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Systemic Criteria for the Evaluation of the Role of Monofunctional Towns in the Formation of Local Urban Agglomerations

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Systemic Criteria for the Evaluation of the Role of Monofunctional Towns in the Formation of Local Urban Agglomerations ISSN 2007-9737 Systemic Criteria for the Evaluation of the Role of Monofunctional Towns in the Formation of Local Urban Agglomerations Pavel P. Makagonov1, Lyudmila V. Tokun2, Liliana Chanona Hernández3, Edith Adriana Jiménez Contreras4 1 Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Russia 2 State University of Management, Finance and Credit Department, Russia 3 Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Mexico 4 Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Cómputo, Mexico [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract. There exist various federal and regional monotowns do not possess any distinguishing self- programs aimed at solving the problem of organization peculiarities in comparison to other monofunctional towns in the periods of economic small towns. stagnation and structural unemployment occurrence. Nevertheless, people living in such towns can find Keywords. Systemic analysis, labor migration, labor solutions to the existing problems with the help of self- market, agglomeration process criterion, self- organization including diurnal labor commuting migration organization of monotown population. to the nearest towns with a more stable economic situation. This accounts for the initial reason for agglomeration processes in regions with a large number 1 Introduction of monotowns. Experimental models of the rank distribution of towns in a system (region) and evolution In this paper, we discuss the problems of criteria of such systems from basic ones to agglomerations are explored in order to assess the monotown population using as an example several intensity of agglomeration processes in the systems of monotowns located in Siberia (Russia). In 2014 the towns in the Middle and Southern Urals (the Sverdlovsk Government of the Russian Federation issued two and Chelyabinsk regions of Russia). The involvement of documents: Decree of the government of the monotowns in the processes of diurnal commuting Russian Federation of 29 July 2014 No. 709 “On migration which is considered as the initial stage of criteria for municipal entities for being qualified as urban agglomerations formation at the modern stage of monoprofile (monotowns) and categories of their development is evaluated on the basis of the monoprofile municipal entities of the Russian developed criteria. The quality of parameters assessing Federation (monotowns) depending on the risks of the intensity of town attractiveness in migration processes is evaluated. It is demonstrated that aggravation of their socio-economic situation” [1] Computación y Sistemas, Vol. 23, No. 4, 2019, pp. 1457–1467 doi: 10.13053/CyS-23-4-3324 ISSN 2007-9737 1458 Pavel P. Makagonov, Lyudmila V. Tokun, Liliana Chanona Hernández, Edith Adriana Jiménez Contreras and Resolution of the government of the Russian programs for unemployed individuals of Federation of 29 July 2014 No. 1398-p [2]. working age. The former document defines the first, second, Current research is focused on the evaluation and third categories of monotowns in order of of self-organization ability of monotown population decrease of the complexity of socio-economic in the Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk regions which situation (including the relation to difficulties in manifests itself in diurnal labor migration to large functioning of town-forming organizations and and/or more economically stable cities. 20% of the thus, relation to the problem of structural Ural Federal District population lives unemployment). in monotowns. The latter document provides the list of This is the largest proportion of the population monoprofile municipal entities (monotowns) of the in comparison to all other federal districts of the Russian Federation. Russian Federation. In particular, 28.9% of The population of monotowns cannot cope with population in the Sverdlovsk region and 32.3% of external risks of a decrease in demand for the population in the Chelyabinsk region lives in products of the town-forming enterprise or its monotowns (see [25] Institute for Complex bankruptcy using their own resources. In the Strategic Studies (ICSS), 2017). 33 monotowns periods of economic stagnation, the population of out of 319 listed in the government documents are monotowns suffers more than anyone else. situated in the Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk Governmental measures [2] are first and foremost regions. Moreover, 12 out of 99 monotowns aimed at diversification of economic basis of (12.12%) from the first category, 11 out of 149 monotowns that lose their raw-material base and monotowns (7.38%) from the second category, experience consistent decrease in the demand for and 10 out of 71 monotowns (14.08%) from the the manufactured products. These measures also third category are located in these two regions. The imply conversion and reorganization of enterprises list of monotowns from the document [2] is as well as the implementation of selective policy in provided in table 1. monotowns where economic basis can be Self-organization manifests itself in the changed and oriented at meeting market needs initiatives aimed at setting up small and micro and strategic interests of the state. enterprises with the help of federal or regional There exist numerous research works focused programs. These enterprises should not be related on the management of monotown economic to the town-forming enterprise that has lost its key diversification, the establishment of partnership position. However, in situations when people relations between state authorities and private experience difficulties with getting this support, business, and the development of retraining self-organization mainly manifests itself in the form Table 1. The list of monotowns situated in the Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk regions from the Resolution of the Russian Government [2] Category The Sverdlovsk region The Chelyabinsk region No. 1. Monotowns with the most Monotowns Volchansk, Pervouralsk, Monotowns Ust-Katav, Karabash, complicated socio-economic Severouralsk, Karpinsk, Nyazepetrovsk, Asha, Minyar, Verkhny situation Krasnoturyinsk Ufaley, Bakal No. 2. Monotowns with risks of Monotowns Krasnouralsk, Verkhnyaya Monotowns Sim, Satka, Miass, Zlatoust, aggravation of the socio- Tura, Kamensk-Uralsky, Kachkanar, Chebarkul economic situation Verkhnyaya Pyshma, Asbest No. 3. Monotowns with the Monotowns Nizhny Tagil, Verkhnyaya Monotowns Ozyorsk, Tryokhgorny, stable socio-economic situation Salda, Serov, Revda, Polevskoy, Snezhinsk, Magnitogorsk settlement of Malysheva Computación y Sistemas, Vol. 23, No. 4, 2019, pp. 1457–1467 doi: 10.13053/CyS-23-4-3324 ISSN 2007-9737 Systemic1459 Criteria for the Evaluation of the Role of Monofunctional Towns in the Formation of Local Urban... of diurnal labor migration to towns with a larger (1) number of vacancies. Log P(N) = A − K × log N, In the majority of cases, these migration here, P(N) represents population size of a town destinations account for the nearest large cities with rank “n” in the list which is compiled in the characterized by a more stable economic situation. descending order of the parameter P(N). This This accounts for the initial reason for distribution corresponds to the period of the agglomeration processes in regions with a large autonomous development of each town within a number of monotowns. system or region. It should be also taken into account that monotown population possesses an enhanced ability for self-organization. This capability 2 Rank Distribution of Links between manifests itself in the initiatives aimed at: Elements of a Complex System – setting up small and micro enterprises in the Previous research works (P. Makagonov et al., service sector; 2015-2018) demonstrated that in order to evaluate – setting up small and micro enterprises related the degree of perfection of a social system one can to the indirect use of surpluses of the town- use the degree of conformity of the distribution of links between system elements according to forming enterprise (can be referred to as “table the law: scraps”); – migrating to more successful neighboring Log퐺퐹(푁) = A − K × log퐻N, (2) towns, primarily to large neighboring cities. where N is the rank of a system element, F(N) – In many cases, the last-mentioned initiatives parameter characterizing the link of N-element to manifest themselves in the form of development of other system elements, while G, H, A, and K – diurnal commuting migration from places of parameters approximating the dependence of F(N) residence to places of work. on N. Represented in terms of: It is known that urban agglomerations primarily 퐺 퐻 appear on the basis of cities that establish a U = log 퐹(푁) ; 푉 = log N, common manufacturing chain in their economic the dependence (2) takes on the form: operations. This chain, however, can be technically based on the transportation of goods between 푈 = A − K ∗ V , (3) towns forming a spatial cluster where enterprises use raw materials or crude products coming from or, under 푦 = 푙표푔퐹(푁) ; 푥 = 푙표푔N: the neighboring towns. This can result in the manufacturing of the final product within the frames yG=-K×xH +A. (4) of one cluster, for example, high value-added metallurgical products. The feasibility of using the It is proposed to consider the coefficient of scientific potential of monotowns, the determination R2 for the approximation of the rank specialization of which is underpinned by science- distribution of object properties and links between based enterprises is described in the
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