Metamorphic and Metasomatic Kyanite-Bearing Mineral
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Elimination of Ferric Ion Effect on Separation Between Kyanite and Quartz Using Citric Acid As Regulator
minerals Article Elimination of Ferric Ion Effect on Separation between Kyanite and Quartz Using Citric Acid as Regulator Yanping Niu 1, Ya Li 1, Haoran Sun 2,*, Chuanyao Sun 3, Wanzhong Yin 2 and Hongfeng Xu 4 1 Heilongjiang Province Geology Ore Test and Application Institute, Harbin 150000, China; [email protected] (Y.N.); [email protected] (Y.L.) 2 College of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110816, China; [email protected] 3 State Key Laboratory of Mineral Processing, BGRIMM Technology Group, Beijing 100160, China; [email protected] 4 Heilongjiang Mining Group Co., Ltd., Harbin 150000, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-188-4250-4743 Abstract: Ferric ions produced during grinding influence the flotation separation between kyanite and quartz adversely. In this study, citric acid was used as a regulator to eliminate the effect of ferric ions on the separation of kyanite from quartz with sodium oleate (NaOL) as a collector. The microflotation test results indicated that the quartz was selectively activated by FeCl3 and maintained significant quartz recovery. However, the citric acid could selectively eliminate the effect of ferric ions on the quartz and minimally influenced the kyanite. Contact angle tests demonstrated that FeCl significantly increased the interaction between NaOL and quartz, resulting in the high 3 hydrophobicity of quartz, and the addition of citric acid made the quartz surface hydrophilic again but slightly influenced the kyanite. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed that FeCl Citation: Niu, Y.; Li, Y.; Sun, H.; Sun, 3 C.; Yin, W.; Xu, H. Elimination of facilitated NaOL adsorption onto the quartz surface, and the addition of citric acid eliminated the Ferric Ion Effect on Separation activation of FeCl3 on the quartz, resulting in the nonadsorption of NaOL onto the quartz surface. -
2020 Issued by Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion Or Belief Purpose Preparation for the Report to the 46Th Session of Human Rights Council
Avrupa Batı Trakya Türk Federasyonu Föderation der West-Thrakien Türken in Europa Federation of Western Thrace Turks in Europe Ευρωπαϊκή Ομοσπονδία Τούρκων Δυτικής Θράκης Fédération des Turcs de Thrace Occidentale en Europe NGO in Special Consultative Status with the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations Member of the Fundamental Rights Platform (FRP) of the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights Member of the Federal Union of European Nationalities (FUEN) Call for input: Report on Anti-Muslim Hatred and Discrimination Deadline 30 November 2020 Issued by Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief Purpose Preparation for the report to the 46th Session of Human Rights Council Submitted by: Name of the Organization: Federation of Western Thrace Turks in Europe (ABTTF) Main contact person(s): Mrs. Melek Kırmacı Arık E-mail: [email protected] 1. Please provide information on what you understand by the terms Islamophobia and anti-Muslim hatred; on the intersection between anti-Muslim hatred, racism and xenophobia and on the historical and modern contexts, including geopolitical, socio-and religious factors, of anti-Muslim hatred. There are numerous definitions of Islamophobia which are influenced by different theoretical approaches. The Foundation for Political, Economic and Social Research, which annualy publish European Islamophobia Report, uses the working definition of Islamophobia that theorizes Islamophobia as anti-Muslim racism. The Foundation notes that Islamophobia is about a dominant group of people aiming at seizing, stabilizing and widening their power by means of defining a scapegoat – real or invented – and excluding this scapegoat from the resources/rights/definition of a constructed ‘we’. -
Washington State Minerals Checklist
Division of Geology and Earth Resources MS 47007; Olympia, WA 98504-7007 Washington State 360-902-1450; 360-902-1785 fax E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.dnr.wa.gov/geology Minerals Checklist Note: Mineral names in parentheses are the preferred species names. Compiled by Raymond Lasmanis o Acanthite o Arsenopalladinite o Bustamite o Clinohumite o Enstatite o Harmotome o Actinolite o Arsenopyrite o Bytownite o Clinoptilolite o Epidesmine (Stilbite) o Hastingsite o Adularia o Arsenosulvanite (Plagioclase) o Clinozoisite o Epidote o Hausmannite (Orthoclase) o Arsenpolybasite o Cairngorm (Quartz) o Cobaltite o Epistilbite o Hedenbergite o Aegirine o Astrophyllite o Calamine o Cochromite o Epsomite o Hedleyite o Aenigmatite o Atacamite (Hemimorphite) o Coffinite o Erionite o Hematite o Aeschynite o Atokite o Calaverite o Columbite o Erythrite o Hemimorphite o Agardite-Y o Augite o Calciohilairite (Ferrocolumbite) o Euchroite o Hercynite o Agate (Quartz) o Aurostibite o Calcite, see also o Conichalcite o Euxenite o Hessite o Aguilarite o Austinite Manganocalcite o Connellite o Euxenite-Y o Heulandite o Aktashite o Onyx o Copiapite o o Autunite o Fairchildite Hexahydrite o Alabandite o Caledonite o Copper o o Awaruite o Famatinite Hibschite o Albite o Cancrinite o Copper-zinc o o Axinite group o Fayalite Hillebrandite o Algodonite o Carnelian (Quartz) o Coquandite o o Azurite o Feldspar group Hisingerite o Allanite o Cassiterite o Cordierite o o Barite o Ferberite Hongshiite o Allanite-Ce o Catapleiite o Corrensite o o Bastnäsite -
Mapping Phyllosilicates and Aqueous Alteration Products at Tyrrhena Terra, Mars
52nd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference 2021 (LPI Contrib. No. 2548) 1323.pdf MAPPING PHYLLOSILICATES AND AQUEOUS ALTERATION PRODUCTS AT TYRRHENA TERRA, MARS. F. H. Grant1 and J. L. Bishop2, 1University of California, Los Angeles (Los Angeles, CA; [email protected]), 2SETI Institute (Mountain View, CA). Summary: Outcrops of phyllosilicates and small sites of less common aqueous alteration minerals were mapped at Tyrrhena Terra on Mars using CRISM pa- rameters, and CRISM spectral data were collected to more closely analyze the mineralogy in this region. Fe- and Mg-rich smectite and chlorite group phyllosilicates are both detected at Tyrrhena Terra, including sapo- nite, chamosite, and clinochlore. Zeolites and car- bonates are among the rarer alteration minerals also observed at Tyrrhena Terra that further constrain the alteration history in this region. More chlorite than smectite is observed, indicating higher temperature alteration processes occurred at Tyrrhena Terra. Introduction: Tyrrhena Terra is a region in the southern hemisphere of Mars, between the Isidis and Hellas impact basins and south of Libya Montes. The selected study site (Fig. 1) is of particular interest be- cause it has a large concentration of phyllosilicate minerals exposed on the surface, among small outcrops of rarer aqueous alteration minerals [1]. Phyllosilicates are a crucial mineral group to study when striving to understand the aqueous alteration history of a region. Less common aqueous alteration minerals, including zeolite, carbonate, and hydrated sulfates, are also im- portant to further constrain the alteration history of a region [2]. For this research project, we focused pri- marily on identifying the phyllosilicate minerals smec- tite and chlorite. -
Some Uncommon Sapphire “Imitations”: Blue Co-Zirconia, Kyanite & Blue Dumortierite Dr Michael S
Some Uncommon Sapphire “Imitations”: Blue Co-zirconia, Kyanite & Blue Dumortierite Dr Michael S. Krzemnicki Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF [email protected] 筆者滙報數個瑞士珠寶研究院(SSEF)近期收到 in the ring showed a negative RI reading 要求鑑證的藍色寶石,經檢測後確定其中包括 (above 1.79), an isotropic optical character 一些非常罕見的藍寶石模擬石:含錮氧化鋯、 (polariscope) and thus no pleochroism at all. 藍晶石及藍線石等。 Under the microscope, we saw no inclusions, however a slightly greenish reaction under Sapphires are among the most abundant gems the LWSW and there was a weaker similar we receive at the Swiss Gemmological Institute reaction under SWUV lamps. Based on these (SSEF) for testing. From time to time, however, properties and a chemical analysis by X-ray we are quite surprised by the imitations which fluorescence (EDXRF), the blue stone was we find among the goods sent in and this can readily identified as cubic zirconia (ZrO2). then be disappointing news for the clients. In Having seen this artificial product in a wide the following short note, the author presents a range of colours, the author had not previously few uncommon imitations identified recently at seen one of such a saturated and attractive the SSEF. Identification of these imitations is blue. Based on literature (Nassau 1981) the straightforward and should be no problem for analysed traces of cobalt in that stone have any experienced gemmologist. been identified as the colouring element in this specimen. The absorption spectrum of the stone The first case is that of an attractive blue (Fig. 2) – although superposed by several rare faceted stone of approximately 1.4 ct, set in a ring with diamonds (Fig. -
HK Fancy Sapphire
Hong Kong, March 2011 Fancy Coloured Sapphires: The Beauty beyond "Blue" of Sapphire and "Red" of Ruby Dr. Michael S. Krzemnicki Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF Switzerland All photos © M.S. Krzemnicki, SSEF except where indicated. The range of colours... © Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF 1 The range of colours... © Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF The range of colours... © Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF 2 The range of colours... © Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF The range of colours... © Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF 3 The range of colours... © Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF The range of colours... © Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF 4 The range of colours... © Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF The range of colours... © Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF 5 The range of colours... © Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF The range of colours... © Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF 6 The range of colours... © Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF The range of colours... © Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF 7 The range of colours... © Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF The range of colours... © Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF 8 The range of colours... © Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF The range of colours... Fancy sapphires: The colour range beyond red of rubies and blue of sapphires © Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF 9 The range of colours... Photo: © SilkenEast Ltd, Bangkok © Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF The range of colours... Collection: SilkenEast Ltd, Bangkok © Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF 10 Jewellery with fancy sapphires Photos © Luc Phan, SSEF © Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF © Swiss Gemmological PhotoInstitute © Luc SSEF Phan, SSEF 11 Corundum Chemical composition: aluminium oxide, Al2O3 Chemical pure aluminium oxide is colourless © Wikipedia In nature always with trace elements (chemical impurities), usually: - Mg, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Ga - and occasionally rare HFS-elements such as Nb, Sn, Ta, Th Not all trace elements are affecting the colour (e.g. -
ESPON ESCAPE Final Report Annex 11
ESCAPE European Shrinking Rural Areas: Challenges, Actions and Perspectives for Territorial Governance Applied Research Final Report – Annex 11 Case Study Kastoria, Western Macedonia, Greece Annex 11 This report is one of the deliverables of the ESCAPE project. This Applied ResearchProject is conducted within the framework of the ESPON 2020 Cooperation Programme, partly financed by the European Regional Development Fund. The ESPON EGTC is the Single Beneficiary of the ESPON 2020 Cooperation Programme. The Single Operation within the programme is implemented by the ESPON EGTC and co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund, the EU Member States and the Partner States, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland. This delivery does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the members of the ESPON 2020 Monitoring Committee. Authors Eleni Papadopoulou, Prof. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Engineering, School of Spatial Planning and Development (Greece) Christos Papalexiou, Dr, Agricultural Engineer - Rural Economist Elena Kalantzi, Spatial Planing and Development Engineer Afroditi Basiouka, MSc, Spatial Planing and Development Engineer, Municipality of Tzumerka, Epirus (Greece) Advisory Group Project Support Team: Benoit Esmanne, DG Agriculture and Rural Development (EU), Izabela Ziatek, Ministry of Economic Development (Poland), Jana Ilcikova, Ministry of Transport and Construction (Slovakia), Amalia Virdol, Ministry of Regional Development and Public Administration (Romania) ESPON EGTC: Gavin Daly, Nicolas Rossignol, -
Andalusite, 0.5 to 1 Meter ANDALUSITE Across, and This Grades Into a Zone of Andalusite Al2sio5 Crystals in the Slate (Snelgrove Et Al., 1944)
echelon pegmatites passes into a vein of fine- grained (10 to 30 mm) andalusite, 0.5 to 1 meter ANDALUSITE across, and this grades into a zone of andalusite Al2SiO5 crystals in the slate (Snelgrove et al., 1944). 2. Champion mine: As euhedral crystals to 5 cm One of three polymorphs of Al2SiO5 (the other two are kyanite and sillimanite), andalusite is partially altered to muscovite in quartz. On the primarily a constituent of medium-grade 36th level drift, 45 meters east of Number 7 shaft metamorphic rocks derived from shales. Also, it station: A body of massive andalusite in quartzite occurs very much less commonly as a constituent with chalcopyrite and muscovite, adjacent to a of a few rare pegmatites, some quartz veins, and large quartz vein localized along contact between aluminous hydrothermal replacement deposits. It Negaunee Iron Formation and Goodrich Quartzite is often strongly altered to muscovite. Northern (Babcock, 1966a, b). 3. Republic mine: With co- Peninsula. existing sillimanite in rocks adjacent to fayalitic Negaunee Iron Formation (olivine) (Haase and Klein, 1978). Also in a vein with beryl 300 paces east and 75 north of the western ¼ post of section 17, T46N, R29W. FROM: Robinson, G.W., 2004 Mineralogy of Michigan by E.W. Heinrich updated and revised: published by A.E. Seaman Mineral Museum, Houghton, MI, 252p. Figure 35: Andalusite crystals to 3 cm, coated with muscovite in quartz, from the Champion mine, Champion, Marquette County. A. E. Seaman Mineral Museum specimen No. DM 14850, Jeffrey Scovil photograph. Iron County: SW ¼ SE ¼ section 20, T42N, R3W, Lake Mary quadrangle: Found as 1 cm poikiloblasts in the Michigamme Slate with garnet, staurolite, sillimanite, and sericite (Bayley, 1959). -
Scientific Communication
SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION NOTES ON FLUID INCLUSIONS OF VANADIFEROUS ZOISITE (TANZANITE) AND GREEN GROSSULAR IN MERELANI AREA, NORTHERN TANZANIA ELIAS MALISA; KARI KINNUNEN and TAPIO KOLJONEN Elias Malisa: University of Helsinki, Department of Geology, SF-00170 Helsinki, Finland. Kari Kinnunen and Tapio Koljonen: Geological Survey of Finland, SF-02150 Espoo, Finland. Tanzanite is a trade name for a gem-quality has been reported in Lalatema and Morogoro in vanadiferous zoisite of deep sapphire-blue colour Tanzania and in Lualenyi and Lilani in Kenya discovered in Merelani area, Tanzania in 1967. (Naeser and Saul 1974; Dolenc 1976; Pohl and This mineral was first described as a strontium Niedermayr 1978). -bearing zoisite by Bank, H. & Berdesinski, W., Crystals of tanzanite occur mainly in bou- 1967. Other minor occurrences of this mineral dinaged pegmatitic veins and hydrothermal frac- Fig. 1. Tanzanite-bearing horizon in the graphite-rich diopside gneiss. The yellow colour indicates hydrothermal alteration, which can be used in pros- pecting for tanzanite. Length of photo ca. 8 m. 54 Elias Malisa, Kari Kinnunen and Tapio Koljonen given as Ca2Al3Si30120H (Ghose & Tsang 1971). The chemical compositions of tanzanites studied are given in Table 1. Unit cell dimensions, measured by X-ray dif- fraction, are a = 16.21, b = 5.55, c = 10.03 ± 0.01 Å in agreement with Hurlbut (1969). Zoisite shows diffraction symmetry mmmPn-a, which limits the possible space groups to Pnma if centric or Pn2, if acentric (Dallace 1968). The most striking property of tanzanite is its pleochroism, which changes from trichroic to dichroic on heating; normally its pleochroism varies: X = red-violet, Y = c = deep blue, Z = a = yellow- Fig. -
Trtassic Stratigraphy in the Island of Hydra (Greece)
Riv. It. Paleonr. Strat. v.98 n.2 pp. 137-180 tav. 12-74 Settembre 1992 TRTASSIC STRATIGRAPHY IN THE ISLAND OF HYDRA (GREECE) LUCIA ANGIOLINI, LUCA DRAC.ONETTI, GIOVANNI MUTTONI6. ALDA NICORA Key-uords: Biostratigraphy, Foraminifers, Conodonts, Triassic, Hellenides. Riasssnto. La successione sedimentaria di età triassica, che affiora sull'isola di Hydra, è costituita alla base da pochi metri di quarzareniti (Formazione di Aghios Nikolaos, Scitico), che passano gradualmente verso I'alto ad un'unità carbonatica molto spessa e ben diversificata, suddivisa in un membro e rre litozone (Calcare di Eros, Scitico-Pelsonico inf.). Durante il Pelsonico la piattaforma del Calcare di Eros annega ed inizia la deposizione di una succes- sione pelagica di età Pelsonico-Triassico sup., costituitx da calcari nodulari (Calcare di Han Bulog) con rufiri verdi e da calcari con selce (Calcare di Adhami). Nella parte orientale dell'isola si sviluppa invece una spessa piattaforma carbonatica (Calcare di Pantokrator) di età Illirico-Triassico sup. La sovrasranre successione pelagica, di età giurassica, segna il definitivo annegamento delle piattaforme triassiche e l'instaurarsi di con- dizioni bacinali. La successione triassica di Hydra rappresenta quindi una tipica successione di margine conti- nentale passivo e suggerisce l'appartenenza di Hydra al dominio Subpelagoniano, nell'accezione.di margine passivo occidentale della microplacca Pelagoniana. Ahtract. The Triassic sedimentary succession, cropping our in rhe island of Hydra, starts with a few metres of quartzarenites (Aghios Nikolaos Fm., Scythian) vertically making transition ro a rhick carbonate unit (Eros Lmst., Spathian-Pelsonian) subdivided into three lithozones and one member. During Pelsonian an extensional tectonic phase dissects the Eros carbonate pladorm. -
VOLUME 45, NO. 80 PLEOCHRONIC MINERALS Wednesday July 28 7:00—9:00 Pm Makiki District Park Administration Building NEXT MONTH
VOLUME 45, NO. 80 JULY 2010 PLEOCHRONIC MINERALS MEETING BY DEAN SAKABE Wednesday Pleochroic minerals are miner- July 28 als that show different colors 7:00—9:00 pm depending on what direction Makiki District you are observing the crystal. Park In order to view pleochroism Administration you need an individual transpar- Building ent crystal. This effect can be very dramatic. Many minerals NEXT MONTH are technically pleochroic, but Wednesday most often the color change is August 25, 2010 so small that it can be barely detected. For those few other LAPIDARY minerals, the color change is very, very obvious. The great- Every Thursday est change is limited to three 6:30-8:30pm colors and is called trichroic(1-3). Second-floor Arts A two color change occurrence and Crafts Bldg is called dichroic (4-5). Pleo- Makiki District chroic, which means "many col- Park ors", is used to cover both of 1-3 Tanzanite with all 3 colors of the natural these color changes. Most of trichroic crystal present and strongly show- ing down different axes of view the time, the color change is MEMBERSHIP limited to shade changes such COSTS as from pale pink to dark pink. 2008 Single: $10.00 Family: $15.00 Rock and Mineral Society of Hawai‛i INC. PLEOCHRONIC MINERALS , PAGE 2 rhombic, monoclinic, and triclinic minerals that can be trichroic. This is because they have three unique axes of symmetry and therefore three unique directions that can absorb light in three different ways. The most famous dichroic mineral is Cordierite, a Magne- sium Aluminum Silicate. -
KYANITE Al2sio5 a Common Metamorphic Mineral Found Primarily in Regionally Metamorphosed Intermediate-Grade Rocks Derived from Shales
KYANITE Al2SiO5 A common metamorphic mineral found primarily in regionally metamorphosed intermediate-grade rocks derived from shales. It is less common in some veins and pegmatites. Kyanite is very rare in Michigan. It sometimes occurs as a detrital accessory mineral in glacial sands. Northern and Southern Peninsulas. Genesee County: SW ¼ NW ¼ section 6, T8N, R7E: As a detrital accessory in glacial lake sand in a water well (Stewart, 1937). Iron County: The Lake Ellen kimberlite, SW ¼ section 27, T44N, R31W, contains a variety of megacrysts, xenocrysts, and xenoliths (Cannon and Mudrey, 1981; McGee and Hearn, 1983; McGee, 1984; Hearn and McGee, 1985). About 85% of the upper mantle xenoliths collected are eclogites with granulitic textures. Most of these contain only garnet, clinopyroxene, and rutile, but some also have kyanite + sanidine + corundum + sulfides. The very pale blue-to-white kyanite is in 1 mm blades. In one specimen these have a subparallel orientation. An analysis is given in McGee and Hearn (1983). The presence of kyanite in the eclogite xenoliths indicates pressures were at least 18 to 20 kb (kimberlite). Marquette County: Champion mine on 36th level drift. Sky-blue kyanite has been reported in association with coarse, massive andalusite, and orthoclase, muscovite, quartz, biotite, and chlorite (Babcock, 1966a, b). At least one such specimen, however, has been shown by X-ray diffraction to be blue corundum (q.v.). Menominee County: Site 73 kimberlite, north of Hermansville: Small pale blue kyanite crystals have been recovered from heavy mineral concentrates produced from this kimberlite (S. M. Carlson, written communication, 1997). FROM: Robinson, G.W., 2004 Mineralogy of Michigan by E.W.