DOCSLIB.ORG

Clay Mineralogy, Provenance, and Sequence Stratigraphy of Upper Ordovician Shales in Eastern

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Clay Mineralogy, Provenance, and Sequence Stratigraphy of Upper Ordovician Shales in Eastern Clay Mineralogy, Provenance, and Sequence Stratigraphy of Upper Ordovician Shales in Eastern Ohio A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science Devin R. Fitzgerald April 2016 © 2016 Devin R. Fitzgerald. All Rights Reserved. 2 This thesis titled Clay Mineralogy, Provenance, and Sequence Stratigraphy of Upper Ordovician Shales in Eastern Ohio by DEVIN R. FITZGERALD has been approved for the Department of Geological Sciences and The College of Arts and Sciences by Gregory Nadon Associate Professor of Geological Sciences Robert Frank Dean, College of Arts and Sciences 3 ABSTRACT FITZGERALD, DEVIN R., M.S., April 2016, Geological Sciences Clay Mineralogy, Provenance, and Sequence Stratigraphy of Upper Ordovician Shales in Eastern Ohio. Director of Thesis: Gregory Nadon A combination of x-ray diffraction analyses of core data and spectral gamma ray logs were used to interpret the largely shale succession of the Late Ordovician between the top of the Trenton Limestone and the Queenston Shale in the subsurface of east-central Ohio. The four county study area is within the back-bulge region of the foreland basin associated with the Taconic Orogeny. The XRD data from the basal portion of the section reveal an increase upward in chlorite and quartz along with a decrease in carbonate, which is consistent with an increase in detrital rather than authigenic clays. Detrital chlorite is a common clay mineral in sediments shed from mountain belts and the appearance of the clay allows constraints to be placed on the transition from under to overfilled foreland basin. Correlation of six 4th-order sequences from 300 wells allowed construction of isopach maps throughout the 450 m interval. The isopach maps show that subsidence across the area was consistent and augmented by some combination of compaction over pre-existing structural and depositional features. 4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author wishes to recognize first and foremost, Eastern Mountain Fuel, the company that has employed and paid for this research project and a full time opportunity on completion of the research. Eastern Mountain Fuel’s owner/geologist Bob Thomas has provided me with guidance, opportunity, and encouragement. I appreciate his never ending enthusiasm for the industry and academic side of Geology. I also want to thank geologist Tom Thomas (EMF) for his support and help when problems arise with my GeoGraphix Software, and for being extremely helpful in creating the files to be easily used and analyzed within the data section. Eastern Mountain Fuel has employed me since 2011, and I am extremely grateful for all the opportunities they have given me. I also want to acknowledge Artex Energy Group for helping to provide all data necessary in this research project including funding. I look forward to working as a team over many years to come in the Appalachian Basin. In addition to my employers this thesis would not have been possible without the assistance of Dr. Greg Nadon, my advisor on the research project. I thank you for being particularly patient with me over the last two years in the finishing of this project. Your knowledge of sedimentology, tectonics, and sequence stratigraphy has been wonderful in helping me develop my skills. A big thank you also goes out to my committee members Dr. Kidder and Dr. Nance for their advice on the research. Another thank you to Ohio University professor Dr. Gierlowski- Kordesch for making me read and write so many papers that advanced my knowledge of broad, complex sedimentary processes and environments. Lastly, I would like to acknowledge my friends and family for being so persistent with me during my time at Ohio University and my entire academic career. Without your love and continuing support I would not be in the position I am today. 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Abstract………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………3 Acknowledgments……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...4 List of Tables……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….7 List of Figures………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………8 Chapter 1: Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………..................10 Chapter 2: Previous Studies………………………………………………………………………………………………………13 2.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………………………13 2.2 Upper Ordovician Stratigraphy of East-Central Ohio……………………………………………….13 2.2.1 Trenton/Lexington Limestone………………………………………………………………...13 2.2.2 Point Pleasant Shale………………………………………………………………………………..17 2.2.3 Utica Shale………………………………………………………………………………………………17 2.2.4 Kope Formation………………………………………………………………………………………19 2.2.5 Cincinnati Group……………………………………………………………………………………..19 2.2.6 Queenston Shale…………………………………………………………………………………….20 2.3 Sequence Stratigraphy……………………………………………………………………………………………20 2.4 Tectonics………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..23 2.5 Clay Mineralogy………………………………………………………………………………………………………25 Chapter 3: Methodology……………………………………………………………………………………………………………30 3.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………………………30 3.2 Well Logs………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..30 3.3 XRD Data………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..33 6 Page 3.4 Well Log Evaluation of Mineralogy………………………………………………………………………….34 Chapter 4: Results…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….41 4.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………………………41 4.2 Correlation of Lithofacies……………………………………………………………………………………….41 4.3 Isopach Maps………………………………………………………………………………………………………….46 4.4 Sequence Stratigraphy……………………………………………………………………………………………57 4.5 XRD Mineral Abundance Data…………………………………………………………………………………60 4.6 Well Log Analysis of Clay Mineralogy………………………………………………………………………64 Chapter 5: Discussion………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..70 5.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………………………70 5.2 The Creation of Infilling of Accommodation……………………………………………………………70 5.3 Provenance…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….70 Chapter 6: Conclusions……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..76 References ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….........77 Appendix A: XRD Data……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….82 Appendix B: Wells………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………87 7 LIST OF TABLES Page Table 3.1: Summary of Log Functions………………………………………………………………………………………..40 Table 4.1: Average Thickness…………………………………………………………………………………………………….45 Table 4.2: XRD LePage……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….63 8 LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1.1: Map of Study Area…………………………………………………………………………………………………..12 Figure 2.1: Stratigraphic Equivalents in the Appalachian Basin………………………………………………….14 Figure 2.2: Depositional Setting…………………………………………………………………………………………………15 Figure 2.3: LePage #1 Cored Interval…………………………………………………………………………………………18 Figure 2.4: Sequence Stratigraphic Diagram………………………………………………………………………………21 Figure 2.5: Contacts of the clastic wedge of the Upper Ordovician…………………….……………………..22 Figure 2.6: Foreland Basin Evolution…………………………………………………………………………………………24 Figure 2.7: Dynamic Subsidence……………………………………………………………………………………………....26 Figure 2.8: Clay Minerals Chart………………………………………………………………………………………………….28 Figure 3.1: Map of Data Points………………………………………………………………………………………………….31 Figure 3.2: Example of XRD Data……………………………………………………………………………………………….35 Figure 3.3: Quirein et al. (1982) Clay Mineralogy Chart……………………………………………………………..36 Figure 3.4: Corrected Gamma-Ray…………………………………………………………………………………………….37 Figure 3.5: Study Outline…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..39 Figure 4.1: Utica/Point Pleasant Lithostratigraphy………………………………………………………………….…43 Figure 4.2: Average Percent Minerals……………………………………………………………………………………….44 Figure 4.3: Point Pleasant Isopach…………………………………………………………………………………………….47 Figure 4.4: Utica Isopach…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..48 Figure 4.5: Mud A Isopach…………………………………………………………………………………………………………49 Figure 4.6: Mud B Isopach…………………………………………………………………………………………………………50 9 Page Figure 4.7: Mud C Isopach………………………………………………………………………………………………………...51 Figure 4.8: Mud D Isopach…………………………………………………………………………………………………………52 Figure 4.9: Queenston Isopach………………………………………………………………………………………………….53 Figure 4.10: Total Sequence Isopach…………………………………………………………………………………………54 Figure 4.11: Thickness Trends Summary …………………………………………………………………………………..55 Figure 4.12: Appalachian structural trends………………………………………………………………………………..56 Figure 4.13: Sequence Stratigraphy Concepts……………………………………………………………………………58 Figure 4.14: Upper Ordovician Sequence Stratigraphy………………………………………………………………61 Figure 4.15: Sequence Stratigraphy Cored Interval……………………………………………………………………62 Figure 4.16: Spectral Gamma-Ray Plots…………………………………………………………………………………….65 Figure 4.17: Illite vs. Gamma-ray…….…………………………………………………………………………………………66 Figure 4.18: Clay minerals vs. Quartz……………………………………………………………………………………….68 Figure 4.19: Clay Minerals Plot…...................................................................................................69 Figure 5.1: Depositional Model…………………………………………………………………………………………………74 Figure 5.2: Global Sea Level………………………………………………………………………………………………………75 10 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION The sedimentary rock record is dominated by mudstones (Blatt, 1982). These fine- grained sedimentary rocks can serve as sources, reservoirs, and seals of hydrocarbons; influence the flow of groundwater; and can be rich in metals (Bohacs and Lazar, 2010). Investigation of “shales” or “mudrocks” can provide information about provenance, climate, and sea level rise and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Fractured Shale Gas Potential in New York
    FRACTURED SHALE GAS POTENTIAL IN NEW YORK David G. HILL and Tracy E. LOMBARDI TICORA Geosciences, Inc., Arvada, Colorado, USA John P. MARTIN New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, Albany, New York, USA ABSTRACT In 1821, a shallow well drilled in the Devonian age shale ushered in a new era for the United States when natural gas was produced, transported and sold to local establishments in the town of Fredonia, New York. Following this discovery, hundreds of shallow shale wells were drilled along the Lake Erie shoreline and eventually several shale gas fields were established southeastward from the lake in the late 1800’s. Since the mid 1900’s, approximately 100 wells have been drilled in New York to test the fractured shale potential of the Devonian and Silurian age shales. With so few wells drilled over the past century, the true potential of fractured shale reservoirs has not been thoroughly assessed, and there may be a substantial resource. While the resource for shale gas in New York is large, ranging from 163-313 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) and the history of production dates back over 180 years, it has not been a major contributor to natural gas production in New York. A review of the history and research conducted on the shales shows that the resource in New York is poorly understood and has not been adequately tested. Other shales such as the Silurian and Ordovician Utica Shale may also hold promise as new commercial shale gas reservoirs. Experience developing shale gas plays in the past 20 years has demonstrated that every shale play is unique.
    [Show full text]
  • Washington State Minerals Checklist
    Division of Geology and Earth Resources MS 47007; Olympia, WA 98504-7007 Washington State 360-902-1450; 360-902-1785 fax E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.dnr.wa.gov/geology Minerals Checklist Note: Mineral names in parentheses are the preferred species names. Compiled by Raymond Lasmanis o Acanthite o Arsenopalladinite o Bustamite o Clinohumite o Enstatite o Harmotome o Actinolite o Arsenopyrite o Bytownite o Clinoptilolite o Epidesmine (Stilbite) o Hastingsite o Adularia o Arsenosulvanite (Plagioclase) o Clinozoisite o Epidote o Hausmannite (Orthoclase) o Arsenpolybasite o Cairngorm (Quartz) o Cobaltite o Epistilbite o Hedenbergite o Aegirine o Astrophyllite o Calamine o Cochromite o Epsomite o Hedleyite o Aenigmatite o Atacamite (Hemimorphite) o Coffinite o Erionite o Hematite o Aeschynite o Atokite o Calaverite o Columbite o Erythrite o Hemimorphite o Agardite-Y o Augite o Calciohilairite (Ferrocolumbite) o Euchroite o Hercynite o Agate (Quartz) o Aurostibite o Calcite, see also o Conichalcite o Euxenite o Hessite o Aguilarite o Austinite Manganocalcite o Connellite o Euxenite-Y o Heulandite o Aktashite o Onyx o Copiapite o o Autunite o Fairchildite Hexahydrite o Alabandite o Caledonite o Copper o o Awaruite o Famatinite Hibschite o Albite o Cancrinite o Copper-zinc o o Axinite group o Fayalite Hillebrandite o Algodonite o Carnelian (Quartz) o Coquandite o o Azurite o Feldspar group Hisingerite o Allanite o Cassiterite o Cordierite o o Barite o Ferberite Hongshiite o Allanite-Ce o Catapleiite o Corrensite o o Bastnäsite
    [Show full text]
  • Mapping Phyllosilicates and Aqueous Alteration Products at Tyrrhena Terra, Mars
    52nd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference 2021 (LPI Contrib. No. 2548) 1323.pdf MAPPING PHYLLOSILICATES AND AQUEOUS ALTERATION PRODUCTS AT TYRRHENA TERRA, MARS. F. H. Grant1 and J. L. Bishop2, 1University of California, Los Angeles (Los Angeles, CA; [email protected]), 2SETI Institute (Mountain View, CA). Summary: Outcrops of phyllosilicates and small sites of less common aqueous alteration minerals were mapped at Tyrrhena Terra on Mars using CRISM pa- rameters, and CRISM spectral data were collected to more closely analyze the mineralogy in this region. Fe- and Mg-rich smectite and chlorite group phyllosilicates are both detected at Tyrrhena Terra, including sapo- nite, chamosite, and clinochlore. Zeolites and car- bonates are among the rarer alteration minerals also observed at Tyrrhena Terra that further constrain the alteration history in this region. More chlorite than smectite is observed, indicating higher temperature alteration processes occurred at Tyrrhena Terra. Introduction: Tyrrhena Terra is a region in the southern hemisphere of Mars, between the Isidis and Hellas impact basins and south of Libya Montes. The selected study site (Fig. 1) is of particular interest be- cause it has a large concentration of phyllosilicate minerals exposed on the surface, among small outcrops of rarer aqueous alteration minerals [1]. Phyllosilicates are a crucial mineral group to study when striving to understand the aqueous alteration history of a region. Less common aqueous alteration minerals, including zeolite, carbonate, and hydrated sulfates, are also im- portant to further constrain the alteration history of a region [2]. For this research project, we focused pri- marily on identifying the phyllosilicate minerals smec- tite and chlorite.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 4 GEOLOGY
    Chapter 4 GEOLOGY CHAPTER 4 GEOLOGY ...................................................................................................................................... 4‐1 4.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................ 4‐2 4.2 BLACK SHALES ................................................................................................................................................. 4‐3 4.3 UTICA SHALE ................................................................................................................................................... 4‐6 4.3.2 Thermal Maturity and Fairways ...................................................................................................... 4‐14 4.3.3 Potential for Gas Production ............................................................................................................ 4‐14 4.4 MARCELLUS FORMATION ................................................................................................................................. 4‐15 4.4.1 Total Organic Carbon ....................................................................................................................... 4‐17 4.4.2 Thermal Maturity and Fairways ...................................................................................................... 4‐17 4.4.3 Potential for Gas Production ...........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Marcellus/Utica Shale
    Marcellus/Utica Shale Presented by Jeff Wlahofsky Jay Meglich George Adams Discussion Topics • Common Industry Terms and Definitions • Video of Horizontal Drilling Process • Overview of Geology Differences Between Marcellus and Utica Shale • Background Regarding Marcellus Activity in PA • Current State of the Shale Gas Industry • Planning Opportunities for Income Deferral or Capital Gain Tax Treatment 2 Industry Terms and Definitions • Abandoned Well – A well no longer in use; a dry hole that, in most states, must be properly plugged • Bonus – Usually, the bonus is the money paid by the lessee for the execution of an oil and gas lease by the landowner. Another form is called an oil or royalty bonus. This may be in the form of an overriding royalty reserved to the landowner in addition to the usual one‐eighth or 12.5% royalty. • Christmas Tree – An assembly of valves mounted on the casing head through which a well is produced. The Christmas tree also contains valves for testing the well and for shutting it in if necessary. The “Christmas Tree” includes blow‐out preventer valves. 3 Industry Terms and Definitions (cont’d) • Completion – To finish a well so that it is ready to produce oil or gas. After reaching total depth (T.D.), casing is run and cemented; casing is perforated opposite the producing zone, tubing is run, and control and flow valves are installed at the wellhead. Well completions vary according to the kind of well, depth, and the formation from which the well is to produce 4 Industry Terms and Definitions (cont’d) • Delay Rentals – These are amounts paid to the lessor for the privilege of deferring the commencement of a well on the lease.
    [Show full text]
  • Metamorphic and Metasomatic Kyanite-Bearing Mineral
    Metamorphic and Metasomatic Kyanite-Bearing Mineral Assemblages of Thassos Island (Rhodope, Greece) Alexandre Tarantola, Panagiotis Voudouris, Aurélien Eglinger, Christophe Scheffer, Kimberly Trebus, Marie Bitte, Benjamin Rondeau, Constantinos Mavrogonatos, Ian Graham, Marius Etienne, et al. To cite this version: Alexandre Tarantola, Panagiotis Voudouris, Aurélien Eglinger, Christophe Scheffer, Kimberly Tre- bus, et al.. Metamorphic and Metasomatic Kyanite-Bearing Mineral Assemblages of Thassos Island (Rhodope, Greece). Minerals, MDPI, 2019, 10.3390/min9040252. hal-02932247 HAL Id: hal-02932247 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02932247 Submitted on 7 Sep 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. minerals Article Metamorphic and Metasomatic Kyanite-Bearing Mineral Assemblages of Thassos Island (Rhodope, Greece) Alexandre Tarantola 1,* , Panagiotis Voudouris 2 , Aurélien Eglinger 1, Christophe Scheffer 1,3, Kimberly Trebus 1, Marie Bitte 1, Benjamin Rondeau 4 , Constantinos Mavrogonatos 2 , Ian Graham 5, Marius Etienne 1 and Chantal Peiffert
    [Show full text]
  • Regional Drilling Activity and Production
    (Sections) 2.0 REGIONAL DRILLING ACTIVITY AND PRODUCTION Naming Convention: 2-digit state code/3-digit county code/5-character identifier Example: 37027_OC12 (Pennsylvania, Butler County, Outcrop Sample 12) For all other wells, the file naming convention leads with the API number. The leading API number/Project ID is then followed by the code for the file category or categories under which the data are classified. For a standard file containing information on a single well or sample, the following naming convention is used: Naming Convention: API number or Project ID_File Type Code(s)_Optional Description Example: 34003636910000_SRA_TOC_BP_Chemical_Plant_Well_4.xls As of July 9, 2014, there were 5696 files organized under this naming convention. In addition to these files, there were an additional 35 files that contain data for multiple wells. These files, which are often final results of data analyzed by service companies or consultants, can contain results for many different wells or samples. For these document types, the following naming convention is used: Naming Convention: 2-digit state code/000/MLTPL_File Type Codes_Optional Description Example: 34000MLTPL_SRA_TOC_XRD_OvertonEnergy.pdf Individual wells contained in the file are stored in a second table, which is linked by the file name, allowing the user to search by any of the individual API numbers/Project IDs contained within the multiple well file. As the data collected, generated, and interpreted by the research team became finalized, new file categories were created and populated with project results. In addition, a general file with all header data was created, allowing users to import project wells into various subsurface mapping programs.
    [Show full text]
  • Where in New York Are the Marcellus and Utica Shales??
    Where in New York are the Marcellus and Utica Shales?? How do they get to the gas resource and how do they get the gas out of the ground? What are the concerns about this entire process and what can/should we do about it? Schlumberger, Inc Depth and extent of the Marcellus Shale Marcellus, NY type section Source – dSGEIS, 2009 East-West Geologic Section of the Marcellus Shale Across Southern New York Thickening of Oatka Creek Thinning of Oatka Creek Lash and Engelder, 2009 and Union Springs members North-South Geologic Section Across New York State Source – dSGEIS, 2009 Source – dSGEIS, 2009 Medina SS Central/ Western NY Marcellus Stratigraphy Oatka Creek Cherry Valley Union Springs Oil and Gas wells are not new in Pennsylvania and New York……. …and there are different regulations in and within each state. Multiple steel casings with high-strength cement to isolate well from surrounding aquifers and bedrock units. What is different about Marcellus/Utica shale gas development? East-northeast trending J1 fractures more closely spaced and cross-cut by less well- developed, northwest-trending J2 fractures Dual porosity gas reservoir where fractures drain rapidly and matrix drain slowly Drill horizontal wells to the north-northwest, or south- southeast that cross and Free gas and adsorbed drain densely developed J1 gas in matrix fractures Connect matrix porosity to the wellbore by intersecting multiple J1 fractures Marcellus Shale Gas Development Horizontal Drilling in Black Shale with High-Volume Hydraulic Fracturing 3,500 ft 3,500 4,000 ft Meyer (2009) Meyer (2009) Microseismic Monitoring of Hydraulic Fracturing “Typical” Drillpad Design Water-source pond Drill cuttings pond Drilling Phase – drillrig, pumps, supplies, frack tanks (a month or two) Hydro-fracking Phase – (a week or two) Injection pumps, supplies, and many frack tanks for fresh and flowback waters Where do you get the water for fracking? Inter- basin Trans- fer Each source has its own set of concerns…….
    [Show full text]
  • XRF Workshop Book
    Workshop Materials (1 of 2) Table of Contents Workshop Materials (book 1 of 2) Page Agenda 1 Welcome Presentation (Steve Kaczmarek) 3 Lectures Introduction to the Chemistry of Rocks and Minerals (Peter Voice) 7 Geology of Michigan (Bill Harrison) 22 XRF Theory (Steve Kaczmarek) 44 Student Research Posters Silurian A-1 Carbonate (Matt Hemenway) 56 Silurian Burnt Bluff Group (Mohamed Al Musawi) 58 Classroom Activities Powder Problem 60 Fossil Free For All 69 Bridge to Nowhere 76 Get to Know Your Pet Rock 90 Forensic XRF 92 Alien Agua 96 Appendices (book 2 of 2) Appendix A: MGRRE Factsheet 105 Appendix B: Michigan Natural Resources Statistics 107 Appendix C: CoreKids Outreach Program 126 Appendix D: Graphing & Statistical Analysis Activity 138 Appendix E: K-12 Science Performance Expectations 144 Appendix F: Workshop Evaluation Form 179 Workshop Facilitators Bridging the Gap between Geology & Chemistry Sponsored by the Western Michigan University, the Michigan Geological Repository for Research and Education, and the U.S. National Science Foundation This workshop is for educators interested in learning more about the chemistry of geologic materials. Wednesday, August 9, 2017 (8 am - 5 pm) Tentative Agenda 8:00-8:20: Welcome (Steve Kaczmarek) Agenda, Safety, & Introductions 8:20-8:50: Introduction to Geological Materials (Peter Voice) An introduction to rocks, minerals, and their elemental chemistry 8:50-9:00: Questions/Discussion 9:00-9:30: Introduction to MI Basin Geology (Bill Harrison) An introduction to the common rock types and economic
    [Show full text]
  • Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Study of Chlorite Minerals
    Hindawi Journal of Spectroscopy Volume 2018, Article ID 6958260, 11 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6958260 Research Article Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Study of Chlorite Minerals 1,2 2 2 3 1 3 Min Yang , Meifang Ye, Haihui Han, Guangli Ren, Ling Han, and Zhuan Zhang 1School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710061, China 2Xi’an Centre of China Geological Survey, Xi’an 710054, China 3Key Laboratory for Geohazards in Loess Areas, Chinese Ministry of Land and Resources, Xi’an 710054, China Correspondence should be addressed to Min Yang; [email protected] Received 3 September 2017; Accepted 3 December 2017; Published 26 February 2018 Academic Editor: Juan A. Cecilia Copyright © 2018 Min Yang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The mineral chemistry of twenty chlorite samples from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) spectral library and two other regions, having a wide range of Fe and Mg contents and relatively constant Al and Si contents, was studied via infrared (IR) spectroscopy, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis. Five absorption features of the − − twenty samples near 4525, 4440, 4361, 4270, and 4182 cm 1 were observed, and two diagnostic features at 4440 and 4280 cm 1 were recognized. Assignments of the two diagnostic features were made for two combination bands ( ν + δ AlAl O−OH and ν + δ SiAl O−OH) by regression with IR fundamental absorptions.
    [Show full text]
  • Alphabetical List
    LIST L - MINERALS - ALPHABETICAL LIST Specific mineral Group name Specific mineral Group name acanthite sulfides asbolite oxides accessory minerals astrophyllite chain silicates actinolite clinoamphibole atacamite chlorides adamite arsenates augite clinopyroxene adularia alkali feldspar austinite arsenates aegirine clinopyroxene autunite phosphates aegirine-augite clinopyroxene awaruite alloys aenigmatite aenigmatite group axinite group sorosilicates aeschynite niobates azurite carbonates agate silica minerals babingtonite rhodonite group aikinite sulfides baddeleyite oxides akaganeite oxides barbosalite phosphates akermanite melilite group barite sulfates alabandite sulfides barium feldspar feldspar group alabaster barium silicates silicates albite plagioclase barylite sorosilicates alexandrite oxides bassanite sulfates allanite epidote group bastnaesite carbonates and fluorides alloclasite sulfides bavenite chain silicates allophane clay minerals bayerite oxides almandine garnet group beidellite clay minerals alpha quartz silica minerals beraunite phosphates alstonite carbonates berndtite sulfides altaite tellurides berryite sulfosalts alum sulfates berthierine serpentine group aluminum hydroxides oxides bertrandite sorosilicates aluminum oxides oxides beryl ring silicates alumohydrocalcite carbonates betafite niobates and tantalates alunite sulfates betekhtinite sulfides amazonite alkali feldspar beudantite arsenates and sulfates amber organic minerals bideauxite chlorides and fluorides amblygonite phosphates biotite mica group amethyst
    [Show full text]
  • Medellín Dunite” Published Online 24 April 2020 Revisited: an Algebraic Approach and Proposal
    Volume 2 Quaternary Chapter 2 Neogene https://doi.org/10.32685/pub.esp.36.2019.02 The Petrologic Nature of the “Medellín Dunite” Published online 24 April 2020 Revisited: An Algebraic Approach and Proposal of a New Definition of the Geological Body Paleogene Antonio GARCIA–CASCO1* , Jorge Julián RESTREPO2 , 1 [email protected] Universidad de Granada 3 4 Ana María CORREA–MARTÍNEZ , Idael Francisco BLANCO–QUINTERO , Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología Avenida Fuente Nueva s/n, 18079 5 6 7 Cretaceous Joaquín Antonio PROENZA , Marion WEBER , and Lidia BUTJOSA Granada, España Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra, Abstract The “Medellín Dunite”, the main ultramafic body of the Central Cordillera of CSIC–UGR Avenida de las Palmeras, 4, 18100 Armilla Colombia, constitutes a fragment of oceanic lithospheric mantle formed at a back–arc Granada, España basin/incipient arc scenario emplaced onto the western continental margin of Pangaea 2 [email protected] Universidad Nacional de Colombia Jurassic during Triassic time. This body has been classically, and is still considered, mainly of Sede Medellín dunite composition. However, in spite of two subsequent metamorphic imprints that GEMMA Research Group Medellín, Colombiaa obscure the primary mantle mineralogical composition, there is petrographic and geo- 3 [email protected] chemical evidence that points to a harzburgitic nature of the unit. In order to overcome Universidade de Brasília Instituto de Geociências Triassic the petrographic effects of medium–T metamorphism, metasomatism, and serpentini- Servicio Geológico Colombiano zation, we analyzed published and new major–element geochemical data by means of Dirección de Geociencias Básicas Grupo de Estudios Geológicos Especiales algebraic methods to approximate the mantle mineralogical composition of ultramafic Calle 75 n.° 79A–51 Medellín, Colombia rocks.
    [Show full text]