufac- the city center and bus routes. But the train. portunity to see the display organized turing and research companies. major focus of the speaker was on the Mrs. Olga Bronskikh, the repre- in station Rustaveli. It presented histori- The Round Table Meeting in Tbili- introduction of modern technologies, sentative of the Moscow Metro, told cal photos and documents related to si was opened by Mr. Aleksandr in particular, the automatic metro and the participants of the Round Table the construction, the first days of work Dzhaparidze, Director General of JSC the 4-level automation system for the Meeting about the issue of preserva- and the significant events of the Tbilisi «Tbilisi Transport Company», and Mr. metro adopted by the RATP. Today, the tion of stations which are under state Metro. Vladimir Garyugin, Head of the St. Pe- 14th line of the Paris Metro is fully au- protection, and how this problem is tersburg Metro. They welcomed the tomatic. solved in Moscow. At present, 45 stations of the Moscow Mrs. Yekaterina Sol, the representa- D.A. Golovin Metro are monuments of history and tive of the French company TOLLENS Deputy Director General culture. All these stations have unique delivered the report “Application of of the International Association «Metro» architectural and artistic features that Paint Materials for Finishing and Main- Phone: +7 (495) 688-0289 need to be retained in their original tenance of Metro Stations”. The subject E-mail: [email protected] form. In this case it is especially impor- tant to ensure strict compliance with the standard operating procedures for maintenance and repair of the station facilities and interiors. Mr. V. Garyugin, Head of the St. Pe- tersburg Metro, emphasized the acute- ness of the problem under the current conditions of operation of metro sys- tems, when, for example, a station that is a monument of architecture needs to be adapted for providing services to people with limited mobility. The participants of the meeting unan- imously decided to raise this issue at the core meeting of the managers and specialists of the services of tunnel fa- cilities representing the metro systems that form the International Association «Metro».

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individual relays and contactors due to ment in any direction. Volume of air in- That’s why the Moscow Metro, dur- Innovative rolling stock for subways the defects of bridge-type contacts, put in the saloon depends on the car ing development of technical specifica- perating efficiency of metro Currently, the cars of different models The following equipment is used in springs of cam elements and electrical- movement speed and the temperature tions for new rolling stock in 2000s, paid lines largely depends on used and variants operate in the Moscow Met- the cars of model 81-717/714 and their mechanical relays; of air supplied into the saloon equals special attention to solving of problem Orolling stock. Increasing metro ro; 70% of total fleet are the old model variants: - electric signals communication is to the ambient temperature. The air in- of passenger carriage comfort im- carriage volumes and high-level re- cars designed and manufactured from - direct current traction drive with executed by using train wires, which takes in the car roof substantially raise provement and ability to fulfill targeted quirements to carriage safety make 1970 to 2000; they are the cars of model rheostatic power operated motor con- are available in large quantities that do the noise level in the saloon during train volumes and schedules of passenger designers improve the construction Еж3/Ем508Т and 81-717/714; the cars troller with direct current commutator not allow to reliably transmit electronic movement; carriage by using the latest engineering and reliability of rolling stock, which of model 81-717/714 and their variants, traction electric motors with power of and electric signals to the car and train - sliding door does not allow to pro- solutions. must be comfortable, fast, cost-ef- which represent 55% of the total number 114 kW, during car breaking all energy equipment and implement comprehen- vide substantial reduction of noise level The first project in this area included fective and modern. of old model cars, are still the most com- generated by the traction electric mo- sive equipment diagnosis system; in the car saloon and to eliminate occur- the cars of model 81 740/741 and 81- mon model of obsolete rolling stock. tors operating in generator mode is ab- - car bodies are made of common rences of foreign objects falling under 740.1/741.1 for Butovskaya and Filyovs- Currently, obsolete model cars do sorbed on the rolling stock itself in the steel that affect the car body resistance the door leaves or into the door aper- kaya lines of the Moscow Metro, which not already match the rate of growth of break resistors that results in their ex- to aggressive environments during op- ture fold and the lack of grip-prevention were put into operation in December passenger carriage and the up-to-date cessive heating and heat emission into eration on the Moscow Metro lines, system with light and audio indicator 2003, where the saloon heating and comfort levels, and extensive plans re- the undercar space; thus the body roof corrosion problem of door closing warning do not provide ventilation system SHVS was applied garding the construction of new sec- - relay contactor equipment of the was detected in the cars in operation; proper safety during passenger pick- for the first time ever in the metro. That tions and lines of the Moscow Metro traction drive and train relay control - natural ventilation of the car saloon up and drop-off at a station; system provided forced ventilation of and necessity of replacement of life- and automatic speed adjustment sys- executed through special air intakes in- - car suspension is made of stiff passenger saloons and their automatic expired cars fleet dictate their specific tem, the main causes of failure of which stalled on the car roof. Such ventilation springs completed with hydraulic heating in winter period depending on terms to the new rolling stock. are the defects of group devices and system works only during train move- shock absorbers. actual temperature in the car. For en-

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suring of normal operation of the pas- heating system of passenger saloons er by Faiveley () and Transkon senger saloon heating system, a range ACVHS manufactured by company (Russia) was installed. The conditioner of measures such as sealing and heat “Merak”. consists of two single blocks that al- insulating of passenger cars by using Further development of measures for lowed simplifying equipment installa- isothermal materials, multiple glazing improvement of comfort, reliability and tion (there are no additional control and and sliding plug door construction was engineering solutions of the metro roll- power wires, there is no a pipeline con- taken. ing stock was reflected in the project of necting the conditioner and the com- The same measures also showed cars of model 81-760/761, series deliv- pressor, which were located under the the positive result in solving of another eries of which were started in 2013. car before). The saloons of 81-760/761 problem – reduction of noise level in Main features of the cars of new mod- cars are equipped with air UV-radiation passenger saloons during train move- el 81-760/761: disinfection system. ment. Thus noise level was reduced 1. Asynchronous traction drive with As well with the purpose of improve- from 90 dB to 75 – 80 dB. the system of noise reduction from ment of working conditions of the loco- In addition, for improvement of pas- traction current effect and asynchro- motive crews: senger carriage conditions, air suspen- nous traction motors with insulated - cabin of the cars of model 81-760 is sion of the car body, new digital infor- bearings with power of 170 kW. 81- equipped with the climate control sys- mation complex DIC and route digital 760/761 cars were equipped with servo tem with ventilation, air conditioning table on the control cabin windscreen regenerative-rheostatic braking mode and heating; were applied in the fortieths-series for the purpose of ensuring of traction - cabin doors of the cars of model 81- cars. electric power saving. 760 are on both sides for convenience of Asynchronous traction drive with 2. New microprocessor control, traf- exit to station platforms and gangways; autonomous IGBT-modules voltage fic safety and technical diagnosis sys- 4. video surveillance system with op- source inverter that allows implement- tem for transmitting of commands, tion of information online transmitting ing regenerative-rheostatic braking, control and diagnosis was applied. Car to the underground situation center smoother train acceleration and brak- and train CAN-bus was applied in the was installed in the car saloons. ing were applied in that rolling stock. 81-760/761 cars that allowed improv- 5. New construction of sliding plug With the purpose of improvement of ing reliability of transmitting of elec- door with individual grip-prevention in the head cars at the ends of front - gearless wheel sets; - Increased seat width, additional ris- passenger carriage comfort and safe- tronic and electric signals of different system was applied in the car saloons masks. - inter-car sealed gangway (2 pcs.). ing seats in the spaces for disabled per- ty, the fortieth cars project was care- systems, implementing comprehensive with respect to each door of the pas- 7. New primary and central air sus- In connection with application of sons in wheelchairs; fully revised in 2009 and since August equipment diagnosis system and es- senger saloon. pension improving the passenger car- inter-car gangways and change of - Special seats for persons with re- the new variant – the cars of models 81- sential decreasing the number of con- 6. Evacuation stairway that allows the riage comfort was applied. construction of butt ends in the cars duced mobility (disabled persons in 740.4 and 81-741.4, began coming in to trol wires. passengers quick and safe leaving the 8. Special spaces for passengers of model 81-760.А/761.А/763.А, addi- wheelchairs); the Moscow Metro. 3. Air conditioning, ventilation and rolling stock and stepping on track in in wheelchairs are provided for in the tional technical measures aimed to re- - Strict requirements to noise insula- That car variant differed by availabil- heating system of passenger saloons case of emergency and impossibility head cars of model 81-760. inforcement of the body bearing struc- tion and interior lighting system. ity of air conditioning, ventilation and ACVHS based on saloon air condition- of movement continuing was mounted Variant 81-760.А/761.А/763.А of the tures were taken for preservation of car Direct current trains are designed for cars of model 81-760/761 became the body roughness. operation in tunnels and open spaces next stage of their development. In the construction of new rolling of operating electrified metro lines with The main distinguishing feature of stock of model 81-765/766/767, sup- track gage of 1,520 mm, nominal volt- new train variant is its equipping with plies of which will start in 2017, all best age of 750 V, supply from conductor inter-car gangways that allow providing practices used before and the latest rail, movement speed up to 90 km/h and passengers walk-through in the train modern engineering solutions in the passengers exit to raised platforms. and availability, in the train, of two inter- field of safety, provision of passengers The following equipment is also used mediate non-motored cars of model 81- comfort and improvement of work con- as a component of the electric train: 763.А, in which, compared with the cars ditions of the locomotive crews, as well - motored head cars with control cab- of model 81-761: as maintainability, will be used. in located on the train ends; А) the following equipment is not Organizations and science and re- - intermediate motored cars; used: search institutes, such as VNIIZhT, VNII- - intermediate non-motored cars. - 4 asynchronous traction electrical ZhG, OPZhT, which were specially ac- The following train control modes motors; credited in that field, were engaged in are provided for: manual mode (with - set of traction electric equipment; preparation of Technical Requirements to assistance of the locomotive crew); - motor-driven compressor; new rolling stock for the Moscow Metro. automatic mode (the driver closes the - auxiliary converter AC; Key differences: doors and starts the train from a sta- - battery; - Widened door apertures and re- tion), computer-aided mode (without - switchgear unit; duced floor height for improvement of presence of the locomotive crew) may - motor bogies; comfort and rate of passenger pick-up be applied. - geared wheel sets. and drop-off; B) the following equipment is used: - Passenger information system with О.Е. Zaytsev - non-motored bogies; option of video broadcasting; SUE “Moscow Metro”, Moscow

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50 deep-level pumps were installed Yerevan subway: 45 years in operation along the route from station “Yeri- erevan, one of the oldest cities establish a design organization for ulation No. 2221Р dated 06 of Octo- tasardakan” to station “Zoravar An- in the world with the history of this purpose and it was done ac- ber 1977 “On the Construction of the dranik” for dewatering. Y over 2,800 years, is spread out cording to Regulation of the Coun- metro in the city of Yerevan”. The Metro route lane from station in a flat hollow crossed by the deep cil of Ministers of the Armenian SSR Alongside with establishing of the “Zoravar ” to station “Gare- canyon of the Razdan River. The city No. 365 dated 16 of June 1971 and design organizations, the Director- gin Nzhde Square” is situated on a is situated in the beautiful Ararat Val- Order of the Ministry of Transport ate of the Metro under Construction depositional plain formed by the fans ley at the intersection of flourishing of the Armenian SSR No. 176 dated was assigned and Mr. I. Papiev, later of the and Dzhrvezh Rivers and trade routes between Europe and 28 of July 1971. Institute “Armgipro- the first director of the Yerevan Metro, on a terrace plain of the Razdan River. Asia. trans” headed by Mr. V. Dandurov and who made a great contribution into In the section under consideration, Due to explosive growth of the city Chief Engineer, Mr. S. Antonyan, was both the construction and operation the water-table aquifer circulating in and swell in its population, the trans- established on the basis of Yerevan of the Metro, was appointed as its Di- fragmental soils and basalt cavities portation problem has become ag- Branch of SDI “Soyuzdorproekt”. The rector. with general south westward water- gravated sharply by the year 1970. Institute implemented the high-speed The detailed design was made by table gradient and high coefficient of After careful economical and techni- underground tramway design and the Institute “Armgiprotrans” and the permeability was opened. cal calculation and justification in the Metro design later. architectural stations designs were Construction of the Yerevan metro specialized Union organizations and In 5 years of the construction, the made by Institute “Yerevanproekt”. was assigned to Administration “Arm- agencies, scientific and design in- population of the city of Yerevan has The following task was set during tonnelstroy” of the Ministry of Trans- stitutions, the reconstruction variant multiplied sevenfold and has reached selection of line route of the met- port Construction of the USSR. of the tramway system with passing 1 million inhabitants. Besides, the ro first Stage: connect the densely As well, the staff members of “Ar- the high-speed tram trains through complex terrain with height differ- populated residential areas with the mtransstroy”, “Arpa-Sevanstroy”, Structural solutions and the metro The tunneling was carried out the center of the city of Yerevan in the ence 550 meters made it difficult and railway station and the city industrial construction and installation orga- tunneling methods were designed through counter headways. First the tunnels for municipal transport in ac- sometimes impossible to develop zone. It was planned to build the first nizations of the Ministry of Industrial and implemented depending on geo- upper part, and then the lower part, cordance with the overall dimensions ground transportation. 10.5 km long line with 9 stations. Construction of the Republic, “Er- logical and hydrogeological condi- of the tunnel was mined. (Regulation of the Council of Min- The high-speed tramway under The metro builders faced with the himstroy”, “Glavmontazhspetsstroy”, tions represented by massive, basalt The tunnels at stations “Yeritasar- isters of the Armenian SSR No. 481 construction could not meet the pas- great difficulties in their path. The rout “Armsvyazstroy” and other organiza- and friable water-flooded rocks con- dakan” and “Square of Republic” dated 4 of August 1971) was selected. senger transportation requirements turned out to be rich in basalt in the tions were engaged in the Metro con- taining pebble, gravel, break-stone were holed by pick hammers across Detailed design of high-speed anymore. Taking into account the ne- form of single lava flows with the depth struction. and basalt float stones. the full cross-section. transport in Yerevan was drafted by cessity of long-term municipal trans- from 5.0 to 20.0 m, which separated the Kavkaz State Design and Survey portation development, the Council from each other by slag horizontals Institute “Kavgiprotrans”. The project of Ministers of the Armenian SSR ap- with the depth from 2 to 6 m. The rocks chief engineers are Mr. V. Dandurov, plied to the Council of Ministers of the are presented by lacustrine - alluvial Mr. K. Stepanyan and Mr. A. Kurisko. USSR for starting the construction of deposits, sand clay and silty sands The unique design of rail road Id- the metro in Yerevan on the basis of intermitting with clay, clay loam and zhevan-Razdan with the longest tun- the high-speed tramway under con- sand pockets and bands, above which nel (8 km) in the Soviet Union were struction. the pebble gravels transforming to the constructed in the territory of the Having considered the request of daylight surface of boulder and cobble Republic and for the first time in the the Council of Ministers of the Arme- deposits of the Getar River fan. Soviet Union the work on designing nian SSR and the feasibility study, the In the hydrological context, the of passenger and transport electro- Central Committee of the Communist metro route is heterogeneous. magnetic suspension system was Party of the USSR and the Council of Extra abundance of water is - conducted and it was necessary to Ministers of the USSR adopted Reg- served in 2.5 km long section from station “Yeritasardakan” to station “Zoravar Andranik”, where the aque- ous rocks are presented by alluvial- proluvial deposits of the Getar River. The general direction of groundwater movement is from the North to the South. Average hydraulic water-table gra- dient is 0.016 meters. Hydraulic pres- sure head above the groundwater penstock varies from 2 to 18 meters. Coefficient of enclosing rock permea- bility varies from 20 to 60 m3/day, that characterizes the complexity of dewa- tering system in that route section.

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With the purpose of training of per- signals and interlocking and commu- such as , granite, gabbro, ba- education institutions of Yerevan are sonnel, its recruiting, work manage- nication devices. But the most com- salt, travertine and tuff were used for located. This is the three-leaved py- ment and commissioning of the Metro plicated problem of the Yerevan Metro their finishing. Together with distinc- lon station. The back walls are deco- facilities, the Order signed by the was dewatering and water trapping. tive architectural forms, the decora- rated with bar relief. The architect is Minister of Railway Transport of the The section of station “Zoravar Andra- tive panel pictures and bas reliefs Mr. S. Kyurkchyan. USSR regarding establishing of the nik”, where in case of emergency 20 representing the pages of the Arme- Station “Square of Republic” is con- Yerevan Metro Administration was is- dewatering wells and 7 water trapping nian national epic were used for the structed in the same name square, sued (February 1980, staffing sched- pumps operated, was the most dan- station decorating that makes the un- where the building of the RA Govern- ule – 23 persons). gerous in that regard. With the pur- derground palaces magnificent and ment, hotels and other administra- 2-3 persons engaged in organiz- pose of lowering of water table level, beautiful. The authors of the designs tion buildings are located. The square ing of the service and supervising of the 1.5 km long drainage gallery from of architectural appearance of the is the place of all-people’s open-air erection work of the metro facilities station “Zoravar Andranik” to the gap underground stations are the best Ar- celebrations and festive events. This were taken on to each service. of the Razdan River (Stage 1 was de- menian architects. is the three-leaved station. The back For qualitative organization of the ployed in 1998) was constructed and it Station “Barekamutyun” (“Druzh- wall is covered by mirror glasses, metro operation, the interim staffing allowed disabling 15 dewatering wells ba”) is situated in Square “Druzhba”, which create an illusion of the mag- schedule in quantity of 200 persons and 7 water trapping pumps. In prac- where the streets connecting the nificent station hall stretching off into was approved in July 1980. Training of tice, the possibility of tunnels flood- Northern and the Southern part of the the distance. The architects are Mr. J. many staff members was organized ing of the block of stations “Zoravar city intersect. This is the three-leaved Torosyan and Mr. М. Minasyan. on the basis of the Tbilisi metro: for Andranik” - “Square of Republic” was column station. The back wall is deco- Station “Zoravar Andranik” is situ- engine drivers and assistant engine eliminated. But the aim was not at- rated with bar relief “Peoples’ Friend- ated at the junction of three districts, Drilling and blasting work by using working conditions at the faces, the drivers, operators, as well tained completely. To lower the water ship”. The Station architect was Mr. F. where the big traffic flows intersect hammer drills drilling the blast holes, effective methods of forced dewater- as in vocational and technical school table level maximally, it was neces- Darbinyan. and large retail facilities, such as in which the charges with blasting ing of the system of deep wells run- ТУ-19 of the city of Yerevan – for em- sary to elongate the existing gallery Station “Marshal Bagramyan” is shopping mall “Tashir”, market, etc., agents were put, was widely used on ning up to 50 m were applied. ployees of train, signals and interlock- for about 1 km in the direction of sta- situated in the Lovers Park oppo- are concentrated. Currently, the large the main line tunnels. In the course of 3.6 km long section from station ing and communications services. tion “Yeritasardakan” to ODP of station site to the residency building of the shopping mall “Russia Mall” is under mining and rock removal, the jacket- “Zoravar Andranik” to station “Gort- The first 7.6 km long section of the “Square of Republic”. Currently, the RA President next to the buildings construction. This is the three-leaved ing (lining) of the mined tunnel sec- saranain” was overpassed by the line Stage 1 from station “Barekamu- construction of the abovementioned of the RA National Assembly and the column station. The architects are tion was carried out by using cast-iron ground route. tyun” to station “Sasuntsi David” was drainage gallery was started. RA Academy of Science. This is the Mr. S. Burhadzhyan and Mr. R. Dzhul- tubing and precast concrete units. Rails with mass of 50 kg/lin.m. on commissioned on 7 March 1981. After the launch of the metro the three-leaved column station. At the gakyan. During construction of the Yerevan timber sleepers were buried into the In 1989, the construction of Stage 1 operator faced the problem of the end of the station, the bust of Marshal Station “Sasuntsi David” is a ground metro, 44 thousand tons of cast-iron track concrete in the tunnels and laid was completed: the following stations metro cars repair and maintenance, I.H. Bagramyan, great military com- station situated next to the railway and 19 thousand cubic meters of pre- on break-stone on the ground sec- appeared in addition to the existing as the car shed was commissioned in mander of the Great Patriotic War, is station and equipped with the un- cast reinforced concrete jacketing tions. five stations: “Gortsaranain”, “Shen- 5 years, only in 1986. The trains were installed. The architects are Mr. S. derground passage to it. Theme of was mounted. There is the following expression: gavit”, “Garegin Nzhde Square”, and repaired at the adopted auxiliary sta- Kitehtsyan, Mr. А. Zurabyan and Mr. the ancient Armenian epic “Sasuntsi With the purpose of hardening and “You will never build the metro, if you “Zoravar Andranik”. tion, where there were 2 tracks: one А. Azatyan. David” was used in the architectural stabilizing of the tunnel crowns and are alone”. Later, one more station “Charbah” of them was equipped with inspec- Station “Yeritasardakan” (Molode- decoration of the entrance hall. The walls, the cement slurry was pumped Just the entire country participat- was constructed on the extension of tion pit and the inspections were car- zhnaya) is situated in the ring bou- architects are Mr. B. Arzumanyan, Mr. behind their jacketing and the water ed in the construction of the under- the depot branch line in 1996. ried out on the stub tracks of station levard, where the most of higher S. Nersisyan and Mr. А. Israelyan. proof shield was provided. The con- ground trunk line in Yerevan. By that 1993-1994 was the most difficult “Barekamutyun”. Night storage of struction was complicated by the fact time, , the country of moun- period for the metro, when the Re- trains was executed on the station that during blasting work, it was nec- tains, had already possessed its own public was in power crisis and the tracks and on the stub tracks. essary to take special precautions big enough highly-experienced team population received the power with- Unavailability of machinery equip- and safety measures due to close of tunnel builders. But the first skilled in 2 hours per day. In practice, the ment and repair stations made many proximity of shabby residential hous- instructors on the construction and ground municipal passenger trans- difficulties for normal operation of the es of the and complex net- installation of special equipment of port was out of service and the load metro. work of underground utilities to the the Metro were highly-skilled tun- on the Metro increased threefold. The Despite all difficulties and prob- Metro route. nellers, installers, rail track workers metro transported 200-250 thousand lems, the metro has already oper- Geological and hydrological condi- and finishers from Moscow, Lenin- passengers per day. There was lack ated for 35 years without crashes tions, physical and mechanical prop- grad, Minsk, Tashkent, Tbilisi and of the cars. and faults, demonstrating therewith a erties of mined massive rocks had a Kharkov. Unreliable electric power supply, low good practice of passenger service. great impact on the rate of progress The metro construction workers current frequency 45 Hz and low volt- Currently, the Yerevan metro in- of the construction work. As was al- gratefully remember the names of age resulted in frequent failures in op- cludes 10 stations and its track length ready mentioned above, more than famous tunnellers, heroes of Social- eration of the Yerevan metro and sig- is 12.1 km. About 50 thousand pas- half of the metro line passed through ist Labor, Mr. А. Suhanov, Mr. А. Ti- nals and interlocking failures. To find sengers are transported daily. the water-saturated sections. Cumu- hanovich and their coworkers, who a way out of that situation, the metro Each station of the Yerevan metro lative water influx was about 6 thou- signed their labor autographs in the in cooperation with NPO “Tranzistor” has its own individual architectural sand cubic meters per hour. For its construction of the first tunnels of un- developed and implemented voltage look. The stations have a long scale containment and creation of normal derground trunk line. and frequency supply regulators for of colors. The valuable natural stones

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Station “Gortsaranain” (Zavods- Inventory stock of railway equip- Technical system of fare payment and kaya) is a ground station situated in ment includes 45 cars of type 81-717 station passenger passage control by the Southern industrial district of the and 81-714 manufactured by Mytish- smart cards will be implemented in the capital. The station ceiling is made chi and Yegorovsk car works. nearest future. of caisson elements supported only The power is supplied to the Metro In 1991, the Yerevan metro passed by the columns placed along the sta- via decentralized system from the from the system of the Ministry of Rail- tion tracks. Such decision was taken external sources 6 kV, which is con- ways of the USSR to The Ministry of for the first time during construction verted on the traction substation into Transport of Armenia. Currently, the Ye- of the Yerevan metro. The architect is direct current with voltage 825 V used revan metro is subordinated to the city Mr. G. Gukasyan. for hauling operations. The rolling Mayor’s Office. Station “Shengavit” is a single-vault equipment is powered via the third Since 2010, program “Reconstruc- subsurface station situated in a resi- conductor rail. tion of the Yerevan metro” is implement- dential district. The shed branch line, The line is equipped with automatic ed successfully. Current management on the extension of which Station interlocking with signals and Auto- of the Yerevan metro with direct assis- “Charbah” is situated, is taken off from matic Train Signaling with Automatic tance of the Republic Government and it. The architect is Mr. R. Dzhulgakyan. Speed Regulation devices. The traffic the City Mayor’s Office carried out work Station “Charbah” is a single-track is controlled from the central control on the improvement of several systems ground station designed as single- room located next to station “Bareka- by well organized joint actions. story station. The architect is Mr. V. mutyun”. In tunnels, 6 kV cables and jumper Mnatsakanyan. Minimum traffic interval during cables were replaced with new XLPE- Station “Garegin Nzhde Square” is peak hours is 5-6 minutes. Working insulated cables; in the shed, the cars situated in the center of the Southern hours of the metro are from 7.00 am were rebuilt, old car truck frames were industrial district of the city of Yere- to 11.00 pm. replaced with new ones, advance van. This is a three-leaved pylon sta- Flat-rate metro fare is 100 drams equipment of automatic washing ma- tion with the station entrance located (about 15 rubles). chine ВММ-1 was purchased and put in the specially built space under the At the opening moment, the sta- to operation, the simulator center square, where there are variety ven- tions are accessed through automatic equipped with advance equipment for ue, fountains and numerous retail fa- checkpoints. The fare was paid by 5 training of electric train drivers was cilities, as well as the Metro Theatre. kopeck coins. After 1991, the stations opened; fire prevention stocks were The architect is Mr. L. Gevorgyan. were accessed through automatic fully upgraded, etc. The station tunnels are equipped checkpoints by using metal and then Currently, construction of the drain- with the forced ventilation through plastic tokens. age gallery is in progress (First Stage tunnel shafts on the station-to-sta- Since May 2009, the payment is ex- of it was deployed in 1998) with the 1998-2001 connect Achapnyak district with the advanced design solutions, which tion blocks and air ducts located un- ecuted by using plastic cards and to- purpose of complete lowering of water Tigran Zograbovich Mushegyan center and other city districts. gave a good account of themselves der escalators. kens. table level to the design point. 2003-2007 Currently, negotiations with the during construction of the Yerevan All mentioned above says nothing Vaagn Vladimirovich Akopyan Government regarding construction Metro Stage 1: high-efficiency seis- about that fact that all tasks set be- 2001–2003; 2007- till now of abovementioned stations are in mic communications in the lining fore us are fully completed. The Yere- Paylak Garnikovich Yayloyan. progress. of underground structures, boring van metro is also hopeful for solving In February 2004, the Board of Di- In the long run, the underground bonding with anchors instead of ordi- of major problems in the near future. rectors headed by the following per- line will be extended in the Northern nary metallic stay bolts, new type of The metro staff members are ready sons was established in the metro: direction as well. Construction of four high-performance columns at station to bring the tasks set before them into 2004-2007 stations is planned here. This line will “Garegin Nzhde Square” and a range life selflessly, enthusiastically and with Areg Apavenovich Barsegyan connect Arabkirskiy district and Da- of other exciting developments. assistance of the Government and the 2007-2014 vidashen with the Southern industrial Yerevan metro will go on growth to- Mayor’s Office for the good of solving Valeriy Norayrovich Arutyunyan district through the city center. gether with city. In years to come, the of transport problems of Yerevan’s pop- 2014 – until now New underground line West-East trains will appear in new districts of ulation. David Movsesovich Grigoryan. will connect the South-West residen- the capital of Armenia, but the day of In 35 years of operation, the metro tial area with Norkskiy one. Thanks to start-up of the first underground line – directors were the following persons Prospect for further development this line, the residents of the Western 7 of March 1981 – will sink into imagi- in different periods: of the Yerevan metro and Norkskiy districts will have conve- nation of Yerevan’s population forever April 1980 – November 1980 Institute “Armgiprotrans” prepared nient and quick link to the city center. as a national day, which presented Marlen Grigoryevich Arutyunov the feasibility study and the design of The rout of underground high-speed Speed, Comfort and Beauty to them. 1980-1983 extension of Stage 1 of the Metro in the transport will lay from North-East to Ivan Georgievich Papiev direction of Achapnyak district, where South, from Kievyan Street through Mr. Paylak Yayloyan 1983-1991 it is planned to construct 2 deep-level the Nor Aresh city center, Erebuni to Director General of CJSC Rafael Stepanovich Kaltahchyan stations at intersection of Alabyan and the South industrial district. “ Yerevan metro” 1991-1998 Abelyan streets (first station), in G. In the new line designs, the employ- Tel.: +374 604-601-01 Grant Grigoryevich Beglaryan Chaush Square (second station). It will ees of “Armgiprotrans” applied new E-mail: [email protected]

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he drives a real train. The entire inte- New simulators designed by Logos rior of the simulator looks exactly the f you drive a car, you probably re- same as the driver’s cab: the control member how nervous you were the The production company Logos is one of the leading domestic companies in the panel with all the controls, the auxil- I first time you sat behind the wheel computerized simulators market. Its experience is over 25 years. During this pe- iary board, pneumatic valves, circuit without an instructor; your palms riod the company has developed simulators for almost the entire range of armored breakers and other equipment. Just were sweating when you first fit into a vehicles manufactured in Russia at the moment. In recent years, there has been like in a real train, the surveillance dense stream of cars on the highway. active development of simulators for civil equipment and automation systems. monitor enables the driver to see the Now imagine what a newly-qualified passengers. The audio system repro- metro train driver experiences when No margin for error gency brake. He didn’t manage to duces the sound of the wheels, the he drives a train of eight metro cars In 2006, not far from station avoid hitting it: the head car ran into sound of operation of the pneumatic in a ! There are professions «Voikovskaya» there was a terrible the pile and was badly damaged, and system and electric motors, the noise that can be mastered only in practice. accident: the tunnel was pierced by then pieces of the concrete lining of of opening and closing doors and all Metro train driver is one of these spe- a concrete pile – right before an ap- the tunnel and two more piles fell on other sounds and noises that can be cialities. Today the training process proaching train. The metro train driv- the front cars. The driver had enough heard by the driver. The dynamic plat- can be made easier, safer and more er Mr. Andrey Ulyanov noticed the time for leaving his cabin and running form simulates the longitudinal and efficient than just a few years ago. danger and shortly applied the emer- to the back of the car, to warn the lateral accelerations of the car – you passengers and organize emergency can feel the car run on rail joints and evacuation. Later he was awarded switches, experience acceleration with an order: The commission con- and braking. cluded that only thanks to the proper The student at the control panel of architectural plans, photographs, dia- tion, as well as in heavy rain, fog, snow. and quick actions of Mr. Andrey Uly- the simulator can communicate with grams, detailed maps which reflect all Each station was recreated in detail: anov casualties were avoided. a virtual train dispatcher whose role the features of the landscape: ascents, they all have their structure (a different In tunnel anything can happen, and is performed by the instructor and drops, slopes, turns. Traffic lights, location of the station mirrors, clocks the driver has no right for error. But signs and plates in the virtual space and other automatic systems of the sta- how can we teach drivers to practice The advantages of using are arranged exactly the same as in the tion), and the driver is able to get used train driving skills? I’m talking about 3D visualization real routes. The future driver can study to the movement of the flow of people, a real train in the real world, with real 3D visualization allows you to most the line in which he is going to work, when they board the train and get off. people who are sometimes in such a accurately simulate the movement practice the skills until they become In the simulation of passenger traffic hurry that they forget about their own of a train on random routes at vari- automatic. innovative technologies were used to safety. ous speeds, including those close to The simulator uses three-dimension achieve the realistic behavior of pas- The teachers at the Production- zero, as well as the realistic move- computerized imaging. All stations, sengers at stations and at the entrance/ and-Training Centre (PTC) of Moscow ment of other trains and passen- track and the engine house of the route exit of the cars. Metro said that before the appear- gers, the change in the status of are reproduced in the virtual three-di- The program provides for all typical ance of simulators they used simple mensional space. This enables to work faults and emergencies that may occur the track side facilities irrespective posters with drawn electric circuit di- on the driving skills both in daylight and in the way: smoke or fire, flooding of the of the speed of the train. Three-di- agrams and devices. They explained in the dark, like in a tunnel, and in open track, falling of a man on the rails, tun- mensional visualization enables the the theoretical material and ways out areas, with a sharp change in illumina- nel collapse, etc. simulation of all possible changes of emergency situations literally in in the dynamic lighting at random hand-waving terms. The students had locations, including switching the practically no opportunity to familiar- ize themselves with the control de- brightness of headlights, lighting in vices of a train, except for the lessons cars and tunnels, changing of set- that were held directly in the electric tings according to the instructor’s engine house. This caused some dif- command (different time of day and ficulties in learning of the material and weather conditions in open areas). an increase in the duration of training. to carry out his instructions. The in- Simulators for train drivers structor’s place enables him to ob- Currently, Logos has delivered serve the actions of the driver. The in- more than a dozen simulators for structor can monitor the status of all drivers of different types of cars in the controls in the cab. On one of his Moscow Metro and Yerevan Metro. monitors the instructor sees the same When using a simulator by Logos a thing as the driver. student experiences the illusion of And the most important thing: when being in the driver’s cab. In front of making the virtual route the specialists him and in the mirrors he can see the used videos shot while moving along same things that a driver sees when the lines of Moscow Metro, as well as

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The student tries to find the faults and settle the problem, to determine what is inoperative. This learning process is very evident. All the mistakes can be immediately seen. The instructor is not in the cabin but near, on the outside. The simulator enables the student to experience independence and respon- sibility in the learning process. Using the video camera mounted inside the cab and a projector which transmits the video signal to the screen in the classroom, the other students can watch their colleague passing routes and working out difficult situations. That is the way group learning is carried out in With all these features, training on man falls on the rails, or in case of fire a class of about 20 people. Such system the Logos simulator becomes interest- and flooding in the tunnel? enables them to see and discuss the so- ing and even exciting. According to the Previously, the procedure for emer- lutions of the future driver who is in the teachers of the PTC, the use of the sim- gency situations was discussed verbal- simulator. The teacher in the classroom ulators greatly improved the efficiency ly in the classroom. may indicate errors and comment on the of training. At the practical classes in The use of simulators greatly im- correctness of the student’s actions. the engine house the students handle proves the results of training of drivers. At the PTC the simulators are so many emergency cases faster than After all, theoretical knowledge with popular among the students that the professional train drivers. «good» or «excellent» marks does not scheduled lessons are not enough. provide the correct action in various sit- Queues to the simulators begin to form A new approach to training uations in real life. Another good exam- at about 7-8 o’clock in the morning, de- on simulators ple from the experience of the teachers spite the fact that the classes start from An important task for the metro is at the PTC of Moscow Metro is a situa- 9 o’clock. And after the classes the fu- fast training of new employees and tion where a student perfectly fulfills all ture drivers do not leave the classes upgrading of skills of train drivers. the actions on the simulator, but when equipped with simulators. Operation of simulators is many times solving the same problem in theory The simulators are installed in the Pro- enable to share the accumulated abun- The simulator is installed on a dynamic more economical than the use of real (talking, not acting) he makes mistakes. For big and small duction-and-Training Centre for training dant experience of Moscow Metro with 2-stage platform at the engine house. trains in the engine house. Further- Today simulator training takes place Currently, Logos is the only organi- of new employees, as well as in almost other metros and to prepare the drivers The development was performed under more, when the «emergency games» in a different way. The student is in the zation whose simulators are success- every metro engine house where the to handle a greater number of situa- a contract in 7 months. start on a real train, high voltage is simulator which is installed in the class- fully operated in Moscow Metro. A huge drivers regularly have training in the form tions. In Yerevan, a new program of training supplied, this reduces safety. In the room. The instructor sets the faults and contribution to the current appearance of «emergency games» for maintaining The latest development of Logos is drivers already includes training on the simulator you can perform many ac- enters the emergency situations with- and functional characteristics of the their skills. Parameters of Moscow Met- a simulator for Yerevan Metro. Yerevan simulator. Simulators are treated as an tions that cannot be performed on a out prompting the student, so that he simulators was made by the experi- ro: 12 lines, 197 stations and 329 km of Metro consists of only 1 line, 10 sta- option for significant reduction in the real train. For example, how can we can get his bearings himself. For exam- enced teachers of the PTC and the ex- tracks. According to the website of Mos- tions, 1 engine house. The metro has duration of the current long-term train- train the driver to act properly when a ple, the train suddenly begins to stop. perts of Moscow Metro. cow Metro, the fleet includes 5,500 cars. open areas with views of Yerevan. All this ing program and for improvement of the There are plans to build 160 km of metro has also been modeled in 3D. Yerevan efficiency of selection of future drivers. lines and 78 stations in Moscow by 2020. operates a special car – the modern- You can familiarize yourself with the Such intense operation may naturally ization of the old car initially produced simulator for metro train drivers by ad- lead to a large number of different emer- by the Mytishchi plant. The moderniza- dressing Logos. We invite our readers gency situations during train operation. tion was performed in Tbilisi (8171М). to try it! Thanks to the cooperation with Mos- cow Metro, Logos simulators ensure Situations that are reproduced in the Logos simulator: the opportunity to work on more than a - real movement of the train with a random number of cars; hundred different emergency situations - presence of other trains on the line; based on real experience in operation of - «live» passenger traffic entering and exiting; metro trains. - operation of track side facilities on the line and the ability to operate them from At the same time, in most small met- the instructor’s working place (traffic lights, power supply, switches, automatic ros similar situations occur much less train stops, etc.); frequently, and the drivers are trained - abnormal and emergency situations in any location on the line; to deal with only 30-40 cases that are - organization of movement between different metro lines; most widespread. The implementation - arrival at the engine house; of these situations in the simulators will - failures of the rolling stock.

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highlighted by Mr. O. Nazarov, Deputy Annual Council and round table held Director General of JSC Railway Re- search Institute. Mr. S. Miroshkin, Chief by Association in Yerevan Specialist of the Center for Develop- ment and Management of Projects at the State Unitary Enterprise «Research and Project Institute of General Plan- ning for the City of Moscow», spoke about the peculiarities of development of a metro system within the framework of urban planning of development of big cities. After the session of the Council of the International Association and the Round Table Meeting the participants congratulated the staff of Yerevan Metro represented by its Director Mr. P. Yayloyan on the 35th anniversary of the company. P.G. Yayloyan was also presented with a letter of congratula- tions from Mr. Alain Flausch, Secretary General of the International Union of After the ceremonial events the del- come and the excellent management Public Transport. egates and the guests saw stations of of the events. Then the representatives of the Inter- Yerevan Metro and the historic sites of national Association «Metro» and the Yerevan. D.A. Golovin participants of the event were invited to The International Association «Met- Deputy Director General a ceremonial reception at the City Hall ro» expresses its gratitude to the staff of the International Association «Metro» of Yerevan to celebrate the 35th anniver- of Yerevan Metro and to its Director Phone: +7 (495) 688-0289 sary of Yerevan Metro. Mr. Paylak Yayloyan for the warm wel- E-mail: [email protected]

he session of the Council of the Activity. Specifically, it was noted in the operation by participating in the activi- International Association «Metro» report that in 2015-2016 the Association ties of the International Union of Public Tand the International Round Ta- held meetings, conferences and semi- Transport. ble Meeting on the current problems of nars in such areas as transportation The Council noted that all the items metro systems were held in Yerevan on security, rail traffic safety, rolling stock, listed in the Activity Plan were carried April 14, 2016. signaling, IT, operation of escalators, out in a timely manner. The events took place during the cel- construction of escalators, track and During the session of the Council held ebration of a significant date for Yere- track facilities, tunnel facilities. In 2016 on April 14, two new members were ad- van Metro – the 35th anniversary of put- a new business stream was organized. mitted into the International Association ting the first order into operation. It united PR-specialists and passenger «Metro»: Es-Service JSC – the com- When opening the meeting of the services. The TRANSCOMMFORUM pany that has contributed a lot to the Council, Mr. Vladimir Garyugin, Head International Conference was the first Russian industry of escalator construc- of St. Petersburg Metro, warmly con- event in this area. It was held in Moscow tion, and the Russian Broadcasting and gratulated the staff of Yerevan Metro on in March 2016 and was organized on Alarm Reporting Networks – Federal behalf of the International Association the initiative and with the active assis- State Unitary Enterprise. «Metro» on the 35th anniversary. tance of Moscow Metro. Thus, the number of members of the Mr. Igor Ermolenko, Director General The Technical Council of Chief Engi- International Association «Metro» has of the International Association «Metro» neers is organized annually by the As- increased up to 33. delivered a report on the activities of the sociation. It has proved to be an im- The round table meeting on the cur- Association in 2015-2016. He informed portant forum which attracts a large rent problems of metro operation in- the audience on the events organized number of specialists. cluded reports on various subjects. during this period in accordance with In addition, the Association is actively Thus, the important issues of techni- the Activity Plan and the Main Areas of working in the field of international co- cal regulation in metro systems were

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the passages (500 mm) in the service ES-Service supplies escalators area specified by the Federal Rules and Regulations. Compared to the old for Moscow Metro escalators, the machine rooms can be ver the last few months sev- instead of three old ones, thus increas- tor services, the escalators ensure ac- significantly reduced in size. During eral new metro stations were ing the working capacity of the escala- cess to the mechanisms and assembly the replacement of escalators at sta- Oopened in Moscow, and the im- tors. This means that the total number units from the servicing zone side. The tion Baumanskaya the four new drives provement of the stations Baumanska- of escalators required for the improve- ES02, ES03 and TK65-series escala- fit easily in the place of the three re- ya and Prospekt Mira was performed. ment of the old stations is about 100 tors have a drive that is located in the moved ones, moreover, their instal- JSC «Es-service» from St. Petersburg units by 2020. machine room, with a total lifting range lation made it necessary to build up is the supplier of escalators for most There is another area to which the from 3 to 65 m. the old foundations by more than two of new facilities and those being refur- activities of «Es-service» are directly In imported machines all the mecha- meters. bished. related. It is repair and upgrade of es- nisms and components are located in- Today this list is complemented by the In 2015 Moscow Metro celebrated calators – the service that is increas- side the metal structure. They are ac- escalator ES01 with a lifting height of its 80th anniversary. Over the years it ingly in demand in the metro. Every cessible from the passenger area after up to 66 m. Unlike the similar machines has become one of the world’s largest year about 50 overhauls of escalators stopping the passenger flow and ensur- (models ES02 and ES03), the escalator transportation hubs. Over 8 million pas- are performed in Moscow Metro. Pas- ing the appropriate openings in the ex- has a completely new compact drive on sengers use it on a daily basis. sengers are familiar with the overhaul- terior structural components. Naturally, the basis of the planetary gear unit and «Es-service» makes its contribution related announcements on the limita- these machines are lighter and more a new step with the framework which to the steady and safe transportation of tions of passenger throughput at the compact. And it is these machines that can be either a traditional stamp-weld- passengers. Today it is the only domes- stations. the designers of metro stations began ed one, or a cast aluminum one, or an tic supplier of escalators for the metro. The best indicator of our coopera- to consider in their projects, despite assemblable type made of stainless Our capital is growing rapidly. The tion with Moscow Metro is the table of their non-compliance with the Federal steel. Next year it will be possible to see ambitious plans of the Moscow Govern- delivery of escalators by «Es-service» Rules and Regulations. a pilot model of the escalator. Its drive ment include construction of 74 new for the metro. What can be said about Our experts took this circumstance in has already been manufactured and is metro stations by 2020 in addition to the these machines and their advantages? mind and developed the multipurpose being mounted on a test rig installed 200 existing ones. All the new stations «Es-service» escalators belong to the heavy duty escalator ES04 for a range next to a preproduction prototype of need escalators. next, the sixth generation of domes- of lifting heights from 3 to 12 m. It can another new escalator that is sub- New escalators are also needed tic escalators for the metro. They were be installed both in standard escalator jected to trial runs. The new escalator for replacement of the old ones that designed taking into account the long- tunnels, with the possibility of perform- ES03M has a lifting height of up to 18 reached the end of its service life. Type term experience in operation of esca- ing maintenance from the machinery m. Its drive consists of series-produced N escalators that were produced from lators of the types N, EM, LT, ET, E and spaces and passages in the inclined high-technology parts that are easy to 1935 till the end of the 1940s have al- in accordance with domestic escalator part, and on the end supports with replace, unlike the ones of the escala- ready been replaced. The last of them manufacturing traditions. maintenance performed from the pas- tor ES03. were removed a year ago at station According to the requirements of senger area through removable floor Moving walkways (travelators) is an- Baumanskaya. 74 escalators of type the RF Federal Rules and Regulations slabs, openings in the track of the es- other area in which the experts of «Es- EM made in the 1950s are going to be in the field of industrial safety «Safety calator and in the balustrade. Four ma- service» work by the request of the es- replaced. The dimensions of modern Rules for Escalators in Metros» and chines of the kind have been put into calator services of the metro systems The experts of «Es-service» found neering, were involved in the produc- escalators by «Es-service» make it with account taken of the requests operation at the newly opened station of Moscow and St. Petersburg. Previ- the opportunities for adjusting the de- tion of escalators. «» possible to install four new machines made by the specialists of the escala- , six more have been mount- ously such machines were not used sign of the escalator. Modern technolo- is capable of producing more than 150 ed and will soon start the daily work in the Russian metro and the need for gies make it possible to apply a durable tunnel escalators annually with a lifting on the transportation of passengers at them met through imports. flame-resistant colored coating to the height of up to 65 m. This cooperation station . The stations of Moscow Metro have stainless steel of the balustrade and has many advantages, but there are also Yet, compactness is one of the always been characterized by beauty thus preserve the historical appear- some disadvantages. Small-lot produc- main requirements for escalators in and interesting architectural solutions. ance of old stations during the upgrade tion of escalators is not very profitable such heavily loaded places as Mos- All the new escalators are beautiful of escalators, or to install beautiful LED for large plants, so whenever possible cow Metro. Four modern escalators modern facilities but because of the tape-type lighting at the level of the de- they try to simplify the production, to do ES03 and ES02 with lifting heights of need to comply with the safety require- flectors. Of course, this requires addi- without the special equipment. At the up to 48 m can be installed in a tun- ments, including the fire safety require- tional costs, but the escalators assume moment, the work is being done on the nel where previously it was possible to ments, they all look virtually the same a unique and recognizable appearance. concentration of production in order to mount only three old machines. This – the same geometric dimensions, «Es-service» works with all the metro ensure a higher level of automation and reduces the distance between the handrails, deflectors (the brushes systems of Russia, the CIS countries equipment capability. adjacent escalators, it can be easily above the side clearances), steps with and the former socialist countries. But seen in the passenger area by the nar- aluminum planks and danger zones the main customer of the enterprise is Igor Ivanovich Semenkov row panels of the middle balustrade, marked with yellow, stainless steel bal- still Moscow Metro. It is by the request of Design Manager but the width of the escalator track re- ustrade. Often the manufacturer can be Moscow Metro that the plants of «Trans- JSC «Es-service» mains the same (1,000 mm), so do the recognized only by the logo at the land- mashholding» JSC, the largest company e-mail: [email protected] convenient locations of handrails and ing platform. in the Russian sector of transport engi- www.es-servis.com

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tive sensors located on the track. When Transport), and Moscow Metro were to improve the reliability and the «live- Train automatic control system a train passed the sensors, the station the developers of the complex systems ness» of the system due to reasonable facilities received pulses and the sum for the Moscow, Kharkov and Tashkent redundancy, to remove the wire loops for Russian subways of these pulses determined the coordi- metro systems, while for the Lenin- and inductive sensors from the track. utomatic control systems for mands are implemented by the auto- A brief history of train automatic nates of the train. The switch-off time of grad Metro – «Giprotranssignalsvyaz» The MIIT and the Research and Manu- metro train include the following matic train operation devices on the control systems development the traction motors was calculated by (GTSS) and the Leningrad Metro. A lot facturing Association “Almaz” devel- Asubsystems: dispatcher control, trains. Autonomous automatic control in Russia the station device, and the switch-off of work on the improvement of the com- oped the onboard device ASU DPM. automatic train operation and move- systems perform control of only one The first autonomous automatic train command sent to the traction motors plex automatic train operation systems In 1990 operational tests of onboard ment safety systems. The automatic train in accordance with the prede- operation system was developed by for the purpose of meeting the prede- was performed by the Kharkov Metro. devices were held on trains with pas- train operation system is intended for termined schedule. Compensation of the NII UVM (the Research and De- termined travel time along the station- The complex automatic control sys- sengers in the Kharkov Metro. The tests proper performance of a predeter- disturbances is implemented by the velopment Establishment for Process to-station block was transmitted to the tem for metro train movement (KSAUP were held in the autonomous automatic mined volume of traffic under the con- automatic control system of every Control Computers) of the city of Pen- train also via the inductive sensors lo- DP) was implemented at the Zhdan- train operation mode. The error in the trol of the movement safety system. train regardless of the location of other za and was tested in Moscow Metro in cated in the traction switch-off zone. ovsko- and Kali- performance of the specified travel Proper performance of a predeter- trains on the line and is determined by 1961. The onboard devices were imple- The braking program for the train was ninskaya lines of Moscow Metro. At the times along the station-to-station block mined volume of traffic is transformed the control algorithms, availability of mented on the basis of a control com- implemented on the basis of inductive Kirovsko-Vyborgskaya line of the Len- within the entire range of their measure- into demands of strict compliance with the regulation resource and the limita- puter built with the use of ferrite-tran- sensors located on the track. Central- ingrad Metro the KSAUP system (com- ment did not exceed ± 2.5 s, the error of the predetermined schedule of trains tions imposed by the traffic safety sys- sistor modules. Immediately after that ized control was implemented by com- plex automatic train control system) stopping of the train at a station did not with compensating disturbances of the tem. Centralized systems have great the work was started on the creation of paring the planned and accomplished was implemented. Its modernized ver- exceed 30 cm. In this case the rate of automatic rearrangement of the traffic capabilities, as the availability of infor- centralized systems. In the late 1960s intervals of train movement (the inter- sion is the KSAUPM system which has a target braking amounted to about 0.75 schedule and demands of compliance mation on the location of all the trains the following systems were developed val-based control algorithm). distinguishing feature consisting in the – 0.8 m/s . with it in case of uncompensated dis- in the line enables to compensate and implemented: the software- and In 1979-1980 complex automatic hardware implementation based on IC The collapse of the Soviet Union left turbances. various disturbances in a more flex- simulation-based automatic train op- control systems for train movement chips. no opportunity to continue this work. The movement safety subsystems ible and efficient way. In metros with eration system of the Leningrad Metro were developed and implemented at The development of microproces- However, its results were used in a joint function either together with the auto- heavy traffic, with low resources for (PMSAU DPM) in the Nevsko-Vasileo- the Moscow, Leningrad, Kharkov and sor technology, improvement of the project of the MIIT and the Research matic train operation systems, or inde- making up for delay and a high degree strovskaya and Petrogradskaya lines systems. The distinc- reliability and efficiency of computing and Development Establishment for pendently in case of “manual” train op- of utilization of the traffic capacity the (the developers were the Leningrad tive features of these systems include systems increased the relevance of de- Precision Mechanics (the city of St. eration. From the point of view of traffic centralized systems have the neces- Metro and the Institute «Giprotranssig- the presence of a supervisory comput- velopment of a new generation of auto- Petersburg) for designing an onboard control automation, safety control sys- sary properties to achieve the desired nalsvyaz»), the automatic train opera- er control system at the central control matic control systems for train move- device of the automatic train opera- tems impose restrictions on control. quality of control. The centralized au- tion system of Moscow Metro (SAMM), station and the functional integration of ment. By 1989, the MIIT developed the tion system. The device was designed Their commands have the highest pri- tomatic train operation system of the the developers were the Moscow State the automatic train operation systems automated control system for metro for operation in the autonomous mode. ority. metro comprises two interconnected University of Railway Engineering with the traffic safety systems (auto- train movement (ASU DPM). All the lev- It was planned to be used in the metro The efficiency of the train automatic functional levels of control. The up- (MIIT) and Moscow Metro. The SAMM matic speed regulation systems). The els of the system use microprocessor- system of St. Petersburg. The results of control system is determined by the fol- per level detects a mismatch between was operated in the Kaluzhsko–Rizhs- term “complex” indicated this integra- based means of computer technology. the work were implemented within the lowing: the planned and the performed traffic kaya Line of Moscow Metro. The sys- tion. The MIIT, the VNIIZhT (All-Russian The latter enabled to use more sophis- framework of the system «Dvizheniye» - increase in the use of the traffic per- schedules and in case of compensat- tems used hardware based on discrete Scientific Research Institute of Railway ticated and efficient control algorithms, in the metro systems of St. Petersburg formance and increase in the carrying ed disturbances it generates control semiconductor elements - transistors capacity due to stricter compliance (the stopping time and the required and diodes. with the schedule of trains; running time for each train of the line). The braking program in the PMSAU - increase in the traffic safety due to In case of uncompensated distur- DPM was implemented using a wire decrease in the probability of hazard- bances the upper level calculates a loop located on the track. The travel ous proximity of trains; new schedule of movement and per- time control at a station-to-station - reduction of energy consumption forms control in accordance with the block was carried out by means of se- for haulage of the train due to the selec- schedule. The lower level implements lection of the time of additional move- tion of optimum energy modes for train the control that is defined by the up- ment in the haulage mode with respect control and, according to the minimum per level. In terms of hardware the role to the reference point. The selection energy consumption criterion, optimum of the lower level is played by the au- of the travel time along the station-to- breakdown of the travel time within the tomatic train operation devices on the station block was calculated by com- line into the travel time along the sta- train. In accordance with this way of paring the planned and accomplished tion-to-station blocks. building the automatic train operation schedules of movement (the schedule- According to the level of centraliza- system, its development and imple- based control algorithm). The central- tion the automatic control systems for mentation have two stages. During the ized automatic train operation system metro train movement are divided into first stage the automatic train opera- of the SAMM that was based on the centralized and autonomous systems. tion devices on the train are tested in transistor-diode system of elements of Centralized automatic control systems the autonomous mode, at the second the series «Spektr» had a three-level receive information on the times of ar- stage – the algorithmic part, software structure (the central control station, rival and departure of all trains at all and hardware of the upper level and station facilities and onboard devices). stations and generate control com- the simultaneous functioning of both In this system the location of the train mands for each train. These com- levels. on the track was determined by induc-

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and Kazan. In the 90s the MIIT started message enables to transmit addition- of the correcting point. There is a posi- to cooperate with the V.Tikhomirov Sci- al information on the characteristics of tive experience in the use of this sensor entific-Research Institute of Instrument the station-to-station block. The reply during tests of ASU DPM in the Kharkov Design (NIIP) from the town of Zhu- signal generated by the sensor has a metro system and during long-term op- kovsky for designing automatic train bell-shaped directional diagram. This eration of track correction sensors in operation systems for metros. is a positive feature, in terms of the the automatic train operation system of need to transfer large amounts of data the St. Petersburg Metro. Steps of growth of Russian train at high speeds. However, the «blur» of Integrated use of RFID and track cor- automatic control systems fixing the correcting point in the track rection sensors enables to apply the During the period 2012-2015 Mos- has a negative impact on improving advantages of both sensors: the ability cow Metro received 1184 new cars. the accuracy of the measurement of to transfer a large amount of informa- Modern cars are equipped with a more the distance traveled by the train. Ad- tion from the track and the accuracy of powerful traction drive based on in- ditional location of RFID sensors at the fixing the correcting point. At the same duction motors. There were changes station, with lower speeds of the train, time it is possible to increase the func- in the control system for the equipment enables to reduce the effect of «blur- tional reliability of the channel for path of the car and the train. NIIP developed ring» of the correcting point. As shown measurement and measurement of the and implemented the new-generation by the tests carried out in Moscow train speed. automated system «Vityaz» for control, metro, the required stopping accuracy The onboard devices of the automatic diagnostics and traffic safety. When can be achieved today. train operation system developed by developing this system, the designers From the point of view of the author the Scientific-Research Institute of In- used advanced modern technologies. of this article, it is advantageous to ap- strument Design provide for radio con- The logical continuation of this devel- ply integrated use of RFID and infrared nection with stationary systems, which opment was the creation of onboard track correction sensors which consist is necessary in constructing the upper automatic train operation devices that of a transceiver mounted on the train level of a centralized system. The ad- work in an autonomous mode during and passive reflectors attached to the opted principles of building an onboard the first stage. The onboard devices wall of the tunnel. The transmitter op- automatic train operation device and the of the automatic train operation sys- erating in the infrared range generates automated control system that is inte- via radio channel, the use of such infor- causes of a failure (a development by to the disturbances. In this case it is tem enable the following: automatic a signal - an IR beam directed toward grated with it and also ensures technical mation makes it possible to significantly the MIIT). The performed simulation of necessary to predict the unknown de- starting of the train, the choice of trac- the side wall of the tunnel. When pass- diagnostics and traffic safety of metro improve the efficiency of the metro. The these algorithms in the models of the viations on the basis of automatic self- tion control modes in order to meet ing a passive multi-element optical cor- cars of the new generation (system tests of the onboard automatic train op- lines of Moscow Metro with different learning of the system. Application of the specified time of travel of the train ner reflector (a cataphot), the beam is called “Vityaz”) – these are the means eration devices designed in the Scientif- types of failures and the comparison of artificial intelligence methods enables along the station-to-station block, tar- reflected and it reaches the receiver that enable to implement the new capa- ic-Research Institute of Instrument De- the results of automatic control to the to use the name «intelligent centralized get braking of the train at the platform, where passing of the correcting point is bilities which go beyond the limits of traf- sign (Zhukovsky city) were carried out in stories of control by dispatchers taken system for automatic control of metro slowdown of the train in accordance registered. The advantage of the track fic control automation. It is possible to Moscow Metro. The tests provided posi- from the archive have demonstrated train movement». The term «intelligent» with speed limits, automatic door con- correction sensors consists in the ac- transmit diagnostic and statistical infor- tive results. the possibility of the use of algorithms is associated not so much with the cre- trol. The principle of acquisition and curacy of determining the coordinates mation on the train to the control center To date, algorithms of the upper lev- in an automated mode under the con- ation of a complex integrated control algorithms of functioning of the on- el have been substantially developed trol of dispatchers. system, but with the application of ar- board automatic train operation device – the centralized traffic control algo- The developed centralized traffic tificial intelligence methods in control are based on the experience obtained rithms for all trains in a line. MIIT devel- control algorithms use the methods algorithms. during the creation of the ASU DPM. oped schedule-interval traffic control of artificial intelligence for decision- The existing experience in develop- The onboard device receives the in- algorithms with compensated distur- making in case of uncertainty. An ex- ment and operation of automatic control formation about the distance traveled bances. In case of small mismatches of ample of this is the need to determine systems for movement of metro trains, by the train from the moment of start- the planned and implemented sched- the allowable interval for departure of the results of research work, design ef- ing and its speed from the frequen- ules the required durations of stops the (n+1)th train with known calculated fort and testing will help to use proper cy-modulated rotation sensor for the and travel times of the trains in the line travel times of the nth and the (n+1)th organization of the work for implement- wheel pair. For compensation of mea- are calculated in accordance with the trains. The allowable interval for moving ing the control system that is being de- surement errors at fixed points within schedule-based algorithm. Transition in the same direction, where the (n+1) veloped now, which will increase the the track there are RFID sensors that to the interval-based control is carried th train that follows can travel without quality of the volume of transportation do not require a power supply con- out when the resource of the line is not speed limitations in accordance with and the rail traffic safety. nection. The energy for the operation sufficient for compensating the distur- the safety system, is linearly dependent of the RFID is received from the high- bances. After adjustment of the interval on the duration of the stop of the nth L.A. Baranov frequency signal generated on the the transition to the schedule-based train at the station ahead. At the time of Head of Chair “Control and Protection of train when passing the sensor. In its control algorithm takes place. calculating the allowable interval for the Information” at Moscow State University of turn, the RFID generates a signal that A special place is occupied by con- departure we only know the planned Railway Engineering (JSC Russian transmits a message to the train on its trol algorithms during major failures of duration of the stop, there is no infor- Railways), Doctor of Engineering, Profes- location and the number of the station- movement and algorithms that imple- mation about the deviation of the actual sor, member of the Transport Academy to-station block. The capacity of the ment control after the elimination of the duration from the planned duration due Phone: +7 (916) 146-71-38

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and 1990, two groups of 56 and 18 driv- – from the Gorky Metro: 2 electric train tions was quite high, but due to the fact 25 anniversary of Yekaterinburg subway ers who had already got experience in drivers. that the installed equipment was not put n April 27, 2016 Yekaterinburg railroad employment were sent to the The following assistance was provided into service, was not serviced and there Metro celebrated its 25th anni- Road Technical School of the Kharkov during the construction of the metro: was no control for its safety, it gradually Oversary. Metro to complete 5-month training. – the Dnepropetrovsk Metallurgical began to fall into disrepair, and some- The city of Yekaterinburg is one of the In order to obtain practical experience Equipment Plant of the Heavy Engineer- times it was simply stolen. fastest growing metropolises in Rus- in maintenance of escalator systems, ing Ministry of the USSR produced and The management of the metro made sia. The city is compact; the main part in July 1989 a group of 24 people was supplied cast-iron intermediate prod- a difficult decision: to put a section with of it is elliptic in plan with dimensions of sent to the Road Technical School of ucts for tunnel rings; three stations into operation in 1990 10x20 km. the Moscow Metro to complete 3-month – since 1984 the Ural Heavy Machine while having only one terminal station There is very close city development training of escalator operators. Building Plant (UZTM) started to per- with gridiron. It is hard to say whether in the center. Outside the center density During the period from March 1989 to form machining of cast-iron tunnel rings; such cases of putting metros into opera- becomes less close, but, nevertheless, December 1991, over 200 people com- – since 1987 the UZTM started to per- tion had occurred previously, but what is it remains continuous. It is only at a dis- pleted internships in various specialties form casting of cast-iron tunnel rings certain is the fact that the Operating and tance of about 5 km from the city center and enhanced their professional skills. in shop No. 34. Later casting of tunnel Maintenance Rules for the Metros of the where the housing density decreases: These were traffic operators, station rings was performed by other enterpris- USSR did not mention it. The approval of the residential quarters stretch along the masters, station duty officers, signal es of . Tunnel rings such putting into operation was granted intercity highways. tower duty officers, power engineers started to be delivered from the cities of by the General Office of the Metro Sys- Like most big cities, Yekaterinburg is and communications personnel. The in- Kachkanar, and ; tems of the Ministry of Railways of the badly in need public transport system ternships were conducted in the metro – since 1983 the Beryozovsky Build- USSR. increasing. It should meet such require- systems of Novosibirsk, Tashkent, Khar- ing Structure Plant (BZSK) started to But even in 1990 it was only possible ments as speed, comfort, safety and kov, Minsk and Moscow. produce and deliver reinforced concrete to perform a trial run of a test train on the reliability. The metro system meets all In early 1978 the project feasibil- Management Sverdlovskmetrostroy was Before putting the metro in operation tunnel rings. section from station Prospekt Kosmo- these requirements. This system is the ity study for the first phase of the metro created, it included two Tunnel Construc- it was fully staffed with all the specialists. A great contribution to the construc- navtov to station Mashinostroiteley. This only currently existing alternative that construction project in Sverdlovsk was tion Departments – No.34 and No.36. The metro employees provided assis- tion of the Sverdlovsk Metro was made historical event took place on the night enables to prevent the impending traffic agreed upon. During the process of construction tance to the subway tunnel builders and by the Ural Turbine Works, the Uralelek- of December 29th to 30th. standstill in Yekaterinburg. In December 1979, the Directorate the governing bodies of the Oblast and took an active part in the preparation of trotyazhmash Plant, Uralelektroappa- Putting the metro into operation was We should probably take the year was established for the metro that was the city kept the construction under the the stations. rat Plant, the Kalinin Machine-Building put on hold till the next year, but the test 1967 as a reference. In January 1967 under construction, it was headed by spotlight and provided great help with 16 specialists were invited from oth- Plant, the research and manufactur- train played its role: the hope emerged a joyful event took place in the city of Mr. Ivan Titov. The official date of the the difficulties that arose. er metro systems to work in the newly ing association “Sverdlovsk Automatic that the metro would soon be opened; Sverdlovsk (now it is called Yekater- beginning of the metro construction is The rate of construction was quite opened metro: Equipment Plant”. The Uralelektrokabel everyone only had to try a little harder. inburg): the millionth city dweller was August 28, 1980, it was the day when the high; the task was to complete the first – from the : 12 peo- Plant started to produce the special ca- Prior to putting the metro into opera- born. Going beyond that one-million first scoop of earth was taken out of the start-up facility by November 1989. In ple (electric train drivers, chief traffic ble that was needed for the metro. Be- tion the work was performed in two di- milestone had serious consequences fore-shaft of the working channel of the connection with this, a new company controller, communications technicians, fore that time this cable was produced rections: on the one hand, staffing was at that time. Such city could be eligible future station Uralskaya. named «Sverdlovsk Metro» was estab- defect detection supervisor, econo- only in . in progress, on the other hand, the start- for more funding for the construction of In November 1980, the engineering lished in May 1988 in accordance with mists); In the middle of 1990 the percent- up operations were carried out with the big public buildings, new parameters design of the first phase of the Sverd- the Directive of the Ministry of Railways – from the Tashkent Metro: 2 electric age of completion of the electric engine participation of the constructors. As a of the transport network development lovsk Metro (from station Prospekt of the USSR. On December 15, 1988, train drivers; house and the surrounding three sta- result, by the time of opening the metro and even such an expensive facility as Kosmonavtov to station Chkalovskaya) Mr. Titov was appointed its head. for transportation of passengers, staff- the metro. was approved in accordance with the It was the time when the history of ing was complete and the employees It is safe to say that since 1967 it was Regulation of the Council of Ministers Yekaterinburg Metro started. were fully ready for work. time to act. The general plan of Sverd- of the USSR. According to the approved However, the social and economic en- On April 27, 1991 the metro was lovsk development with a plan of pro- construction program for metros in the vironment in the country was such that opened for transportation of passen- spective metro lines was approved by USSR, the first line of the Sverdlovsk the rate of construction dropped con- gers. Three stations were opened on Resolution No. 316 of the Council of Metro was planned to be opened in siderably and putting the metro in op- that day: Prospekt Kosmonavtov, Ural- Ministers of the RSFSR dated May 25, 1990. In order to complete this program eration in 1989 had already been put into mash and Mashinostroiteley. 1972. By the end of 1974 the long-await- without scattering funds, equipment and question. At the instigation of the media, for a ed budget line appeared in the budget labor power, it was decided to split the During the period before putting the long time our metro was called the small- of the Ministry of Railways for the year line into two start-up facilities: the first metro in operation one of the main tasks est metro in the world. This is not true 1975, it was related to funding of “metro one – from station Prospekt Kosmonav- of the metro management was staff- there were smaller ones, but apparently designing in the city of Sverdlovsk”. The tov to station Ploshchad 1905 Goda, and ing the divisions and departments with the people who spread this rumor do not Kharkovmetroproject Institute was se- the second one – from station Ploshchad skilled personnel. read much. lected as the design contractor. 1905 Goda to station Chkalovskaya. Reliable and efficient work on passen- In December 1992, station Uralskaya In accordance with the Resolution of In the summer of 1982 an independent ger transportation depends significantly was put into operation and 2 years later the Council of Ministers of the USSR general contracting organization was on the motive power and rolling stock the section till station Ploshchad 1905 dated December 16, 1977, the decision established. It was Tunnel Construc- department that is why one of the priori- Goda was opened for traffic: the trains was made on the construction of a metro tion Department No.34 headed by A.M. ties for the metro was to begin staffing went circle-wise with a turnaround at the system in the city of Sverdlovsk. Sapozhnikov. Later the Construction the electric train drivers. In March 1989 terminal stations.

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The start-up of other stations dragged which amounts to 23.9% of the citywide mash and Mashinostroiteley illustrate Within the territory of the electric en- on for many years. In 2002 station Geo- public transportation. the history of the domestic industry, gine house there is a base of the de- logicheskaya was put into service. The headway between consecutive including the wartime period, stations partment of line service and tunnel fa- In 2011 the last section of the first line trains during the rush hours is 4 min- Prospekt Kosmonavtov and Chkalovs- cilities, a repair shop of the electrical was put into operation, it reached sta- utes, during the periods between the kaya show the most important stages in and mechanical services department, tion Botanicheskaya. After a delay of 8 rush hours it is 6-8 minutes, during the the development of Russian aviation and the shops of the signal telephone and months, the intermediate station Ch- weekends it is 8-11 minutes. The tech- space exploration, station Dinamo is a telegraph department and the electric kalovskaya was opened for passengers nical capabilities of the metro enable it kind of underground stadium, station supply department, the warehouses of in the last start-up section. It was on July to transport a lot more passengers be- Ploshchad 1905 Goda presents stone the procurement service. The first or- 28, 2012. cause the minimum headway between depiction of the events of our compli- der of the combined shops was built for After the start-up of the section from consecutive trains defined in the project cated history with the social upheavals performing repairs of the equipment in- station Geologicheskaya to station Bo- is 1.5 minutes. of the early 20th century, station Bo- volved in the technological cycle of all tanicheskaya that took place on No- The length of track in use within the tanicheskaya looks like a huge beehive. the metro facilities. vember 28, the construction of the first line is 12.71 km. There are 9 stations in All the stations of the first line were de- Recently, Yekaterinburg Metro has line was completed. The first metro line the line including the following: signed with island platforms, their length completed a number of tasks for the re- went from the most northerly point to the - 2 subsurface stations without esca- ensures operation of five-car trains. placement of the outmoded equipment, most southerly point of the closest city lators (Botanicheskaya, Prospekt Kos- Four-car trains are used within the line, introduction of new equipment, as well development and connected five of the monavtov); they consist of type 81-717(714).5 cars. as innovative designs for improving the seven districts of the city. Duration of a - 2 subsurface stations with escalators The running tests and temporary opera- reliability of the facilities and equipment trip from station Prospekt Kosmonavtov (Mashinostroiteley, Uralmash); tion of the rolling stock of the first order and for ensuring the safety of traffic and All the primary facilities are equipped department, the department of line ser- to station Botanicheskaya is 19 minutes. - 5 deep level stations with escala- (it included 54 units) was performed in passenger transportation. with video surveillance systems with vice and tunnel facilities, the electrical The speed of transportation of passen- tors (Chkalovskaya, Geologicheskaya, the Novosibirsk Metro prior to the open- In order to reduce the maintenance image recording, at specific locations and mechanical services department, gers within the city that is ensured by the Ploshchad 1905 Goda, Dinamo, Urals- ing of Yekaterinburg Metro. Later 8 more expenses the company purchased and the radiation monitoring equipment is the machinery and repair department. metro today cannot be achieved by any kaya). cars of series 81 were purchased. installed new compressor plants DEN- located, station inspection equipment A total of 117 people participated in the of the types of the above-ground trans- When passengers enter the metro, the Today the company employs approxi- 90Sh and a control station for these is functioning in the ticket hall, explo- competitions. port. first thing they see is the underground mately 1,500 employees. Most of those plants. In 2014 and 2015 the machinery sion-proof containers are also located Particular attention is paid by the com- One intermediate station was exclud- structures. One might as well say that who came here before the start-up re- equipment was almost completely re- there. The set of mandatory equipment pany to physical training and sports. ed from the start-up section and put- the project designers put their souls into tired with a sense of a job well done. newed for maintenance and repair of at the stations and the checkpoints in- Sports halls are rented for lovers of ting it into service was postponed for a the architectural appearance of the sta- And we must give credit where it is due, metro cars. cludes metal detectors both in the sta- football and volleyball, those who like long time, at the same time the work was tions. Finishing of all the stations was because they created the maintenance Over recent years, the signal tele- tionary and hand-held versions. All this swimming can always get a pass for the performed on the tunnel sections of the performed with the use of natural stone, system for the facilities, equipment and phone and telegraph department has equipment and the team of the depart- swimming pool. The trade union com- main lines of the future station. It was as a rule it was the Ural stone. rolling stock that was the basis for en- worked hard to improve the security sys- ment work to complete the main task mittee actively participates in the forma- station Bazhovskaya. The following themes are reflected in suring the rail traffic safety and passen- tems of the metro and the passenger- – to ensure maximum security for the tion of teams in many sports for taking Over the 25 years of operation, the the architectural appearance of the sta- ger transportation safety. related automatic equipment: terminals metro passengers in case of threats of part in the Spartakiads held by the metro metro services were used by more than tions: station Uralskaya is an old under- In order to maintain the necessary have been installed for communication acts of unlawful interference with the systems of the CIS members and in the 840 million passengers. Today the metro ground mine, station Geologicheskaya balance of skilled employees, the com- with the police, all the communication work of the metro. Spartakiad of the municipal enterprises services are used by 170 thousand citi- characterizes the richness of the Ural pany’s own Training Department was devices have been provided with self- On the occasion of the 25th anniver- of Yekaterinburg. The athletes defended zens every day. During 2015 the metro mineral resources, its walls are made in established. It provides training accord- contained uninterruptible power supply, sary of the metro the company opened the honor of the metro and won prizes transported 49.9 million passengers, the form of stone , stations Ural- ing to the trade programs for escalator the company has put into operation an a museum dedicated to the history of in many sports competitions. The trade operators, electric train drivers, electri- electronic card fare system and a sys- the metro in Yekaterinburg. The museum union organization held contests in fut- cal fitters, etc. tem for access of authorized personnel houses numerous stands with photos of sal, volleyball, table tennis and chess as Mr. Ivan Titov was the first to be ap- to the metro facilities. Centralized traffic the construction of the metro and pho- part of the celebration of the 25th anni- pointed Head of the Sverdlovsk Metro on control is being upgraded based on mi- tos of its employees, various exhibits versary of the metro. December 15, 1988. He was in charge of croprocessor technology. that will grow in number over time. At the For 25 years the personnel of the the company till January 2011. At the moment an integrated auto- stations and underground walkways of metro have properly maintained the so- Using the accumulated experience, matic dispatcher control system is being the metro there are also displays of pho- phisticated facilities and every morning Mr. Ivan Titov put in great efforts and implemented for the power supply ser- tographs. at 6:00 sharp the doors of the halls open knowledge during the construction and vices and the electrical and mechanical Professional skill competitions have for the city dwellers and the guests of establishment of the first metro system services. been held to commemorate the 25th an- Yekaterinburg. in Ural region. Under his leadership, a In 2011 a transportation security de- niversary of putting the metro into oper- And what is more, the personnel well-coordinated team was formed and partment was established for ensuring ation. The employees have demonstrat- dream of new lines, new trains, new pas- it ensures high passenger services cul- transportation security within the metro ed a high level of professional skills and sengers… ture and rail traffic safety. system. Today the Transportation Se- profound theoretical knowledge and Since May 31, 2011 the company has curity Department employs about 140 ability to apply it practically. The com- V. Shafray been headed by Mr. Vladimir Shafray. employees. They operate dozens of so- petitions were held in the traffic depart- Director of Yekaterinburg Metro, Yekaterinburg Metro is now a well- phisticated device complexes and sys- ment, the motive power and rolling stock the Yekaterinburg municipal equipped urban public passenger trans- tems for protection of stations, tunnels department, the signal telephone and unitary operator portation enterprise. and other metro facilities from terrorists. telegraph department, the power supply Phone: +7 (343) 358-00-04

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th - the Federal Service for Supervi- cordance with the Federal Law, they be- Today it is an important task to en- 15 international conference on sion in the Sphere of Transport as the came the first departments of transpor- sure the development and improve- federal executive authority that exer- tation security that perform protection ment of the Comprehensive Program. transport security held in Moscow cises federal government control (su- of transportation facilities and vehicles At the moment the Project of the Com- pervision) in the area of transporta- from acts of unlawful interference and prehensive Program is under con- n February 10-11, 2016 Moscow adopted on February 3, 2014. For the necessity for elaboration of plans for tion security; for these purposes they were autho- sideration by the Government of the hosted the International Exhi- purposes of implementation of this ensuring transportation security; in- - specialized organizations in the rized to perform inspection, additional Russian Federation. There is a brief Obition “Security Technologies Federal Law, the Ministry of Transport troduction of the notion of a certificate area of ensuring transportation securi- inspection and secondary screening. overview of the results of the work. – 2016”. The 15th International Confer- of Russia and the involved federal ex- of ensuring transportation security for ty that are accredited by the competent It was highlighted at the Conference Within the boundaries of their compe- ence “Terrorism and Transportation ecutive bodies developed 16 draft such facilities and vehicles; authorities for carrying out vulnerability that the measures of state support for tence, the federal agencies for modes Security” was held as part of the Inter- regulations of the Government of the - introduction of the notion of an ad- assessment at transportation facilities the implementation of the transporta- of transport take measures for rating, national Exhibition. The participants of Russian Federation and 11 draft orders ditional vulnerability assessment for and on vehicles; tion security laws, including the imple- approval of vulnerability assessments the conference discussed the results of government agencies. Almost all of transportation facilities; - the transport infrastructure sub- mentation of Decree of the President and plans for ensuring transportation achieved in the area of transportation these documents to some extent touch - necessity for transmission of the jects which own transportation facilities of the Russian Federation dated March security at transportation facilities security, disclosed and analyzed the upon the issues of coordination of the data from the technical facilities for and (or) vehicles or use them on other 31, 2010 No. 403 for development of and on vehicles. By December 2015 most pressing issues and marked out activities of the bodies responsible for ensuring the transportation security of legal grounds; a comprehensive program for ensur- a considerable amount of work was the approaches to their solution. ensuring transportation security. At the transportation facilities and vehicles to - law enforcement agencies, includ- ing transportation security, as ap- performed for enhancing transporta- Mr. Nicolay Zakhryapin, Deputy Min- same time, in the context of modern the authorized units of the Federal Se- ing the Federal Security Service of Rus- proved by Order of the Government of tion security. ister of Transport of the Russian Fed- terrorist threats it is necessary to take a curity Service, law enforcement agen- sia, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the the Russian Federation dated July 30, At metro systems ratings were as- eration, delivered report “On the Mea- number of additional measures for im- cies and the Federal Service for Su- Russian Federation; the public pros- 2010 No. 1285-r, enabled to achieve signed to 790 transportation facilities; sures for the Implementation of the provement of the laws in the area of en- pervision in the Sphere of Transport in ecution service; the following: 789 vulnerability assessments were National Policy and Statutory Regula- suring transportation security. These accordance with the rules established - educational institutions; - improve the laws in the area of en- approved for transportation facilities; tion in the Area of Ensuring Transporta- measures should provide for, among by the Government of the Russian Fed- - non-government organizations, suring transportation security; plans for ensuring transportation se- tion Security”. The speaker highlighted other things, the coordination of the eration; such as the Transportation Security - enhance the protection of passen- curity were approved for 762 trans- the fact that the issue of ensuring se- activities in the area of ensuring trans- - granting rights to the security au- Association and the Transportation gers and personnel in transport from portation facilities. curity is relevant to different spheres of portation security at the regional and thorities for development and approval Security Fund, the International As- acts of unlawful interference; Moreover, within the framework of activity of the society, but it is a matter federal levels. For example, the Minis- of the standard list of questions in the sociation «Metro» and other associa- - ensure enhancement of training, the business program of the exhibi- of particular importance in the trans- try of Transport of Russia is working on field of ensuring transportation secu- tions for other modes of transport. For education and certification of the per- tion a workshop was held for sharing port sphere. the issues of introducing amendments rity that are used during job interviews the purposes of accomplishment of sonnel in the area of transportation se- experience in ensuring protection of The Ministry of Transport of the Rus- to Federal Law No. 16-FZ “Transporta- for the purpose of ensuring transpor- measures for ensuring transportation curity; metro facilities from acts of unlawful sian Federation plays the key role in tion Security” with regard to: tation security. security there exists an integrated na- - create an information support sys- interference. The workshop was suc- ensuring transportation security; it is - granting powers to the Govern- Besides the Ministry of Transport of tional information system for ensuring tem for ensuring transportation secu- cessfully conducted by Mr. V. Mura- the statutory regulation agency that ment of the Russian Federation for ap- Russia, the system of measures for en- transportation security which is owned rity; tov, Security Advisor to the Head of carries out the formulation of the na- proval of the procedure for rating the suring transportation security includes by the Russian Federation. - increase the technological infra- Moscow Metro. tional policy in the area of transpor- transportation facilities and vehicles, the following: A special place in the system of mea- structure level of transportation facili- tation security. It also takes organi- including the time frame for its perfor- - the federal agencies that are sures for ensuring transportation secu- ties to a totally new level; V.A. Kuryshev zational steps for the implementation mance, for determination of the num- within the jurisdiction of the Ministry rity is held by the departmental security - eliminate the vulnerability related Chief Technologist of the of the national policy in this sphere of ber of categories and the criteria for of Transport of Russia as the compe- service of the Ministry of Transport of to acts of unlawful interference at over International Association «Metro» activity. The main tasks of the Ministry rating the transportation facilities and tent authorities in the field of ensuring Russia and the departmental security 100 transportation facilities classed as Phone: +7 (495) 688-0074 in the area of ensuring transportation vehicles; transportation security; service of the railway transport. In ac- category 1. Email: [email protected] security are as follows: - harmonization with the standards of - further improvement of the laws, the Air Code of the Russian Federation; including optimization of approaches - granting rights to the subordinate to implementation of the requirements organizations of the Ministry of Trans- of transportation security in the con- port of Russia in the area of ensuring text of economic constraints; transportation security for validation - coordination of activities for en- of the results of performing the vulner- suring compliance with the laws in the ability assessment and for approval of area of transportation security at the plans for ensuring transportation se- regional, federal and international lev- curity; els, taking into account the predicted - maintenance of a special register and emerging threats. by the competent authorities in the area One of the main outcomes of the joint of ensuring transportation security for effort with the federal executive bodies registering the transportation facili- was Federal Law No. 15-FZ «Amend- ties and vehicles that are not subject to ments to Certain Legislative Acts of rating; elimination of the necessity for the Russian Federation on the Issues such facilities and vehicles to undergo of Transportation Security» that was the vulnerability assessment and of the

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The stand of the Chinese supplier of lows: large interval between the vertical unit of the rectifier. It does not require Innovations for subways at Innotrans 2016 rolling stock CRRC (www.crrcgc.cc) supports (20 m), 2 electric motors lift 2 much physical effort from the person- rom September 20th through 23rd trapping of passengers between the cludes: feeder cell KV-600-F-UHL4, a presented metro trains for China and sections, narrow intermediate supports nel during maintenance and servicing. Berlin hosted the InnoTrans Inter- doors is excluded. The passenger cabin cable connection cabinet, rectifier unit other countries. CRRC offers 3 types (this enables to stop a train with its Withdrawable-type rectifiers produced Fnational Trade Fair which is held is equipped with modern ergonomic KV-V-MPPD-2.0k-600 UHL4 of the with- of rolling stock: A, B and C. They differ doors in front of the support, because by JSC «Pluton» are characterized by every two years at Messe Berlin and is seats and a passenger alerting system drawable type; in their weight-and-dimensional char- it will not hinder boarding and alight- high power and a compact size. The the world’s largest exhibition venue in that can display television channels. Be- • Substation control cabinet ShUP for acteristics and, consequently, in the ing), the possibility of lifting the screen stand also presented a stationary-type the field of production and technologies sides, the color of lighting in the salon application at substations of railways, transportation capacity (from 417 pas- by hand in case of a power failure (the 12-pulse railway rectifier (DC, 3.3 kW). for railway transport, metro and urban varies from cold in the morning to warm metros and urban electric transport; sengers in type A trains to 300 in type weight of one 20 m section is only 10 Within the framework of the exhibition . InnoTrans is the event that in the evening. The number of hand- • Dry-type power transformer TS- C trains). Type A trains are delivered to kg), the installation cost is reduced the manufacturer also demonstrated you should visit, see and use for con- rails was increased by 30% and now the 100/6/0.4 for application at substations the metro systems of Mecca, Boston, by 40% and operating costs - by 80% the intelligent system for monitoring tacting your colleagues. Both technical handrails have a «warm» coating. of railways, metros and urban electric Shenzhen, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Rio compared to conventional designs of and protection of the traction network experts and managers will find a lot of The ergonomics of the control cab transport. de Janeiro (line 1А), type В – to Tehran, platform doors. There is an anti-trap- SMTN-3. It represents the third gen- information there to use in their work. were designed with account taken of The stand of Kryukovsky Railway Car Beijing, Wuhan, type С – to Chicago, ping system: in case of an obstruction eration of safety devices based on This article briefly describes the equip- the wishes of underground train drivers. Building Plant («KVSZ») PJSC presented Buenos Aires, Shanghai. the cycle of closing is stopped. advanced technologies. The SMTN-3 ment for metros and individual engi- The control cab is equipped with an air its developments of the recent years: Metro rolling stock was presented at neering solutions. conditioning system, a fan heater and regional high-speed dual-system trains, the stands of the companies CAF, Al- InnoTrans 2016 was attended by rep- hinged doors on both sides. The control diesel trains, innovative freight cars and stom, Stadler, Astra Vagoane Calatori resentatives of the International Associ- cab doors are equipped with an addi- metro trains. This machinery has already (, http://www.astra-passen- ation «Metro» and such members of the tional safety function - a pneumatic lock started operation and demonstrated its gers.ro), , Hitachi. Association as Transmashholding JSC, is activated at the speed of 15 km/h. efficiency, reliability and popularity with Bombardier Transportation Company Kryukovsky Railway Car Building Plant The exhibition was also presented the operators and passengers. The roll- presented a mock-up of an innovative PJSC, Bombardier, Alstom, NIIEFA-EN- equipment that can ensure reliable and ing stock of KVSZ PJSC is service in the metro car. ERGO, Pluton JSC. They presented their uninterrupted power supply for metro in the metro systems of Kiev and Khar- as one of the type of urban products and pilot projects acting in the systems. kov, and over the years of operation transport was also present at the exhi- capacity of exhibitors. At the stand of NIIEFA-ENERGO LLC it proved its reliability. The car build- bition. Intamin Transportation (http:// Among the variety of the exhib- the visitors could learn more about the ers from Kryukov also welcomed their www.intaminworldwide.com) is a Swiss ited models of metro rolling stock the advantages of modern innovative prod- long-standing business partners – the company, it has already put several products of JSC «Transmashholding» ucts. The wide range of products en- senior officers of the Ministry of Trans- monorail systems into operation: the caught everybody’s eye – those were ables the customer to order modular port of the Islamic Republic of Iran and city of Port Harcourt (Nigeria), 2013, the metro cars of the new generation integrated deliveries. The equipment is the management of the Islamic Republic a 34-meter long train transports up to 81-765/766/767 “Moskva”. The cars are divided into structurally and functionally of Iran Railways. Meetings and negotia- 210 passengers at a speed of up to 80 a combination of many years of experi- autonomous major units - the functional tions were held with representatives of km/h; in Calabar, another city in Nige- ence and the most advanced technolo- units that have the form of an assem- other firms and companies. ria there is a single-track 1.1-km line gies. The design was created with the bly of cells, cabinets, panels, as well as At the open area of the exhibition crossing the river; the city of Bologna use of the latest achievements of sci- primary detectors, multiprocessor con- the visitors could examine a full-scale (), 2014, a 14-meter train trans- Faveley Transport Corporation (www. provides comprehensive protection of ence and technology. trollers that are integrated by the load- specimen of the rolling stock for metro ports 70 passengers from the airport faiveleytransport.com) offers modular catenary systems from overloads and The distinguishing features of «Mosk- bearing structures, the common power systems - the automatic train Siemens to the city center in 7 minutes; in 2015 sliding doors with a passive opening/ short-circuit currents. It also facilitates va» cars enable us to speak with confi- current distributor and secondary cir- Inspiro for the city of Riyadh (the capital a 9.6-km line was opened in the city of closing mechanism without an elec- restoration of power supply of the en- dence about the broad prospects for cuits. As a result, the traction substation of Saudi Arabia). The design of the train Xi’an (China); in January 2016 the first tromagnet. A separate motor and a ergy system and the rolling stock in the the use of such rolling stock not only in is built using the functional units assem- looks similar to the Dubai above-ground Vietnamese monorail line was opened separate control module are installed shortest time possible. the domestic metros, but also in foreign bled in the workshops and production metro train. The passenger cabin is in the city of Da Nang, it is a 1.8-km long on each aperture. All the mechanisms As note most of the exhibitors and ones. The features of the cars of model departments of NIIEFA-ENERGO LLC. decorated in tones of beige and , single-track circular monorail line which are located at the bottom, so the upper visitors, participation in the InnoTrans 81-765/766/767 include energy sav- The exhibition stand of NIIEFA-ENER- with seats located singly and in twos encircles the Asia Park (88 hectares). A structure (height: 2.15 m) becomes vir- exhibition significantly strengthens ing of up to 35% due to the introduction GO LLC presented the latest equipment transverse to the aisle. It makes a bright new line will be opened for the Asian tually transparent. Such doors are used the image of enterprises producing a of new technical solutions and the use for railways, metros and urban electric positive impression. An interesting solu- Games in 2017 in Ashgabat. at the metro stations of Taipei, Istanbul, unique product in its kind - rolling stock of the third-generation asynchronous transport: tion is the chrome-plated vertical hand- Suggestions on installation of plat- Shanghai, Helsinki, Lausanne. and equipment for railways and metros. traction motor which reduces the cost • Cell of the double-pole input switch rail in the middle of the cabin, in front of form doors in metros were reflected at Pluton JSC demonstrated on its Innotrans is the leading global platform of operation by 40%. The rolling stock 1S-2x25-2-VV-UHL4 for AC traction the doors. At the top it elegantly branch- the stands of many companies. booth 750 V DC electrical switchgears for showcasing and selling vehicles and is equipped with bogies that have air substations for railways; es away in 4 parts. Between them there An interesting solution for CIS met- of advanced design. Special interest technologies, it determines the main suspension and a microprocessor sys- • Cell of the traction network power is a square-shaped light fixture. There is ros was suggested by Korean com- of the visitors was caused by the 750 development trends in this area for de- tem for control and diagnosis. The train line switch KV-3.3-FKS-UHL4 for DC an abundance of information panels in pany SKD HI-TEC (www.skdhitec.com): V DC rectifier unit with a withdraw- cades to come. has drawbars that include elements of traction substations for railways; cars. During the exhibition there were the Rope Screen Door. The solution able design. The rectifier unit has a a passive restraint system (crash sys- • Rectifier unit V-MPE-D-2.0k-825- displayed a video about integration of is based on screens that move down convenient design that enables easy D.A. Golovin tem). To ensure maximum comfort for UHL4 for traction substations of metro metro with bus routes and even with an from above. They are made of 0.5 cm access to the components of the rec- Deputy Director General the passengers, the cabin was also im- systems; option of ordering a bus «on demand» thick wire covered with a polymer. They tifier and to the bus compartment. of the International Association «Metro» proved. The aperture of the sliding plug • Unit RU-600 V for traction substa- using an iPhone. The German company consist of 3-4 horizontal sections, each The applied design solutions enable Phone: +7 (495) 688-0289 doors was enlarged by 12%, accidental tions of urban electric transport, it in- is planning to deliver 74 trains to Riyadh. 0.5 m high. Their advantages are as fol- easy movement of the power-supply E-mail: [email protected]

42 «МЕТРО INFO International» 2016 digest «МЕТРО INFO International» 2016 digest 43 МЕТРО WORLDWIDE WORLDWIDE МЕТРО Curiosities and prospects for Rio de Janeiro public transport a single-track line. The route uses retro At the lowest terminal station Cosme American cars made in the century be- Velho there is a museum which tells fore last. The control cabins are located about the history of the railway. One of in the cars on both sides, and there are its exhibits is displayed near the station no side walls and no aisle through the at St. Jude Square. It is an electric loco- center of the cabin. The rows of wooden motive which began to operate in 1910, bench seats occupy the entire width of making the first electrified the car. The Bondinho tram, as the lo- railway in Brazil. cals call it, is used mostly by tourists, To return to the tram subject, it is but it also has transport function. worth mentioning the light-rail transit In 2011, an accident occurred when a system project VLT Carioca that was car crashed with passengers and it lead implemented in Rio de Janeiro. This to casualties and injured people. As a system was put into operation in June result, the tram route was closed. After 2016, on the eve of the Summer Olym- the modernization in 2015, the historical pic Games. Now it consists of a single tram Bondinho resumed its operation. line with 16 stations, it has a length of Another transport rarity of Rio de Ja- 14 km and connects Santos Dumont neiro is the cog railway that leads to Airport with Novo Rio Bus Terminal. The The LRT system uses modern equip- rated by hills, in many places there stations appeared in the line and then Corcovado hill, the place where the fa- European rail gage of 1,435 mm was ment and rolling stock which is pow- are tunnels, which limit the throughput stations were opened one by one al- mous statue of Christ the Redeemer is adopted. The city government plans to ered with a direct 750V current from the capacity of the streets. There are also most every year. In 1980, the number of located. It is one of the symbols of the build two more lines, as a result the net- contact rail, which is located within the numerous traffic controlled intersec- cars in a train was increased to 6. To- city. This is not a cable car, as some- work spread will increase to 28 km, and gage at the same level with the railroad tions which impede traffic on the city day, the length of line L1 is 16 km, which times people mistakenly call it, but a rail- the number of stations – to 31. tracks. The peculiar feature consists in mains. That is why in the daytime a bus includes 19 stations. way with multiple-unit trains, inter-sta- VLT Carioca was designed in 2010, the electric dividing of the contact rail, trip from Cosme Velho (the lowest sta- In November 1981, train operation io de Janeiro is the second larg- tions with gridiron (passing loops) and while track laying commenced in 2012. due to which each of the sections is live tion of the cog railway) to Copacabana was started in line L2. Today it has 16 est city in Brazil with a population other railway facilities. The railway with a According to the project designers, in- only when the rolling stock is above it. takes no less than 2 hours. stations and a length of 30.2 km. Rof almost 7 million people. It is a length of 3.8 km and a rail gage of 1000 tegration of such system into the urban Such power supply system ensures In the context of the increased trans- In 2016 line L4 started to operate, major financial and tourist center. Many mm was built by Swiss experts in 1884. infrastructure would reduce the num- complete safety for pedestrians and portation flow the role of the metro it was built for the Summer Olympic substantial sports and cultural facilities The rolling stock consists of 3 two-car ber of the automobile transport in the vehicles. The cars are equipped with becomes apparent, because it is de- Games in 2016 and it played an impor- are located in the city. These factors trains. One-way travel lasts 20 minutes. transportation of passengers by means high-value capacitors that maintain the signed to solve the problem of passen- tant role in provision of the transport determined the necessity for develop- The track was laid through real Brazilian of reorienting the passengers from bus power supply of the engines at dead ger transportation. services within the city. 30 thousand ing transport infrastructure that can jungle of the and is routes and private cars to the light rail sections, and capacitors can be re- The first line of the metro in Rio de Ja- workers were involved in the construc- provide services for the city dwellers very picturesque along its entire length. lines. charged by means of regeneration. The neiro started to be constructed in 1970. tion of this line; it was the largest con- and its numerous visitors. doors in the cars are located on both In March 1979, the metro was opened struction site in Brazil. The construction Rio de Janeiro has a transport net- sides, the control cabins are in both for passengers and within the first 10 began in 2010. A concession was es- work that includes such types of trans- head cars. days it transported more than 1.5 mil- tablished for the implementation of the port as the light rail, buses and the The bus is a very popular mode of lion people. At that time, four trains project, in which 80% of the capital was metro. There is also a tram route, cog transport in Rio de Janeiro, the route operated in the line. They consisted of controlled by the State of Rio de Janei- railway and urban electric trains that network encompasses the entire city, 4 cars. The interval between trains did ro and 20% by private companies. The ensure the suburban rail link. including its distant outskirts. There not exceed 8 minutes. In 1980, two new project itself existed since 1980. Development of public transport in are more than 800 bus routes. Travel- the city started with the tram line that ling by bus has some features that do was laid in 1875 from the city center not make the trip comfortable. For ex- to the neighborhood of Santa Teresa ample, on-demand stops are numer- located on the Santa Teresa hill. In the ous. When a bus approaches such a 19th century it was the place of resi- stop, one needs to see the route num- dence of the urban aristocracy and then ber and be quick enough to stop it by of the local – poets and art- putting up one’s hand. However, the ists. Initially, the tram was horse-driven, route numbers and names of destina- but in 1896 it was converted to elec- tions are clearly visible on the wind- tric traction. Part of the tram line runs screen. The most inconvenient thing along the aqueduct Arcos da Lapa. The is the lengthy trip time. Since Rio de line is double-tracked along its entire Janeiro has a peculiar surface relief length but on the aqueduct it becomes and the districts of the city are sepa-

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The new metro line almost immedi- ately proved its efficiency. Before the construction of line L4, a trip from Barra da Tijuka to Ipanema took 1.5 hours, and after putting the new metro line into operation the trip takes 13 minutes. In 2013, a tunneling shield with a di- ameter of 11.5 m started its work. Tun- neling was carried out under extremely severe conditions involving water-satu- rated soils, swampy underground spac- es and rerouting of the branched service lines. During the tunneling pro- cess, the tunnel sections were repeat- edly flooded with water. Many historical artifacts were found during the work, including items that belonged to the im- perial family. Modern rolling stock was purchased for the line. More than 250 million Reals ($72.5 mln.) were invested in the infra- structure. During the Olympic Games, the line served only the visitors of the sporting events, the city dwellers started to use the line in September. Today the Rio de Janeiro Metro con- sists of three lines, has 41 stations and a length of 48 km. The average daily passenger flow is 850 thousand peo- ple, during the Olympic Games it was around 1370 thousand passengers. Fork-type movement is organized in such a ticket does not contain an elec- of men and women in the metro trains. lines L1 and L2, i.e. from station Bota- tronic chip and is inserted into the spe- Of course, that was at the discretion fogo to station Central the movement in cial slot to open the turnstile. The ticket for the passengers. Each train had a both lines is carried out using one track is not returned to the passenger. You special car marked with a pink sticker and then the trains go separate ways ac- can buy tickets at the ticket office in the «only for women». Separate board- cording to their routes. To distinguish the hall for cash, or in a machine, but only ing was supposed to be performed on trains of different lines the interiors of the with the help of a bank card. weekdays from 6 to 9 a.m. and from 5 cars are painted orange or green. At the A ticket for a single trip costs 4.10 Re- to 8 p.m. Thus, the deputies decided stations the corresponding information als (1 real = 21 rubles) and has no time to ease the women’s problems related is provided via the dynamic displays. limitation. There is another travel op- to travel conditions. In crowded cars Many stations have three platforms. tion, metro+bus. The transportation they often felt discomfort caused by This measure makes it possible to or- company Metr Rio that operates the the shameless behavior of some ex- ganize separate boarding and alighting metro has special express buses that cessively temperamental men. The law of passengers when the train stops at run from metro stations according to caused a mixed reaction in the society, the station in order to avoid collisions of specific routes. Such double ticket also giving rise to numerous disputes and passenger flows moving in opposite di- costs 4.10 Reals. protests, including those initiated by rections. The cars are also designed for There are no inspection zones in the some women who saw signs of inequal- transportation of large numbers of peo- halls, but the security officers are al- ity. Today separate travel is almost not ple. The dimensions of the rolling stock ways on duty at the turnstiles, they also performed by passengers in the metro are noticeably larger than, for example, maintain order in the trains. of Rio de Janeiro. those of the cars in the Moscow Metro. Before finishing the report on the Thus, the width of a car is 2.9 m, the metro of Rio de Janeiro, it is worth men- D.A. Golovin length – 22 m, the door width – 1.6 m. tioning one peculiarity. Deputy Director General Fare is paid by means of electronic In 2006, the deputies of the Legisla- of the International Metro Association cards and single-trip tickets that work tive Assembly of the State of Rio de Ja- Phone: +7 (495) 688-0289 on the principle of tokens. It means that neiro passed a law on separate travel E-mail: [email protected]

46 «МЕТРО INFO International» 2016 digest