De Goden En Demonen Van De Veda

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De Goden En Demonen Van De Veda Dit document vormt een onderdeel van de website https://www.religies-overzichtelijk.nl Hier vindt u tevens de koppelingen naar de andere teksten en de indexen, de toelichtingen en de afkortingen Laatste bewerking: 26-09-2020 De goden en demonen van de Veda 1 Binnendringen van nomadische volkeren uit het noorden .......................................... 5 1.1 Kenmerken van de Vedische religie (1) ............................................................... 6 1.2 Kenmerken van de Vedische religie (2) ............................................................... 8 1.3 De Indus-cultuur als oorsprong van het Hindoeïsme ................................................ 9 2 De aard van de goden en demonen ....................................................................... 10 2.1 Natuurgoden en abstracte godheden ................................................................ 11 2.1.1 Antropomorfisme .................................................................................... 12 2.1.2 Theriomorfisme en de verering van dieren ..................................................... 13 2.1.3 Animatisme, Sondergötter en abstracte godheden ............................................. 14 2.2 Fetisjisme ................................................................................................ 15 2.3 Animisme en de geesten van de doden ............................................................. 16 2.4 De term ‘deva’ .......................................................................................... 17 3 Vedische kosmologie en kosmogonie ..................................................................... 18 3.1 De voorstellingen over de opbouw van de wereld ................................................ 19 3.2 De oorsprong van de wereld .......................................................................... 20 3.3 Ṛta, de kosmische orde ................................................................................ 21 4 De onderlinge relatie van de goden ....................................................................... 22 4.1 De verdeling van de goden volgens aantallen ..................................................... 23 4.2 De overeenkomst tussen de goden .................................................................. 24 4.3 De verschillen tussen de goden ...................................................................... 25 5 De grote goden van de hemel .............................................................................. 26 5.1 Dyaus, de Vader ......................................................................................... 27 5.2 Varuṇa, Mitra en de Āditya’s .......................................................................... 28 5.2.1 Varuṇa en Mitra ....................................................................................... 29 5.2.2 De Āditya’s ............................................................................................ 30 5.2.3 De natuurlijke basis en de ethiek van Varuṇa (en de Āditya’s) ............................. 31 5.3 Aryaman, Bhaga, Aṃśa en Dakṣa .................................................................... 32 5.4 Sūrya, Savitṛ en Pūṣan ................................................................................. 33 5.5 Viṣṇu ...................................................................................................... 34 5.6 Vivasvat ................................................................................................... 35 5.7 De Aśvins .................................................................................................. 36 5.8 De godin Morgenstond .................................................................................. 37 5.9 De maan .................................................................................................. 38 6 De grote goden van de lucht ................................................................................ 39 6.1 Indra ....................................................................................................... 40 6.1.1 Indra, algemeen overzicht ......................................................................... 41 6.1.2 Uiterlijkheden, relaties en oorsprong van Indra ............................................... 43 6.1.3 Indra’s heldendaad: de vernietiging van Vṛtra ................................................. 44 6.1.4 Indra en de slachting van Viśvarūpa .............................................................. 45 6.1.5 Indra en de slachting van de Paṇi’s .............................................................. 46 6.1.6 Indra als oorlogsgod ................................................................................. 47 6.1.7 Andere daden van Indra ............................................................................ 48 6.2 Trita Āptya ............................................................................................... 49 6.3 Apāṃnapāt ............................................................................................... 50 6.4 Ahirbudhnya ............................................................................................. 51 6.5 Aja Ekapad ............................................................................................... 52 6.6 Mātariśvan ............................................................................................... 53 6.7 Vāyu en Vāta ............................................................................................. 54 6.8 Parjanya .................................................................................................. 55 6.9 De Wateren .............................................................................................. 56 6.10 Rudra ...................................................................................................... 57 6.10.1 Algemene kenmerken van Rudra ............................................................... 58 6.10.2 Rudra in de literatuur ............................................................................ 59 6.10.3 Oorspronkelijk karakter van Rudra ............................................................ 61 6.10.4 Rudra’s ontwikkeling ............................................................................. 62 6.11 De Maruts of Rudra’s .................................................................................... 63 6.11.1 Kenmerken van de Maruts ....................................................................... 64 6.11.2 De Maruts in de literatuur ...................................................................... 65 7 De grote goden van de aarde ............................................................................... 66 7.1 Agni ........................................................................................................ 67 7.1.1 Agni, algemeen overzicht (1) ....................................................................... 68 7.1.2 Agni, algemeen overzicht (2) ...................................................................... 69 7.1.3 Plaatsen van geboorte en meervoudigheid van Agni .......................................... 70 7.1.4 Functies van Agni .................................................................................... 71 7.1.5 Agni’s IE achtergrond en ontwikkeling............................................................ 73 7.1.6 Bṛhaspati en andere gedaanten van Agni ........................................................ 74 7.2 De god Soma .............................................................................................. 76 7.2.1 Algemene kenmerken van Soma ................................................................... 77 7.2.2 Concretica en abstracta i.v.m. Soma/soma .................................................... 78 7.2.3 De tweevoudigheid van Soma/soma .............................................................. 79 7.2.4 Soma’s ontwikkeling van plant tot maangod ................................................... 80 7.2.5 De soma-cultus in de Avesta en de Ṛg Veda .................................................... 81 7.3 Rivieren, aarde en zee als godheden ............................................................... 82 8 De lagere natuurgoden ....................................................................................... 84 8.1 De Ṛbhu’s en de Ṛtu’s .................................................................................. 85 8.1.1 De Ṛbhu’s, algemeen overzicht ................................................................... 86 8.1.2 De Ṛbhu’s in de literatuur .......................................................................... 87 8.1.3 Oorspronkelijk karakter van de Ṛbhu’s .......................................................... 88 8.2 De Gandharva’s en de apsarasa’s ..................................................................... 89 8.2.1 De Gandharva’s in de literatuur .................................................................. 90 8.2.2 Oorspronkelijk karakter van de Gandharva’s ................................................... 91 8.2.3 De apsarasa’s in de literatuur ..................................................................... 92 8.3 Geesten van het woud, de bomen en de planten ................................................. 94 8.4 Geesten van de landbouw, de weide en de bergen .............................................. 95 8.5 Godheden van het huis en goddelijke voorwerpen ............................................... 96 8.6 Goddelijke dieren .....................................................................................
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