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92
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
11'
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VIOLA LIUZZO MURDER I
PART 13 OF 14
FILE NUMBER : 44-28601 . I-v ital lllli "_92 as J ll _O- X ll ..¢ lHHTEDSTATH92G092- _ xwmesr H @_q ---= as 1-.» ¢ _ 1; e¢~ ,-$4 ,.',',_i:_:_ ;1**- ~ Memora aum ' t-~*-'12 +111¢~*_::"r J: we . > - ; L TO _ Ir . lielnont ' '' amp .- 11 1 I'll-OM A.% oseni',x i, R 92 92 !r. x "l' -- ..---_ SUB] ECT nvcnnn 'rnu-ms,31' ,92 ~L,; Ir. . f, l'aIl'~-_ 1 . .-.... December 27,_ on-r .p- 1965 'g§;:*"j ervxotn AL. - normsLluzzo, AKA.,9292 _ _ ' 1cv-VI ._..._,_ . ' IMF! 1- -"e crvn. RIGHTS _ Mr.e.-.»1=»-ms Rosen §:$*:j§j Hr.Halley -+ McGowan Mr.Hines A
the shootingGary of Hrs. Liu no§§ ourThomas o I35 advised ofin the informant this Department'scase involving desire that he testify be 1P0 tle House Committee on UH-Aleri lnquie Activities. Rowe stated that hp did not desire under any if.-m -L circumstances to testify beiqr the Committee and in his ' '" previous discussion with Dernr mental attorneys before the last Federal trial he had nPdv'it very clear to them that he did not wish to testify at eny'futuretrials or hearings He stated that insofar as testfiying is concernedhe felt he had iuifiiied his ohiigation to the Government and he feared iur his personal safety if he aere called upon to that testify further. -
» Tr, Kimon Z achos, General, who requeste d that I » . regardinq testifying fjvecinl Assistant to the Attorn y} ' 12/27/65 that Rowe he beforewe determine Rowe's attitude e ~ Howe had stated that *1he Committee was advised on C itt . inches in d beencontacted as requested and_that N , not 30%? would or sho he does not desire to testify before th Oi his present lttit S advised that the matter of whether or Department, the Comm uld b~ subpoenaed to testify in spite 92 no iurtbor responsib udeittee was strictlynpdRowe, a matterthe and betweenBureau assun the s 1 E; ;:§'t ilit 1. Rte 1a II I 92.- . ____'_j". ~- *_ ,
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0- 92 . I¢m0nandum to Mr. Belmont - ~ . -n - q -u an Bum-znn _ Tnonsis, mi 51...; I Q 1 ' _. H ACTION: _ - 1. Attached for approval Attorney General confirming the abo s a letter to the Hr. Zachus that Row does not wish - advice furnished to House Committee on §§-Amer1¢an Acti testify before th Bureau I111 no longe"accept respo "ities and that the ibility, either financially or securi wise for R e after December 81, 1965. ----ea-H - 7- -- -~-u.--..-~.-.i- -a__ ------q..-....- l_-....v-we--~_= -_1-____:__ . .. _;~--.~4 . . .77 ._...._-_..- -_= ; : ~~,__..-.. 92 . '_.- _. _ _ 2- 1 -~ . . ';~ ~'... .-.<---~ -=.' 'e -. .7 . <..i-."'-"M--. _m%% __;~* 1 ' _ ' %*" v****l 3@%$ 3£§f mm% ¥*¬F 3@m%§§$;?w#@@%¬@*1-. - "C j- '=*- -". .5. 1:1-I-a . -- '-= "-~l-'-.'.~':-'-.m _-I . "*»'-'~_ ~, -- *¬"- 1-?» L:. :: I51 '- - I ' ~_F'92 n i&%1fw? ?v»¢eraww ahe v %$?*ew$ ®ew§%%x§%¢W ww%%*@%~u*'I ,;4 13-: -__.__ j_$w_ ~< _§~--H; .."92--_=-1'. -*-._w 92 . %7 -~fT' Wt /' c I ' 92. 92 - 92 p "7.Z - 1 Y ¢. ' - Q1 V ' f I _ "' 6 U it :§92 - '1 " 0 ' - . P l V _ -. -- - "--qZ-._92., - - --=-§s i O . -.--.. - . - V » ~-q92v92~- -. -.3 . _'_~i-. ' _ 92 e .-: ' . _ . 40' - ;; . . .___, _.._.._ --. - -. P_ . ...- c..- ..r_ ~._.__... '1 . -4-., n. K -72 - - c »92 . I -.~T_._" : V, A 3 _"" : _,.'_ *7 %IUq_J&1>_ ""-5 QI~ I_|- III fi*__{__' -%I Z- r 'W I-1 '_ "'$- _ " 5 - - ~- _ ' 7 ' '-' R ' - ' ~ ~'- " -. 4" "3 - -.-"1 :,,'-"I'.92¢-"' one-*q w h92 qq+ . 1-: T130 ttOI'l my C;,;:31-31 I -- in ,_ _ D11 CIOI , PSI é ' gf -0 _ December 2?, 1:365 - o . _ J 4.-1,. ,,_ _ _ k I III-I-. _.. fr _' i . 1 Hr. Z ; IE ?I:";1, g 5 ; in ._ i 'I-Kr.Be e - - X LIUJJ3,.JL", . , 1 Rt '3. - vzcszus _ ,V1 Hr. JP 12:. 1 . cy - .".;L RICIS 92 _ ~ Hr. McGowan .., 92 '1 -A - llr. Hines Ri "E" P °- g _:.:';;iE_'u1!¢1 '---°- *1 "-uh con§1rm_t710 HF» K -921S'n Znchos, conversationof your Special Hr. J. ;'.:=:.:-istantD1111 ... an ..2¥:.r..._r ,92. V._. --7, I, 19.,-5, pq wherein Ln. ' Zachns was advised ts:-at . :'."';' .15..-rs R0110 h..d been srmtactod and stated that he ¢:1;_ no: -T!-8. . to towt v -. -o --1 are 92'Ir.r'.m1 n U - | ' : 3 3;-J- ' " " -92""92 "' __ "--pr '- 0 I.-~-1 ; 5- _"""-'-~'.-"F". .~- .i;--.92..5-:92~§-92'*'.;§.-.y_;;» 7-":'i,§-.w _m_§=;-» . _ ,.~. -".1 -_ V,-_-' ,, _. _. ___ __v _' _',.. _;_ . -.__ -_»-@..:,92= _ .=_¢ _ _,- . __; _ _ .- : -_ -. .-.. _,,_V- ~~ . _ ..->3 .- I -Pl» - . 1' -5;; , 92~ -» _q_~._~ ,-4,/9., 'l'»- .' . _.. ';_~_. . - ' _. - . _.-;;,_.__-,;y-~_w .., {I r...... ~. _. 1" _-__,-5.-."'~ , ¢- - -1. ~ »_ ... T; A Z ~_" ¢$J'-1,, 'I .. __->.._- _; 4,. ,, ~- -1 _ 3 _.;_:_~, _¢1:;¢.,. .-' -11,-; '-V _ - +- _ _-._- -, =¢. 1.1-, - ' *1 ' -_ ' . - 93 O /9 1-:-_.__ '. ._ F Q Ll: Q: ~. :.. r- . .veI / _ -.- 92' 4. . | ;_ - 1'u .7_ _ '_-:_nlJTE: 928!U:1'° ! - é _ 7-{T/-7/"''- - '1. .'._ 410- . '__ See nose to Belmont lemorandur; same date, .- 48"! .---_~-caption, Jimzvar. l92p_- -|_ --III lildn-an '* _...__ - '1 . 1 ivy}- _,_i ._92-...... ; _ t L-92.-_7 '. =*/"3 4!» ~ qr IR! --1-,...-. ' l ; . " -. - - -_ 0 1 1 In-n Id--an-..._ - ~ Q ---__. '9r I-|c.HnQ_.._.. r /' .. J inn--.._,. .o.,. -n,..__._ I-92n.||ouu1t|:..n1rr|;uu-|-D "' 4 .- =1 - -4 - ' _ 9%- »""'-:-"-!'+.':.;-' 1» '--»-+-----1*-"'i$; -'.-II -:?;»-.=;'~§;a=.¢ -:=.- Y * _ j _ T P ,g"' I_._ _+ 1 -:.'..' yi #3; ','_v ¢-'-;.'.'.f._ -1;,-'._,;_a'_.: A-,,__ _-1*"-¢" ~92~' " v 92¬.;'?." - ...-1!; - _'__,,_1 :. = .. TS! _ . . :_...:.. _' _ . , _v :3|__5__:"_,,,___ .,_. .__. ,. ...______" vinu - -_-...H..-_92 0- P.l"D /£_.1.¢_.i. 92 . . .. . 3; . . . . _ __ _.=-__-= -_-{-_-:- ..-_ L; B-1 - . _ . , ~l f The Attornoy General . . . g T REQM 0-___ A n1 ctor, .!*_,'.;;i.rJ_I--rm _ H "_j-I ' f 4 - " I December-27,. 1965 ." ' ' e ' Ir. Be1jntFl EUGENEruins, I rrr AI ; :- Ir. Boson VIOLA Llvrzo, AKA, Mr. Ialley ET AL. - VICTIMS Ir. McGowan -Ir, linen CIVIL alonrs This will confirm the conversation0! Ir. J. Iillial Hines of tho FBI tith Hr, Kinon cbos, your Special Assistant, on Doccn or 97, 1965, wherein Zaqhos van advised that ,¢,-,»M Gary Thonrr Home had boon cont .- not wish to ed and stated thathe um C nnittee CL--i lctivi 74 M 9292 92'J ?'9 -,..0 >.- Ig.n.* 92 . III | 92 I- £-"2 "-92 JIH:veI _ 1 _ I .- 92f 9: " r4 r i " T W-"'' I - F . ' ' '_"'NUTE: I See Rosento Belmont #* nenorandw; sanedate,1 iudff _ .__ O- '1 _ -"_l caption, JIH:vea. _i _ ! v._ -, __k I . 0 "-D; - ', F - 92 . f;3'-;"'{ L! I :»_____ 1, d / _ , _ ' 1 ' - if H I =~A-{";__E. U . ; -5'.§fi5§¬JAN2u1@~1-H *- O A t ¬I-»{*¢-w 10 1::-,_'___ mama-ljrnnwcumm _ A ' C H 1 I, _ _ . _ __ - 1 1,0 ',: - "- _ - -;~.-Q}. ._ -. - "'»- Ir - .7 11--Q .» _, llhlinnlornnanunlc ' g ,_ . .- _ . ' ' 1 _ . 9 .- _ _._.. O ice Mcvzomrzdzmz - umrzns"rATEs eovmmunm ____ To . _. M r N - ' r - _- . :1... 1§ m..... 1'. Cartha D. Deboach on-e. " - gm """~ - Assistant to the Director, -FBI J u Decemb 7.1,; mm Th . ° A °1'1'92°Y General . -' A :1-. Nr§t>92929292nhi§:min-! .___ I r. _ --.__l . Mr. 921n92d.___. SUBJECT: l I-Ir. loam- .._- ' Q llh IU|l|92nl_._ . _ Ml : ~. 1 Mr. mun-1-_.._. Per our conversation. ' ' '92 "J" Ilia Huh-12:.-. " -- - lllli Ulmly__,__ 92 _-|| " '**' " " o '" ' """"""' "!§"'"" ""*'*N.deB.i ' . . . . r . . e v_92 Enclosures Z! x -1 - 1'" .. ..., x . . ____. 92J ~ . . I - .!92.'.,.I.¢'92.n..-1-'3 -.l I* 1 ' - W ' 55°13 ...... ' ¥<"---r - aw "- " _ - ma:-.-:9 u|=.s r _; _-' . _ . ; . ':_ .- '- 92 . 7 _-;-> _-:..¢._;___V- T.-W. I -- * - ' r - - -- =._,- . . . »- " " .. _' j - _ 92 0- 1 : _ J Q ' 1 IF , I-_ " - 5-_' . 3 -.k¢ I . _ .. --. - . __ I | - - _ , _ _ ~ D '_ -__-_- : _- _ '_ __ - ___ - - .'-Z. - . in _ - .- - _ _ . -.. "-. _~l .1 pl; 92* _ _ '- _ ' '' ' ""' 924 c'-.--r-114.-.-__', ,__. ,- .-§ ...".'?""':""--__-He .. -»-Q-Q ,. --.._,,, ______- __* ._ 7 . _. ' - -. 2. -92 {. _. _ - _ 7 nil-.r' 4.. 0 1" WT -I_. l-";"$c__ nu ?-"";;bA 7' _-:" ' ' 1' - - * ;:-7 T ' 1 _ - I o o _. .A .- --_--. v_-4 - _ _ _ v ..... -__ _,,,_._ . e . ' _ ' _ . - - -1|» --~_- .-»..- ~ -. ___ . - '.~ "- *'_- .--.1 -*-_-,-- *. »- .-~ - i-=_:_.. _._::______- _ e ' . - "~ 1 1;.- {.'I'- -r' ., _ - e é _-_-T.» _. e _. 7 _ ' T . '...' ...' .7 . .1. .@~.4-:.'-¢--_.- /' - 31- F 3. ""-'- ._... In 4'- '~92mrvu.-Ir»!-nu OI-nun-v"'*_ qualms-I nu b, ' - ' ' i°¢}1 P -* . UNIT]-'.|l92I'lI'4 $1 U.NM|'lN'|' UH M emom dam . 7 6 To: Til?/ Iii-OPDB W" o J'__UgQ11--$92 _ l -Dim; 7' December.27i19°65 I. OMQ D _ ect r, JR 1 92In 3 7 §|_;|;Jp_ ;1-; EUGENETIIUEIAS, ET L, VIOLA LIUZZO, x-5, ET AL,- VICTIMS . _' i 4 cxvxn nzcurs 92 I _ . 92_ -g w Thiswill coni1£h the conversationof Ir. J. Iillial _ _ on Hines December oi the FBI1965, withIhere1n_Hr, 21, llr. Kimon Zachos, zachos yourwas advised Specialthlt~13::::§q#Assistnnt notGary 1 ish :1to tes ThomasRowebeen had contactedind statedthat he d1d'" t ' ti Acti rican 59A- _ _ .. oi . , 92 .- _ H_ -r - I L .; , 92 V ,- , .n- _ _ - iff- 0 _, - >.>,,,_. | ., - _-_ ,-_., 1 _ - v ». J -4§92¢?:t]: " ' 3;L§;i;§§L:i;o§:;;Ll;»Ah fglizahizsi i 5F5?KI3£:§EE3Eb~65*q55¥5 * 1 "ii ii? _ 7 r H W_ i - - i _ luv. "WWL V _____ Y _ A___.__ ______ -______H______*______H____ _ __ ___ _,_,_,,______L__H_ .._'~-- ---» '+-1---- "-'-""i ~ "*"' '7----"'' ' __._..»..._i----7 us-usRAL1g¢vEs'11cAT|G;'n1v1s1oN -_ _ 1- . ._,.- 7 'ho furnished Gary Thomas iniorn.-atlon WhicnRowe is r ' lead informant to the _.~-n .' ' ' 7? "' A.H; uccessfui prosecution oi three subjects tn k _¢ . , _ yr 7 ' "-- neshootin g 0fMrB . 11 Atiuzzo. tn e requcz.» -1 " -Th t _ - "- " ' ~ - -- I the Attorne ral we contacted him to "' '- ' _ -" ' -' . _' etermine ii would consent to interview ,l=;e-;,-g_;¢_-at- '" _' " . __ _- _ » -- -_y a represe qtive oi the House Committee ' _' - I=§£ L__-1-Qt}, évb - ___"f '1; '" ~ . t tj n Un-Ameri n Activities and if he would ' " - '' -' -''7 => _ "-- A . ccept a Dep Marshall job. A letter is A ~ _ i - reing sent to the Attorney General today ; ' A him of information in attached. - ;_ - ba/-7 .l :;L_ .~ _. j . - 1 "'7? ' . 1 F _; E» _ H _ _ t._....-...t92_ ... ~ ....---.-..p. . .. -.....e.__- .- ...._-.-_ .- ..-.. ._.._ 4-}..=. --_._..-92 _-.1 -.._,.....- Q .. lCG:g£s " '_ . " 3 I541 -"'I .,- A 1, '¥ fv--- w..O ~=-_".92.3~'." ; , 1 -'. M V , i"_""*E"' P.- _ __ . . . _ . -.' I _t , -u , "' '__ _ ,,_ 2 . . _" ,. _ . u - . e - - _,_ _ M__-__, 92 ~|__ r.__,,H: ._- _ _ _ _- .-_ ' -"- 3 "'3 » -- ~ " _, '.2. . '_* =: ; - g-. '_ -94'; 1":-1_ko,*., _' ' I ' ' " ' . : :9-1| '7 " ' - I .,,-.,,_, I;_' " -1 m - -If-I2-3-48-l __ __ ' '. 3 - - 1' _- - |& .'.f - " -:1 92 I ' ~r..-=5r¢-¢92...-:-gr _V _ H I :-_. ,1, -3.--e-"~»-C-v---.1 H I _ .,' - __ ~ -4- Tj',.$3i-I.'Fb-1$'!"»#'?'~1-A. p1.;. ' " gig '___ -1"-P --" $73_ --'?f'- pg-4 -;_ - -_,._ ~' ._,""""""' ..-_-.-.¥ !'I" Y- x." ., . t_ *">*s.-"~=i'.,-.;.-::,"_°""1.|-'5§""'.5J' ..'..-."'~ _ .-in ': - " ' ~ , H .. ~¢.._ _,. V ..__,,.. 7 £41 l IQ ,- 04 I ~ ii . In-l -., -,3.é._V 92- 4 , __ 1 '. " v "." .__ T . ~, _'- I" Q--==~--u v, - -, - .. . __ -u~4_>;urewq-_-q3- I - I . '. . ; ' 1 _' 0 § 1" Q I 92"- A ¢i|_é Q i : .P1 I H 3 gr- -II 0 '- - *""'"EC-ii ~ '-."-';'-Q. , '.};...'_ 92 ,JF92N19 l955_iH 3 ._ , &; _- - '.." - -1 _ 1., f .______.¢_.k»f;'i_4iI 1 _ 92- i '_92 k _._ "92 _r 1 - - -_. . pvuplnu win ; r» d mow I larc:¢?::7l:"0rIlI .ir I-ail u:l::'s._', haul ldc w - .- '8._ ::f§92 d,,;.{ a _~? , 0 =- '- 3-. 4:0 .-1-"'1' -. i __F I-1-| _ A --. ig-_ .- 0-92--- L .-».: -, - _._....<=_.."£'.:.,¢»_92-11";-;§,¢.'5-'l _§s.s92.»_¢;,':=. -fr -. -c-'-is -I-F 1"-*5 _ _ ¢-11*:-;». - _,, Q RE: Memiandum to UGENE1 liQh/AS, Mr. Rosen I_:I'1 AIa . '- ' According to WelbornRowe inquiredof the San Francisco. Office whether McShane was aware of the discussions that Rowe had had with Departmental representatives concerning the plan for an "ultimate - Itosettlement.the Department" Welbornfor further satisfaction stated in connection that Roweindicated with discussionshe his is looking with Departmental representatives and made no reierenee to the FBI in this connection. Welbornwas instructed toadvise Rowe that iihe had any question whatsoeverconcerning discussionshe had had with Departmental representatives, he should take them up with.McShane. -»i------~»--._--7 . "' - a ::_| ACTION: ' __ W, ' o ___ San Francisco is continuing to follow this matter closely and will keep the Bureau advised oi m pertinent developmenmi 'K _ _ Rowe's reference to "ultimate settlement" obviously refers to a lump sum settlement which was the subject of discussion with Departmental representatives. Inasmuch as Rowe indicated he is looking to the Department ior satisfaction in connection with his discussion with Departmental representa- tives and made no reference to the FBI in comiection with this and inasmuch as I hewas toldto take up anyquestion concerningit withthe Department,it is recommended that we alert the Department to this current develcpmenti it Q ' recalled we have previously referred to the Department for their immediate attention any comments whichRowe hasmade to usheretofore coneer-ning_ this and other matters relating to a possible settlement. There is being preparedAttorney Generala memorandum and Assistantto the Attorney General General, John-Doar,with copies concerningto the Deputy . g this current development. ; 1 , " . . _ , s-' "' . -,-' r 4 . _ I xi} _ v ___ . ,. ' u wl '92 - - 131- ' ' -3- , _ Q _ p . _ .- ,,_ .___,.. '1. - - . _ - . A . - . -' -i_'- .92 .0-1 _ --_1-.., __ - ' _." _ - , ,., ; 9292- _, , _ . -. ._ . .~92 . 3 -.1 ' . ' . v *5 -_ e _ ' . g = G I ' ""'-"__ -if _ '*_ W _ _ __ -<--J ->~ -on-_.... -..______t_Y;.._ __ ' - in "1' -*--~ - - - - i ------,---I-AM-»-¢__... - .- _ .___. .,.. _ _,___"_____, p, ,___ _ _ ,- Ai " _ __U______ ___ _ . - . .. 116.4 4 p p . ""1-~ ----e . -, UNITICI! Sl'.»92l'l-'5 .RNM P.Nl__ .--__-" ' Mem0mn-.'um _ To 5 DIRECTOR,FBI dé-18601! DATE! '1/20/66 -It-' _ -11- - is sac, new onnnans 51-3954! P! I ' 92 1 8 Jw EUGENE moms,ET A1,; VIOL92GREGG LIUZZO, aka., f. ET AL - VICTIMS I r CR; EL A O0: HOBILE ' . 92 '1 WP °f SAi while. 12/9/65. <57C. I On January 19,1966, H. RICHARD IIHDHORST,?Deputy"? ??¥ Clerk, Fifth Circuit Court 01Appeals, New Orleans,Louisiana, j' advised that the case was docketedJanuary 7, 1966, andan extension of time to file record to March 1, 1966, has been granted. ' 1 . Q _ r will advise the_Burcauand Mobile of decision in this matter. g - . é . ' . M. 1 _ 92 05 - F I ..,. 1 I . ti 5 - .. I; . ' 1 J _v f' Ii <_ , e+- _}P1 ».. -_,.-.*_'.*,'.. ._5 l 1 .,. "HQ:- -5- - I V ' .1-7 1 -- :§3h Bureau -~ 2 - Mobile 4-1245! i * 2 - NewL O1-1Eans_' . -~ '§":92 Q I '% :4 am 21.19% ~ ,. *' ~e . %;'/~.2>¢~P:4u CMVmi .- '* u { 9 A _ i 6 L-nn- - _ "'.'92',1 "1--~ ¢,r4n'l* z - :-I J I -4 ~- .-;- . , J <' " ' ' ' - -l'_-1 : ¢ -92 Q , , 1 V, I ." ' _' z§:£f~ .~?. .'i| glja. ' _ 3 bI II ' I ._. » I Q " T r ; " ' ~ '1 1} " 18- * 1, - ; '1 " . - .~ I - -0 92 -~ , - - -. _ _ . ¢ I - , -. , - || P .- ' I 92"~1- -V!_ 1 1,--5. ti J i A 1 , 0 V .. ' I é ' 1__ ____.i-_ I. - _:_ l _ i I i ' _ !g;=:=;7;¥===-Mduq-v _-, r%#r-."qr ' ' 1 e I '~e ~:-""'51 . *e'--*..e'3F"-'-'-F-I; .. .. - ::..._§._'3:7... w"_'§_;'e; 9.1;?- e'*'e r.: -*-'5" r L JD Ill!-I 5 1,-541 _~ ' /"'92 I '" " ' G an-. ram ' . Mr. D*'L'92ncl'| ' 1.1 r. I llr _------F B I Hr. Cs-per _.._.. §._:, 1 i iiahrn . I Dale: 1/17/55 ' _ 1-:1-. r*- d __. Transmit the-i lowing in . é ..ir. Hr. F-. . . __ ' fT - in plilinlezl of code! V . V M7 " " via? _? A arm |u.n. --.l _ ' P".0n.'*! W I Mr.'I'r-'1 'r.__._. ______" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - -_*" -_--"- - ~----__._...... _ ¢ | _'| q,-,1r;_,],I,|,!;,;,;|;|,___.m.wa¢ _.._._ u :1-.11»-=.I' T0- ' ]J11 uCt01 , . FBI "44,_;;;_;501! A Ilia: Q5 Gandy- _. 1 mom: ..iAC, Detroit ~; -at-64:1! " "" ' f d 3 _ _ é 92 P_ vmun rzvczsmanu:~.0, rzfcmxs, aka" Et A1; - _. , #p~/ QfxFt :11 - VIUI II.i '5 ' H ca - 1:1, .-1 _ . - . ' O0: 110.1 !92 I "35 ' ~ ' " ' .'_'.'-'-}'35'. T'=,' {?'. l:";_- , Re 1.19-|;rnit teletype to Bu;-DB 1/16/66 5 V F - . 2.. T . bi-. iIJg_ Enclosedfurnjsllcd is LHM c - E009 r COPY Of' LA 1 l ,,- , . j 7" I.-"3. -{'{ ,'i ; Z L JAN iys _92986 92 _ , 1 I . 92 - . 92 ,. , ~ :1 _ .,n -n_'...' ._ 92. J 7! ._ 9*. his , ._ _ » I 4 ' . -. '_V . ..-_,_" ,_ _ __ _ . -.. _ / J. I __ _. V t92X _ _ '- "' _-v ' 3- i 1 - - ._ . 1- Y ? __ = - I . .e»L=»:"=»%~VA ,A "492PI=.=<="gd=~ __ _? ~*s.m A ' ,,..-.,p,, - - . - - , . 8peciu1Aqent ln hurqo . l, . " '* _'¢ _ Q,-.--_;. ___v _ _ - 4 ~ 1 »_-E . - . _ . . _ > 31 ' $ ..'* .": H}. --4i-F» .. _ . _ ?r - ; Z5; -I-F" --III-1 run-n--| '1*,,, 1 _*; _--_-1. | _-iii ' I '_' - ' 7 $ - "'*"""l -1----in 4 =._,._, ____ I ' ._ -- UN SD STATES DEPARTMENT OF STICE 0 -.1 FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION In Rqly, PIIIII "C h nwhh Detroit, Michigan - -w -~ January 17, 1963 D § Re: Eugene Thomas, Et A1; Viola Liuzzo, Et A1 - Victim /. I --_....-, Mr. Anthony LiuzZo, husband'of ViolaLiu zo, deceased, on January"15, l95E, telephoned the Detroit Division of the Federal Bureau of Investigation FBI! to advise that he had received information that an advertisement had appeared in the "Birmingham News" at Birmingham, Alabama, offering the 1963 Oidsmobile in which his wife had been killed for sale. Hr. Liuzzo if not know the current oqner of the vehicle at the time of his call on January 16, 1356. f'- § " f ' ' f£jff* 1H"F? 1 On January 17, 1965, Mr. Anthony Liuzzo again telephoned the Detroit Division and advised that he had originally hoard or the advertisement appearing in the "Birmingham Hews? when he received a telephone call on January 16, 19G6¥ from "United Tress" advising him of the advertisement which Ias quoted 55 follows: 1 n 1953 "Iotice -- D0 You heed A Crowd Gatherer?>I have Bu!letPldsnobile in which Hrz. Viola Liuzzo was killed. lwica and everything still intact. Ideal to bring in crowds. nS,5UD.00." r Liuzzo stated that on January 17, 1936, he co ta tud the General Motors Acceptance Corporation GHAC! at Detreit, F ichiggan, and tin. u.*g";ht1;en: he learned that the oneBirminghamJ, ';.? T§er, Di ision of 2308 GMFC 20th hndPlace, sold the Birmingham, 1963 OldsmobileElabama. to »Mr. Liuzzo It ted that he had s§bFén to his attorneyf'Ei1l1am Bvffalinn, concerning this matter. ' - Kr. Liuzzo stated that he was considering telephoning _Hr. John Hoar, Assistant Attorney General, Civil Rights Division, _ of the bepartment oi Justice concerning this matter. e - e - ."- . -is * ,J.. I - , _». ._-I , l . __ | I 92 . ' . . Q ' I n. ml- J* 1 " ' . ' , . .. _ ._,z~_,¢-»-'-;, *'Z4,/.-- 6';-"q/. i ji&I._ *I ii ii ii ' -' _'* ' *''~ ' _ _.____i_. _ M 4? _ C .0 - I .. > 92 I El. 1. Viola EugeneLiuzzo, Thomas, Et Et A1 AI; '- Victim '' -_ Column 1, Attrched ofthe "Detr0it'Frco is n copy of Press", an article n daily appearing newspaperon Page 6, published at Detroit, Hichignn, on January 17, 196%. This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your QQBJCY. 4 ! . ___ ., _ I 92 ,. --. _...._,__...... _.--. ... Q.-.-- ,_:,===_Q... - __--4»-- ~_-_:--r ~-l m~:H ~~ :1 -It-_-if "r-1-. f-:1" ~ - - ' - _ ._ . 1 7 92 r = . V. 1" IQ I 3 ¬ I - 1 92 . _. Q-". 3 _ ':'& . -_ I .- ! ' J a A ' J "§ I - ¢ A 5 q r I - - . i .- - . - 92 44 . _ §- ' _. 'I , _ q 1r_I- . l -@1111: i ~ '- -A -Q-92 V J . i _ . - 924 .: 4 , .- _ ' P _ _ _-_ = 1i5..',-, f.1;,'__§'_;ii . ' - *5: . I ~ . _ 0. _ !_ _e -'2 _ I _ 4i."_ . _ _ _,_..,,,_- -Q ; -:t,_. .I I - '- _ : r _._ '_ " 92 . - » 1 ~ ___ . 92 , I 1 _y - . ' _ l, -r _ . _ - I 92 1» -. -. ' 92 "-"1'-" .1. - .. Q ,_ .~- w ; ' 'n '1 _ , H ' _ 1 _l, _ . -3 4'? -3-.-§ V. Q1. ' __ "? :-¬"- .";1»;,|...-.-" £ v~.¢n4¬lln- cl Q . ' - __ _ , u . 4 - ._ -' - . . _ ' _ _'__ ~-. . ; -I -I ___*______ ______|_ _ ___ ______r__ _____ ______,______*?_%m___.~%i_ .__.___ :"k" I-13'?! -" _" I'll!-I-'1"'l-|::_3 W cur-u-an-1 -..__-i_.._k,W _: ...... __ . _ -1 -_ ...... _ . .. .._- - -» -_-__..' ._ w-1% ,v.._ A ----.i._....._..in ='*- Q 1 ¢92." I I al » 92.-a- , .-.-a 1 _ O 5 92 I - A 0 _ . -M- ... , ...-. . -~_- . .._..._--~-_--::i --~__=~ :- 17» -'~ -1---11-#-'* '11 "M ' . .. -4- ._.. _!-llnluni _ --QQu- -I-I- - L._ . 2 ;;'_-,;-_5?1e 1..- hli 7i- l I . _ _ . .-- . ..q. - - - 92{ "Y1" . I . r__' -T _ - __ ;.,1&n1,2"¢! As..- 5* .. ,3 . '1 J . - I Gal .' q 92 ' <-'1 .- T ;Y1I En 92Death 1-':.:;i ~ , .~ ..Umn_92' Uur-zo. hush.-uadof! _ éVio :.. Liuzzo, mid Sunday ho n-ll Mr--"ma. to atop the urrnsationnl n15!: cw ! r ;;:_'_1 F".-1!~: 92whh = I-nin wile "Ira: killed. __..-5. !1' . 1 rrmrl :':i=1n An advertisement in lb; Blrm-'- Hr "ml En; of Um cur i-1 Q |n,:h.-":1 Min.! Nrwl f_=ntm'!a§.' . ' Ml!-~ u cur R "cram!-;_:-liar"plac- uh; 1 1- || |",- :|. -' .}.- --walk: I .n'Q." and 'i-Rd lhn 1967! Olclamobllg J haIn ! '5 fr-.r'92 .-I3 92 cowgirl: with bullet holn, tordnur I ' $J,b|'i1. 1'-92.| If! 1 92i¢|.lJu;-"vii '-..:.-W Mr.-.'|.-I1 |---1 ?1I.llId Izmir! aw-I ' 92 . ~ - "I dun ! raro that UPI Golo-92~r-ry' ha, {HI Inlm,-I Irf l 10' . ' ' wllh mo car." nu-id Lluzm. brln 311 92 .1 5: 9, {>.¬,lu-'0," Bu! I de nitely inland lo slop No ~1=n--- or 1-hour num*-¢- . 3 '_ ._-'-_.:-; f -, -- - __ lhn ma at my wlifl nun: In nv-II 13:1-"-I and _'.1*I- p tlltn i é " Ilhiw --.-ny. ll : lnrrrdlbll lhat buyer? 92~.'- '- lq:|h92::£'~|Z in U-1111+ - .- I . _ - ;nn;.-r-:11 onmm." would _try lo capitalizeln a |I0.1|'~l|t't hut. l-92 an of- - 0 0 I lho llem|p:f~-:r . ' L " ..':..; - --r-as---:.-=-ii-S-.~_i '=_ - 2 - Hhou.-r~.92.1ln, wu lat ly lhot thn . MEIR. NU. /1.0. I. Detroit 2 n!;l11. N I-Tnrnh 2! la lht dnrvo _ '| " 92 don; Ul:-$0 ln Lowndu Ooumlg; :- .» _AIA. _ 7 H I 4 ' in .§'_ _ 1 ~ I . » Q . .1 -' .-5 . 3' q _ , _ '~7,.f"" Y 4 _i_ , -0 - t Q .' . "N I l _ ;.Y. ,_--u~'-..'- - -_ _ 4" __ . n _ J75 . I ~ ¢ I Q92'_ » . '-.._._ 1 2 I 1' " -I I .15.? H J '1' wt ' ~ , I I . J _~ " f a l - _ . ''1' L ~ " ''. .?.r1" - " _ 7* " -0* . .. .., x - |__ ,,,__._ ',._.,. - _ _ .:__ _ FZ: ,_'_'¢--, W . : '*. M __;_-M-§-'.f~f'.- #'~'T-4._m~"-*a5- ¥..%-"»'=I! " -'- ¢; 6 .5 1 - U Q 3| I '1! *7. 92 V! 5'/~3/ snmnmiizo i 5 " §_i :91?f§$_iF §V$%§:? .¢,. w--_¢~ - ,; -_ . '1 /' » N: 7 ..? I 92 - 92- .3-.a"""" v "' 1... J i _ I O . 5 -3.0? "-4; _ , l. ~, ' 0 -._ 'f7'5.- ' - -iv_ ' 92 I I . L . I A I 3 ,7 .- . '- __k'_ | _t . . _ . _ _ 7 . "'5 T .*¢$*_TM¬,_% ? ';;_;--- Vi "' '_""-"'-'- _ W ' _ >1 ._,_._ _ .??lTa- ~ 0 .- a '-L 4-1236 n - an. _ J- ,_ '3". Birmingham, Alabama, from GENERAL IIOTURS ACCEPTANCE CORPORATIQI, and that 'IURNI-IR is the individual who hrs placed the oncloed advertisement in "The Birmingham News". A Birmingham indices negative regarding TURNER and J - no turther investigation anticipated by this division,-UACB.-~ -*~ - . ' n ' 6-"~."f." -.,¢ a h Copy of aboveamentioned ad is being enc1osod'£or;§Ff§ Iobile and Detroit. , _ v ------1,...... -- ».-¢-¢-n.-..--,--._- ---___.q,¢;:-4-.-1-.4:r1'_ ->;--;- -b-||:¢~:lvq»-@l-n-r.'.+ip-L¢,.»r-- 4 . . . . .,.. ...-¢- v .' -J; ll *' 1- r.» _' ' | 92 . n i - _ I _ I _ - _. _ l-_ -. ','4 _~ t 3 I H- 1" _ - -_ -ll ' ' Qé- I '5. - J r A eL '-;~.'. -.'"..' 92 " 4- 0 |92 a- I" '-'_- I 4 .. . . - , _; -. 5 1. I b |' ' ¢ I . 5 . ., -A ~ _~ __-_. ._.. ~ ---.,_I t Q I .- 91', .* 92<. , . 4 I _ ' -=92r- - 7-. .' "F- .7 I '. -#5. . ll 3 ,_. . .. Q ' _ .*-*=T"- ' ,, ?' . . 1 ' _;¢~.i ._ J * . n _. .. I n- . - , 1 5 < r'A,__ _H;.1_ | B 0 , - 1- -1 , . -n -_92:;ur' . I U .0, 1 ' " _ 7'-yd-.,' . - u , K ?-_92.b ' . -- H _ ' _. . .- ' 4 $'q""- » -' < 1 4' - _ -, - . _ M . -- 92 I . .. t - ....1 ~-. "4_ I . .- _ - - "hr .. . I - ~ 92 . " ._=~:-+ "I -- 2-. ,.'_"'92!.:'r'=3'$r.*-- ,_ . ' ~".#~; --I . -. ~- Z-H.-"92.-. .- 1 - , '~ _, . r ,. '. . ~ "5 ' 92- . . $. 2 I J .._"-:__ - _ n |»_-{Q--:__ - _ 1... --92 _"..__:»_;- - %§§qq:~P r eqw =»-:;#:?' "-; 7' '-. F" '7" .ho'.'.'."v92"*"-i' o .1": .. I I *T"__ =11 ~;. ,1 MountCllpplng _ In Space _ Bohr!______v-- 7. i'._.n.s-WNANQLM5.-r _ll|SlHl-$5 DPPOITIINITIIS I2! A *1 '9-%-'6-5=1-Ewe "" 10810 "7.'#-|¢-'5 -é- I;- '§:"92 ~ . J' "I"E".5¬%"§» "Q '°:+I=&m§:- .t_ W _ _ ,, im m crowd mg llndlcule pqqq, pg ; gl - 1" ' Ililrlp pn, city Ind lino-I J 92 -1 -._ - '92- _ .. __..._-._ .1 _ -_-.. _____ . T.-».... ,. .-_ ...,.,,,__ £11»: BIRIIIKGIIAM NI-.1; 3 Birmingham, Alabam M fr 3 L-1|-11 u_-; f D u: !:au|=m=REd Star Final Anlhor: Editor: ' 1~|mEUGEKB TIIUIIAS ,ETAL; ETAL - VICTDIS Chcnlclt L .. Clans! llcitlon: , sun-unaq Olllcn BIRM I l ll -Q; E] llrlnq IDUOIIIIIQ ' .- 1; I J _ -11- I 92 E -liUl.OSURH ¢<". "'-1-'; " I " P L n -,, -§__F" f'§-- "Y: 5'-_ -,';". '_ _. .- __ H - ~- - -'-;'_'., . ' ' W " ""' FD-350 IFIQI. I-IQ-63! G -O ,. _ __ Q Vi V "I09!!! CV|lpplngWlp 590:0 Quinn! 11- r'|w92ucm. "" " A 92 vi! -rivvui-_~_.,__i-|___ ~ _:{y_8!Hm orrolruulrm In "~ "H-;:w=a" Indicatepojo, IIIO 0! ":1'..: :.'.,-.. :'*1*=.l*F"=:§.*?..T':7"*...:."%..".:"I FY . i nowupcptr, city Um! Chit.! P690 ,D-U-qwrv-mus. In ' BI U BI! USU _ _ __.,, .. --..-Ti-|--___. __.-....,....,.._._.._._....,._ i 22 HERALDBIRMINGIIAM POST- Birminghaln, *4 .- !1aba1 r 11- I 92 ip. 92 92 Din: Edition: V Author: y , 1 Editor: * 1-umEUGENE moms , Em rms. vmu LIUZZO,aka P arm. - VICTIMS. ;<=...... -.... CR;I-IL ; Qt _ 30$ I Clusulllecuan: 0. an-u-nun" nun-ml" IfHIKGIIMI Iininq lnvonliqnini i I - :- "1 J:/. I- /' / k. - 4- I . . .. _ -: £.uc1.osURa 92 .-E-_+,11II§I_"'I'!.',_92 _. :_- - - -92 .~.-»-_- ' "'51. '."i . 5"? 5 - " -'*'~ 1.~f"'- .-4I- ..- 0._¢A92 . -'1-.92 ,-. - .. - . - _ _ 1 - Mr. Griffith 1 - llr. Thompson A I . . SAC, Mobile 4-1245! January 25, 1966 It 92 y._- . e Director,rm h 4-20601! y {_ Ii , I I 1» ~ I EUGENE '1nor.ms; _ et 0.1.; / 3 VICLA'LIUZZO, aka; , -T 1/ ' LEROY cn - EL .mno11smo'ron. - norms * ¢~" ~- _ ncBu1et 10/29 5 and Laboratory report 4/14/65 regarding nine plaster of Paris casts of tire impressions ' describedO63 an throughQ71. L - b/e The plastercasts @111 be destroyedby £55 ;';-.~-W Laboratory in thirty days unless advised to the contrary n by your office. NOTE:F Thiscaseand examinations evidenceno wasnotactually material in this were conducted"_ /> e Laboratoryalthough they werepnssible being for maintained futurecomparisons. by the y " -9292 V? a ,' 1 I REC-24 %££!:5:;:iq£ig§5C!l]{%iinE 1 -J0 .. L I. _ . _| Q I. hm L 2 MAILED4 i ' 1 | JAN 241966 "rs; couuxm ' ' "" . } 1--| lnimu ----+ ..,- - __ /-I _ ' ''_ 0N--hr _,..'," _V__ . '_ ____ r ' _ I " ' l":Hd|an _____ - y ' " rcmfrld i-_ O. Q, 511'Fol:ii '__.___,___ ' e - m '5 k -1* 1.; aim-5°. Ii. _.._._ CET: -9, f 5! I / 1 r . _. _- _ u ""'DllOITawel i...._.iI ~ 7' _....__ / / _., ¢ at-w" . - - I E ,EBu§mn , ~. n.mtw:mmZ. - ',.I . ,.._ - ,- . » , __.-. ." _ _ -'- _ " . _ p - . -.- - Q I n - 92. Yll lll IBII IQ. IQ IQ-UK an In: uamon ~92 Ill am. I6. IQ Ir - UNITED STATE. A O92 ANMENT 1'0 L M emoranajum I 'Tl|IOn __..._....1_ DIL.-|o|:i _....i_ Ll I 5|! ._...___.._ Clara .._.__. P0 =_ __ Ir. Conrad DATE: Ccilduan ._t. . }A £'-u||r-1!____. - 1 Ur. ' |'|"ll.-.i,..._,,._ 1 Gale i._.__F FRO = - B. H. JevonsY'92D Mr. Helen ?-_i._ 1 Conrad kj _ 1 Hr.January-26,Jevons1966 -$33"- 1 SUMECT: EUGENE THOMAS, ETAL.; :7 Mr. Herndon Iilliams T VIOLA LIUZZO, AKA; ET AL. - VICT1H§; A I CR EL Attabhed is Interesting Identification Laboratory Draft No. 1157 entitled "LABORATORY EXPERTSASSIST IN PROSECUTION OF LIUZZO SLQYERS." .._ ._. -_- - ,7. .»._."._-._.-_._-q,_---4|gH,_-q. -_-_-A-._-vmk~n-neon-qr 1,_-;. ..n.-.ug_. --- 11- -_ - - . . ~.-.._.-»._.. »=.... BECOME-ENDATION: None. For information only. K 4 Enclosure 1 44-28601 92 1 - Budget Unit, Room 5509 1 - Hr. J. E. McHa1e, Room 1523 I - Hr. M. A. Jones, Room 4264 _1, BPH:SAC f ~ 9! - I . 1 l fix I 5/ '7' ,. / » . ___-r~ ~92P""Y n Jim :'1°" O 4:1 a §$ I »92 _"'r '_|-" in- <1 '2 92 ,¢_' _ ___ . - , I O 92 on J' . Y - ,- ' ' '" ' V '7 I I W 1-- $10,_ 1 _q_; ___ _u. . ___"-' :"",, - _ 1,,_ -p , , - _"_"E '-'_"i."'_':r'_:_,,,___,,',1.',_,,5 '. - hr"_P_92. . 92-5. 1- u --7""- -..n.-":'.92*-.:_ ____,__-'--______,______. , H___, _ _, _,_____,___.,_.4__, _H._____.,.1i_,__,.....___._..__.... - -1111 .7_.._._._...H_..__._.-.___ . , K K V. J __ __};,_...____$ ,.____ . _ _ a Unl"| I'ID STATES DI-II'5|;.TL|]5|92i'| up ][j5'| ]cE -. _ in a ' *1-_,2§§5p§¬ w FEDBlaL.lUREAf OPINVESTIGATION _. p 1, 3q,,,_ gm,-M _ _|uaauIcroa.n.c. N535 _. ._ ru-nu. 328601 _ __ _ - . - 'S . January za, 1965 8 _' _ I. I. L. Draft No. 1157 LABORATORY EXPERTS ASSIST IN PROSECUTION OF LiUZZO BLAYERB Late ea the evening ef Hsrch 25, 1965, near Selma, Alabama, civil rights worker Viola Lduzzo was shot while engagin| in the transportation of civil rights workers between Selma and - Iontgomery, Alabama. J FBI Laboratory examiner was immediate1J- dispatched to the scene to obtain and examine any physical _ p " - evidence found in an examination of the victim's car. ' b1 After much publicity and two unsuccessful state trials, three defendants were indicted by a federal grand jury for conspiracy to violate the civil rights of the victims. In the federal trial, the FBI Laboratory experts,testified to their findings. The defendants were found guilty and each -1'- was sentenced to ten years in prison. I -i I 1 _ -aaaw .. _ _ 22- ' - '- -]_ ' . ' '_ _ _,_ '4.'. . - -a, .a. - .-_ . _,. a _ -Ir r _ ' ._ '1.,-"_ I ' . . - r92'¢--- 77;,'5 ".' - I -.' . ._l§_jU .}' . " ' a . *'.~='/ 2,-./-_ -/'- , _ . I : if} - T,-q i:§::__- ._,, -. .T',,__;:>. ,4_ "_' __e;~~ - 3.1,; '-7?. :. 7a§ '7. _ 1-a ..~'-'--- e if - T ," " , " __efl-'_T .':, ,,_'.".'_ _ lZ,,'__" _" , _T ____7 __ _ .' I - -»-T .__.. _- __ - ' .. Fo-a§_u-in. s-:2-on ,._ /~_ H r. I-!r. ' n . ]"IlJ"7 Hr.Q1-I1r..__.,.... M F.Wkk_...._.... . I §IJi~ 1'. F8; J r. "a--9-r_..._ M r. '~i r. l':i|l-' '-1n M r. mu-ad _.. ._ !j3l 01$ om; -2/a/66 F-"ll ... ._.. H r. Transmit the lowinq in W F_,___ T I _ __ _ c _ Mfr Glle ' ypc in p nines! or code! _ "9711! . ....q Eullin ._... vm _c_- ET? * ______c c Mr. TI ____._, e Priority! 'T;|!'. R:|'.T|§ 1'0.. R !I'l .:._. .92!i=s H-inn ...',-. Haas Gnndy _..._c_ I 11 .i V O0: llobile! ' - i i ;. Et "" . i,_...... _,_.,,.._,;...... __,...... ~..._ _....._...- .'--...>:~,e'- '-.7-4'-e~.,-_¢-1:-.-i--=;+-_ ¢v¢g>¢924:-.1-__.-of- : :l~_:;~; ¥ above matter. Two copies oi LHM being furnished Mobile and one copy being furnished Louisville for information Enclosed is letterhead memorandum in duplicate concerning _' r . . 92 No further action is indicated and no investigation will 92. I purposes . *1 ~, 1 92 __ _ _be instituted concerning receipt oi these news clippings I ANTIIUNY LIUZZO, UACB. e .92 ' '§.. cm 1 " Material mv tioned in LHM woe furnished by Mr. LIUZZO to »s:-sear-do. I e. - :13 - 92b7< 92 k . I _--92 Bureau Enc. 2! Vf/ .9? "M---~ - - - --- 7%. . V - Louisville Enc. 1! nfo! ' I J - I-iobile Se11na! 4-1245! Enc. 2! In£o! 1. Q FEB 111955 p 1.i..1 tDetroit _. 1 _ ,~ -___ _ . /pun i - _r_- . -nn i__ . lg-arr CRD D. * nu 11 we How lmw b-I-I 17 j ______'_; 1 L ', V _. icoblk Br i aw-zmhms A1 7 1 . ' : _-. .- J I- ._, - J I . I 1 -P D ' 'I- _ I k .! b ' u ''92 I '_'_ M'§;=' I ; I ' f Ti iii A ix d f _ _*| I Approved: i _ We _~ Sent ___,i.____..M Per 64 fop¥13i!voMIn Chum: U I l . ' Q . _ .;§F$%%Q W2 r§ so srxrns - DEPARTMENTas . srrcs . - -_ or '-E rznnnu. -. -- nunmu 'INVESTIGATION or' j% §?I ,Plan|l _:::' Detroit, lichigan . February B, 1966 ,§_ . I! _ Re: EugeneThomas, EtAl; é Viola Liuzzo, Et A1 - Victim Hr. Anthoni/iiuzzo,, J! husbandViola Liuzzo, of - deceased, furnished wo envelopes with the same news _ clipping enclosed to Special Agents of the Federal Bureau oi Investigation_on February 8, 1966. Xerox copies of each of the two envelopes and *T *T¥ of the news clipping enclosed are attached. " ' Mr. Liuzzo advised that he attaches no significance to his receipt of these news clippings at his Teamsters office, Local 247, 2741 Trumbull, Detroit, lichigang except that Since they were mailed from a southern state as is indicated by the postmark on each of the envelopes, they o- may have some connection with the slaying of his wife in March, 1965 in the South. , Mr. Liuzzo advised he has no ides who say have _mai1ed these news clippings to him and he said that they j were received at his office in the normal course of business and were opened and handled by numerous employees. This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your egency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. I 1 i' 4 _ 1 -5 ! 1'-;.I'J*.iGI=UB-E, . j W K»I ii "_ Y - ¬? _qi1;F, _ *T * ¢i¢;i_slZ " _s .__--_,._...._.___..1"!-v i -I '._? _" ' - »-5-_'.T.. --._-__.-.-~ E? H-7-. _". '_-... - ix:1:- -':_+:"* .l_-:3. ~.:._._- .2:T: I! ___1" P I_ *3 _'______H_ _hrvL2 __I_IHE_k_1'r _4Q__T_:_>,____"__H_____%.__l__1__!_ __ J, ______é_____ ___ __ ____ :_ll-_l_ _ I _'______k_||"_I I!:I;|_iv 1f"L, llA¥_ I _$_ ! "&_H __:m_ 92U{ ___ fl! H_E;Egg'|"'l .i_ _ wgg gEgmg___$___Md2__Idag______Ug__O:_EOEWB______M_92_ W___ I _ _'__Ii I__! _:III .I __l|_|_92"ll| _ll ill_.I ___ __AU_*Aw FFJill '__qdf_.______t_~___d_ ._"JO.f_,_:i______92,IL_M _~ % _1 :__ 11' 8"_ 92_. __.______W _____ '.9 L$_ {WW_ IQ, VFH ___?______,__W_ T _ ___$ MW "__ _%hV__;WT3 mmI W Q1 _ _*_ _W ___V _Rv ._ w_ _iV&1. 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I *1, -./_. 92__., *:92i-up-.92..". . .-. -»- "- " '- - _,. ....~...... '-V-».*...: .'..v.1¢.i;->;.;._~...2'.. . 'v-¢ 1 ' g. -- -'-_ "_ ' :- ' 1"- t' l " Site ol ...".-:r_ -- _ .'- I . - A sheriffs deputy in Las Vegas ex- amines blood-soakedgrotmd. W119"! 41' . .» xv _ ~.5" . Ralph Alsup, 54, bqszn s I891 °i -2:-e-92* =e er Plumbers and Pipehtters Local 525, Wns___a!~_$a.'=_s_innl.l d_by an Wednesday 'l1uRT »wll"lr i éT"Wt1o felledhim with _. 3 . ! . _l:4_92--92» 1;~ " ... . _ _ - t i 92 * _ - _ -' -_'92-v->0-n-I-P_- " -_L "5'-I"-l"""¢i-_-" -§1f*t-.--92,v;, -___| ,_.H_,_ ' , ** -;. .i1"iEi-I =4 - ; _, T:. _ ~ . * . e '5 *4 '- ----H .r*"4» A- @" '- i-.--. v.j. .__ .._ 5 _ _,_ _H W slayingn _____ _ ____MM /. . . .. , .. '77-._ ,""""" 4 0 a single shotgun blast...-=.in - . fl"-nl. -..... ..,'_';4-.-.' of his home. Thelabor leader :son, Ralph . Jr, was alertedea:-her bythe famuly 'but dog, failed to spotthe hiddenslay- §r~:'I "r1-18: !. Enxras cc -J RNMBNT l - Memorandum ' -ro = -1» DIRECTOR, FBI M-23601! nxrn: 3/2/66 e-'.i'e-'-¢;et new -T --- H Asnc, . MOBILE mrm~rr1ou= CRIME lm-121153 Reconns P!- DIVISION u - -- ._ .£ WBJECT7 F.UG'*.I~IE TIIOMI92._>, ET -"92I.; & 92.'If-MET AL cases- VICTII-IS 1.111220, aka " 'h C11; EL ._ 0: MOBILE! "' . . e Re BU1et 1/27/66 requesting submission of IC W1"i'C¬ u]~. , e - . " _ ' _ ._ _.. ___=.-_~..-- -{*1 '---..»---¢.-.w--¢-.------.-.4: r n-r'92 Following is current status of prosecution in this r case. A11 three subjectawcre convicted in USDC, Mmh, Montgomery, A1a., 12/3;h5 and each was sentenced to serve ten years. A11 Q three were released on bond and the case is presently on appeal 4 to the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals. -K -1- " ~__ In a separate case, subject THOMAS was sentenced in _ USDC, E=rm3ngham, 2/25/66 to serve two years on NFA convictio Q In another case, subject WILKINS 8p?CaPEd in USDC, Birmingham * 12/20/G rod his probation on a 195; firearms violation was revoked and he is now servin1 the previous one year sentence. . _ I __ Tt is recognized that theBureau may wish to delay 1 the sutukcsion or the IC write-up while the sentence in this _ case is "H Hm>@e1- ..H_<2!."S= "?1T :. .1".J=h@- b5@"<=¢.e11_eoi=if.iea§i¢> -i the Burs-~--. tn that effect, _Mobi.1e will continu_e_pr_eD&rat_1_Qp - -_ . E5? th 1,S '>'f"'it&:-Iipu. 92 F I r~ _u,,_ ~. ._92 - -.'--rlffrfl r9':.r|_llB _ 2 - I-lobil-': B l.II'."-31 r" '_;1IrK 5- M I 1! 1- _ I gor ~~- JTB -» mo]. ' "J _. . - Rm . , 7 *3 qv~.>s>-@o/ - 7/,9, I - lIII-.101--_-g . " ' allnlpzu F 92 _ I 5,, " ' cup '7/A@ - ,11"iP /% kM$!5 F f 92- , Saving: Bands Regularly on the 1_ Payroll J: Saving: i Plan xi -V - V -_-_ ----- _ .¥; 7 ;*7,i; __'_-*_ :' -'_" - .e..I.. ~ - ire ' -7 7 --1-" "."-J .-~';-1-." i.-1* .- ..r ._.,.- I'-.1-*¢q:-~~ 1' 'w~- i "5E *7-"" §3" § - - j *3 -3 ~ :3- --..1. .__.. ____ - r 0 ___IssiBta.z1t'3-JohnBoar r. General Attorney -' March I, ' £98; ' - Mr. Wick '1 '- irector, FBI » P - Mr. Mrs Rosen ' v ' K - Mr. Malley EUGENTI T1,?-wins,AND 0'r1:|3ns - Mr. McGowan MRS. v1oL.n 1.wzz0- VICTIM 4 crvn.morrrs ' - Mr Hinesd_ . L :- /. onMarch 4, ThisI966, isfrom toMr. advise 'you Ross oian inquiry Halthe of receivedZieglerRossby this Agency,Bureau'___M_____ -9255 SunsetBoulevard, Angeles, Ins Celiionita,90069, concerning'-"-r 1' Gary ThomasRowe furnishedwho informationto theFBI leadingto the arrest and convictionthree oi subjectsin connection with theshooting of Mrs.Viola Liuzzo in LowndesCounty, Alabama, on March I965.25, i, Mr. Rossdesired to lmow the whereabouts of Rowe and whetherormt the FBIwould anyhave objections to hiscompany conthctmakingwlthj hi.m'iu'ordoracquire literary rights to Rowe :to ltory. - - I haveadvised Mr.Rosa thatthis Bureauno longerhas any contact with Rowe. -I The above is being brought to yourattention whateverfor ~ . __ action you may deem desirable. - -1 ~92, . . I- -. J " -0 h owl 92 1* iii. * a » i~ - " _. H_h 1-.aA1<'2Rm. 1955 n - - 4-;-. ~-.5 :1 _'mg! W _ A coma-rs: 92/ 5? . - A i - 3.9. _92l F JM ..r Et'a.1,Mrs. Viola Liuzzo, - Victim, Civil Rights, JWH: I NOTE:Rosen Seeto Deboach memo captioned8- I-66, Swmas, "Eugene1 ml ______pk:--1 as--4 u.-.- Cnlldm»Wcnpnii i ' . _ --. _ 1;. . _. 1'_ . 9292'}'1.¬%/1-M@»Z'a"7 _ _ ". S _= _ lo:_ . ' I -_1 7 1B55 ' Emitom-___....__ r .P | _"-"1 ."-"-'P" ' s i ' 7 Tmll :;::| _-.-_..i -?__ ,_Y' ' ' 'c _ . -?'vg~"""""_,__ . _ _T_"-f_- 3, __-4 """"___._ ..__L_. ."1FY"'_ __',___ -_.'I-1'-'rP"1F .. " _____ e -Pr_J3 e __ V" a$w~~~ s ' .- " -_» IIIIIIIII win 1 I Qt-IQ II III! ll l chumunrrsn no. an an s'n92'11=.smqanmnm . his: e , "' "*-" - ._._ Memorandum 0 - - " o . m emf l / _ u/rrt=Ea:-ch 1966 2:: i 1,;'_-;1;:Cindi..- Ton ' " . ' _ Inn I f T|cl'§|j -.-___ non-I = A. Rose_ - m-, 11¢]; J§'.'_.__S Z . ?1! .T" - RosenHr sum-:c'r=rnowxs, avenue. AL; 1:1 - llr. neoezin ,- CIVIL ans.nzcnrs viomi. .iUZZfJ - iriorm ' - Ir. HinesA P/ . -' ['_. -._ 0,; - _ ' alf ess oi the ZieglerBoss Agency,Les Ange1es,¬2 'C California, by letter dated 3/2/66, requested that FBI advise him "of the whereabouts ofGary rb_q;;§§_3_{9pe_enaasked whetheror not ___, _, the Bureau would have any 6E]ection to his company making a.a,a:; contact with Rowe to acquire literary rights to his story; *?**Y* Gary Thomas Rowe was our informant who furnished e ' '7 ¢77 informationsubjects on leading Federal to charges the arrest connection inwith and conviction the of the shooting threeof Hrs. Viola Liuzzo, a c vil ri ht r in Lowndes Alaba a, on 3/25/65. _-92 . It is noted that Hal Ross by letter dated 5/1| VI , to the Bureau suggested that he be permitted to contact Rowe tor the purpose of interesting Rowe in selling rights to his lite sto: By letter dated 5/21/65, he was advised his proposal would be brought to Rowe's attention. This was done. ' - 3 p" ACTION: p . - i 1. Attached for approval is a letter to Hr.iRoss advis: hi __ethat -__. fhone R1 _JT9&L 1 hnl: ___ n_ A 1 -on,e-rr _",r Qnv I-nnfnnf__"-_-- U"| |'1'I__-_ =a_,"11-12 ...... 'I"hn|-mu: Rnn -. and referring him to Mr. John Doar, Assistant Attorney General, C: Rights Division,Department Justice.of i '{ a 21 Also attached tor approval is n letter to Ir. Doar - advising him of the inquiry from Ir. Ross for whatever action the i *3De artmcnt .. ma deem desirable - - __ EC3%/2i".'n_'_i~//_.._f.?! .' - 5?" JW Enélosurcs pa-k_,_ !_:_ %1A¢ L¢f{:' , I _ 92/I. - d£_ _ e _ _B l',R1oB6s L» ;¢F;h. eilteeee fl e {Q7-A *4 J,"-.1» -I: n n p . ' . gs. E .'3H i l"¬.:2a 1 "Q _ . - - . ,-_ .'1 . .| 1--- _' 92- _ * . . _. .. r _. f,__ . -___, jn __ V3,, :, H _Z_| 3 "5~=;~"==~"E¥-"5";-51-i4;li *". 1....,*1',, *,,- t o* *:;.i..e.e-.'e *- >1-".111. ...-,.--»..,.-1-..-"-"--'- -- -'~*~ ~" -""-J" "ff *1 i,:ii;._'.;1,.;;__e...,ie.. - IAY In: narrluu A UNITEDIn-|I92 atum! STATES nu-nu GO92@ YMENT - Q Memorandum ' no = -_ 1musc"r0R. FBI 4-23601! mm: 3/10/66 F , J sac, man oamms 57-3954! P!D ii 1 . ..--__ -i sun}!-lcrz EUGENE Mommas, ET AL; VIOLA GREGG LIUZZO, Aka., ET AL - VIC 'i"IiiS a J ca; 1-:1. 0: MOBILE! Re New Orleans letter to Bureau, 1/20/66, On 3/9/as, Ir - mcrmm nrmnonsr , n eputy " Clerk, "'*"* *'T" -"?~'~' Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals, New Orleans, Louisiana, advised that the Record on Appeal es filed 3/2/56, and -lg in the process of being printed. a W111 advise the Bureau and Mobile of de 1 c s idh in" this matter. 92 92- ill J ' ,_ / _ ' , I, ?z.s . -i-_z9292 ~' 1. ! fT;ii-Burcau t 11 1 92 " 2 Mobil:- 4-12-15! ' -"ff! 2- New Orleans - 92'- ; .9 ml/m ~ ' G. L Gur .nM4l1.l?IIZ{l} :62 _ _? ,:_ K . L av u.s. Saving: am x¢;~z»1, cu :1» Payroll s-3. ; 2:.» V ' t ' 92.._..'.'I!f , 1 G. ~ 4 G, _e er __ l*'T» We er» G G Q G e "'__';-__ :: ;~:!1: *== v4r* ??-~q~#uGE..»92JIn.'92-er za;ewnJm2¬r~1r14~=vw wuIF??I F FIT7 ""I" -- --- I -- --~-- 7 ---- »-- -_------»-~--- 92- - -- ~ .-- |h7 Il!i'4_*I92Y'Ill- <1: .. . .. ,__i_,,,__._w,. - -.- .7, ,,,,,_ ---v-~ -.- -v. -u |._§ ll FQII I lifl Ill ll. G. X. I7 ' UNITED STATES GC RNMENT Memorandum TU Telaau _.-.__ Dtbeeck _._._ D gi0ach ;!y'¢5"1 - ii ---1-. . ' _-. I Id _._...__ I- ROM Cllplr __.i Cllldam _._ A.!R0een 924R{' Geared -_._ Fol: .7 "' .a SUB] I-ICT EUGENE reams;-3 1v»-92T== larch 10, use , 92' _'._..._ i. 0L'LIE urns? 'iILEiii§, ' - 1 .. IILLIAI URYILDE5 ATUH; ll - IRS," VIOLA '1.1vzzo .. .. Dehoach g:6- - _f .1_ Ir. lick °"""""- VICTII Ir, Bosen . 3 [alley {|;P CIVIL RIGHTS _ Ir. lcGQIln92'Ll Ir. Hines Inrtin6alei L1% ! BAG lc overn, Birainghan, advised that'Ii11ial'?f¥W*;1;.aw ,_ Orville Eaton dropped dead of a heart attack on the night 1' " -J of 3/9/66. Eaton, who is one of the three eehjeote convicted If in U, S. District court on Federal civil rights charges in 2 connection with the slaying oi Ire, Viola Liuzzo near Bella, J Alabama, 3/25/65, was sentenced to serve ten years ilgriaoplent. at the time of hie death, he was tree on appeal bond. f 1 This is tor information a n 2? 92/. .4 ! Qgjilze 92,, I :71 ". J 1 40¢ .9 'QC. a r . i 1 J 0 ;>w0"7'qg ,3 mm 16 B55 ll? 92 .,*.al ta-' air-1"?! -" _ Q . _ - --- -7- -_. M ~ 1» " i - uwnen s'r/nkl ea mini J - " Memoranaum ' *0 .4. DIRECTOR, FBI nu-2<:6o '" 2/15/66 7; . I --e Attn: _ __; - < FBI _-; -. Laborntor ~ . '* FI- 1 sac,moexm nu-12u5! P!' ' ''- SUBJECT1 THOMAS,EUGENIQJAL; ET VIOI-A GREGG LIUZZO, aka ET AL - VICTIMS 92 CR; EL O0: Mobile! H"~ reportof Sig 12/Q/65_ I I Mobile b7 - reflecting; that all three subjects were found guilty in USDC, MDA, on 12/3/65 and were sentenced to a period of ten years I. '" in custody of the Attorney General. The matter is presently - on appeal to the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals. _ - one box Therecontaining is beingevidence returned herewith utilized Mi b7 by Hailwa Expre s -'+ , in the trial in instantcase. V H , - . ."I 92 4: §!--1 - P3.Ck¬".[§G Bureau - _ " - I r_i ,' - - ' ! JRC:gre2 - Mobile oI /L/' . 9; ,_ +- _ K 7 J , I - -3 1'Hi Q5 . ~ [H14- I, Li, ---.~ I. r- .1!-/J!_ " ___ evseerrzasseo" " I-$1 an- ui z iv _ _ 92- , -P '0Q9! .| 1', 0 1 » .,' . 9292 - _ z 9i'! A'i!_: ."."'H" - .i e '_' '-- - ':'1 Q , -11, -_ T-}:_.'5§,_f;{_-I-;_";- ;",.;-""""'*1'_3 ti. -_*=';=.~§T.2? i92 .'1'$ !T J -4-? ---I A ____ ' ' '3~'I¥§.L°'é1'Y};'¥m <.~.<£'1-Wm GN, i ' Memoranaum ~ " ' TO Z - w __.. DIRECTOR, FBI 4-2860].! _ DATE: 4/21/55 F11 .-2M"'1 M w -i A ' 1 __. ~.~ r " JE°"= nucsma Tiionms ET AL; -¢"'»-". vxom cnEcc Re New Orleans letter to Bureau, 3/10/66. y _, _. 5th Circuit CourtOn 4/19/es, of Appeals, llr. nxcunan New Orleans, nmnnonsr, Louisiana, Deputy Clerk, II de o _ availablee zwo copies of Order Dismissing Appeal -of IIQLIQQ - _, _/ ORV_1_L1,§__l92_!§1OII, #23289, filed 3/17/66, copy of which is . ; * / x enclosed for the Bureau and £obi1e. ' 92 will advise the Bureau and lobile of decision in this matter. _ 92< F I - _ " $ : 056* 1 s63 - Bureau Enc. 1! ' -_- Mobile 4-1245! Enc. 1! i - New Orleans CLH/scr Q!I - an I J ,1, -T 1; 92- REC as +4"rJ""' f""""e,.' .....- 55 QPRZ/{B55 ..._h LL.,- ._J-_ 92.. . _ ~ 4 1 _ . _- 92__-_.__--_ .92 . . 92 . - 92 _ -_ -' 4., __ rm. i I _ -_-_,, _ - .... A . _, _. t. ,-__ .__ 3 ,,_ .11 .1. -;_ . --l.r _-r .3 . _.-._.---. . I ;_: I , ,_,., -:9;-_,,_?__}_ .-1 .._:':',f;. 1¬-_.,___. _ _ , ,_. ' ,.'. _'._._H ._:_ ,_ __ .___ ¢ .. J _. a _ I . - ,._. . g.» j -I -I Q! .03 3 r - I :. - I I _.-_,r - - I I 4:- .'I3Emfzzmmxr.scc:mw:.zm:m1rmz.*.rn*mcrxcn - 92 i- H0. 2-T .-2C3 I-_II-ll-0-can--i |n - -- ~ t_------ -A-J~..-.~ ___' --.. .-1---.4;-:'_~__n-.--_-._~ ~ ~__-;-_- ______.T _.___:_;:. ______ _. wmnn . - I . oavrzm and n.v:c:1, E£y,~--o-L: '; -2.1,.-_:.:. - 22::-2'; G71?" ;_-_.::::::sL.:3,&$|- -- 92 ¢a;92>=>1...*~=~:z92 jvoz -.45 ' I . 92 Eppallsa ¢ _ 1 I i-Q-gig . - - ' ..-:'2}'1ct Cc-.:;'t -nu > I i I r E lI92I-sq lllulilhi e qlvnolmIn ion nonno-mow , II!. n O Q00-In ll III. Q3. 3 II 'Iolnan...___._ UNITED S'I'/92'I'l'§S G0 _.RNMEN"l' Du-[Jodi 1 Iuln_....._._ Memorandum In:-I:-___ CulId|u..._.. '1" = hffgoseie/ GoaIcl._._ mom = CjL. Mc '.§§i6¢g/ l§ Gull-_...._... V w-1-s May 10, mas IuIn_.._ sua_usc'r= EUGENE THQMAS, ET AL; Isl nn_...... _ VICLABLIUZZO - VICTIM t - 1. £__._ Tuiii-i -.-1 . CIVIL RIGHTS - Mr. Rosen M" Tall. H Mr. Maliey ' nu? - r. McGowan - Mr. Hines , if; I - Mr. Hudson '* ' _ ¢ At 7:15 p. m. , Bt. John Barrett, Civil Rights Division {Z of /H !_, . the Department, telephonicaliy contacted Extra-Duty Supervisor F. J. "_- * Hudson and advised the Department has received an inguiry from _____i"' A Associated Press regarding a statement made by Art Haynes, 3" for the subjects, who had allegedly stated Eugene Thomas would never i B oe brought to triai in I-iaynevilie, Aiabama, because the F edera1 Govern- ment would not make Gary Thomas Rowe available as a witness. Barrett wanted to be advised the rst thing on the morning of 5-11-66, whether or not a request has ever been received by the Bureau concerning making :wn 'vVé afa abie for testimony. ' Supervisor was contacted and he advised he would tr. contact Barrett on the morning of -11-66. ACTION: g For record purposes '1". ' *~"+~{ ' . ,'_/ f s b .- . '3 : !9;Yr FJI-1: ! hw f] ~ fawn /»" ' '["511- _- F Ii '1 , 'Yxvnk n M I L W1 hi----1F "P, I 1sMAf12l9B8 B Q , * .4 '1? Q ;.._ a r 1» L , . 2 !~f{ __ F '; _ u . . _ -n . R -_ W'7i?7 _ _ -i"92~*F 'I _ _ _ ._. .._--_ if -.-1* * 1-__l__' Jtl :2?-*i_sr§f,+»v+ -4': 1 _ I , 3 / . . 0 II v . Ir. 1'0ilnl_...... , 92 Lt -' 2»? - , ll. t. ntwh" 1!!-.'l'u| nvsllcl Ir. Del/Itch __ 5 ,,,; - ' fI'| IIl92lWI""|WlWW'¬Ill;I"ORwmnummrous stcnun Ir. Ihhr ..____ Ir. Wiek___.. ,If'r-1-1 II" ' I Hr. Oupu-__..... h -'~,. R-'~ . il'ELEI'YPE'Ir. CnIlnhlll._ lg. Fern u DC _ Ir. Felt .... ll. W. u-._. Ir. l31vll...... FBI HOBI LE Hr. Mr.fuel ___... l rnuer._..._ Tel 0. loo|n.___ user:/csr mean swss um Hm H »nne|___ to: n zcron <44-eason l£lIBnd1.__.. - 1 1 /, mom nos1|..=: <44 1245: 43 / Q 1.4743 r Emmi moms; at nu 'vio!.A Game Luzzo} tr Al.-VICTI CR-EL. 00 mans. l R I __ run 1nr_om~m1on or au=:mu,'rou.ou1ne mronmnou nmm more non mom-:21 ADVERTISER -no umu., mamas smnon, um: CTED THIRTEEN , INSTFN T. - HEADLINE nous nor AVAILABLE 1-on navnzvn.1.: man BYLIN E: REPORT SAYS I- BI INFORMANT FED UP . ." -I 1 nu: man. or A sznoun xu . mux . -xmusm: ACCLBI-ID IN msP 92 KILLING OF CIVIL RIGHTS UORKER, VIOLA LI |-ZZO, HAS POETPONED THURSDAY REPORTEDLY BEDAISE THE FBI CANNOT IDCATE ITS STAR | WITNESS , INFORNAHT GARY THJ MS ROUE ATTORNEY GENERAL RIC!-Il'DND FLOWERS SAID JUEXSE T UERTH THAGGHRD INFORMED HIE HE FIRST '.' . __._ _ 9", I;-92_'.'l9292DEGREE nuR0£R mm. or zusmz mo ms nu. hog-Bp cau.m nan IE1-2K IN nm~n»:v1Ll.E i J FLOWERS sun as I " HAS'Asxsomat Q .tg1a£icnz2n.£n -.§ - H FOR7" Q tn:-: cc azn mm . . or coun. . . N? =" P R 6 ! t M in Y11lQl92|§ i;1'1B£., ~.:" 4., 'uurzn PRESS I 1urmuAr1op51"§,n;g;gg5n sronv- '- ' I - 'V ll ! 0 ...@92 _ . a --~i._ _ YA -. ._ _ . * ' . < - s M0 4431245 PAGE THO rnunsomr 11 Has saw mron man av A rzoznm. orrxcm. tum Roux-: A - WILL NOT BE AVAILABLE FOR ANY FUTHER TBTIPDNY IN THE LII-ZZO I CASE » UPI SAID IT WAS TOLD THAT ROWE HAS A SIGNED STATEMENT J V . FROM THE U . S. OH ARTMENT OF JISTICE SAYING THAT ROWE WILL NOT 4 __ _,._. - . ..1. _' BE ASKED TO TESTIFY FURTHER,= = A, - " " I -7 THE STORY SAID ROWE HAS HAD A BELLY FULL ? OF THE CASE _ 1 mu um1s___No FURTHER PART 01-" it. " A - T.-" BIRMINDHAPI ATTORNEY ART aA§:s uuo TOOK ovm 01.-zrsnsn or --'- THE THREE KLANSNEN AFTER KLAN ATTORNEY HATT MURPHY WAS KILLED '- IN AN AUTOPIJBILE ACCIDENT, SAID THLRSDAY THAT JLDGE THAGGARD I ~ ' ,A TOLD HIM THE TRAIL WAS POSTPONED BECALSE THE FBI COULD KIT LOCATE . , . Q1-- nun.-|92 u-imsun.-iu UONTAIRFIED_-..-_-__.-._ Q-1-_ THIS STATEMENT. _.-. @-__._.__' ~ " '- ''-'1 LDUNDES COLNTY DISTRICT ATTORNPI ARUTHLR BANBLRSAID THAT THE FBI DID NOT ACTUALLY SAY ROWE CANNOT BE LOCATED. GAMBLE SAID HE CALLED THE FBI BEFORE "THE TRAIL TO FIND OUT WHETHER ROWE WOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR TESTIPDNY . HE SAID THE FBI TOLD I-IIH ROPE HAD BEEN TURNED OVER, ID THE JIBTICE DEPARTMENT, AND -- fnm he FBI vo um coxmcr tn; JLBTICE nsvnammr nrmgnsvs I ' 3 ,n.5 _ _ ..- L mans "man ID contact em-m.'»:.92_ . V - . ';' I- - aw PA E um " * 1 . ,_ . I - A n, . _. ,. - --r vI92- ._- - ' ¢ 5 1 . !_."%=..92-:A - .' ? -- ;<' __ _. :~ 1 J 1- - _ _ M , . ..;.;_ ., . : _ . ' ¢.-_.- . " Q -' ~t 1 :1 ~ - . . ; 5?? » A I .' - 0 ID 44-1245 . _ A PAGE THREE BTHBLE SAID HE NEVER HEARD FROM THEN AND THAT HE HAD NO -. E CASE BE FOETPONED HE DAID HE COULDNOT CON DLBT THE TRAIL UITHOUT THE STAR UITNESS 6"- L-'1? -I» _"'-'."'9.-¥_@*»?-"~ ~I i . __ --.92-I. FIDUERS DENIED THE REPORT THAT ROBE COULD NOT BE FOUND. " THERE IS NO BASISTOR SLDH A REPORT, HE SAID. HE UILL BE AVAIl..ABL£,_il-{EN we ARE READY T0 my nu: suxr,-y-mums rou§ uP1'.1 LNI TED PRESS OLDTED THE FEDERAL OFFICIALS SAYING THEY IFBI! 1 mow um-zns HE 1s.. as Just won '1 coma aacx m rssnrv i =nz's mu A sun ruu_, mars au.. as 1 UNDERSTAND 11, an mo not UANT TO TESTIFY IN FEDERAL COLRT, BUT THE JLBTICE DEPARTMENT _ _ PERSUADIFD mu to . tum HE GOT A s!rsN1-in STATEMENT THAT H1: UOULD [UT HAVE TD TESTIFY AGAIN ." ' 92- - _ U . __ I-IAINEB ALSO TOLD THE LPI THAT ROWE DID NOT UANT TO TESTIEY AGAIN - " THE FBI HAD A HELL OF A TIME BETTING HIM TO TBTIFY IN r.onm0mm," HE sun. , " A ' --» -1- .__.. rm: an 1121.1-.: s Q I 0 -1- -- " I- . D ' -92 . A A Q I . _ - . W 1 _ . . . _ .._..__.-.._.,__q..,-...... --_-- ..~T _.>-....-.. .__._'_ _-qua-_--_:~+ :f-_;-; f - H0 44-1245 " '' - ',-1T':__-_f.-' :1 . V - 5; PAGEFOUR ' ~ '_ sunzau mfé asim rmzvwusu nnvzssp rnaronu contact or sms1.:% REGARDING DISTRICT ATTDRNEY ARTHUR GM'BLE'S STATEHENI QBOUE, ' ~. I urn: mans orncz was GM-BLE_'S IELEPPDNE cam. to sAn b7<_ APRIL Ivauw-No, LAST, IN IHICH annsu: INQLIIRED ,umc£m1us EVIDENCE. IN sass, to unucu sn_m=:r1-znnzo snnauz ,5-; __ to ms DEPARTI-IENT. GAPBLE 010 not DISCLBS GARY moms noun um 7 saw, mm no com~n&ms' REARIJLENG nan: wan: mus. P. b7 92 _ , ,. 5"" ' ;.'-'" .9, Ha...coRR£cI1onsW PAGE~-'l U0- LINE-EIGHTIORD tuna: ART I-IAINFS PAGE THREE LINE UORD FOlR "THEN" arm , rs: nsn ac - tu _ -- ~ U ' I . - 1 }_¢ ~ I--1 _' -3 r . | ' L " - - *1 $ 1Il _i.~~1-: * V 7 ' ' I 7 L IIt 7 __ ' ' 7 Memoranggn UNITED sTA'|'r;su0 h/IENT . 69* P . I 1 'i-'r"'i--. -r""""- CIIJ m = llr. Dehoaclr _ I " mm ay 11, 1956 _ 41%};-'/ -ffol; - I:/,1/". ' I10!-vI..._.i.... - -- ~ 1 1 - Hr. Deboach - -'P "" ""-~ah. Bell _i F*°** = A. osenf_ . 1 - Hr. Rosen _ _ _ 1; ' 1- - HI . Ia," ,1, 92 v 1 - Hr. McGowan §, SUBJECT EUGENE ms. VIOLI 'r1rcr.ms, Lxuzzo - s'r AL; VICTIM 1 -- Ir. hr.HinesRick ' ' ~ - - cxvn. amnrs 3--r d . Hr. St. John Barrett, Civil Rights Division of the Department advised on 5/10/66, that the Department had received ,/Q an inquiry from Associated Press regardin a statement made by K Art Haynes, the attorney for the subjects in this case, who had In allegedly stated that Eugene Thomas would never be brought to - f, trial on the state murder charge in ayneville, Alabama, because ,_ lthe Federal Government would not make Gary Ihggggi hge available as n witness. Barrett desired to know wHether or not a request had ever been received by the Bureau concerning making Rowe _ available to the state for testimony. . N; __ It is noted that of the three subjects in this matter, . Collie nF§T E1 zno Leroyj ilgins and was acquitted. was tried by Subject the state William for the Orvillefiztgnmurd of 4 who was not tried by the state is now deceased. s hject Eugene Thomas has never been tried on the state charges. The Government produced Rowe to testify before the state grand jury and in the two state trials involving the subject Wilkins. The Bureau has i received no request to produce Rowe to testify at the state _{. trial of Eugene Thomas. A check was made with the Birmingham . and Mobile Offices and they advised that no such request had been received by those offices. Mobile advised that the only contact they had received from state_authorities with regard to this matter was on 5/10/66. * - - I-L -- -_ -_ - --__ " .":'. datelealled ,.m»" l Alabama SA Q Attorney General for the Richmond purpose Flowers ofadvising on thathim that in the Iuture Circui So icitor Arthur Gamble would have absolutely nothing to do with the case involving Eugene Thomas, an said that the state might bring Eugene Thomas to trial in the Fall Heof madethis year norequest at which and time 811- they did might not want comment us to on locate Rove.the matter 0% way or the other. _ - -- 0%. ' 3? . '§" /PM» -- ' - gm-W1 4 92'-.i3*-I /./J. 1' "' "' fa " . ?92""'?' Memorandumto a Leach ; BE: EUGENE moms, E1 AL; , ";{-'1 Mr.3t. JohnBarrett on 5-11-66, Ias advisedof ' th above information. He was specifically advised thnt_ the§FBI had not received any request concerning making Rowe available to the state for testimony. Hr. Barrett was also advised that in the event such a request was received by the Bureau, it would be immcdigtgiy rgierred to é the_ ___ _ __ De art p? __men 1-. . ..;.*.;...... ,_,,;;...}.',-.1."Y'._,_..".- *"- ='' " =" W" F -"" " " . --1 >9 ACTION: ' For information. ' . 4 , . 94 1/ W 92/ ~= I in -5 1 2 I _' -4. '~- ii; 5- ---- _.q....,.. ; _--r-v --II-i- --t ______ Q ' A $3.. - UNITED STATES GOV KNMENT H _"_ M emorandunt ' Ilcl._-in Camel ._..__._ lr.1. Fell _i.._ to =.M.r"1w=en"¥;,:/ 4- . ~ -Mn-== May12.1966 link { /-t. I, ::::.'.. -~_. FROM . P4. 'OW uJ1 7 _ ! }-{IR Mr. Maney lg Ju: °a _ __ - ,.7 - Mr. McGowan svBJwr= EUGENE MRS.VIOLALIUZZO THOMAS, ET - AL. VICTIM - Mr, HinesHudggn é ""' I CIVIL RIGHTS .- _ . . . .1 lo. __./ 6 :1 6 a ' At 11:30 p. m. , 5-12-66, SAC James McGovern, ' Birmingham, telephonically advised the Bureau that United Press ' International had contacted him at 9:15 p.m. , Central Standard Time , 1:15 p. m. , Eastern Daylight Time!. The reason for calling was e a story was circulating attributed to Art Haynes, attorney for the ' *' subjects, to the eiiect that the state trial oi Eugene Thomas was - called off because the FBI cannot find Gary Thomas Rowe, the informant. SAC McGovern replied to UPl s inquiry with No coiinment.!' SAC McGovern also stated that UPI said a second story was circulating attributed to a "reliable Federal official in 11/Iontgomery, Alabama, to the efiect the FBI knows where Rowe is but that'Rowe is reluctant to testify in view of the fact he has previously testified on the '- same matter. - ' SAC McGovern advised there has been no request made ' oi the Birmingham Office nor has there been any request made of the ' . ivioi:-iie Ofiice regarding the whereabouts or e'va.iiab it"y of Gar? Thoinas .5 f Rowe. ' ~ - __, _.*' __- The Civil Rights Division oi the Department advised on ' the 5-10-66,same that information. an Associated Press inquiry gr U-3 had been received _ concerning_ A ,3 -, ' ACTION: , RIG;-' ' 1-. / 7 / ':__;__ -'. 1';-'_I '~' ____,___ I H sséiiia: Crime - . Records Division been advised. A 7 Q gm 1 5 1955 1 I . » r _ . J _ ., ,4 777* -E -H i 7 iviji uni I if _7V - ' ' F _,_ , _ __ V ___ _ ,,,,_ , . 1., , . . ,...... _. 1 lI 1 4--~ ------ - YIIQMAQMIX II / 92 1| -IQ / II-All IllI I co. IUIDII ecu.an no. Tgl-5 ____i uumzn STATES 00* .NME'.NT " 2, ;-'* - -- Ilet ....._.._...i Memorandum §§§--r: _ , Fall__.i = H r."'Rosen" DATE: May 12,1966 ~ / U - Mr. RosenG A _§S'..l._'_.___ ARON. 1... M Go0 _ "P" - -Mr.MR M1118?McGowan *"1'.i ° -I._._'-"';7L'* -~ - ' - Mr. Hines sua_|1=.c"r= EUGENETHOMAS, ET AL. - M;-_ nu son MRS. v1oLa"1.wzzo - VICTh vl i cwn.monrs v " M _ , at hm: .. Ufh |:=n=nn1;»;-....i_r-92..L.. C5--92-92-"IQ.-.-f. M7»- talked ru,with u.&92-IASAC in 111- Edward, U In S. UV, Miller .|.uu-La. at Linc,Mobile II-IPGIVJOUI.concerning iniormglon the Ix92- the Department received relative to Solicitor Arthur Gamble allegedly . having inquiriedof SAW three or fourmonths concerning? ago the availability oi iniorman. ewe to tes iy at the state trial oi Tmmas. to RowebeingASAC Miller available advisedmade that Gamble testify didtoin fact not andcont hasct-relative talked not J tog Gamb1e_since Septemberor Qctober, 1955. !§AC _._iuer tun-h_.-erQvisemi. that Gamble has not discussed the subject with any Agents of the Mobile _ Qilice regarding Rowe'savailability. - '' $ P at On the 4-22-as, Selma,GambleAlabama, didtelephonically AgencyResident contactsaidsn iandl>'?;. was he' . notreparing make hisany case inquiries for trialconcerning and inquired regal-dinS Rowe. advised evidence. GambleHe did that any questions he had should be directed to the Department of _'7 - Justiee. e . ASAC Miller also advised hetalked with sac iicoovem at Birmingham who stated Gamble has not contacted any Birmingham - V AgentsACTION: regardingRowe's availability. <-=3¢i_ _z?,..!-Z '. J r = G -- ~"i L | _,r-L .-< ""'* * For recordpurposes. [I 5;; - u My 151955 . IA, . F9.g?**w H r ,_ ~ & 14/ 'i'i;T%_° 1 . t ti ' J ... _ , _._ - _ __ -I-_ ~ , * ' ' ' . .' _ - _ .- ' , ._ ' --| -1' _ 1 " - , Z -J112 , ~ ~; __' L,*92___ ~ . _ -em 7 _|~___ V i - . ef I _ _ - -nun»:-fh la--. v -1-01- -Q ..,____ ._.,, __ 1 ' 33 at-.c»' ",.:-.~-f'r.'iR5"";?;'-§§; . Q5. -*- 0 ' D J Ir. John Dear a-;1e.uee at _Ts'!'etautGeneral~ Attorney1 -'.an-. Bel-ouch . 1% -1, 1 - Ir. llosen "5- ?rector,_ . I111 1 Hr H _alley e "- ' O II are HCGOIQII SUGEIIE "mania,AND 0l lL';RS; Ir. Hines l ms. vaann-» wzzo .. ucnu ; Ir. Iick cum. nlcurs " " ~e .:» o /¢-/ This will contirn iniorantion iurniahed to /L . - Ir» St. John Barrett or the Civil llighte Division eu - - I lay 10, 1936, in respouoo to hie inquiry concerning a /0 / lugoneItatemcnt allegedly Theme,eho node reportedly by Artatatcd Haynes, that Thomas the attorney vould tor ~- _.;,_,_,-~~-.-. never be brought to trial on the state charge oi alurder in connection with Ira. Viola I-iu::zo'sdeath, because the Federal Government Iould not make Gary Ihonaa love ; _ available ea_e_"Ii.t*.:1e5||u Hm;3_ ; 92 -_ -l_ . I;A gig ,92 _ ' - I" __ on 11 d'1IQd " 1 I to tho FBI had not received any request to make Roveavailable; 1 3, to the mate tor tentiaony, and that in the event such a - ;' ,-e -,- request was received by the Bureau, it Uould be iniaodiately I ;3::;=:reiorrcd to the Department. j ;92n. '-~ 1 I In-. Barrett's attention vaa celled to a contact e .-.. made by Alabama Attorney General Richmond Flowers I!-th ' - § I'DipccialAgent For our *~ile Otticeon lay10, ¥>'?o...-. H. 1956, fmrcin . overs advised that in the tutu:-e . Circuit Folicitor Arthur Ganhle IOU <1 have nothin to do *1 with the cane involving Ivonne 'l'hom:1a.I'lovera._,eaid that,, t, 1; the Btu : oi Alehnaanight bringThomas trialto in the E.» loll oi this year at which time they night not the FBI ' u to locateRove. made e request no Special and Agent- did not cmmnent on the matter one vay or the ether. _ _' "Yul.-we.. __ . 1 e l*'lovar192.__.... Ihln_.i__.__ On lay 12, 1906, Hr. Barrett edvieed that the Q Mei ______"Department had received information indirectly to the " I-Hp" eiiect that Solicitor rthor Gamble had lade inquiry oi llidl l Special I1 .-:nt teeidcut Agentat Belnn,Mahala, 5" about tlu-on months ago concerning the availability 0! love..to tentity at the etate trial ot Thoma. Ir. Barrett",- requested thathe hei 92l|l;niehc-6 detnilaoi anyouch/contact. *5" -- -v--1 -_--i. 1 '~ K»-..»~1=<~»=1////-'~'*"':TT JIB:rau'n non: sen"95;§:=» Del-o 1!3s!5Y¢92§§55 :3"- 1'-:55-T--3 9!I7n"' | A ,1 ca t ion.~ <1- M -'/1 '- .-. - lr uh: Daar ,_ _.- V- a .,,£.. ». ...'--"~-_ In rcuponm to this request Special Agent i5§¢. statcn that Solicitor Ganbl 0 I: 'as not contacted him .7 ' relative 1 Ewe being mud" rvnllablo to tettlt otatcd iw hrr that he has net. tallcd to Gamble I since Geptember r October, 196 0 April 22, 1986, olnitor ' Gamble did talvphonically contact Special Agent bu. at elm, Alabama. in: said that he us wepnnng . 1 0:10P cane tor trial and inquired regarding the av deuce. Fe 1 not mks any inquiries: concerning lulu 7 Special A vnt adviéed tbllcitor Gamble can my _'b?c.._ qucstionn h" hm] should bc directed to tho Du par t neat o£_ - J ~s:t1-:c n. d Je did not cumnut tux-that continuing the 11--1'.;.:'?'3- .. -'5}; . Rifle! - -1 :-0-3;». ;~=.»?*¢~} Jr - 4 -.-_~" 1 "."'."-.- " I cent statcnerla b-wv. qppeaz-ed in the public press cor crning the availability of Gar: thou: nova £0: ;_ tastuuan; 1 the state trial of Bu ellu Thumam You ll! - ; ,_;;b-_t . vi beate-v¬r n mnul en-warning t 1-t the FBI In-weha: or Mr" hi availability no cement to to the ten 117.IS ' W .. 4;. Q ' ' 1 . .1-7'-,_l tb 1. I;- qt s , 1 in lr . R-"_:_x ..- .,~ 92 __--|.92-_ l r 1 ' 3 t *1- .15,~ _ v ,. E 1 r ,-..,,-.._ .,.; j ,_ 4141 J i1L j I-1; _ __-u-.--Q-_p--,.-...-. -p-. ---....-._ wk. I __ 2.»->=-I4 ; 0 p Q _.-qr »..__ 0uu~,uo.uu.|vuurn-:0 swrrss"asmsm ' Q '_ _' 'I ' 3 .t" *___i3llIlII --- lid -.-...... _i Memo ra naum ' Cau-v 2::-.-..'-..-_.-. _-: ~ :'DeL0achfS '°-*"=16, 1966_-_ _ ,. Mar _ mos =T#_ E_wick A I '-:.':'.. ..- _ 1 /' » " SUB-IE<=T=MRS. VIOLATHOMAS,LIUZZO EUGENE VICTIM- ,- ETAL.; - ' 'E E cwm moms - - WU ' I " ' I =/ Mr. DeLoachReferencedated May13th, copymade memorandumattached, which toit isMr. was in I recom-=Rose R / '7' from mendedapproved and John that Doar, Assistant AttorneyGeneral, -3Civil '_ Rights Divisbn,Department Justice, of assuredbe that the FBI had ' made no comment whatsoeverto thepress re the availabilityof Gary ThomasRowe to testify thein forthcomingstate murdertrial oi-. E _- Eugene Thomas.On this memorandum, Director the noted:"0.K. but E I don'tunderstand we'don't why anyone contacting tellour Field repre- " "" Fieldsentatives thisin contact tocase. H. "the Dept.as havewe - "nothing 'more to do--,--".9 inFederal _ * ' In accordancewith theDirector's weinstructions, will E _ I thiscontinuematter to torefer any the Departmentinquiries receive r the wepress concerning from. . ' RECOMMENDATION: J w._Q t-. c ' I' ' '-T . None. For information. ' ~ 'A Enclosure r. '- .- - - L- _-Mr.1 -Mr. Rosen Deboach ,- _ , . k - - - I .-.. "~ _£ -I j . . , , Q " TEB:par_,- ' _ I . ; _ I4! . e; __,§__ -"fl" '_ "E$1 I . ' "' ;'___;.-JLI.---'-I| I I-u-e»=¢!Ill!¬ . L, 5'7*4li|su6 ' "Al .- A D iii -1-3 ? E is .::it -I ~ " . I92' ...n _r~--.4 _ ; ;- .. . A - '_- . .._ mA_~-- ?1.*If-92,?"¬» ; -.» ~.'E-=° "" *"? J-_-_. ..____-:,_.____-_,-,=_¢- ..'!':r-- -'=_"'?"': -@- -_E - . - _ 7 _._. ___n _Ve_.._ _ L"§}'3~Eb"°§;.-re ooymusm 1% ' ' 3*? M " 677107 anaum =3;-- s ve? ' Fell - . Gee "1e -_ =llAr-__hoaoh 'mm - 13,laya - 1966 1 }.'.'.'.i."-___._ °'f"305011 J. 1 - Ir. Deboach _ 1' 1 I1 . R0581! 1 - -. suaywr-EUGENEms. VIOLA muzzo - tr aL.;moms, vwrnl 1 _ 533,151, .-_§ * " cxvn. szonrs 1 I :2 312: -g _ The United Press International in a'release dated 5-12-66 stated "FBI inforner Gary Thomas Rowewill not W . testify again against three Kn Kluz Klansnen in connection ' I . , with the nightrider slaying of Mrs. Viola Liuszo. ThQ_fygg?T§ :§§§ release quoted a federal official who refused to be s*" ¥~*>3 *i* identified as stating that Rowe "has had a belly full. 1 '"" _ "They the FBI! know where he is, he Just won't comeback -i to testify. The release further quoted the Federal . 3 officialFederal as Court statingin the that Federal Rowe did trial notin want December, to testify1965, I:ich" i g, resulted.in conviction of the three subjects but the i Justice Department pursuaded him to and he then got a P signed statement that he would not have to testify again. ; As you were advised by my memorandum of5-ll-66, § Mr.9John Barrett of the Civi1_Rights Division on 5-10-66 - 5 advised that Department had received an inquiry from f Associated Press regarding a statement made by Art Haynes, . the attorney for Eugene Thomas to the effect that Thomas . Iould never be brought to trial on a state murder charge I t because the Federal Government would not make Gary Thomas r ¢ orRowe available notasa request toa witness. produce Rove Barrett inquired testimonyfor as.toa thether statein i_ ' trial had been received by the Bureau. Barrett was advised on 5-ll-66 after a check with - our Mobile and Birmingham Offices that the FBI had not lb received any request to llk love available to the ltate for testimony, ,. if i ;W__;g%"_.; ;_ 1 Inc_losurqan1-92-g":IT-I2-4_ . $_ ESP? 0:30;] 13313 5 I, 7 . '* .m1=¢ . '1 ' oourmusn- ovra ' -*1. T I . . --a . 3- ' ""'¢ J 3: '1 7 A - . . at I Q ! I In "V V . .| 0 6 f V .- _ ..- e l ' ...- - ; " _ a _.. - '~- . - |pA [4 --- ,- ' - + " k _ i 'E qCII §UTuE6 T 1 if - ' ..-92.' I ,- 1]" , "M ' _ . 0 .1. n ... it ~we., ."°_;v'~i- .-.....*"'.=_g,-,-_ ,;~,-.~,-,:@_:?;»?'*.*...*'"_.-.""92-_ - sf- ~~-qrféhr-~és; as -=..f- ;.-sew".-sr2e:'x..:n:z===*-"'*..*" . ,, . Nemorandum to ltr. De!-each - as: sugars moms _ _ ,_ h § I Floairs Barrett on 5-10-66 was advised had contacted Alabama S Attorney General oi Richmond the IobildA + Office tor the purpose oi advising h m xa n the future 'Circuit Solicitor Arthur Gamble would have nothing to do ' with the case involving Eugene Thomas. He to1d_that r . ltbe state might bring Ihomas to trial in the tall, at ehich ' time they might want the FBI to locate Rowe. Flowers made -r 0 1 . no request and SA_did not comment on the matter one way or the other. Barrett was advised that ii any such .|- request was received by the Bureau it would be immediately - reierred to the Departmeht., - _ - u -II Subsequent to above on'5-12-66 Barrett advised that e _!_.=,. ....,..- the De P Partmcnt had received a rumor tnom the ress that " _ ;1~¢' .. '55,Q4- Solicitor Arthur Gamble had made inquiry of SA b Resident Agent oi Sela, Alabama, three or tour mon thF_aE3'7C concerning the availability of Rowe to testiiy at the state trial oi Thomas. Barrett desired to knee ii there'was any ,- merit to _this rumor. . - 'say has advised that Solicitor Gamble am not contact him ative to Rowe being made available tc>testiiy 7'0 and Frye stated that he has not talked to Solicitor Gamble. since September or October, 1965, which was prior to the S |i e_dera1 trial of Thomas and the other two subjects. ,_ I é _ ASAC Edward S. Miller of the llobile Office on 5-12-66 advised that Solicitor Gamble has not discussed the Mobilesubject Oiiice. oi availability He said oi thatRowe on with 4-22-66any Agents amble oi b § Z telephonically contacted SA t"Se1na, q L . Alabama, and said that he was preparing the Thomas case '" for trial and inquired regarding evidence. He did not nnke any inquiry concerning Renee BA iadvised 59% Gamble that any questions he had shoulmlirected tb the Department oi Justice and made no further comment; This information was iurnished to Ir. Barrett on 8-13-66. R . On the night oi :~:--12-es sac McGovern oi the Birmingham Office advised that United Press International had-contacted him at 9:15 Pm. and advised him that a etory,__-. was pirculating attributed to Art Haynes, attorney tor OJ Thomas to the ettect that the state trial oi Thomas was called oti because the FBI cannot iind Gary Thomas Rowe, ' 4 e __BAC lc overn answered the United Press International e 4 inquiry--eith , "no comment." ' _ | . _ _ - _ . F - .. ' e ', . V n ¢ _ _ F-Q if 1- - _ . ggsza V ' 4:. 0 _ Iemorandum Ir.to Dehoach .f _ BE:. ~- EUGENE THOMAS. , F:* ' _ 5 As indicatedaboveDepartment the been h - " has receiving inquiries trom thepress andit is true that ' 3K Rowe didnot want to testify in the Federal trial of the i _ three subjectsin Hayneville, Alabama, late November,in E- 965. qTfe' A . _ » I . 1 » v b'7'9 " {'1 ' . I "l .5 . 92 . ACTION: __ "* ' _ Attached tor approvalis a letter to John Boar, Assistant Attorney General, Civil Rights Division, doniirning ' the information furnished to Mr. Berrett,-and assuring hi! - that the FBI has made no comment whateverto the press ' relative to.the availability or Rowe tor testimony. ' = 4/ J9 W wn ' a1.'.-1>. ~=- 5~»m~ mf~'sL,._%win.Mr- t E . ,,¢<>q-na_'t%>§Z92iTtQr I I . _ O " . ="~' '° ' '' %I: _-1 - __ 92 I P . > ' ' . a ' l -v @-~ . 92 . I Z '.r.. _ F _ :'1-".-v1_'~_£",I--- qr» -q--» ' "*';'-"-'5- -- ' 7 . " 92" --up - 4 ~ - »-1;- -- - w 2- ~-~- ,8-+"¢."..."" t > --- ------~~ ------ *4¢4 >. f::.»..--i__ I . _..._ 4:-F- .1. ._ 92 ______..______,.. ,. _ _.___ _ .. . . . 1-=P"~:..._..._ . _..._---....__--_------ -U- - V DeLoach ..__._, 9? Q? 1.. llohr ____,___ I lick _..__,___ Casper _..._.._,__ Callahan _.___ Conrad _.___ Felt ...... ______Gale Hosea -3;...-_.....__ ' § - Sullivan ._._._ Tavel -_.;.'___ 'l'rotte:__._____ 0--_:-_~*_*-5I Tale. Boom I-lalrnel '_ Létjoggcl the Nation! 1 , _ A u Candy ....______ » I '1' 'LiUZZQT ll -=-=--=- 4 ' MONTGOl IERY,All. -. -. The murder Mal of Kn Klu! Kilns:-nan Eugene Thanna - t - » -V-.- um- .K'. - . 92v-_-| , l-,- %¢'l w-l--e 14 -.¢u -|.P-u_.n_I ..._ - in the alulng of clv-H rig-nti , V .--an-n.s.L..--. » '91».-_.-,92!vf .-. _ _1-worker Viola Llano Inn ~-_ .'.- 5 been delayed until the fall - ' term at le I-equelt-0! I | date : Itlnmey. I. District Atinrney Arthur "E.Gnmb1e aid he asked for the delay because he had ' "p., - " __ !'l'leudn0ih.i1'|gl'0tnU'|eJus-, ff. _ _ . lice Department when he asked whether ue dale! ~ a witness, FBIin ow-mer Gary -'IhormsBo-Ie,1ruu1dbaan_ ;92 . nhnnd In testify when that I .- trtnl begun Monday. 'l hen._ i E lm! been reports that Ron _. ldhtlnatwlnttaleltlly. i | The Justice Department v '-In Washmgtonlaid R0w0'_ 1 I ._ 1 I ;w-qma um _lv_a!labtn1 I 1' ' ';'."twg§!1 ! * 1 92 Tim UaahtnqtoaPastand ? 92- Tina: Harald _92_,i_ The IaahtnqlunDllllf Q I __; Thu Evanlnq Ila-r " " New Yuk Harald Tribune ___ New York Journal-Ran:-lean _ New You-I Dally NI-an Ila: fart Post _ ~ 1 . 0 I , Till Nil Y . Illa. I n Q Q The Itlllllnnea Ian ._;, . N H00 latter __ .'_ and ' 'I"hO LICQIINi. __ -- I 'l'l92QIcll llrballjomggl , .. - ;.. 1 ,, ___'_ The llallonnl Ubnaeagg I I. n Paapl a Iarld ' a I, . . _ 92- a "" V 1/ %>>-@*w,;;»;6w' r . . _ _ . . : Im-"m.*+::r:J111I~1,L v 92 u . . v 1 . _ air? _ '_,-' .- ' 7.77.7" H, *** ' J::e~I -Q- H Z|I@-Q-uni _ __ __'_ :fin '7 - -_ =-¢-r-»-='~'-?92'§*~.-'-_ r 7-w'J~:Z'f£- FT- f+m'Q1-"=£*fFP'"; '7 " ' "" ~-- - -v- ~ ~-~ -- e- . . .. ._ __ .- I UNFTED STATES H£L}RNb HTFlib, . Memorandum ~ - 11> = DLRECTDR, FBI 4-20001! mm: 5/23/es _ 1 - ~ FROM . ' 'II/4""jsnc, um- .' o1u.1=.1ms 51-3954! P!" -_ IIIBII-1=r= nucuzus moms, nun; - ET VIOLAensueAL - vlcrxus A LIUZZO, Aka., CR; EL ReNew Orleahé letter to Bureau, 4/21/66. Fifth Circuit On Court 5/18/es, of Appeals, m-.leenzcmma wxnmonsr, Orleans, Ln,,rldvi8edDeputy Clerk that the printed record was tiled 5/3/66. ' ;. .1 W111 advise the Bureau and Iobiie 01 decision _ in this matter. '7 '. . I - f .4 . 1 G!: Bureau ' I 2 - Mobile 4-1245! * a 2 - New Orleans CL]!/med _ ! 1 a: v . * 15;:-_~~:--_ - air _ _~ mi. 1'! e ' .F£c.1E.#;/,1/e~m{,;¢ 727 1 ¢ ...--..u ~.a.~.~::-;__p ..- mi . 'A ~ n mv:§i=éss " Q I {J f ' - u' r@__ 5 ; '" ¢%u- ; I - __H_ '__ -. I 1 ¢ _ I 92 '' U J - 7 '_ I 4 I _ " Bay U.J . Suing: Bond: Regular!! an I5: Pljroll Suing: Plea __ 1 _. Z_ _*- ., .7 8; " -' :::;::f :.':.'°:.. ., ~ _' 1.....e",.4 UNITED s'm'rF.s 1 RNMENT {,f:"_:é Memorandum "1 =Ilr. DELoach one; - in 18, raou A _ !osen 1 ._, 1 Ur. - 1 Ur.1966 he ___ sumschEUGENE ruonns, ET AL.; 1 Callahan --_- HRS. VIOLA LIUZZO - VICTIM Gwlad -__,__ 1 I I 1| CIVIL RIGHT5 ' Ir. Gale 1 DehoachI n ,1 Ir. 0| -i_.- Rosen 1'rum-|,_..____ Ir. T010. la-ai'_.. 1/ llal Ir. Halley .S 52:.-i-@_ I McGowan The United Press International in a release Hines" ate76 é testiiy again against three In Klux Klansmen in connection1&4@%*§2 Iick9292{~ 4' 5-12-66 stated "FBI informer Gary Thomas Rowe will not . with the nightrider slaying oi Ira. Viola Liuzzo. The :~+; ;,94Ti release quoted a Federal oiiicial vho're£used to be'Y " w identified as stating that Rowe "has had a belly toll . ' 1 "They the FBI! know where he is, he Just won't come ba oiiicial to testify." as stating The release that Rowe further did quoted notwant the to Federal"testify ta ;ck ~T:i%;2g, ¥ 9 .,Federa1 Court in the Federal trial in December, 1965, a i§h'/Q37, resu1téd~in conviction of the three subjects but the £5 ! Justice Department pursuaded him to and he then got anq .l- Q signed statement that he would not have to testity again. - /1 F,- As you were advised by my memorandum of 5-11-66, .. Hr.9John Barrett of the Civil Rights Division on 5-10-66_ advised that Department had received an inquiry from e Associated Press regarding a statement made by Art Haynes, the attorney for Eugene Thomas to the effect that Thoaas would never be brought to trial on a state murder charge heeause the Federal Government would not make Gary Thomas Rowe available as a witness. Barrett inquired asito thether or not a request to produce Rowe for testimonyin a Qta trial had been received by the Bureau. A e IQ. jg Barrett was advised on 5-11-66 after a hheek with " . t our Mobile and Birmingham Offices that the FBI had not .-- 7 iv received any request to nake_8oae available to the ltate ' ! ; tor testimony. A _ WA Q - En~=1<==921r~w.-=--<" .: :1-/<-45 H _I9° i".- W If-f . .'.."l ? ___] .__,..._ -192-.: ---""'92. ' - qr» """ ~ .JIH,_=.<=1 ! '; . x .7! .* qt .8 " conrnwao-oven T »Jru::.'.»1 _" "19 Q . - J L ~* é K ./7*" .. _ ., , r =3 aw amass T 1. Iab-.92 '+ 92' '1'1M"§'-13 3 -- I-nrlr "2 -i ji "'-._ L J -..n"_ - , ;| ,-Q15 c a I Iemorandum to Hr. Dehoach RE: EUGENE ht ' THOMAS ». Flowers . i Barrett On 5-10-as was advised had contacted Alabama SA#oi Attornc General Bichmond the llobila 'b?" Office for the purpose oi advising him tha n the future Circuit Solicitor Arthur Gamble would have nothing to do with the case involving Eugene Thomas. lie told_that 57;,- the state might bring Thomas to trial in the fall, at ihich no timerequest they might and SAP want the did FBI not to comment locate Rowe. onthe Flowers nutterone made _b7" any or the other. arrett was advised that it any such request was received by the Bureau it would be immediately ' referred to the Department Subsequent to ibove on 5-12-66'Birrett advised that 7£E" the Department had received a rumor from the press that Solicitor Arthur Gamble had made inquiry oi all Igor: Resident Agent of Selma, Alabama, three or four month!-Ego concerning the availability oi Rowe to testify at the state g trial of Thomas.- Barrett desired to know it thero:aas any :- merit to this rumor. ' , - - -t as Slinhas advised that Solicitor Gamble did not bP¢_ ]an_d contact him stated re a that ive to heRowe hasbeingnot talked made to available Solicitor to92testi£y 'Gamble ,' since uBptOmbEr or October, 1965, which was prior to the . [Federal trial of Thomas and the other two aubJecta.' " ASJ92C Edward S. Miller oi the Mobile Office on 5-12-G6 advised that Solicitor Gamble has not discussed ' the subject oi availability of Rowe with any Agents of the liobilc Office. He said that On 4-22-66 Gamble Alabama, telephonicallyand said contacted that he SA_at"'Se1laa, was preparing the Thomas case92>'7L- D for trial and inquired regarding evideniel He did not_g I92n92rn auunvBaa; aha! -Lal92.iua.AJ is-nnntvlay annunngwun-I-any Q-92|;,|92_,IvJ,&l -u 3 .~=» . e. S . 7 7. "!"_ '-" fr ' "_P:* ->7-%*T7 W __ 7 W_- T 1 :_g.,I@§-F§"' -_"j'I-'_"."' -'"F"- P-"_§ §%i1*r& . , y'GI""_|J !"I -. 1 '..F"""92 ""92l92-'92.an-531-4'!-'I! ',aIJ.Z.J;'§*"'_l?Y'.W'-H . ' ' Ti .-a."'l§""i'@ IIFICDIFEIH I-a-. 4: PW-J'92_1 . - bl. _4 11,~=-9' . .7, ...... _. I ...... , . . . M- . .__,_._ . _...... .... ., i....._.__._ _. .. .. 92 ....__ 92 . . . . . .¢d_...... ,__-.e__ie-_,._ . --i _.T , ____ e e _...._------.--,4-an-an--1...; - . - c! _ ' : 4,?>; ;?;ffij;;Q _ .. - -~ _l- Flu--7-: - . r e.- e . ---~+LA . 1 Iemorandum to Hr. DeLoach RB: EUGENE TIIOHAB. v... -,-92,~» _.-_4-4-.,* ... - -u- & .VJ _"I - ._- _' _ ==a~v-as.7 .- j . As indicatedaboveDepartment the been -''5: '. has Rowereceiving didnot inquiries want to fromtestify thepress and it is true that /-7-' three subjects in Hayneville in the Federal trial oi the 1965. , Alabama, in late November . Aw V . ;J§7;}"'f ir -r .r' ACTION: H - - -~ e * i ' .- Attached for approvalis a letter to JohnDear, *' Assistant AttorneyGeneral Civil Rights Division, confirming. i thatthe theinformation Eb! hasiurnished made no comment r.to Barrett,.andwh t ' assuring him. relative to the availability of Rowea forever to testimony. the press T J? .;s!:=-~/"J"2" " J .. 4» t a - '; J S .'_ -_A.S4- i . _ J e ' *1? ' t ..h g a ; ;iJ] Y 7 > %m1h,A M , 5 p / , /I- If 0 0 Q E kI- lff I '11: -IB qr 92 r "'92 > 2 1.f'?.?;-T.Z A L: .; I _ . , _--_..;_~_.4 E-.,,:;_;922-1-192Q.l!~o If " __ ~_-N-.--- '-. ¢ l _-1;., . . , L.. if .' iv ' » =-- _ J : __ . _ , , . . W , _ V __ __ _ _ _ , , . ._-_.,_-._---_» ,-_92 . :__ __, ,»._.. ._ J - v... e ~ . ~e.- : ¢~92-I -i I »~~e»*v - ~;_.:f -'_- --.-. - " ' . = . _ . " - 1 . '-. . -1 .-I - _t 7 '____ -_ts. _ , .. - " _ I i _ . a - Y - --% 3-vi- if . -'Y -J :wti . ___ 1 _ ___ W? ~' __1,;V ' _ If .- ', .. *__;; __ v _ ' ' "iii _ _vv 92.__,-.- 92 "I::I-___.rI-P-;1 v-5._ ,_ -92F--r'--1-1§- Tr-i _ x-:wv¥ i '---_-i__ _ -u I a . I _ , _ _ 5 ;_ . -A______ _ . - I __ l *_ _ __,. -____ .. 4 ' - ...... ¢¢ * ~'* *"**"~ - -i 4n-:;_..1- .-_.-- ______.. . e . ..,.,i-...... _.....-~e----. = ---~ ------~-u- -__ D .0 'DeL.ouch ...__... liohr _ lick Casper Q.- Callahan ___.... Conrad F'el_t Gale , Rosen ._._...__ _ér.°uI. d the Nana n -'1 _ I-ioIm.es Sullivan E ...._.:_ Tove! -_..__ -..__. .1 --' _._ _-_ Trotter c.---'-" Tele Boo .______1- I- A Gund y_.__. !£'uzzgTrinl c-----=- 73 - MON'1 GOMERY.Aln. The murda"uhJo:I§I92_:IKlu1 '+Klmn-nan Eugene om! . . ._,...., ...... 92----15,4-¥:: ,-J,-:_-_, H i, _- ;,- - --W... '- _'4iiur-_--¢ -- --nq-..--~ - ~ inthe llIJ|I!olclYl l!'U1" I" -um-kw vwu um-.w mr ' o"'- .1 ' been dc-hyed Inmtll liar full $2.-.':1'. :-t 2.1: r.-qua! 9! Q T Q! I '1FE r |t||tc'l lltomey. 1 *.' *' | , District Attorne! Arthur B. Gamble ld he lsked ' ¢l".e' Q w ue delay becaual ha In s .. V hen-d nothing from the Jus- llce Department when he -2 i ggked Whether" In dliel . _|w1tne-ss. FBI informer Gal ! Thmms Rowe, would be on *. _ I hand to testify when the trial began Mandi!» Then - had been Nomi! thy} 3"" did not mm In u!- 92| "The Jultlce Dtrllflmrnl in Wgghlngtnn Illd Rowe ir would haw been rvllllble 4.» J , - - _._-i-4 A The Iuuhinqlon Poll and L Timon Herold tliheThe Iolhlnqlon EveningStar Di-Nauru F . '.__ lrllw Yhti Harald Trlbuno .._._ Hour York immui-inaraeun _ New Tort Doliy Nun ._.__; Now York Pool ___?i_____ The New York Timon _Z,...... The Balllnora Sun ii- The lurker _._____.___._._._ The New Locdm _,__i,.__ I Incl _,._.. - ,- f'" , é//, . i_ , » ., T A./Q ::.::::::::..".";..:;..-'__..P_l~nplol'l Iltlel Dclo _ ' . I .h":r"92 | I1" - g .".-'-4..492.llJ mm . - 92 =- 1 _,:- P "'u8Y1 ']_965 , "1' ' '-'I>' "_ . - , . 1 r - * , . ' - - ~ - W1 - . -92.I . . - _ . . t _ _ _W_ _ _ __ "Jo; __ __7 _' 41> J5. I 7' 4'I¥_:_r:____7_ W-I'J_'§"'_f' -n-u---Q.-_4 - F"" _ _ __ _ 7 ' ' __ _ ' U , ._¥"' rmzmn I ~ 5-16 6 d . I -....b-h - _;- ____' ______,- ______' 1?. " ~ Tl5.|u|-I5'l'Il"E B1 -BIKE _ ~ E033-A "'J3./- F /" 1Z3:921 - llr. Hines 9! 'Mto: £"Cs, mammm: AND mum » mom mmzcron, rs: 5 V . 1 - » -Q ' ,3 ' luaszz-rs xnoms, yr 4.1.-4 1- ans; 11191.4; L!Y.%Q"-_- P !za'.m.Ir-~.=:-.~ '1 K Ii--IN--r.'ll =+= P3i 7' ,"i'iF.¢']1,':s¢z' _ cum. lumrrs, 4 7- _ _.._..k,,... W. ____.-_.,_,_,A*.,...._ _.._-MP_"!'.'r?* ~'~-'9-.~'~'-d» -mlwh - 1 mw 161955 -- nsmnxusmx. FIVE mmrnzn mar. . - ms nxnmnuvg om.1m92'r1ons Arm RESPONSIBILITIES A; TELETYPEIAll mv1:s;_:rm1vn nouns: um: rum-rum an-out "odun.n1ou,or / /.' éuccsss m rnnrmn Pnosncuwxoxl In rats mmn Ann ml - d - - 1 _ J _ .,_ A - rm ms Iwrnmc Ion: to no In ma nnmm. rum in nus V . ml _ V man. zusum rm: Lu. vmsomm. um tom: wnczs Ind Y; 9-. _ . .1, - _ mu: cox:-r-man concmumu ms nvaxmnxnxrr or ,lv1n:uc|"" * : *- on uxwmzwszs on ion m mum Eéndnmnu -mi Anrvlsn nu: mason cmrmcnxzu um! Bmcxrxcnlig m wrracr ' ._ 301111 DOI92 ., CIVIL RIGHTS DIVISION, DEPARTBERI II JUSTICE _ ' . }'_:* +1 mn mm: no 1-vrmmn --1' 4 d - axwm-z nm nunmu moumu! or rm mcnm or Am, -:2. cozmwra 1:2 1003 _IJ38PBC'.l.?li_YB orticna zma d . H ..'.I""-"-" MID . B - CIFICHLEY .. " IIMT THE PEIlSOI.C:7NT&C1'II I ' -~ 7- IIPRB - LT! --- 7 i--- ---3 -1 _L_.V_.or hf» M , .1-1 mrxcr. mén 1|nsqmm."a*r~-1r»~s. , arm rnmc scod _ .; 7. _'_-"1 7 , - .»#:;. . ' ;::.1':0n______£.li ; ::::a'H:c1-5'-[ ! an I:. hc1é&i.1 !'Pp gd tr . " -Iv _ '.-11.: ,3. _¢-_n.'a'. _. '_ if? . :]1;" !IUrE: i_',Abc|vdH.£struct1ons being forwarded to otiicea involved in .,___, §" ' "hant_!1..in;".0£ {;'j __",_;:_-%rtlWP;*.i";ectpjI1i!t=n1l_1.__1_=s¢;.r Bee' 'a:em- and 91 vllosan iraferaant to Dehonch datedBose pursuant 5-13-8'6. " ta Lnetruetien if-1~m- --__'_ "51"M £ - { ~ K -- : _ :Ti_:_ V._._-':;:W ___ W _ V -' '_-1 r" V92 %-{E5-d ;"¬.* ..'..."¢,I"= - ,.#=.d - # ... .. -. »=~; ?'92 ._ .. 92l -- ... . . . _. _.. ... ..4 V .- V.---".4 k... . . . . I. . I. p"iA'|I| __ _. . Earp": Q .' 'Q - r . Calls i r . Prmra »* -"" b7 -'Hr lIr.l'el1.. Mr.Hr Gale I It-- __<_4 nu. a-2'1,1906 {iii 533$.fave! '_., ,92_J W. Mr.J. Eoever, i "7" ! , _ Tel Q. I-com lliil ll-rlnu Hon. Sir: I note in your explanation ofyour duties, " =""" in HumanEvents, youdid notsay whyone ofyour - Agentsrode along with theman whois accusedQ ,~. _ :-----_.___.-__ | shootingMrs. Luigilast year,and didnothing to A; - -e prevent herslaying. Inother words, youragent was - , .4, ; . there aidingand abettingher murder, for the purpose '-hft. 'e t oi getting"evidence" foryour iiles. II that isn't the_ , » 8° isneakenest a - to ~~ getwaythe--~+ knowledge you want,I ama J "' ' " FT : ' ", |God knowshe could have preventedher lossof life .. _ , t' |Andhad henot office.your beena sneak JohnsonThiswith powerMess, isof the thebiackest law behindhim," ._ " _ .-'gm y '1 page ourin history.Every oneConnected, even blackea-1* fr _ than theseCommunist Negroesyou areso prone to push ,;_,, .~}e_'fti ' down thethroats ofthose whoare gaggedby thatE0 aiieci __ '_ 7 Rights law.And allfor cheap,dirty, Politicsto Elect, '_;. . '7 Even Cheaper and dirtier creatures to office. Shame. Y" " COPY mm ,1/ IL!/,1? "lftkizz0 1 ' g- . , -*_.%,.@@ - , .».-_ ..._ .1 ...... "w" *~92 I-A i . . n ' I L A . M. H--4" - - - » .~.'!6~£ .-T"' -f -r . u . -. _?,J.h !l'.ac --r : . 4 r lm E" 1. . .7 * : " ' or- H . .1. u | - 4 _- w. H, ..'_ . . _ r . I _ ._ -1 - 92_, 3 Y 71. -r a 1 rt - _ 1 _ _ .__; L¢--~.L I e , ~*..>.*.-<,-.-:--» = -' ' . '-"' _ 92 . 5 - _ nwglll. . .**- .e I 3"= ~ < 1- ~ .. J»-/.>IJII» emu/ '/; g .4_ <9: ,' In-||| hung 1'__ L . -" 1 " - , _ {E J '- p _ ,:_ L_ r '-.-Ll JUL '5,6 _92.-if-all ,7,'* ,.;..:_ ,: ' -. , . ,. ,, - I, - 'll_#§-' ,;,_ I _ * 4 I *s "" . t . _ rt-'.= . a 1* -M . _o R3§3P0NUEN' cg ? -1' .- A .. .._..- . ° ' Q ., .' . 4.. '- I- '1' i 1:1 WR5" ~ ~ f ,, __ . _ _ . 3 -hr 1 -V . "" 1_. W ; -_ Mi'-1.,-.'b2 r . 11'. -1" ' "".' ' ' m 1'" ' '" "* '" *.|...." -..j"'~f. :r.3 - . .- ,. . a_ .. ...-92.- -- . -92---- l - -.1 77», /1 - #2 W J¢m 2,2,; 3~»uz:~,;, W, I _,l -l _'. 4/ I 6L.wL<.£4,§ M kn/ @'i¥-/[l*""" ./»1-¢¢/m/61¢/é<,»&z,,,,£<,,! @s1~*5Z?Téi OQJJ f7§¢;§j;w;z w qi» Z33 r/921_1;:9,z 1 V , Q : @7%¬~5*'W dQ» 7£?@WZ ' ' A uni ff»u.w'r-*1 »_ £77. I ', jj¢,5,w_ ,6,»/_*,r@'»~><>; A I 7 _ -"_'." I =.*""r* ; 7| Q-?.ZZU_,_j___ &% ~' /Lam!;/5-4/fl/null! ¬4i/J/"1-= 'JQ,ul/M-4 V 'Mgw u 5 .3 I1;, 9 v f r Azalwua/um I _ ¬9:df:' I W Wit, "1:;m ,1'§g,;L;'>!.=Q.n_i3, 4. __ _ .;»*-_. .é1-7 -zm/J»/J 0?/~my @%&92;f ..%,»,?i»'¥5 .M:% 3;; 0/01163 ? mz. ,, U " lulu: .-.....__ DH.c92Ir92h ______. UNl'I F.D S'1'A'l l- .8 Kr '{NMEN'I IO¢k._.....i__ M emorandum 1 v ClQer.__..._. Cll I!_..___ | J Y -. "'1 rubj'? Mr.Wick! - mn'+;¢"6-SO-B6 i Taval _..-__- mom= D. C. M0rreI1£Ti"92 ' V Illlln .---1-.-' Tllm Iona -...._._ _ lichen .-i- Gnly _.-..._.__ 5UB_]EC"| G 1>?= ; . . . By letter dated June 27th to the Director, captioned individual accuses this Bureau of aiding and abetting in the murder of Mrs. Luigi in as much as one oi our "Agents" was present when she was shot and did nothing to prevent it. - - -re . . . -.-K. '1' wt The general tenor of his letter indicates that he is t' a racist and against the present administration. His communication is generally intemperate and irrational and does not warrant a . response. Accordingly, captioned indivldual'scommunication _- willmot be acknowledged. a . .BE_ICQMMl:INDATION: 'a S That captioned 1ndivldua1's letternot be acknowledged. . . _/ - 1 - Mr. Wick - Enclosure .. - 7 _- -_'-| __ .».. . , ;§i"S _ _' - . Q . REC-11/ L>sz:r'»~e»/41'1t i____ g §_- 75: _ 1. '9 _ L -.- M3 - -1,-92 ° "734 JUL 6 mm I r 1' 4 _ ' 92' . c. . ¢ <3" - . 5 0 V " f . 1' _ 41...: . re _ , pl - 53JUL131955 ._ . . . r . . . - I . I n_|._92 .V -V. : .f_ _k__ {U _ '_ . V _ - _ l. _ _ ?_ yf - '. .. ";' . - " " ' ,,_ - e ;- was __ 7. ...,_ 5 92"!'_;=';-._f -2",-"..,v_'_...- 9?.~_V92-_,_ _ _,'92_,. - J "" - *'-.f-p-"- -.._¥,b92_|92. l&.l..l -r , - _ .r_ 1 1rw;.-..-W _ :l'£:._l_P-gm -t--vi --.-.- - w,-- -V. , _ _ .-.,_._ aggi ._ 92>*. | . _._... _, ,... .. >4 .. ._...... 7 _.. _._..-. ._.. " ~< - - - ~-- - an-rum:--nIno.nOlav-1| -mun - v 1" p ' 1', ".,.'. ~~ _ 1 R - I I_ uNru:>s§§IWLI , . L IILI - 7| D 92uu92 2 '' _ I "f _ _";:? f1elI ' ' 0 .--Lyw --- i..@1~j.; l";._ ;MC7n0Tb|mw77Z_ A3-"1 .45I _ _ - _ ' _ , ' , . :_ -._ __ ,, .-_- -' I1 92| , _ - 10 : ; nrvrcron, FBI 4-22601! "_ 9,12; 7 6/34[§6 - 1 _ _ i _ - l _ ._ -",1: _ 5j I . FRO !. SAC, NEW ORLEANS 57-3954! P! ' _ I .'.'* _f£ ,_§-.- -,. 'x'.¢4'! _e.: , _ . - -w. -: . ' l" - sunjncr. nus:-"mimoms, sr AL; "_ " =--6 vrom cameLIUZZO, aka., . A * p et =1 - vxc-nus _ . _ j--'_-,;;__, 1 en; EL - e . -1 "* '#*'A ; i A .- . VI . 1,-».~e . .. _._!.." D ljfl Re NewOrleans letter to Bureau,'5/23/66{*§I_gfi-p _. _, _ _ - -.."n. ~ .- On 6/21/es, Ir. RICHARD IINDHORST,Fifth Circuit!? » -»Court of Appeals, New Orleans,La., madeavailable ! ?F§2§? * copies of Brief for Appellants; Number23289 tiled '-»'; 0 1 Mobile.6/20/66, copyof which is enclosed ' £or_thel Bureauand "! ' _Q-- " _ . - .-. -.|."' '- ' I111 advisethe Bureauand Iob11e_ofdecisiqp 1n a ,1 this matter. ' - ;- _. -' 92"' "5. B" ' V 1- 2'- Buaeau Enc. 1! ' _d _, - Mobile 4-1245! I-Inc. 1! - '7"' 2 - New Orleans - CLM/jmc ._- ' <6! L e H -HI"; ¢,.,-._c.= _,.__._ ' _ l,»>'~__ '4l1"} - e»! _ W - V -"13 . _ p Q1,-»~:92" _,1.; '/. ! mama '_J11.-_< I fa92s92n-lg ; -__'I .9.; Q /3 ' '- p . '.. .6 . ', . _ I I I - .._r_I;|iH_K_ " l ?',,:ri_ .-' ..92';1'|' , , _ _..- .- , - 92>-.-_~-...-...,_-~.-., --- -_ -" ,,-_,~;'§~: 9 ' I K' 92 *'*',,".-"Y-'=Ka="'.92 . -.'.:-.~..J'-_, r V 0 _ _ _ Q ! I . . ' - ?' '_'- '7' __ , , V 1.1!!_ |;:r92U~;.-I - 1 - * _ - -_ 4- I W !--0 U 1. §§.J"Ll@1B§§ a e FIHI1!EIFIIIIIIIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllllllnuenunllnaqalls K _, ¢ 1,;-1"-.-;.., ..__.92-nv-~_,r_ - _-V.H,_- -, , ., . I_ , _ »,;"_ .~-'_7 :§: ,_ :.._;.-_:.- -. - - - .; ,>~'-,-1....H- u. .'." - '." 1 1' I " I '1; .- _ ,_ .:.. r !=-».;»~~1'- _ _ »* R:1> ti .P!§T*i1r7".'v¥=vu*. - ~__-/;-?-- _-- ,. , ,_. ,'_ -- >- ,._, , .,. -".'-. .'.,92 !I ._ _...,' '- -I-I-1» ¢...____ A, _ wk D» '15- -aw;§,qp@¢-w 92 .- Y...- /-;.?,Pé0/= I -&92m . .. qj i i *-I __ , i_ T I _i_ E UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEAIS ' FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT 1 an-nii|--__ N O. 23289 COLLIE LEROY WILKINS, JR., and EUGENE THOMAS, Appellants 7018!]! UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, .Amw"~ , iii. la-= APPEALS FROM THE UNITED STATES ' DISTRICT COURT FOR THE MIDDLE DISTRICT OF ALABAMA B!.L__TFF' FOR .l..?PELL. .N'!.'S 7 Attorneys for AppellantsIO U S COURTOF APPEAL! mrrnvn I I HANES K F I L E D Suite soc ?_'¥ '. 1*F°1'° I!"!1 ""¢» JUII 20 I955 nu-mmglmn, mum 85208 _ gr}- mmn nnaufo iin. ' 71"-"':1.'.. Enwm w wmwcggSuite 1627 ' "' ' '1 wen§y-One Twentv-Ono Building Birmingham. Alabs..11a 35203 i *9 »_ ,;.u,;; §§ , ,,,*,Z. ;¢; _]; ,;;,}, ;=;.¥ ;, j°',,* ,L ,.,,,.," *, " * . E -#1 ~§mi+"";~%¢-I¢aI!&@i a"% T in .__. 92 _ 1 i I 92- ~ Page 92.--q|~|saIl-- E STATEMENTOFTI-ECAS- J...... 1 - - - - | - Q - u u Q u Q c oeneoneuq a Q - n | u n ------tuna 1'2 92 Arraignment ...... - . . . 2 "Motion to Dismiss Indictment ...... '2 Motion for Bill of Particulars ...... 2-3 Testimony for the United States: " 1%. L . B. Sullivan ...... William Haynes Jones ...... Paul James Durnes ...... , i 1 r Walter Ray Butts ...... Robert C. Roton ...... -r e ' - Harold F . Charron. Jr...... Stephen J. Fearon ...... Jack T. Beverstein ...... y Neil P. Shanahan ...... R. W. Goodwin ...... Carl E.Campbell ...... E. J. Dixon ...... Gary Thomas Rowe. Jr. ...... Dr. Paul E. Sho eitt ...... Roy Eveland ...... - 1 Ouida Larson ...... -1 Archibald L. Riley ...... - - - n - - - n | oso 'I Leroy Jerome Moton ...... IIIIIQOIIIQ 1 ' gglsse Mcgahgm ...... - .- - - - Q - o onae L: ' omes . ughnessy ...... - . - - - n u |nu Edward M. Leahy ...... | - o - ~ | c | Qen Charles Donald -Byron ...... on-onooeeee John F. Connaughton e- | o o n - o Q - e no Ralph Butler ...... u o | u o--q--n-- iv Lawrence G. Getting! ...... 35 i Marion E. Williams ...... 36 7 . RichardW.F'1sclr ...... - ...... 36 Y 1 I"...... 36 L Motion for Judgment of Aoqulttel ...... Charge to Jury ...... 37 ' r . Supplemental Charge to Jury ...... one 37 I Verdict and Sentence ...... J ...... 40 40 srricrrrcnriou or canons ...... |.e' ' 41 nee 1 _. 41 41 . _ y._ ._r___ _:;7_7 E 42 4.1;-H .'.'!.:-;'-r_1--' -- ' - " . '-. . -A - - n . ' ":1? '.' -"1 .1, 92 r., ., u -,' I > ' ' _ 4 _. » '1.-g . I Y - 1. The court erred in denying appellants motion to - - - .-. _-4 - , . ,_ dismiss the indictment R. 16-17!. .A . '_ " ..-rt-I : 2. The court erred in denyin nu»! Dents motion tor. frt. -, -'4 e bill of particulars R. 16- . I 92, 3. The court erred in admitting over objection the following testimony and evidence: . A. U. S. Exhibits 1 and 2 R. 194-195!. ' S. Exhibits 3 and 4 R. 204; 208-9!. ' - -:'.--1"" =.Z.".='-"Q.. . ~_ .-,;._i.-.:-','t.='_- :_<;;';"grT_q,_.v '1. Lira; ;?"l} .2--.'.-1t--§1 E}§- -92" .' '1'! I : '1 -L-4?:.1'=-If'?>'- 1-1'1-,, .~ - :1_~,:'... _;-; ;:_._ .. :11-_;r -. 2! " '.'_"-,>X» 1:5-< 1:.- in-3._=_ R. 404, et seq.!. _ ,A. v ..~.,...., _,_,_.;~.'- ,. F. Testimony as to telephone booth R. 413!. _. .._ .':§ .'3;-;~;.'_;.';i.§'_':§ -' G.-"Testimonyas to Klan activities and . ._ ItH- ' .w'hl:E"»:-,*<' /l- M "x7-"I: ' 5.:-J.§. ~'-,_ _i g purpose R. 440-442!. - -" 'f_l927"92 '.'-',;'2: I 1».- 1. .-1-'; "" .§~ | l_,=_;.u .- la 92 I-I. U. S. Exhibits 36, 37, 38 and 41 R. 758; 708!. ' Zi*Y'§:"- -.'~'{:, ~ . ._-517,-_._-_92,.-_,',_92 ;-.t_; R -"¥.'-","-'- - 1 ;.= _=-.__ ._,._ 4. The court erred in denying appellants motion as H.----7-., .,;,92,,e:5! . .'92-i._>',92...:.,_-1 - - ---i92-*£--- r ~.. 92-~ e-'-...'. _..~!j . for judgment of acquittal R. 823!. -'1-u -27:54-'nA" :*' 3. :-_-'.-;3'T . ;,,.v-" 5. The court erred in allowing the United States to -< ._» close3/ the if argument to the jury, even without objec- . " 5? 11,; . _~i-" _ . J ..-="=_".-:3 -;7§.5-*l';'11¢;=I U E. tion R. Testimony93+-942!. toas Klan organization 92 by the prosecution. is reversible error, as in violation , -1;,-',.' ..=.l.;'.».92-'1;-F 3 6. The court erred in charging the jury, even at the .wi}'¥ ~',' ;_.*'....'.J1 . U'r. of Amendment V, U. S. Constitution, even without H.r ~ -> , __ H , ...-..--...1,. .-»r. .- .._-. . ». request of defendants, concerning their faiiure to objection...... 58 l - -. .>'. ~'-'--'*'.* -1-.1 35- --:_-. --p. 5':-3*?' 12'-'- . ~*..--...._, .-': --.71- -,' .'-1' ' .5 '92rm¢,u,_ 1.!_ £5-..,.;1,;:,,-!--";.'_-|-=-'- *5 "- -.i~-W1" -§"-iJ<. -_-.-iH testify R. 96-97!. Point VII. . ' . .v_.~'r.* ,i_,;,:y._t,J4;,, v--L '92§. 1. '|"' .92 1 ".1-,1 -_ _':?:!?,': -|l~';7 <.-.['-If -Iiila..~- -7; '_-. . 1 7. The court erred in its supplemental charge in that For a court to instruct a jury, even at the request of - 1-'--i .rf"-I:-t" . . *1-ti- =~*l5r.Z'*?3.~= » . 5;- .=¢-.-I-:;-'-:' ii. -"-t1,.:~_',r'92_ it was coercive and did define incorrectly a Sec. 241 a defendant. that his failure to testify does not create i-_ 5-.§.11,4 ¢92§Zi::.§:¬l£"1 i~¬'.'E- 1,'I.". Q92l Jr1-,. -.,'. >_-.45.: conspiracy R. 114-117!. any presumption against him is fundamental error in .1 , .-3f".;,.:-15; ,-1_', I-..'i8. The court erred in entering a judgment of guilty violation of Amendment V, U. S. Constitution...... 60 l 3_~_ i j_. .='.'r _ .5; -1--Y-:1. -__-;_ ' ,;-92' r'<£i'-::.'*,:-.?', against appellants in that said judgment was contrary Point VIII. .' . *1 sew -<1---'.* to the weight of the evidence and was not supported -..'-... 1,-,- - I-1-'r.. ""I- "T A supplemental charge to a jury in a criminal case .*-'5.. M air by substantial evidence CLW, R. 72; ET, R. 73!. which is coercive demands a reversal of a verdict and judgment of conviction...... 53 .1-- I1*;>.*-''- -.< : -.1". .r.EG'.'MEN'l e.~5".-" §."%' 'l." ;.92 '*_i{'j, .1 ~1. * _ ; ~l.»+92.§~ :§~~,¢-.l, '3'!-W *1, Joint I. Point IX. _ .;;,._.- 2.-.--{I-'--< The evidence, taken in the light most favorable to the "- . '§ ""-"til Au indictment under 18 USC Sec. 241 is fatally de- 'M =,{'.92 ;92 -'. fective where the right alleged to have been con- prosecution, manifests it was not sufficient to support » ":=».*.=*;,..,_ .. __ r . .'..-rd: - up;--' a verdict and judgment of conviction and that the -1-= '.. _,. -~.~-~. spired against is not one secured by the Constitution or laws of the United States...... verdict and judgment was against the great weight ¬.5:':".-'_?53" Li':..»"we ;- of the evidence...... ' - =_@_.,3.-3 -;::§ -1. Point II. SUMMARY mo concwsion ...... B4 l =15}:. 2!i.:: ,;__-__,,,:_ :31 " _ ,u_ ',92 iii Where the means alleged in an indictment for con- -"ti-'~_"*= :~ '1» spiracy enlarge the statutory definition of conspiracy 70 1.-ii , #32: . ' in Sec. 241 the indictment is fatally defective...... ,__. CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE ...... 71 Point III. Failure to exercise a sound judicial discretion in CITIKWCNS - : ."' ' i...1a- ."'-" ; denying a motion for a bill of particulars requires Cases : . '+._:_3_,@§;;,g=,a reversal of a conviction...... Allen v. U. S., 164 US 492 ...... 83 .~ e,,... C . Point IV. Brown v. Board of Education, 347 US 483, 493-495 ...... 58 _: a-lIn I 1;-.:;};_.-_._<-J. Admission of testimony and evidence over objection, 43 Bruno v. U. S., 306 US 287 ...... GO, 61 . -i.~~|92_- :-er 1,; -1 which testimony and evidence is prejudicial to a sub- 1 '-33.-»,'-?.'»I.13 -'= -.121 " Carroll v. U. S., 267 US 132, 159, 160 ...... 4 "'- s"- ."92k_; .I -":1,0'. stantial right of a defendant, is error...... §_;92r;.__,____.,;,. ._ Carter v. State. 6 0klaCrimRep 232, 118 P 254 .3...... =<:,-;.~_'- ji oin't V. Giodcnello v. U. S.,'357 US 480 ...... '.-1'1> .-3'-f-_.' I - |. .-- - 46 Griffin v. California. 380 US 609 61, 'J. L.~".'!'.'."'.1 the racticeof allowing the prosecution to closethe *»1',, -.-r -.->. -'1 Hallv. Ware, 92US778 ...... » c*1. 1- ---1_. , .-, I.._~ . '3; af iigt ftmthe juryviolates due the processclause -...-....- a» - Hanks v. Com., 248 Ky 203, 58 SW2d 394 ...... _.._- -1- =4; _-,.-__. _.-..-._. _-'. 1 of Amendment V, U. S. Constitution, even without 9'.--ll-.-:1-11;--': ..- .'.*.; objection...... I-lardiev.U.S.,22F2d803 CA5! . . . 1 Point VI. . 4-: Hart v. State, 88GaApp 334,76 SE2d 581 . 1 s-.-*§§ %'lV'=; !'~'l'-".-',*sl r:- -.<4 The failure of a court _ _, trial under 1! Jenkinsv.U.S.,380US445...... 1"'§=. ;.'-.-_J, -.;USC Sec. 241 to charge the jury the defendants must Johnsonv.U.S.,207F2d31-1,321...... 65 27'.'."/1.1, r1 61 ~ .51-gstate t-*"°;?L.ong *324rMo. 205. 22.SW2d.. . _.;@--1 ,,_ .. , , ~. 92"_suts}v. fzspé, Su-l.Lg%v. U. S., 157zoa NC F2d 661 tea. tsesmgslt CA5!...... Com., 25 KyLRep 233. T7 SW 363 til Beater 342 F2d_j]3 CA6! llllll e o e I on Cruikshank 92 US 542, 552 . ------Bates, El Rancho Fed Ca: Adolphus No 14. Products, 543 2 Cranch,140 CC405 upp 354, 364 ...... 57 . Guest, _US._ ...... - 1 - - o | - - - -- ' . Hattie, 331 US 145 ...... Lawson. 337 F2d 800, 811 ...... ,. I . . - - , . . .- Lefkowitz. 285 US 452 ...... Lopez, 26 FRD 174 DC,NY! ...... 45 Mason, 213 U5 £15 ...... Office see Ricou-Brewster Building 119 FSupp 24 DC,La! ...... v. Olmstead. 7 F2d 760 DC,Wesh! .. v. Rabinowitz, 339 US 56 _ _ ...... v. Smith, 16 FRD 312 DC,Mo! ...... 61 S. v. Williams, 341 US 70, I3 ...... Viereck v. U. S., 318 US 236 ...... 53 , "'-igner v. U. S., 171 F2d 354, 364 CA5! ...... - '-aver v. U. S., 253 F26 .495 CA5! ...... 48, fson v. U. S., 149 US 60 ...... - Ell: v. U. S., 211 F2d T70 CA4! ...... 56 .'foo Lat Chun v. U. S., 274 F2d 708 CA9! ...... tioruititiitionii Provisions, Statutes and Hula: U. S. CONSTITUTION: ...... 54, Amendment I ...... B4 ...... 45, Rev. Amendment IV Stat. S5509 ...... 52, 54, Title A.'nend.'nentV...... 18 USC Sec. 241 ...... 43, 44, 45, 47, 49, 56,612,50, 58, Title Amendment 18 USC See. XIV 242 ...... - ...... 43, 44, 45, 46, Title 18 USC Sec. 371 . F, ...... - . . - - - . - . o-- 45 Title 18 USC Sec. 3481 ...... Fed. R. Crim. Pr0c., 18 USC. ------¢ - -~ Rule 7 I! ...... o a > - - . - - . - .- Rule 41 {bi ! ...... - s - - - - . - » ¢-- Rule 41 c! ...... Rule 41 e! ...... Rur.52 b! ...... Flute 57_ ...... - . . . - - - - . . .- Other Publieetiiesr - . . . . . - » . --- Anne. 84 Led 261,"et seq...... - - . - . | - - . - .' - - - - . . - . -- 54 i v v'iison, NY, 1357! ...... 4a Summers, When It Rousse, How to Debate, ...§ ...... as Musgrove, Wilson.Competitive NY, 1963! . Debate ...... Rules . . . , , . .and . . .. . I - u s s s| ¢ ¢ Q | an 52 ¢ Q u | . - u ¢ - - -- 54 L.-I54 -i " . , -- .-L ' "--_' - , "2 ' '- - ."I,i_§.'-$7, -' -. 1 -; t.*'7i" . ,--', _g '»- _'i '-4;".-=¢- ;-_.;'i - ,- .'2.z.--2 >' J - . Q..._3- --. - J - ..92..;-.~- 4»_' . "-3 , "-- Constitution imdlaws of the United Statesf and be-l - " ' 6 - people are those Persons that were encased In the march from Selma to Montgomery, and those_ger- cause of tl'ieir_}_iaving exercised such rights. R. 2! sons are identified; we don't _claim any indivi ual L A One specific right of these unnamed citizens alleged . person." R.39! _ 4. " -' ' 5 to have been anridged in said manner by indictees was, among others. The right to participate in a protest Mr. Dear: It is our claim they were engaged in the conspiracy to harass that class of persons: it march pursuant to a plan approved by the United wasn't against any particular person: they didn't States District Court, Middle District of Alabama -- their conspiracy was not directed against a R. 3!. -1. particular person." R.40! Appellants were arrested on April 7, 1965, and each The Court: All right. So_ there won't be any mis- released on bond of $50,000 CLW, R. 5-6; ET, R. understanding, if I understand your case, it is 6-7!. They were arraigned by the Ceurt on Novem- that the conspiracy wasn't directed to harass and intimidate and threaten, oppress any particular ber 5, 1965, and each pleaded Not Guilty R. 7-10!. person, but the effect of it may have been." R. X motion to dismiss the indictment was filed on No- 40-41! t 4 -- -92 JIIIII AI I in II IIH .IC92 *er 19, 1965 R. 15-16!, after proceedings about B11 . U081 ! "'l'I'l¬l'lI-'8 l'1gl'1l'.." Ii. 41] ml . notion were held on the preceding day R. 18-37!. The Court overruled the motion of defendants for l : --- -<-~~". 1- -. . . ." * 'r"*?"""-"'3."-"""-1"" l"'*F" ""t*l'§I'i1l'-"92-92-392-'!i92~H'M -i92l"1~;L»92- i ._ . 4 - .,_ , , 1. 3 _-~; .- i&us--1.a~,:.- __ _ _ . ;-, -'-'.-4. an - - , - -..».. - . - _ . . ,. . -up-irau-i - .p _- g,-.-ii -§i=@'-gin-1 ti-;é.;l§ls?..a.392s.§%.':t-»_ -'_ _ mvuqem =.._ .i--4|--1 r- -|~ - -it.-rr.rs_.'+#li-1a.t.t..4#;" .411 --...... _--. . . $.,-',t..-.,".-._@|upe,...-...».,.i¢s-¢i.ii=...l,-.;., ,|,,,.92- ' - I ____ p ' A_ __ __ .. - __ -' " " -1' a - - t r_ _- ' - ,1" . ' _" *$ I e"1"Pl *~i' _ ' _ _1. . ' |;¢_.¢;- 1. _ l . 92 '.1-fv " V I'" ' V , - 'In - If ILL I _ t._-.;'.','_._§ 1" |_:f s_- .| .5 .-!'_ _ , . '___ *7 ; _-__- ,,M- . __- ,;i>_ _r -,-:..-.-rm .,.._,~_._,r1:I- -..i:im'=-It 2...--....t. -i'.=...J~tats..i"-h--i-?i..:...... '.~.i.e.~.....i.....-=-1 .. Hi: n. . . .'fI¢,-<0, .=-its-in ....._.e;; _; It& i i- 44 _.4-an . ._..__._,_: : 3 l people arethose personsthat were engaged in the Cxorxtmtion andrlawslof theUnited States,and be- march fromSelma to Montgomery,those and Xer- cause ef theirhaving exercisedsuch rights. R. 2! sons areidentified; we don'tclaim any indivi ual - person." R. 39! J. -* ' =, One specificright ofthese unnamedcitizens alleged I I U to have been abridgedin said manner by indictees was, among others: The right to participate in a protest Mr. Dear: It is our claim they were engaged in march pursuant to a plan approved by the United the conspiracy to harass that class of persons; it wasn't againstany particular person: they didn't States District Court, Middle District of Alabama their conspiracy was not directed against a R. 3!. ix particular person." R. 40! Appellants were arrested on April 7, 1965, and each The Court: "All right. So_ there won't be any mis- released on bond of $50,000 CLW, R. 5-6; ET, R. understanding, if I understand your case, it is 6-7!. They were arraigned by the Court on Novem- that the conspiracy wasn'tdirected to harass and intimidate and threaten, oppress any particular ber 5, 1965, andeach pleaded Not Guilty" R. 7-10!. person, but the effect of it may have been. R. X motion to dismiss the indictment was filed on Ne- 40-41! , _ *er 19, 1965 R. 15-16!, after proceedings about Mr. Dear: That s right. R. 41! . notion were heldon the preceding day R. 18-37!. The Court overruled the motion of defendants for " ?ie ultimate basis for such motion was that the in- a bill of particulars R. 17!. Appellants assertthis cuctment did not state facts sufficient to constitute an was manifest error. " offense against the United States R. 16!. The Court overruled the motion to dismiss informally R. 37!; Prior to the commencement of the trial on Novem- later a formal order was entered R. 16-17!. Appel- ber 29,1965, beforethe HonorableFrank M. Johnson, lants contend this was error. Jr., Judge, and a jury at Montgomery, Alabama,cer- tain proceedingswere heldin chambers,of which the A motion for a bill of particulars was also filed on following is deemed significant: The Court, at R. 139- November 19, 1965 R. 10-15!, after proceedings 140, indicatedthe United States hadapproached him about said motion were held on the preceding day R. about certain matters concerning a Mrs. Luizzo, her 38-47!. The basic thrust of this motion was to obtain murder on the Selma-Montgomery highway being a from the United States the name and address of any matter of common knowledge. It was strong by im- person defendants were alleged to have conspired to_ plication herethe immediatelyforthcoming trialwould injurelippress,and threaten intimidateas laidin the in effect evolve aroundthis specific occurrence R. indict nt R. 10-14!.In acolloquybetween Courtthe 141!, and counsel fordefendants appropriatelynoted and counsel-fo|~ the.92UnitedStates R.38-41; 46-47! that on argument todismisrtherindictment andfor a the following statements are of particular interest: bill of particulars hewas ledto understandthe alleged activities of defendants weredirected againsta class Mr. Dear: We contend that the defendants con- spired to injure members of a class of people; the and not any individual R. 140!. D » * 'vrriys-':c~rPr:~ -- a-'-"':~'.:::~:'-:>*~_ :=-"-»~'@*j.-;r~:-92 ~:'~~_'-at-=j-s'*_~r.-~=.¢--5-'v~g-;-:'#*e5rw+ A - - ~ i .. - =&wwemw-:=wwmem 1 g9' *;htE?;i;'J:3i'vY;s92ce92i§1"i"51i";.;t$A-ft;-;,»$$'diii.}.§.,q EIm,;;,j,,;;,w;v§,;l1Al0$%vi5:3ssvii¥92I=| are U e-curt"-s e yaw ' -.1-.~...." -'. -' .1-,""""*- _ 4...... -_-in- _, -92 "'" i' i. " - _Je_:l-"_':,v_.p>-'__-',.,-,~92'|-'_'.__- --' l....: -V, _-_1*" - .: .l', V L_ ___ - '-'-.W JP. t --_/__. -"'|__, 3-=a.¢s1|'.92aun.r.- I _ -.-. ..-I-M... -l. 1- , .,,,..._,rs,-. we-1-5f r".t..-1.. ' ..:.-m-:-- . .._:m=-»=.c-s. __ -1-. .1r----'92r-»-»-*1 -1--H--~-I-1--*1-'-' .q_-..,-,.-..|:a...... ,...... _.7.-wr-;-'., __.' _,.-- __ ..~-. 1*» ;---t _hfl1l9' 1eehvw ._,,I,A - -' " """' "H116'2.» §a'.92'lk;=='sa*-'-1* - ":""'_"""*"-*1" .w.PI i-~> - --f:>s'--is-amieé-s airr.-l--*7 : ~''- '-.~' ~-2¢au~.==k-as-.¢5a92-*&1.-.<.-2-%<...» = B 1- '~. !* - I1." = -' _ e ' " - - _~ The evidence-1 I _... adduced at the .- trial _ is of importance_ _.- 3.: pa ,, 4.2! . 5 to""--.__ the position of these appellants.l To1 -assist theCourt Q T 3 and to substantiate the position of appellants that the hiblt 8 was the parade permit request of March 20, United Statesfailed to sustain its burdena concise 1965 R. 203!, and U. S. Exhibit 4 was the approval narrative statement of the relevant and significant of such request datedMarch 21, 1965 R. 204!. Over testimony and other evidenceis presented. A motion objection R.208!, Exhibits3 and 4 were admitted as for a judgment of acquittal was denied R. 823!. into evidence R. 209!. p The Honorable John Doar for the United. States The paradewas to take place on March 21, 1965, opened R. 189-193!, andit was clear thedamning to protestorder issuedby FederalCourt allowinga point to be provedagainst defendants was the murder five daydemonstration marchfrom Selma,Alabama, of a Mrs..Luizzo. Counsel for defendants relied on to Montgomery,Alabama." R. 209! Thecolloquy be- pleasof "Not Guilty" R. 193!. . tween the Court and Mr. Doar emphatically showed Exhibits 3 and ll were admitted for a limited purpose U. S. Exhibit 1 was a certified copy of the order of and not one extendingto any rights exercisedby de- the United States District Court, Middle District of fendants R. 210!. 7 -a, of March 17, 1965, whichconcerned a pro- ;anof march of certain people from Selma to There wasanother paradein Montgomeryafter the .-1o".::'__-'ome".v, R. 194!. Alabama U. S. Exhibit 2 was one of March 21, 1965, the Selma to Montgomery af- .1 t.=.sified copyof the order of this Court dated March fair R. 214!. This parade proceededfrom the St. 19, 1965, which declined to stay the proposed plan of Jude area along its court-outlined route to the Capi- march R. 195!. tol, and included several thousand personswho re- mained in front of the Capitol for three to four hours L. B. SULLIVAN testified he was Commissioner of Public Affairs of Montgomery, Alabama R. 196!. R. 215!. _ He knew of a march of certain Negro and white citi- On cross examination by Mr. Hanes, Sullivan testi- zens fromSelma toMontgomery inMarch, 1965,pur- fied there were no incidents during the Klan parade suant to an order of theUnited States District Court of March 21, 1965 R. 215!; no trouble was caused; R. 196-197!. Witness hada request for a parade per- the paradeproceeded quietly R. 216!. _ mit dated March 20, 1965, from Fred Vann on behalf of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan of America, Inc. The crowd on March 25, 1965-the Selma to Mont- R. 199!.Witness statedhe hadauthority toissue pa- gomery march-- was estimated between20 and 30 rade permitsfor theCommission R.201!. U. S. Ex- thousand R. 216!. The march was a walking one composedof gnales and females,white and colored. ! The proc iffineht. the selectionof s jury R. 149. Sullivan concludedhis testimony by stating on redirect 187! and other matters have been included in the record examination the march of Margh_25, 1965, was or- 011 lPPeslnot for the purpose of unduly extending it, but solely for the purpose of allowing this Court. if it so sees derly R. 218!. . ' fit. to savor the flavor of the entire trial below. . WILLIAM RAYNES JONES stated he lived .in I Montgomery, andwas Chief of the Investigative and r I *.-me.".'.-f@{1'P.-*§;'s»..~=w:i§-.t:lss,{I§?r:£.:92--L==. e92lb:'i~:-inertia-iialetlstaeley -"- sums-v-luau-eel;4 -n--1' Mile -Mu aMmw mm$%-.umI &wmv-mim ip"'* . '1 Ah --lybmhs 1.-;...._ -if-r at.>.. 1- -g| |_.:|s,..;.an ....- I ...-...,....-.;..-....|.-.T ...._._ * - ....._ 1. I low _ .1! Hi _.... . _ » _ H _ . _. . ,.,_,,_.__._,,,,.._f.-,-%___,n_. _ .. .. ,.. _q_._|______;______". __ _ __,,,',N_,92 ._ ig- a nI %l_'*@_ ,..- . , _g j.3;_,.-',.-4_-|- '. .. '.... @ I5J192.¢wh_ _-_ -,s.§ ;*,,i*,.|,,92-' -' II? - W ".-'' - t" -1 ' |,__.'I§-Q5.-,. ;;., - -,'' = 3 E| »."i' ,_~,592,f,,, §,' i,-,3-av,-if-:'..¬" wmakiéag"7 '~'.Y '.:,§.';-;':v.,l~L.r~ .1 ' is-vi -lw. - - -i 4.-I.1 -' ~ . ; --- -..-, 92 - '-- l -l ,2.' -- -v - i -..1... I ans s at tification Division, Department ofPublic SafetyI Exhibit10, consisting of s photographs,and u.s. Ex- during March, 1965 R. 219-220!. ;He received in his hibit 11, consisting of 2 photographs, were marked for oiiicial mpacityinformation therewas tohe a parade 1.-9!'i».-.-o-..o--ov ".1 +moo+am. m can Qua-iinyo nu: so +.. vv vs IT q Ln 1-.Jn.uau Ii vl-uikit 1n my, bum ii... by the United Knights of the Ku Klux Klan on March pictures weredescribed asaccurate portrayals of a 21, 1965 R. 220-221!. Four men weredetailed, 2to close up and the side oi an automobile; they were . participate in and 2 to observe thisparade R. 221- taken onDexter Avenue, just below the Judicial Build- 222!. ing R. 248-249!. U. S. Exhibit 11 consisted of 2 more PAUL JAMES DUMAS testified he livedin Mont- pictures of cars in the motorcade R. 249!. gomery, andfor -5years hadbeen with the policede- ROBERT C. ROTON identified himself as s resi- partment R. 224!. He was on duty on March 21, dent of Montgomery employed as Supervisor of Motor 1965, and attended the motorcade and rally at Cram- Vehicle Division, State Department of Revenue R. ton Bowl, and had Sergeant Farr in the car with him 250!. Roton had with him 2 registration receipts of R. 225!. Sergeant Farr obtained photographsand vehicles R. 250-251!. These were marked for identi- both took automobile licensenumbers R. 226!. U. S. fication U. S. Exhibits Z and 8 R. 251-252!. Wit- Inhibits 13 through 18 were marked for identifica- ness describedthe general contents of the documents, '.-n227-228!, R. and-generallythey purported to including, inter alia, tag number and name and ad- . present scenes atCramton Bowl on March 21st R. dress of licensee R. 253!. U. S. Exhibit 6, consistingof 3 photographs, was marked for identification R. 234!. Witness testi- HAROLD R. CHARRON, JR., testified he was a fied they were pictures of the rally at Cramton Bowl special agent with FBI, stationed in Washington, R. 235!. l 1 D. .; was engagedon his official duties in Montgom- ery, Alabama, on March 21, 1965; was observing a Dumas oncross examinationtestified he did not take motorcade at a parking lot across from Cramton Bowl. . any photographs personally; he saw someone fromhis U. S. Exhibits 13 through 18, a series of photographs, department takephotographs; herecognized thephoto- were displayed to witness R. 257! and he identified graphs shownto him previously R. 240-241!. them as enlargements of pictures he had taken on the On the occasion ofthe meeting on the 21st at the day in question R. 258!. _ _ field, therewas nocommotion; therewere nopublic On cross examination, witness stated his primary affrays; and witness did not hear any threats made assignment that day was to take photographs of the R. 242!. 2 crowd, etc. R. 259-260!,but he did note some license W LT_E'RBUTTS RAY informed the Courtand numbers. Witness stated he did not hear anybody on jury hi-ll80d. irkMontgomeryand wasnews director that occasion threaten to_1',m'm;e,oppress, orintimidate of WCOVradio andtelevision andheld suchposition anyone andhe was there from almost the beginning to on March21, 1965 R. 246-247!. Buttstook pictures the endof thegathering R.260!. _ on the21st ofa Klan motorcade inMontgomery. U.S. STEPHEN J. FEARON identified himself as a . ,,~ ,Q,_I,{--|':'l$An_Q -III-lc l-- ~*"-{~92-.~'»:1:-~"~':-r-@~n~-f-> - so " is e 7 > . _ _ '~ . , / _, Q 1 8 § ', .. 5 ., , _' D, , _..,.. ' 9 speeiimnn oi FBI, and he was on official duties on 1965; heheard only of s parade permit for that date; March 21, 1965, in Montgomery R. 262!. Witness he came to the field a few minutes after 12:00 noon; stated he was to observe the motorcade; he took down the parade left about 2:50 P. M.; he followed and ob-; some license numbers of cars; he was driving a car served the parade in Montgomery until it disbanded; in the vicinity of Cramton Bowl; he would call out tag the parade lasted about 25 minutes R. 272-273!. numbers as he observed them, and another agent in the White Beverstein was with the Klan g-reap, he did not J car, Beveistein, would write them down; and also he, hear anyone singly or conspiring with others to threat- Beverstein, would write down ones he observed. Wit- en, injure, oppress or intimidate anybody R.274!. ness was engaged in this about 11%; hours R. 263!. i NEIL P. SHANAHAN stated he was a special On cross examination, witness stated he went to the field shortly a.Iter noon, about 12:30 P. M., and cars agent of FBI" R. 276-277!. l had begun to gather R. 265!. After about an hour, Witness stated he had known a man named Tommy there were over 100 cars and- about 200 to 250 people Rowe for about 11/2 years. The acquaintance was an R. 265-266!. official one, inasmuch as Rowe was furnishing infor- orocedure for listing automobile tag numbers, mation to FBI, and Shanahan had, since September 1, . --rcght out on direct examination, was reiterated 1964, been assigned to control his activities and re- R. 266--37!; but witness stated he did not know ceive the information. Rowe had been working with wnetner the numbers he called out were written on the FBI since 1960 R. 280!, and Rowe gave information sheet or not. Witness was at the meeting more or less by personalcontact, telephone conversations, and writ- l from beginning to end and he did not hear anyone ten information mailed in R. 281!. Rowe worked P threaten to injure, oppress, intimidate or hurt any- with FBI through March 25, 1965 R. 282!. On this I body R.267!. date, in the morning, Shanahan was in communication JACK T. BEVERSTEIN stated he was a special with Rowe who had information for him, which infor- agent for FBI; was on duty on March 21, 1965, in mation was almost immediately sent by teletym ta Montgomery, Mobile and Selma R. 282-283!. U. S. I Montgomery, observing a Klan parade R. 268-269!. His special duty was to record license numbers, some Exhibit 9, consisting of 3 teletyped documents, was V of which numbers he observed himself and some of identified by witness R. 283!, the time sent being which were called to him by the preceding witness, 9 :27 A. M., on March 25, 1965 R. 284;!. Agent Fearon R. 269-270!. U. S. Exhibit 5 was W Later that same day, Rowe called Shanahan again, shown to iwitness and identified as his report of motor and communication was established about 11 :20 P. M. | vehicle license.-nlimbeis, dictated from his original ii.. L ~:$*~¢$ 1 . 11 .: ii92 A: 192L,;_~,,o.ai;ci.t2 :00 A. M., themorning of March 26, 296!; Shanahan had heard this on the 11:00 P. M., 1965 R. 285!. ; news; it was possibleRowe had also heard this on the news R.296!. . ' On cross"éitamination,Mr. Hanes directed his ques- tions to witness to develop the exact association of Rowe gave Shanahan a gun which he kept until Tommy Rowe with FBI. Rowe had reported to Agent later that morning whenhe taggedit and gave it to Blake prior to September 1, 1964, when Rowe began the Assistant Agent in Charge R. 299!. The gun was reporting to witness. Rowe was not a special agent of examined by Shanahan; he smelled the muzzle; re- FBI; he was not a specialemployee, norwas he aregu- moved the cartridges R. 299!. No fingerprint exam- 0 ination was made since witness knew Rowe'sprints I lar employee. Rowe was an informant RS287!. He was paid on the basis of information delivered; his were on the gun R. 299-300!. Witness did not know product was selling information. Witness stated Rowe the serial number of the gun; did not know whether was paid for services rendered; he always had some- or not it had been fired; did not look at the gun in the thing to sell R. 288!. Shanahan stated he had had light R. 300!. other informants R. 289!. Shanahan presumed he Rowe toldShanahan about a shooting; they wereto- " received false information; could not recall any getherabout ll/3 hours; Rowe was not takeninto cus- -Tfic instances: but did state he had received infor- -92 tody; Shanahan did not go to headquarters but re- ...;on he could not corroborate one way or the other . turned home R. 300!. The incident was reported to ii K TL.29a!. the Special Agentin Charge, Everett Ingram, at about =; On the morning of March 25, Shanahan received 2:20 A. M., March 26. , 1.! word Rowe wanted to talk with him; Rowe stated to Shanahan worked further on the investigation. Shanahan hehad been asked to go to Montgomery by Since September1, 1964, Shanahan had paid Rowe an la: Gene Thomas;this was shortly before 8:00 A. M. R. average of $275.00 to $290.00 a month R. 305!. 290-291!. The delay of about 1 hour and 27 minutes On redirect examination, Shanahanrelated the con- from the time the information was received until the versation he had with Roweon the morning of March information about the car was placed on the teletype 25 R. 307-309!. Rowe told him Gene Thomas had 1 was explained by Shanahan to have been occasioned called; told him to come to Bessemer; they were going becausewas he athome R.291-292!. to Montgomery. Rowe advised Thomas he had re- -1 Rowe andShanahan hada telephone conversation ceived Klan instructions as late as 10:00 P. M., the about 8:50 A. M., in Birmingham, thenall was quie't previous night they were not going to Montgomery. until e approximately11:20 P. M., telephonecall. Rowe said he would have to check with his immediate Shan _ ed, in Birmingham all day R. 293!. superior; Robert called andjqld him to go to Mont- During this telephone conversation,Shanahan told gomery with Gene Thomas. Shanahan thought it Rowe he had heard a woman had been shot in Lowndes would besuspicious if Rowe did not go and later ad- County, Alabama; Rowe had asked him about this R. vised himto go. This line of questioningwas objected 92 l 1 . - - - ~. . .. -. .. -;. .- ...»...;. -.. .--.~ .'.-.-pm .- . . --'. -.n.92m.w92-ms-' -v '->~.92+fmJ#92*'n1'.'r».;+= ¢v-ad-kfwf' -l* Ql- . 9?-5*-'~92 ' '- § f,'_. .._I;~i- :1:-QR.gig . _92;r;-';,'v -_ 1.»:-Q'v..'b. 1'I~':.-. : >r.92_, :":¢f f ' _92_.,.' .*, ,92;-',,',.;.'.,w #11' ff -6,, _,_ .4-9".-l - 1 M0-I-hf M.-,,|.,_- .-Bit1 __-*' , * - ., _. _ W . "fa-:".,"""" §%' 1;. *"92'"|x_ ___1 ' . -_ 1____ O. '-,-I st; it t Ii 3 _ V -- ;- __ i , -1 tomlfllbjection was- overruledon thejtheory ex- took about 15 or 20 minutes. Leaving Pettus Bridge amination wasmerely the narration of the rest of a once more,the groupheaded easttoward Montgomery; conversatioifprobed intobythe defense R. 307!. the distance was taken from there to the place of the shooting butShanahan didnot knowwho didthis R. After Rowe returned, he related his activities to 329! ;he estimatedthe distanceto beabout 25miles. Shanahan R. 309-314!. These concernedGene Thom- C Shanahan andhis companionswent on into Mont- as, Wilkins, and Eaton. gomery R.330!; hedid notknow if they wentby St. Mr. Hanes recross examined Shanahan as to these Francis Motel; they went back to Birmingham R. activities R. 315-323!. Further, on recross*examina- 4 331! ; it is about 25 miles from the shootingscene to tion, Shanahan stated he, Rowe, Special Agents Alex- St. FrancisMotel, i. e., 50miles from Pettus Bridgeto ander and Downey left Birmingham for the scene of St. Francis R. 332!. the shootingabout 9 :30 A. M., March 26 R. 323-325!. Shanahan hadpicked Roweup about 5:00 A. M., at The car at the scene0! the shooting was on the right the parking lot of GES storein West End, Birming- side of the road proceeding east,elevated abovethe ~-1. and taken him to FBI headquarters R. 323!. level of the road about 4 or 5 feet, and about 35 feet from theedge ofthe road_ R.332!. The roadat this 25' proceededto Selma; stopped onthe outskirts point wasupgrade andstraight for about halfa mile. .o.1t:.=:t AgentArchibald Riley; transferred to his On downthe highway,Rowe pointedout the approxi- -».1icle; and retraced the route of the activity of the mate placewhere theshell casingswere thrownout the preceding night R. 325!. The group startedfrom window R. 333!. At the next major intersection, the Edmund Pettus Alabama River! Bridge toward probably Lowndesboro,a switch from Riley'svehicle Selma; went to Silver Moon Cafebut no one wastalked was made to another car; the party returned to Bir- to there R. 326!. The visit was to identify the place; mingham R.334-339!. Rowedid not point out the .- no one wzas askedif Rowe and the 3 defendants had service station where gasoline was purchased the been presentthe night before R. 327!. Leaving Sil- night before;or thepoint whereRowe's missed party ver Moon, the men went down a street next to the cafe the road and doubled back R. 334!. It is about 110 where GastonSuper Marketwas pointedout by Rowe miles from Montgomery toBirmingham; it would be as theplace wherea U-turn was madeto try to gopast fairly close to the samemileage fromMontgomery to Brown s ChapelChurch, but the street was blocked l Midfield, whichis justto thewest ogand contiguous and the next street was taken R. 328!. Although the distance orjtimewas clocked,Shanahan notdid recall! to Birmingham R. 339!. . the fig re R, 323-329!; he estimated from Pettus l Rowe is{about feet6 tall,even, andweighs about Bridge ballets-PettusBridge alongthe routetraveled 215 or220 pounds R. 34.1!,__,T.heRowe groupwas in Thomas car,a redand whiteChevrolet R.341-342!, 8! Inasmuchas a narration of what Rowe told Shanshan with bucket seats anda console.Witness wasof opin- would be repetitive, since Rowe did testify R. 391, ct ion 2 big people couldride onthe back seat R. 342!. seq.!, suchnarration willbe omittedat this point. ,92. " co .. ae..-,';_;_,.;.;;_-;1 ,|:-.11 .-..i.-»vti.."Z-§t'.?..~-, :'_¢r-.I~92_-H-~':.~.~<-- ."~'}.._n.>.s¢?i;<..,§;;,g92e;s4,92;¢,;;=,|g¢u.e.='5.¢=a;.|,s»+'$irq:t-s-.1sJe¢ -1-as-M ;-+»-z-pa,.~»;'.;~.,i~0-;-:;t.1apa -.- a-11.4.2-11'-&921:,s:JoulQnInqt »iquolnuWaw92Ir§U!mw"w!1§-aagimashr 1.--cw - " *'_-;;.glgg;_ ' qu-r.as:.»- 1: ..a ' E -"53-G " *1;-.-f*.=~*. . 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' . __-.1' _ . ._.: -"= -1- ~;.--" '. , -. : 'W:¥l- -l '- -1».-._ ' -iii ls. J "I-92-""'= }»-....<'~ - .-$e,it.1_ _ ;§'-_-=.'*r~p!é-"*.__;.£ '. .2 * _f- --'=' §i:.'-!'l.'_. :U _-- L. - Q. -J4-",'~ l-I9292-92 ' Q 1-9;;5' "'3'?-1 M- is-Jr-i--'#._;..|e. -- " I *;T ~1- .',.92.-"4;. 1-'<_-= "L-17" .'u';"'..§ ""~ '-5;2'-A,» ' ''='l".:"- I -5! 1-I- l.--, . _._I., -- - -,j:_~ ;;i----= , ,',_.;|.__',.;_*-_,--~~- - '__ . -.., .---. I, =1 ~ ~-.,._-;.,;._ f; - ,-5-.'-_=; , .:.~.~ ,. .__ , _,..., ,_ 3, *';~.;_.3; _;;_l;_¢_I _ =1 , -_ _-sfaw 5- ,-' '1-it1*» - P-1- V '_.;_-L. '_-_,__,__ -..' ' --r'"r . .- _ >3,V . ,,¢,,;,;___ r_-_"._.-sis ! 92.-_;|- --_-I.-_..:-1= M ..i; . 1 -- 1' I. | .§ .1} l92| .it ., it. ll Y 17 1' J men merely observed the interior of the car that night; he did not examine it R1368!. On that occa- It went down the shoulder, then upgrade. At the point sion, nisaan identified the body as Viola Luizzo from where the automobile left the road there was glass on ll- Michigan R.370!. ;.. the road, about 400 feet from the car. On that night, Trooper Burgess gave him a piece of lead and he Dixon heard talk of other automobile tracks R. 379!, saw him get it from the right rear floorboard. This which were across the road on the north side! about 150 feet from where the glass was found. They ap- r'|' was turned over to Dr. Shorfeitt about 2 :30 A. M., the -1 peared to be tracks made by a car smaller than a v morning of the 26th R. 372!. . 1 standard Ford, Chevrolet or Plymouth R.380!. The I Mr. Hanes cross examined. On March 21, Dixon car which made these tracks had gone into the drive- | . wasat Cramton Bowl about an hour to an hour and a way and returned to the highway, but witness could _ . q l I half, having arrived around 1:00 P_. M. R. 373!. He not state whether it went toward Selma or Montgom- I f 'followed the motorcade to the Capitol. During this ery. The tracks were west of the point the principal 1 , I ' . period, Dixon did not hear anybody or any combimo car left the road R. 381!; a small car had turned 1" _ "fon of people make any threats to hurt, intimidate, around R. 382!. *i1vre, oppress anybody 374!. R. Besides the troopers st the scene, there were 2 or 3 0; . the night of the 25th, witness received a call at other cars parked on the road R. 382!. Dixon ap- his home to proceed to U. S. 80. When he arrived proached the scene from Montgomery; he arrived Troopers Burgess and McGaha were present R.374!, about 9:15 P. M.; he did not see anyone walking or along with 2 or 3 other troopers. Dixon testified tracks running along the highway while coming to the scene. led from the rear of the car back toward the highway Traffic was light, which was normal R. 383!. There for about 250 feet R.375!. Witness was shown U. S. were some trooper. cars deployed on the highway that ii: Exhibit 25 R. 376!. The car was identified; it had night R. 384!. _ come to rest going uphill east toward Montgomery; Apparently Mr. I-lanes then referred to the diagram 92,_- the grade of the slope would be 30 degrees; the car was 1 on which Dixon had placed mileage measurements R. about 150 or 200 yards from the crest R. 376-377!. 384, et seq.!. The distances were measured from the On reaching the crest, one would have a slight curve i ._1_. -. - center of Pettus Bridge R. 384!. Holiday Inn was |. "1 to the left or right?! R.377!. -I placed about a mile east of the intersection of U. S. 31 » Witness deposed he saw Burgess retrieve the piece and 80 R. 384-385!. It was about 4 to 5 miles from 1 <1-.1, _ _ | I 92 a . . . . - : . .4,F .,_ _. 1 I 1 "GZRY rnomsROWE, JR., testified washe a2; up lived in B_i_1jrningham March,in 1965; had lived there about 12 or 13 years R, 391!. Rowe had been con- 1 tacted by FBI about furnishing information concern- 1 -.1. ing racial activities in and around Birmingham in 19 d 1.. 1961. An agent came into his home about this, and, and did not identify U. S. Exhibit 10 for identification e.l: at the time, he was not a Klan member R. 392!. At R. 395-400!; but these photographs wereadmitted Fl the request of FBI, Rowe joined the Klan, Eastview Pil 92 into evidenceover objection. Also, over objection, U. S. 13 Chapter, Knights of the Ku Klux Klan located in Exhibits 6, 13 through 18 wereadmitted R. 400!. Birmingham. He was a member of that chapter through March 25, 1965,.although the name changed Rowe deposedhe did not go to Montgomery on the to United Klans of America, of which Robert Shelton, 21st with any of the 3 defendants.He was instructed I. I.92 Tuscaloosa, Alabama, was the head R. 393!. Rowe to go to Montgomeryon the25th by Gene Thomas,and |. -1 attended Klan meetings; had known defendant Thom- Robert Thomas,such instructions being received at his 92 '3 about5 years; defendant Eatonabout 1 year; and home R. 401-403!. Robert Thomas was the superior 92 92 ._:'er.dant Wilkinsabout 2 years; they were members of Rowe in United Klans of America; Rowe was Klan 1,, .. .- United Knights of the Ku Klux Klan. All during investigatorfor Eastview 13 unit and K. B. 1.; a Klan ii che 5years prior to Iiiarch, 1965, Rowe had furnished investigator checkedon membershipappiications and ,.@ information about the Klan to FBI on a regular basis other matters detrimental to the Klan'sway of think- R. 394!. ing R. 403!. Robert Thomas wasa Titan in United 9292 I Klan; a Titan headed aprovince of6 or 8 different Rowe came to Montgomery on March 21 R. 394! I units; Eastview 13 was in his province R. 403-404!. with 3 Klansmen, other than defendants, from the i GeneThomas was in Chapter 20 in Bessemer, alsoin Birmingham area to participate in a parade and mo- H torcade. -Witnesswas shown U. S. Exhibits 13 through the province of Robert 'I homas. Eatonand Wilkins >92 18, so marked for identification R. 395!; recognized were in Chapter 20 R. 404!. them as being taken on the 21st at or near Cramton 92 Over objection B. 404!, witness testified the su- Bowl in Montgomery. As to U. S. Exhibit 18, Rowe perior ofa Titan would beGrand Dragonfor the State .92I was able to single out, among others, defendants Ea- 92 of Alabama, who was Robert Creel. Creel had been ton, Wilkins and Thomas R. 396!, whosefaces ;he 92 identified in one of the pictures taken in Montgomery circlzi markedand 397!. R. Theautomobile of Gene 92 on the 21st. Superior to Grand Dragon wasImperial Tho 3£l.WI8~ldBI1l;lfi6din U. S. Exhibits 13 through Wizard, who was Robert Shelton of Tuscaloosa, not P l ,_.__; -1.72 _ -__:--, '_ l -- - Flt I .92| 92tB Beesemera placeto about2 blocks from the Klan 21 ' i~£, l meeting hall; Gene Thomas, Wilkins and Eaton were =~ l in the car; Rowe parked his car at the house of Gene ment between the bucket seats of his car; they then Th_omas,a trip of several blocks R. 408-409!. proceeded toJack's Beverageslocated near Maxwell Gene Thomas was driving a 1962 Chevrolet, the car Air Force Base R. 414-415!. On the way to Jack's, in the pictures at the rally of the 21st. The group pro- i the four discussed going to Selma R. 416!l Gene ceeded to Prattville, They discussed themarch they Thomas said they were going to Selma because they had things to do; they were going to get them done; were going to observe R. 409!. The party arrived Q in Montgomery about 10 :00 A. M.; rode around a few and they might even get some entertainment from i Shelley Winters,a real pig. The party ate at Jack's, » minutes; parked the car; walked toward the Capitol. ,| staying probablya little longer than an hour. They u They were within a block of the Capitol. Eaton, Gene Thomas, and Rowe were armed; the guns were left in proceeded toSelma on U. S. 80 R. 416!. On the way the car. The four went to an American filling station a hitchhiker was observedby Eaton; Wilkins asked E.:- Gene Thomas to slow down to see if he was a marcher where they stayed about 5 hours R. 410!. U. S. Ex- l ll and, if so, to "give him a little fun and a surprise"; on 9 hibit 26 for identification, a photograph, was shown to Rowe, who recognized the scene and recalled the further observation, Wilkins remarked the hitchhiker ll? fi! ing station the :;'1 0Upremained at for 5 hours R. was too clean to be a marcher R. 417!. 411!. It was admitted into evidence. During the time Rowe saw a highway patrolman later when the s» ! at the lling station, the four stood around, talked, latter flagged the car down about 6:18 P. M. R. 417- .92. .9 harassed the marchers, hollered at them, booed them, 418!. This occurred on the four-lane highway next to ii l got in an argument with some of the colored specta- Selma on U. S. 80 R. 418!, where the radar was. it l tors R. 412!. The crowd reached beyond the filling Gene Thomaswas askedfor and produced his driver's iii ! station about three quarters of a mile or a mile R. license; was informed he was barely in the maximum l not to be ticketedfor speeding;he wasstopped forde- l 412-413]-. T I fective mufflers. A ticket was issued for improper | A telephone booth ..was_located on filling station mufflers, which Rowe saw R. 419!. "5 J 1- property. Gene Thomas and Wilkins got in the booth. i ll 1' r l Over objection, Rowe testified he observed the wire l The trip was continued on into Selma where the was cut after they left the booth R. 413!. The record first stop was Silver Moon Cafe,about 2 or 3 blocks ,_, ,1. is silent as to the condition of the telephone wire im- from Pettus Bridge; beer was ordered R. 420!. Prior mddiately priorto the time Gene Thomas andWilkins to thisall fourhad 2beers eachpt J ack s,but thatwas t- £6 Ts entgggguhe booth._ . all during the day R. 420-421!. The groupremained lIi at Sil ver Moon about 30 or 45 minutes. They discussed At the conclusion ofthe parade and speeches,Rowe's going toa coloredA. M. E. Church whereShelley Win- group went to the car; Rowe and Eaton armed them- ters was to entertain the"iiiarchers. While there, Gene Gcn?'I'lfomasthe table again and left returned. The -l ensuing discussionwas aboutgoing'to church. the _. When thegroup startedto depart,this otherwiseun- I identified personfrom therecord cameup andstated a he had done hisjob and for them to do theirs R. 423!. I = I The four left Silver Moon, got into the car, drove 1 toward the church, which was lessthan 12 blocks away R. 423!. Gene Thomasgot thecar ona street 1 block $ R 23- -In over from the church. There a colored couple was IallI Gene Thomasdrove fast- from 10 miles an hour up walking R.424! Gene; Thomasand Wilkinsremarked T to 90 and 100 R. 428!. In what transpired subse- they were going to have somefun and take them." quently, Rowetestified therewere constantcomments, Rowe saw an Army truck with soldiers sitting in it; particularly byGene Thomas,that they were goingto I the four passed thesecolored peopleand wenton. Gene take them tonight!. As the Rowe car approached I». Thomas removedhis gun from the compartment be- I Craig, the Oldsmobile wasin the left lane, veeredto .1 theseats priorto this and handedit to Wilkins, the right, then speededdown the highway. Gene ..-in; it after the colored peoplewere passed R. Thomas followed at speeds of 80 to 90 miles an hour :--.1!. ' R. 429!. Rowe andthe 3 defendants prepared to leave Selma a over the Pettus Bridge R. 425-426!; about 2 or 3 Rowe sawa greenVolkswagen typestation wagon blocks from the bridge they were stopped by a red and a highway patrolman at the point they received light: an automobile pulledup on the left with a white their ticket. The next time Gene Thomas tried to go woman driving and a Negro sitting beside her; Gene around, the Oldsmobile was on the two-lane R. 430!. Thomas said they should follow the car to see where Rowe saw a two-story building with automobiles and they were going. Thomassaid he thought they were Negroes aroundit; Rowe wanted to go backto going outto thewoods ona dirt road andpark. Thom- and find somebody else;they weregoing toget caught; as told those in the back to get down out of sight; that it was not worth it R. 431!. they were going to follow and take them R. 426!. In a swamp area, GeneThomas startedaround the . I Thomas remarked he believed they had some of the I Oldsmobile, handingWilkins his pistol R. 432!. This brass. Rowe stated GeneThomas constantly remarked I I was a .38 caliber pistol. The rest got their guns out ll the twowere goingout onthe highwayand makelove; on orders from Gene Thomas. Wilkins stuclt his arm :.-' I-92 that they weregoing toget them. The carwas a light I out the window about at elbow length; the woman colored 0l'd§lii'ob'ile"~witha Michigan license plate R. turned her head andkind of looked toward Rowe's car; I 427!. Wilkins and Rowe,in the back seat,were told to I Wilkins fired 2 fast shots into the glass of the Olds- sit up by Gene Thomas afterthe latter started follow- mobile, into the front window. Eaton started firing; l . ing the car R. 428!. I Rowe puthis gunup nearthe sideof Wilkins head; I Wilkins continued fi ng as Gene Thomaspa=s=u*""*" the j t I Oldsmobile; Eaton continued firing even after the 7 Oldsmobile hadbeen completelypassed R. 433!. A I little further on, Wilkins threw his casings out and re- loaded; thenEaton threw hiaaasings out at the win- dow onthe right hand sideof the highway. The four ' ' e -l||_ i 4'; i-1 Rh -. ___ I - ad- In~Montgom.ery, fourthe wentto St. Francis Motel I ,. and turned in the direction of Birmingham R. 435!. .. They stoppedesta filling station betweenMontgomery While Rowedenied heparticipated in the attack on and Birmingham about 6 to 8 miles north of the south the first Freedom Riders on Mother'sDay in Birming- l end of the freeway to Birmingham on another road ham at the bus station he admitted he was present R. R. 435-436!. After getting gas, Gene Thomas made -Q 458!. He went with some Klan buddies. Rowe ad- a U-turn and returned to get on the freeway to Bir- I mitted there was quite a melee at the bus station for mingham. The four went to VFW club in Bessemer about 15 minutes. After this, Rowe, along with others, R. 436!. On thereturn trip, Gene Thomasstated they II got into an sffray with 6 Negroes at7th Avenueand were going to VFW Club to see Bob;he would give 18th Street, North. Rowe got his throat cut rather :4 them an alibi in case the white woman and Negro were severely andwas bleedingprofusely R. 462!. Rowe dead R. 43?!. The four went to the club; did not see went to the bus station voluntarily and nothing forced Bob; they ordered 2beers; Genesuggested goingto him to go"to the sceneof the affray R. 464!. Rowe iii Lorene s for an alibi; Lorene ran a cafe; the group went to University of Alabama when there was went to the cafe: Gene Thomas went away for about trouble onintegration matters,probably inJ une,1963 zinutes; on his return, he stated everything was R. 464!. He was arrested in Tuscaloosa. care of R. 438! ; she would alibi for them. The Rowe admittedhe wasat'Sandy CountryRidge Club sour hr .1 'abeer; left, and went to Gene Thomas in Birmingham with Lt; Dave Orangeand others R. house; there they disbanded R. 439! . 467!. This club had a reputation for entertaining Over objection,Rowe wasallowed to testify the pur- racially mixed couples R.468!. Rowe denied hetold 1 poseof the Klan wasto maintain white supremacyby some friends Lt. Orange wanted them with guns to any meansnecessary R. 442!. l meet Rowe at Sandy Ridge Club on March 18, 1965, On cross examination, Rowe stated he joined the at night. Rowe deniedthat prior to entering the Club Klan in 1960 or 1961 R. 452!; There was a ritual he said to men waiting outside, including these de- fendants, "WhenI fire the first shot, rushin and shoot during which he took an oath, part of which is in the ll .-l L record at p. 453. After taking this oath of which the 1 hell outof the place _R. 469!. Witness statedhe went 3 l E i~ above wasa part, and which was marked Defendant's i to Montgomeryon Sunday,the 21st,with Leroy Ruth- l _92' Exhibit 1 for identification, Rowe admitted he di- I erford, RobertThomas, andJack Crawford R. 470!. 92. '1' vulged and revealed secrets ofthe organization and i The groupmet at the houseof Robert Thomas about the names of members of the organization R. 454!. 9:00 A. M., and left shortly thereafter for Montgom- The Klan oath. wasadmitted into evidence R. 455!, ery. This quartet wentU. S. 31 South.He hadhis W Defendaigjgjjgghibit 1. gun, butdid not inquire asto the others anddid not knowif they had themor not R. 4'72!.On T3. S. Ex- ¢i. Rowe deniedhe agitated and provoked the Klan into hibit 18, a photograph,Rgmggidentified himselfand - L activity; nor did he urge them to do certain things ll marked the exhibit R. 475-476!. They arrived at the u R. 458!. gathering around11:00 or 11:30 A. M. Rowe did 92 l not recallany peechon thatoccasion byRobert Shel- 4 l 11:15 _ , _,r_d'}'§.=,? -.:'¢=».'J.s34'-»-=-i"?*"si- :4?» -»-La ti -¢pn I JIIP IIBQ-1 Q es: ~ 21 wt} Creel;he wasnot there 47;!. started toSelma R.494! on U. S. 80. A state trooper Rowe testified he heard Crawford and Rutherford i stopped the car at e crossroads nearer Selma than make semethreats,but net publicly in aspeech R, Montgemery; heflagged themdewn with a light R. 478!. Rowe participated in the motorcade, which 495!. Gene Thomas was cited for improper mufflers, lasted about 20 or 30 minutes, then disbanded on the 1'.a warning e., ticket R. 498!. They proceeded to Selma road 478!. These four proceeded enteward SeIma l R.498! and first stop was Silver Moon Cafe, Selma; they saw somemarchers R. 479!. which was reached in the vicinity of 6:00 P. M., per- haps later. The car was parked and all went inside. Witness deposedhe went to Montgomery on the Witness stated the time was closer to seven" R. 25th with the 3 defendants in Gene Themes ante- 499!. Rowe and Thomas had a beer; Wilkins prob- mobile R. 481!. This was a 1962 Chevrolet, red and ably milk and Eaton probably a soft drink; nothing creamish whitein color. They possibly took Route 150 to eat. Their stay at Silver Moon was approximately frem Besseiner to the freeway for Montgomery, ar- 35 or 40 minutes; maybe longer R. 500!. Resuming riving about 10:00 or 10 :30A. M. The car was parked their usual car positions,the group started toward the in a regular paying parking lot. He left his gun in colored church R. 500-501!. Gene Thomasapparently car R. 485!; he asked Gene Thomas to put it missed the street as he made a U-turn and doubled .:8; he was not sure about what he did with the back toward Silver Moon, which was in the same .:0l:i92 .81'486!. AllR. in the group left their guns; proximity R. 501!. Thomas then went on a dirt street :. 1ey wentto an American filling station at Hull and ans; I 92|l92I92vl92 nal! 92"§ nerar LIUIII Fwnrn f'|1nUIOQnlnll nh 92pllI|Il92Ill, Ienfullnazl Q TU ulw I in 3 I I Dexter about a block from the Capitol. There was a thorofare leading to the steel bridge Pettus! R. 502!. crowd at the filling station R. 487!; later a crowd The other car was seen aboutthe 2nd or 3rd traffic in the street; very definitely curiosity seekers and Ii.-La. 8-,.-.-... M I4-¬-I.-use 4-.92-us .-1-I C!A'l--nI'D :nn92 Fl !-.4.-..J mere spectators R. 488!. I151-Ila LIUIII L-11¢Ul J51? BUWGIU IDUIIIIG 92l-92- UUG!n -I-IQVUIF ing from Silver Moon to this traffic light consumed in They left the station about 3:00 P. M. R. 489!; time about 25 minutes, maybe not that long. The car went to the parking lot; got into the car; Rowe got in which Rowe was riding proceeded out me highway; his gun; they left the parking lot with Gene Thomas Rowe had his gun. Rowe'scaught car up to the other driving R.490!. Eaton was sitting in front by Gene car by going 10 to 15 miles an hour fluctuating to over Thomas R.490-491! ; Rowe sat behind GeneThomas; 100 miles an hour R. 503!. When passing the other Wilkins saitoihe right of Rowe. These were the po- car the speed wasabout 60or 65 >R. 504!.From the sitions maintainedduring the entire trip. They drove traffic light in Selma to the place of shooting was to Jack's, yhich is severalmiles fromthe parkinglot about 25 miles and took about 25 or 30 minutes to R. 491!, arriving areund 4 :00 P. M., the trip taking reach, maybenot that long.._.l6Ihen Wilkinsshot, Rowe about 2U 5i 25 minutes.They parked and went in- testified he placed his arm beside that of Wilkins; but side; they ate; they each drank 2 beers R. 492!. did not knock Wilkins arm to keep him from firing Rowe and his heipmates left Jack'sabout 5:06 nor tell him not to fire R. 505!. Rowe didinottell P. M.; they resumedtheir usual seating positions; Eaton or anybody not to fire R.506!. ff gfrfffqa-;%¢:.:.,§ .},.";;,:,§:.;-.I.p»,; .-».:;T;, gs, .;.,:..-1um.%v:.-e.¢§e,:_..-.»q,4.$._. 42;,.;92-;.§9292;|;s92;saq1fg|sse.;§.¢n§§pu§;-a~=2ese;i=fasnqeeniisy-fr92:.'~:c§ -.-.s1|-:-,.*.-::_ '| I 4'. __ sq:-5; 1 -31- ~_ j_;$.v;3vn.-1fi_;-;:92 _...... :_ _..._...,w,.,__.-._.,.__':._..a___it. we-1 .q7&:»f<$92:-1,-<-"--..@I92l-D it__ __:H. ;g}§:rs=.» H '. _ :_ M I_ _ ,____ ____u __ =" re'~@J-re ll-s' Jq»ie*shcle¢-,-_.._:- .....,...__..- i I'M -.>A¢ ;i'__; .- '» |'-..I-.".-' .'- "- ' -*" "-". ">*- -'- " .-. - - ;..,;_.._ - .~..~...-..»'-."..._-~ "~.....~l- .1 .= :.- 1- t __ __.,#_,¢g.!___.._.,..__..__._.-...924-.> ll-I12:-1--¢._-.--- - _.92|-@040-I--. S-v',¢JAi-__-_',..._._L_-'__.-,-_- __i__,__i__,ii ______...__._ ;1;,",a_g.;._;§ {4.:gJ_4;.iZ..~;,|,=_.;._.r-,_a_a;.i;.,*t1|e..=e:;_;.=-.;92;l»;g;Q.;l;.eI;.;.i'Le.?.§,;;;i._L--es,'@-Qvg.1,._..--,...| in-s,4;i»f__ __ . ; ,| an ~¢ ..- 4..-4. e 1 '1-Q1 ?i 3'-¢. m5'a" . asit f, . tr,, . 28 . 1" 29 "" ' "V T - In 1 1 - . iii "if-._:;i i" " w rthe shootingI Wilkins threwhis cartridges out about 11:00 P. M. After managing to get his car the window,{thenEaton did likewise almost simul- started after some difficulty, Rowe drove into Central taneously {H500-507}. At the time the speed of the Park R. 518!. Shanahar. met Rewe. at Wat End car was9290or better R. 506!,and theroad wastwo- Baptist parking lot about an hour later R. 519!. lane. The car was in the right hand lane R. 507!, After a__timeRowe gotinto Shanaharfsstation wagon fairly close to the edge of the pavement R. 508!. and they talked for 2 or 3 hours R. 520-521!. Rowe left Shanahan about 2:00 or 3:00 A. M., and went Rowe next recognized St. Francis Motel, at which pointa left turn wasmade. Itwas 15 or 20 milesfrom home R. 521!. _._ - - 1 . . I . 4 AA A II point of shooting toSt. Francis- R. 508!, and time- Snananan and Rowe next met about ozuu A. M., wise 20 minutes. The left turn at St. Francis put the between FBIoffice and Rowe's R.home 521!, where car on the roadto Birmingham R. 509!. They stopped Rowe got into Shanahan'sFBI vehicle and was driven at a filling station, boughtgas, andall went to the rest to FBI office in Birmingham R. 522!. Agents Shana- room in less than6 minutes. This service station was han, Downey and Alexander, with Rowe, left about about 10 or 15 miles from St. Francis R. 510!, and 9:00 or 9:30 A. M., to sojourn to Selma, taking U. S. " about 15 minutes to reach. It was some 6 or 8 U4,RI I-n uu q|I-92IllIu92I0IlI921QJMnnfanmarv iih n n| -----_-- Ii. _ Q.w -- Q0 -- -- in ------Qnlmn. .--- ROWE -- - - beyondthe southernend of the Birmingham did not point out the servicestation wherehe and his 4. - £1.-'t9292 3_"and zhe and"Rowethree doubled back to con- Klan brothers stopped the night previous for gas R. ;-.:et with the freeway R. 511!. 523!, but returning he did point out St. Francis Motel, However, nostops weremade. Theyslowed down,but A county road was taken at Alabaster to Bessemer did not stop, at that point on U. S. 80 where there was R. 512!, where VFWClub was visited on the out- considerable activity and therewas acar off the road skirts of Bariemer mtween 9:00 and 10:00 P. M. R. 513!. Eachof the four consumed right at 11/3 beers R. 524!. R. 514!. They remainedat VFW approximately 10 In Selma Silver Moon was given a passing glance or 15 minutes, and then journeyed to Lorene s Cafe in R. 525! about 11:00 A. M. R. 531!. The church was Bessemer, abouta mile or 2 from, VFW. It required looked at R. 532! and this group proceededto Pettus just a shortltime to reach Lorene s R. 515!, where Bridge and out U. S. 80, taking the sameroute back the four stopped for20 or 25 minutes. Rowe hada _R. 533!, slowing downonce moreat the sceneof the beer at Lorene s andmaybe 2; each of the four or- activity on U. S. 80. Birmingham was reached about dered the same R. 516!. 3:00 or 4:00 P. M. R. 534! where Rowe was incar- cerated in county jail. Bond was made for him that Leaviiig Iorene'sthe quartetreturned in to front same night R. 535!. ' - of the hdt|Q Uf"Gene Thomas,probably amile or so from Lorene s, which distance required only a few On redirect examination, Rowe stated at the Klan minutesto negotiate, maybe 6 R. 517!. On arrival rnllv----4 --- in Mnntlrnmerv ------='_-----I, ___on March ------21.. _.' Rowe.___.. _|. together__g. . . at Thomas house, allalighted from the car; this was with Crawford and Rutherford, harrassed and booed 3 .,.;:_.,. ,<,,;- 9.4,,_ 5%;-455.-_-,-~.: ¢_.~.-92ss._--:.:.§~s:1A-.;:'»-.--_.i;-. :§'e4,:fs;e,.;;;.q.ss;sag;a:a;1ss;'g>-*4ia11¢qIlF¢=§K'. _ |' t #i, f |.-.-.,,.,,-.4- uvrnn|».,,,313% .as.=.a;-.-i.'i:~..*-."i...--'1,.£=:%.:__p ..4:4-4.... -.'+..§...~a -_»--7 M . ":11...-1 .,.__ ' -Iii. ._ ...-._. as-..|||ais=-:.¢-:s..ts~sn.»i»r.uu...=-- ':i 92iii'..} ..¢I| :" . _ : Iv _ P. ' ,_,,,s_,.__,.v-_f-92,_ _'____|f:7 -,~ - - - '-'--q-.,---I-.-..._q_..-7-..r * :tF.32§¬- - r-» »'7°=*-""ii-.- _ -+i"'- *3,_ --_L 4i n +n s'.<;-. .. ;_'.bm.;4§s'é.||:.i|C.-,_. .-2.;;;~1;.a.1é¢a;asatuitaa.>a-=n~w.&a:.£ .;asv.sea...-;.'tl~$-a.~1..a|-LBhs'$r..»:u.a.:s--ai£_:h='r-1.4.-asu.-u92wa--» -1------'»--'~ ~ -v-- ' "- ~ '-' ' '-*' ;;|Jg1 1x#'_* -i_%-_-r-_-__------_oa-_-_-<-»--.-.-a_ .. .. 1. -. .u!~'.;mrI.r'.L& .IQ -.-.:-_':'.'--H-..2»_.-:; -.- .1~_ .' _' 1,;-92-_.-, ';_ ." .-".,-" .,-~ - 1'...-'.r.-""|t -', _ _ 31 ' 5 _~ 92., ' -7; i- - I as - M-5 stateT icers,pictures tnok; agents, of and tried ROY EVELAND stated he was special agent of to get a license tag number of a statecar R. 544!. FBI R. 564-565!. Dr. Shoffeitt on March 27, de- ._,-., , livered to him 2 lead bullets which were in small brown Rowe relate-"ithat at the time of the shooting Gene envelopes. After Eveland saw the bullets they were Thomas asked Eaton what he was shooting. Eaton I rescaled in different envelopes by the Doctor and iden- replied his .22 and justified this by stating he was E 1| tfied RE 565-566!. Evelanddelivered thesepenvelopes using long rifle bullets which had to have their heads to Marion Williams that same day. The 2 envelopes cut eff so they would fit the chamber, making them were marked for identification as U. S. Exhibit 28 more deadly R. 545!. 92 and 29 R. 566!. After Rows sated he had been sent by FBI to in- OUIDA __ LARSON lived in Selma and worked at filtrate the Klan, Mr. Doar then questioned Rowe Silver Moon Cafe R. 571!. She worked there on about the Klan oath and had Rowe read 2 paragraphs l March 25 from 2 until 12. On that day 4 persons thereof R. 546!. Mr. Hanes had Rowe read other l came into Silver Moon between 7:00 and 8:30 P. M. sections of the oath of allegiance R. 547-549!. nu R. 572!. Witness identified, defendants Thomas, Wil- "*. .|.D4171 , jug 4.1. E QUHPPPITT uuua 1 1,114 A abGluG92.l |:!i'n§Qr III; IQtitanWGD .1 G l.:U'J92J'1-A-A kins and Eaten as 3 of these 4 persons and said she -l . ..at and assistant director of the State Depart- did not see thefourth in the courtroom R. 573!. The ment of Toxicology and Criminal Investigation sta- four sat in a booth and she served 2 of them beer. ..i...1ed atAuburn R. 551!. Witness saw the body at Witness could not recall any particular person from White's ChapelFuneral Home in Montgomery around among the many others who were present at that time, midnight on March 25 R. 552!. That body was iden- 5 nor did she rememberhow long they stayed R. 574!. tified to him as Viola Gregg Luizzo, and he performed an autopsy. This post-mortem examination revealed the cause of death was hemorrhage and brain dam- I age as result of a bullet wound which penetrated the I left side of the head R. 553!. A bullet was recovered and the Doctor received another piece of lead from a state investigator R. 554!. These were delivered to I 1 Roy Eveland, an FBI agent at Opelika R. 555!, on the 27th R. 556!. After cross, redirect and recross examination, witnesswas excused!" '1 92.. i_ 92i'I"W'a92 ! Since many of the points elicited from this witness and Y was a spwial agent for several otherswhich f9llow_areotherwise developed.such points will be deferred until that more appropriate time l FBI R. He was stationed at Selma on March to avoid repetition. 26, 1965. He met Rowe and some Birmingham agents in Selma R. 578!. Rowe directed Riley as to the route he had taken the night before, from Pettus _ ..g ,_ _ ,._ _ g _,. .- ,_. 1. .5, . ., _ - - _. -. _-- - - _-...; .- -.,- -. - ,. _ . ,;p,|. h _ - - r ii-WV 5-_ ~=~. =a==.--'-is-?-'>-*--.'~'--"-.'-* _;;_.,v-; f»-.*~ +.¢*.¢<-*+"e':-+-is .92»gl,_. 1,4-5-.»-I'-.. . n?-'-av.al_~4-14. -r $r.fj'f,-! !l uH:1;?!§ra..a3F'.*fi" f¥?i¢|nI-r-f~-- -92I¢f92§.|i§-!-" -<-- _._ Bridge through Selma *'4 i"q£, and back to ---1 U.~- S. f 80 ....to .. the --F " _ iih-qlqlrwrad-:url1uu-.1:-Ocular ; l. inn ..1| u.., . I. ---.. _ : I __|. ~ - II _ T. _ '-- - Iu - V _ . -' ,,_ _. - -| *- 0-cw 1-q scene MA 0'-|_R.a , 579-581!. ' . - , . -..nun_4._ l92»'1-.14 -.-.'.-1- -mu. ,-. ¢Q-...92..___,92_,__- .1. , -- .. -,, *__,__.,, ,.'---.1 . ,.__-,,92,,,_,_ ~_|,__,;,g-,,. l _.,,,,,,_92 -1-. .._,., 92- 92g¢..2s..92.i " 1...» --.- . 1. -w-. . .. - 0.! -7924 -. -Que!-.1 92. .,92 4~..u - ' '.» e , '1.s - .. ---~-l-92' . -343 " . .. . , .1. _; u 33 _ .-:~.~.-is examinedby Mr.Hanes, _Rileystated he right in front R. 597!. On U. S. 80, someonepassed -I. ,.,._=_,- ;.: 7.92'o9292'eand the3 agents with him when the _ the car and shot; he was tampering with the radio; | ' . ,-¢;;;=-I-T.*9292'e :. his3 companions and was being re- I the car ran off the road; Moton stopped it; turned |. :;._. _~_.-,_:~:.=.the car Ieftpast thescene towards Mont- _ switch and lights off. A car came overthe hill, stopped, ,1 ! . 5.... .'.n-ning Selma to tohis office R.586!. The - shot alight at the Luizzo car R. 598!-.He passedout ,- I .a___ __-_..L f92L____ _._ f92_s.A.£__._ -___ I I __ -_ Q --H:-_-" ' - _ _~ 1. .I92ll'9292'B onananan, U¬lililIlg3 WB1'BBIIU ueany 'I in the car R. 598-599!. His next recoliection was nu 1 9292- blowing the horn at some cars. Moton departedthe -- 1* .-;.::-ted lookingfor empty shells on the 26th, 3 car and ran toward Montgomery; he was picked up and returned to Selma. He went to Brown'sChapel ..|-n, | y ;nl _~s _:_-out started the P. search aboutR.-.588!. 1 mileRiley M. fromand thehis 1:30i Church R. 599!._ ' ll ;:__:¢:_92.- tI .. -~-.-.ml Montgomeryand worked toward Mont- : _ - 92 l On cross examination; in addition to the foregoing, }j :_..._., ,- SSS-589!. Theshells werefound on Ivion- ; Moton stated he did not know whether liirs. Luizzo was QT, '_.j_-_, SS1.They were betweenthe edgeof the I working or not R. 601!, but she cameto the transpor- ' -- -_, and theditch; they were right on the shoul- tation office R. 602!. On the trip from St. Jude to 2,2 15- _ was about 2 feet off the road, another one Selma, anothercar tried to run the Luizzoone off the ' ' -J.-atoff. another one about 31%;, the farthest road R. 605! ; and bumpedthe Luizzo car 2 or 3 times '- . .:'.~out9 feet off. They were scattered along- R. 606!. Mrs. Luizzo started back to Montgomery . i ei g IIliV!92 Itl92II 0-I-an nlnnnlrhnn nl- can nnwl-:n92'|'|nn I _ , .3 ll 9292 Q ull DI I¢ allULIl92JGl GU ll PQI UIUQIQI and was driving 70-to 75 miles an hour R. 608!. j. -,; 5, -.~.=.:".92lleltherew R.539! . . E . Moton did not hear any shots fired; he heard glass -3: 1~=..s.-demsnon redirect elicited theinformation shattering; witness did not know where shots came from R. 608-609!. -They had left Selma at 7:34 P. M. . 92 ,-_- 3 were found .55 of a mile from the scene , I ,_ - 0 | so this was close to 8:00 P. M. R. 609-610, 621!. b ' 3 = ; .'-IQ! JEROME MOTONlived in Atlanta, Geor- | When a car shined lights on the Luizzo ear, Moton . ;.;_.._ _.;;¢_5-.92-asyears 20 of age. Duringthe Selma-Mont got down;he didnot touchivirs. Luiaao R. 669; 622! ; . _ . ¢n.-1' :_ -saarch he wasin transportationfrom March the car went back toward Selma R. 609!. When the " -.-:-.:;'.:'-.e R. 25th 594!; he lived in Selma then R. v car shined its lights Leroy stayed in the car about 5 -;; 3-_'__-:.~nmet Viola Luizzo March 18; he had her minutes. He tried to flag a truck R. 610!. While he .-.1-1'2" :timeuntil she rst was killed R. 594!.Moton was in the road, a little red Sprite headed toward 1;,-. 7-111.'_:t1iZi2O MarchWednesday, 23,when he tooli , I Montgomery R. 611! came by at about '70miles an = ;_~i;;--_- marc_h_,and onThursday eveningthe 2-ith ~' hour and tried to run him down R. 610!. Leroy wu ,- 4-. .'~a-5|-s3-595!._drove She the car from St. Jude r in the ditch for a while; t.he_n_ggt theon front seat and R. see!. ,1. passed out for about 30 minutes R. 611!. Leroy ran and walked down the highway toward Montgomery 31:31: andMrs. Luizzoleft for Montgomery R. I for about 31/2 miles. He did not see any state troopers =.:-:- T-.'.':~.'~'Luizzo was driving; Moton was to the ' or othercars R. 612!. . ' . . 92_ I - "f'92-"t3-;ir;|?'.-La-:7;-egg ,-¢,w, ,§';,.;i.q".:~I. -.'s.J:a-ltllf.->--11,63'.f?*§Hl?92 }§.!§o fbi3;§i#l-;§.T$f¥¥{I1! §1 §§1-.5~?QTQ@f'92-5 '1'- ¢- -Y-1?-92*'5¢._~ _ -are ;.- ,5: R z4W *i""§'f-'3" ;' d_ __ ~'=--*-t~:;m-'"'- 2'- -.*.'-..;~.92-. ".-*'~...1-as" ='--.';.--.».'6-'_ ;._*.e*i:-:~.*.=-*!'s~_a'.'~¢~=----92I.92'92'*'..z'*.~92*+~*- .- 1 "- -- 4 .-4..-. :1 -1 W -'*' '~=-*' ""' '~- ".._.. W . . , ...... _.».~'-...._* - _ . ----or ' - . . -~= - H . ' . * '5'*7 "'0'~ ' ,,£;'"' ' i ' waits" ' l oi'J..i*aes.it:';L..~a;a.e...- ---*..¢...... ,.-~ '¢-.'1-"-wt"--=-. ...:..¢.-..£._->-i..~-s-4..-tw -~. ..+--;-=-- ~- ---1-----'-----*-4'*~92"'*t3"' :,. .- .-s. ..r 1 . t.- -. - 6-. . .-. - 1" .,-,»I-,- ... '-"-'¢._JI- 1 I "J;-4' '_"" ". " < i -- . -- I 92 ' . -'-'-'-";r1~1":'.'-. |¢,92 '*.. I.' an. - _ H _ 1 1; - s,-,.v:t92g n p , e ,1; , ,92,,,,,,,,-,,,-+_;92-y,,,,,.,,;,1.,.,.,,¢,.,.,,,|-Js¢.,~..-e.;,. _ -L. .-..,¢.. u'.,. 'm@w< 35 _ ____h__ . Y92- a. 'L LI. I A. I L .Q I .I _'I _.._.n_A. _._ L__... _J _.___ _--.___L _nn .11.A _ I 1 . Q I Leroy got into tne rear 61 a t iéli no naggeo and arrest, or near or any arrest on mat nlgnt 01 8113 G0- u . went to Brown's ChapelChurch R. 614!. He saw Lt. ing 100 miles an hour R. 632!.- . Nichols but did not tell him oi the shooting R. 615- |R |l=92 Li Pircf uqnfdnf r |-nntvnlln inn l-nllrnrl uril-In unenu THOMAS M. SHAUGHNESSY was an agent for .+- UJ.U]o ran .1 anew unyusuu 92Jnbl.|-92..u us? wllncu rvsun aaucvcn Williams, an SCLC official R. 616!. Lt. Nichols took FBI R. 635!; and his testimony concerned W. O. Leroy into custody there and carried him to Selma Eaton, theappeal beingmoot as tohim. However, it Police Station R. 616-617!. hloton denied twice that may be noted Eaton was arrested at his residence; a he stated to those present the car that came alongside search wasconducted; a hand ,gun wasfound under and shot was a black 1955 Ford, which went on up the the mattress in the bedroom on the first oor. This hill, turned around, cameback, shinedits lights on the gun was marked U. S. Exhibit 33 for identification, car, and went back to Selma R. 618!. On cross ex- which witness said was the one he obtained at the amination, Leroy said he stopped the car by using the Eaton residence R. 637!. Eaton stated after his brake pedal. Leroy was 6 feet, 4 inches tall R. 622!. arrest he arrived home at-10:30 P. M. R. 636! on March 25. Shaughnesey also identified a smaii hoit "Z'SSE McG.4H.4lived at Metairie, Louisiana. On with the gun as containing 6 .22 caliber bullets with .1 25,he was a state trooper R. 623! on duty on which the gun was loaded R. 647!. This was part of 56 east from Selma on radar detail; his partner U. S. Exhibit 33, which was admitted R. 6-46}. 1*-"la T1'c.perHagood. The radar detail was set up at EDWARD M. LEAH Y was an FBI agent during Iyler Crossroads, 11 miles east of Selma R. 624!, which Mclliaha merited on the drawing oi U. B6. March, 1965 R. 653!, stationed in Birmingham R. 654!. On March 26, Thomas was arrested by other His unit was shopping violators. McGaha was shown agents in Lorene s Cafe in Bessemer R. 655!. U. S. U. S. Exhibit £21 for identification, a warning ticket Exhibit 34 for identification was 6 photographs of R. 625!. Hagood flagged a1962 Chevrolet and wrote Thomas car outside of Lorehe's andit was admitted the warning ticket and the driver asked if "the niggers R. 656! . On the passengerside of Thomas car there been giving ycu boys any trouble R. 627!. The I was a .22 caliber bullet sitting on the ledge where the ticket was admitted into evidence. Witness was shown window cameout of the deer R. 657!. Agent Cen= U. S. Exhibit 32, which he recognized as issued to a Volkswagen buson the same detailabout 7:50 P. M. naughton directed attention to the bullet and, over objection, witnesswas allowedto stateThomas turned Over objection, this was admitted R. 628!. . I. ashen orgray R. 653-659! " . ' 1 Additional testimony on cross examination set the Leahy withAgents Connaughton,Byron andMay- timeat t =20P. M., 101- themuffler warning R. 629!. nor went to the home of Thomas with a search war- The trooperewrere working the westbound lane oi the rant, which was U. S. Exhibit 35, for the residenceand four-lane R. 630!. Traffic was on the medium to automobile of Thomas R. 659-661!. This was ad- heavy side. Witness was sure other troopers were mitted into evidence R. 661!. Thomas home was working U. S. 80 R. 631!. McGaha didnot observe, nnnunnllunrlr euu-an IQ nnlilnnw nvnrnnunibdnn nuns I1 --A; IIGII|.92-ulzu, uusuw -uu uauucl nlnllssullluull Wilt! U-illilllll, ,- . I . ...-.....--]...... - -....~...... -...... --...... ---..-.»-.--.-.= wt...-.--..-it.-maawesno-an»-=nnuw~tat»~¢a:=nv~wn+'ma»an~ curs»-inane-or-92192vr-I=r='I'=eI='f'1'!':'v'i:*'! *I'.~*:= ;~}.-:mad!Iwq l'tI'IP< -» t ta " " -3 " -' L _ - .| .- ~*- - 1 ~ ~'7 ' "- -'.~ I =.I»'.- .51 .~..~'.; - l".r.*-'../.Z¢" "i ~* "== "6 -"' -~ .. " . -i - v- .- ,- -4| .r .~ _- .~ ..__1. *-. -- 1 _,.,_ H. ..- - -.- _ . ., , ,..,~ - ,-_,.._ ~11 .. - i - ~ ._ . i - _ -. , . ~ - -,.,-._- ~ -. . ~. . _. ,,,.,.. . .- a ls_ ; »;;:_.,:, .?;3,,:.,,,.i,_,. ,» '-'.-.¢,'i~»|q,-'5 -rrir- .» =. "iv=i*~'- r "; i=-vwIin~..~; ._-. . - .-.. -J -*n'a ~-. h92> . - --.---.-|-.»~<-.¢..W.-»-92-i-.q- .w-l»--a---q-»-.-- I 37 92__ /' T-92 ...... - .._ -_ ... - .. I AIITDPATHI1 I! r¢I:I these were U. S. Jsxmmts :16, 37 and 38 for identiti- un Ir lbmlvu U . U0 ______ __ .1 _l'II!or92-1 cation R. 662-663!. A Smith & Wesson .38 caliber re- was an agent or rm, volver RT667! I serial C418827 R. 670! I was found stationed in Birmingham on duty on March 26. .1... 1.1.... -..... -.l 'll'.._ l'.*!...... £.. FF l_...... _ ,...... I ....___l.... l I-.. :1 In LUIS 92Uill' U1 H113. I. IUUHIU 1. IIUIIIESH d-IIU marneu LUI- Gettings arrested Thomas R.719!. Thomas made a l identification, U. S. Exhibit 39 R.666-667!. Mrs. statement R. 720-725! which affirmed the activities Thomas executed a consent form, U. S. Exhibit 40 for of March 25 as previously testified to except: ! I identifieatien R. 6785679!, for Agent Byron. E-r.= Thomas had no knowledge of the slaying of Mrs. -til hibits 39 and 40 were admitted without objection R. Luizzo; ! They only watched the people come in, Q} 679!. _ and watched the speeches in Montgomery; ! About 92 4:30 P. M., they left in his automobile for Selma; ! The testimony of CHARLES DONALD He went right back to Birmingham via Selma and got :1 BYRON R. 677-685! is oinitted. Byron did read an ll hack there at 9:30 P. M., and went to I.erene's Cafe inventory of things taken from the house of Thomas In Bessemer; ! He had no knowledge of the murder l pursuant to the search warrant including one New- of Mrs.! Luiszo from Detroit and he did not murder -wrt model Cb? double barrel sawed off shotgun, serial her; ! He had a permit for a .38 caliber Smith and .-.-J saber '1 70-E'>'.'.*-4 R. 683-684!. Wesson. The citation for a defective muffler given q .,.!f:'N F. CONN.-IUGH TON was an agent of FBI Thomas was admitted as U. S. Exhibit 43 R. 723! _; P. n duty in Birmingham on March 26 R.707!. He the pistol permit as U. S. Exhibit 44 R. 725!. pg . participated in the search of Thomas house and seized By RILEY and SHANAHAN, U. S. Ezdiibits 4'5 R. pursuant to warrant a. sawed off shotgun, U. S. Ex- 512, at seq.!, the 5 casings, and 46, the Rowe gun, were hibit 41 for identification R. 707!, admitted into evi- -1'" dence over objection R. 708!. The basis for such admitted R. 741, 744!. Shanahan, in response to re- cross examination, stated Rowe s gun was sent to FBI a ruling, as stated in chambeis, was that these de- fendants belonged to an organization dedicated to the onlyto determine whether it had beenfired R. 744!. preservation of white supremacy, regardless of the The following exhibits were received without ob- means, ballots or bullets R. 694-695!. This would jection: 5, 7, 8, 9, 11 and 20. The following were ad- go to intent as to what they were doing here, yonder, mitted ever ebjatien by defense ceunsei: 36, 37 and on their trip R.696; 708-709-!. 38. U. S. Exhibit 19 was not admitted R. 754-757!. RALPH BUTLER was an agent of FBI, stationed Z_M§_IiION WILLIAMS was an,agent of FBI R. in Birmingham on duty March 26. Butler arrested 757-758!, assigned to RBI laboratory, Washington. Thomas at Lorene's R. 713!. The .22 caliber shell On examination of the automobile removed from U. S. ._* was ma'i'§ ed"'U. S. Exhibit 42 for identification and 8_0 R.763! he found 2 indentations on the driver's was described as having the nose of lead cut or shaven iidé of the pointed seeds U. s. Exhibit es R. off with a hollow point in it; it was a misfire R. 714!. 764!. Williams found 3 unusual holes. On U. S. Ex- it was admitted into evidence R. 715!. hibit 22 he noted 1 hole in the window in the driver's ,,n-9292' dwr and 2 heles in the windshield slightiy to the '.-=:'i1?. J - i 1-ll 11 s':-1,,, ,..92.. _. ,l has l ll >4: l v 1 ll '- I l , ..:--.,92';»='~. . 1. .-=- ,. . 5- _ ,_ -0. .- . --.. ., . -. _92-" , 1 I ._ _.. -. _-,__,.,,._ _< L. 1':-~---_'-. ~,-* l -. - K -* 92 I : a wv '-0'."-5'1.5i*:*¢'§*l"L1"E*!";:&2%I'--i-"In-H~IW"~éI"A* =e.I~.--.-_ - 92 39 . _ --. _ / 38 F3 . I I A , L__1 [I1 HQ} .FIQE92 IY!.l._.__-. E ---A - 1'lVel"'BOI B108 Center 111.. we-100!. W iuwau tuunu a .'fragment_of___a l| bulletunder theback seaton the pas- senger side R. 765!. Inspection of the rear view him as ll were the Es- standexhibits R. mirrorwevealed an indentation in which there were 778-779!. U. S. Exhibit 39 R. 679! was the Thomas F smears oflead R. 766!. He had no way of determining Smith and Wesson R. 779!. Test spexzimens were when the door indentations were made; they had not fired from the gun and these test cartridge cases and rusted butappeared tobe rathernew R. 7 67!. Test .-:1-5.~ I: bullets .werethe ones used in his examinations R. firings was made ondoor panelsof a 1963 Oldsmobile, vso!. U. s. Exhibit 4e R. 144! wasthe RoweSmith which indicated .38 caliber bullets would penetrate and Wesson R. 780!. U. S. Exhibit 33 R. 645! was I . and .22 caliber bullets would not R. 768!. _92_4..- V the Eaton .22 caliber hand gun R. 781!. U. S. Ex- -' 1 , . ..- U. s. Exhibit 41for identificationwas a chart with hibit 50 was the fragment of a .38 caliber bullet found line drawings of a 1963 Oldsmobile,not to scale R. under the rear seat of the car R. 782!. U. S. Exhibit 769!. One indentation was made bya projectile which 51 was the badly mutilated .38 caliber bullet recovered -lit ~ t the car at a slightly forward angle, nearly level. from beneath the rain gutter R. 782-783!. The bul- ' otherwas caused by a missile which hit the car lets were admitted without objection R. 777-779; -111 angleslightly to the rear,nearly level,perhaps 783!. Witnessstated hisopinion tohe thatthe bullets -_-ml -iight.,.' upward R. 770!. Witness indicatedthe hole in Exhibits 28, 29 and 50 were fired from Exhibit 39. 1'14t in the door glassand statedthe bullet had coursed Exhibit 51 was not identified with Exhibit 39 because across the car and come torest in the rain gutteron of its mutilated condition R. 784-785!. This wa the oppositeside R. 770!. He said onewindshield illustrated by the comparisonphotographs of U. S. Ex- hole wasslightly lowerthan theother andthis bullet hibit 55 R. 794!. Exhibit 45, the 5 casings onU. S. 80, II struck the window on the passengerside and left a was shown to witness arid he tated he had coins to tiie conclusion they had been fired from the Thomas S. 6'; lead smudgewithout 1'>92breakingit, the bullet beingfired ¢» I 5 .2. ~ _ ls ¢~ *'- -._",-', _'1_.., ,._ ... *1'- . ~ . _~. ,.'_.."==;_-'_, i'l; 'p _ ' f 92 92 '5 ?'*? *1*? I " -"= "'! !=f-1 " ='-. - -.-_ "-_-- _ '1"--1!-4' " I""*-" l192 F?:--' " - av-* '-".2v Q-h_ e-92-nu.»-~l.--0-4.--1-a i _x_~.'__-_~_ ~. 'I-0-,9292l'M'»¢_9292|u9292 /' 41 92- --. - I ."- ask._ : ' After the case for the defenseand rebuttal,Mr .92' . 92"1'Ife2 bulletsreceived fromEveland onewas the - A f Luizzo bullet! had a foreign substance in the nose Doar openedthe summationfor the United States R can which appeared to be glass R. 798!. An additional 911-918!; Mr. Hanes arguedfor the defense R.919- L 92 '. '_ pointdeveloped on cross examination was that witness 933!; Mr. Herdsman concluded R. 934-942!. PT-so could not say the markson the door were fired by a .22 Judge FrankM. Johnson,Jr., chargedthe jury R. caliber weapon to the exclusion of all others R. 804!. 75-101!, limiting theconsideration ofthe jury to Item Further, it is possible one being 6 feet, 4 or 5 inches 4 in the indictment coz ezrning theprotest march R tall sitting in the passenger seat could have been hit 82-83!. Jurors were cautioned the sawed off shotgun by one of these 2 bullets, the_lower one"through the was not admitted for proving Thomas committed an- t-3*| '1 . windshield or the one through the door window R. other crime, but solely on the question of intent R. 92'."-'3. 805-810!. Williams stated as a result of his examina- 94!. Mr. Hanes requested, and the Court gave, a £33 1, tion of the Luizzo car he found the front seat or the charge on the failure of defendants to testify R. 96!. front bloody; the driver'sside; driver'sside door; floor mat on the driver s side; floor mat in rear on driver's On December3, 1965,the jury reported ahopeless alewere heavily soaked with blood as was the front deadlock R. 114!. The Court further charged the jurj ".5 cushionand the front portion of the floor and on R. 114-116!, to which Mr. I-lanes objected R. 117! .;.- grassengefsseat. Bloodwas pretty general in the Of especial import were the following excerpts, among area of the brake pedal and the accelerator R. 812!. others: y-:. Also, it is possible,if the driver'swere foot normally V Soyou haven'tcommenced todeliberate thecast on the accelerator, that a passenger who reached over long enough to reach the conclusionthat you are hope ii . to depressthe brakepedal wouldhave to touch the lessly deadlocked. ._. R. 115! - body of the driver R. 812-813!. This trial has beenlong, and the trial has been ex- Williams did not report whether or not the Rowe pensive. Your. failure to agree upon a verdict will gun had been fired. necessitate another trial equally as expensive; that is. expensiveas far as the Government is concerned, it it RIC- HARE? W.FLACK was an agent for FBI as- expensive as far as the defendant is concerned." R. signed to the laboratory in Washington R. 818!. 115! Some bulletswere examinedfor glass by him. Exhibits It is therefore very desirablethat youjurors should 28 and50 hadtraces oflaminated glass,used inwind- agree upon a verdict in this case." R. 115! shields; Exhibits 29 and 51 had traces of tempered glass, usedin side windows of cars R. 820-821!. Defendants werefound guiltyby jury verdict on r December3, 1965 CLW,,R,.51,; ET, R. 52!. Each was The Unit--YdStates restedits case R. 821! and de- sentenced to 10 years imprisonment CLW, R. 56; fense counselHanes, in effect, moved for a judgment ET, R. 57!. ' - - _4 of acquittal,which motionwas dei ed R. 823!. Hence appeal.5 '" - ' ---' .- 1 ' ' l - ' .- a"- .. .-are-.'-_,_-_t',;':-:1-W _~.:>'-s==-:rs+'e§-_~92'aj1*.*-§=~s-*gs'9e:~:"r*+<-:=;r-<5-ii-ggwg.. _. -,. _ ,_ -_ _ ,_ -» i e ,_ : _=._ J M1 . ._-:._,. . _.|._.__. + -.":~:g " ..-___ .- "921"::| '"1'; .1"_i -*1. ~ . .. fir, _ 1 ;"_ _:_ ,j_-;v_7_1{ _-.._:._>' in}-,..., . .- 92;1.:';'_-:_;_ ._ _l " -§- . -~ . " _ ~_ -'-. _'_;_ _ - 92__ --,*. - .-4~lt{J.___ ._ ._ -!4"92<-1?, . .+._., 92 1; -. -1.-1 5- - .,_92- .-_-- . _ V - 92. - = .,.g-1 1 1 _<_/.a__.l_',;¢;;.;.'.,¢. ,;__;_.-,qf,;p§';Z;-.g,.,,tg,j§§_ "we-? .. ,/ 42 43 . 92.. 92_ im______ ______ L ¥ SPECIFICATIQNS QF ERROR ARGUMENT 1. The--court erred in denying appellants motion POINT I _ ' i to dismissthe indictment R. 16-17!. An Indictment under 18USO Bee.241" is fatally 2. The court erred in denying appellants motion defective where the right alleged to have been liolllliir ll egllnltil not onesecured theby Con- for a bill of particulars R. 16-1'7!. stitution or laws ofthp United Slates. 3. The court erred in admitting over objection the following testimony and evidence: 92 At theoutset, isit emphasizedthis caseuias en] A. U. S. Exhibits 1 and 2 R. 194-195!. P°8"fd1Y triedon the theory defendantsconspire . U. S. Exhibits 3.and 4 R. 204; 208-9!. against the right of unnamed citizensto pgrtieipw . U. S. Exhibits 6, 13 through 18 R. 400!. in a protest march accordingto a plan orderedby ti U. S. Exhibit 10 R. 400!. lower court, paragraph 4 of the indictment R. 3 Testimony as to Klan organization since the court in its charge eliminated from thecoi -II R. 404, at seq.!. F. Testimony as to telephone booth R. 413!. sideration ofthe jury the remainingparagraphs G. Testimony as to Klan activities and purpose 82-83!. Thus, if paragraph 4 did not embracea pr: It. 440--1-12!. tected right, the entire case falls and defendants izr;- ~- 1 . Li. U. S. Exhibits 36, 37, 38 and 41 motion to dismiss this paragraph should have been 3...; I.. 756; 708!. . gra ted,well as asthe motion for judgmentac- of A rue - ,,,,_L nu.--! 2.. _ l_____2_._ ___._ l l___s._! .___¢!_._ Q. "int: court BITBU Ill uenymg HPPBIIIIJII-3 muuun .,...... 2: -'~judgment for of acquittal R. 823!. As toparagraph neither4, U.S. o.Guest, -US-, no 5. The tourt erred in allowing the United States P1-ice u.U. S., -US-, decidedMarch 28,1966, arecon to close the argument to the jury, even without objec- trolling as authority the indictment was not subjec tion R. 93-l-942!. to dismissal. Guest involved, insofar as Amendmen _.,A XIV rights were concerned Ithe equal protectioi 6. The court erred in charging the jury, even at -1- -4. ___I L... I1- --_L _s.._.|.-_I _!_. a_ A e _ uxaiisc, auu iiue uuian. sueu-:0 rlgiit iiilfiei tllil ciaus r7. i ' ',". the request of defendants, concerning their failure to z' 92 - arose only where there had been involvement of th. 1 " I testify R. 96-97!. . " . . -1-- _ state or of oneacting underthe color of its authority J I?- 92.»~ 7. The court erred in its supplemental charge. in The Courtfound suchinvolvement bythe statesuffi 1 - _ ...._i A ' 92.__- F that it was coerciveand diddefine incorrectlya §241 .:'-7 ,_ .-1-."*1. conspiracy R. 114-117!. ! If two or more persons conspire to injure, oppress _ -.11-r-Imam . - . . - - 1 . - -e. threaten, or intimidate my-citizen in the free exercise o: 8. The court erred in entering a judgment or guilty enjoyment of any right or privilege secured tohim by thl against appellantsin that said judgment was contrary Constitution or laws of the United States, or because 0: his havingso examinedthe same;. . . ' . 92_ to the weight of the evidence and was not supported They shall be fined not more than $5,000or imprisone: by substantial evidence CLW, R. 72; ET, R. 73!. not more than ten years. or both." _ - 92 . 1 |-.- __ . .- 1 _ M ".»" . . - i-_.,_.-.-I--_<'_': ;'. '. _ -_ ,_1 ;- ._. .~ _ .. 1 ._.- - _ -_:._ - -"r. ; ». ._.' _ .~ _. -',|-- __ V_-_ . ,- - .- - -- _' - ';, ',~'-,.-_-1.-. , .,_ 1,--r . sf "1' »' H s "92 *1 ""1-1:» *.eQ-1Me~se-- un1~»~--- .-- ' --=--- F? .-.- -W...--...... ;-.-:..'...l..-..:-.1,--.5-.||.,;. -.-.,-a... ,- 44 45 --..-.___ cienttb prevent dismissal of that branch of the indict- I7, 1965, was patentiy not one iisscured to him by the ment in the statement of the means of accomplishing Constitution or laws of the United States". Contempt the conspiracy. Our case did not involve the equal pro- proceedings suggest themselves as the proper- method tectiomclause, especially since there was no allegation to punish interference with rights or privileges grant- Negroes were being denied any right or privilege. ed by a court order. Amendment I , as subsumed into Amendment XIV,by its due process clause, is The indictment in Price charged the defendants urged as the sole basis of the right alleged to have conspired together . . . to injure, oppress, threaten involved. Freedom of speech and of the press have and intimidate" 3 named individuals in the free ex- been denominated as fundamental personal rights and ercise and enjoyment of the right and privilege se- liberty, Schneider 1:. Irvington, 308 US 147, as would cured to them by the Fourteenth Amendment to the be the right to assemble peaceably and the right to Constitution of the United States not to be deprived of petition the government, since they lie at the founda- life or liberty without due process of law by persons tion of free government by free men. See U. S. 1:. acting under color of the laws of ll/liaieeippi". In the C-ruiksiumic, 92 US 542,552. Hence, the right involved nurpose part of the indictment, the involvement of the was a right vindicated against state action and was .:e of Mississippi in the person of Deputy Sheriff not one "secured by the Constitution and laws of the ..e was alleged. The Court stated that this lan- United States . Compare Powe, at al. 1:. U. S., 109 _,.la.ge I of §241! includes rights or privileges protected F2d 147 CCA5!. The indictment as to paragraph 4 .y the Fourteenth Amendment; that whatever the was fatally defective under the Price doctrine since ultimate coverage of the section may be, it extends to ne state involvement was alleged; and it was, e! eenrse, conspiracies otherwise within the scope of the section. not cured by the verdict. Sutton 1:. U. S., 157 F2d 661 participated in by officials alone or in collaboration CA5!. The motion to' dismiss as to paragraph 4 should with private persons; and that the indictment. . . prop- have been granted, and in the posture of this case, the erly charges such a conspiracy in violation of §241 defendants should be freed, since it is obvious the . . ." Emphasissupplied!. The present indictment United States cannot return an indictment on the was totally devoid of allegations showing involvement proof adduced which can allege any state involvement. by the State of Alabama, although as neted in the separate opinions of Clark and Brennan, JJ., in Guest, Congress possibly could legislate constitutionally against a private conspiracy to violate Amendment J It XIV nights. It had not done sol , K The question must then be reached: What right or pinlvilegewé ii-ed. by the Censtituticn er laws of the _! "Congress shall snake ne la : an =@ll:h:'aeat United States was involved? The right to march and A of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or protest, as stated in paragraph 4, if secured to the un- sbrldging the freedom of speech, or of the press: or the named citizens solely by order of the court of March right of the people peaceably to assemble. and to petition the Government for redress of grievances." - . -.--. . . - - --o-m.gq--q-- _= - , T __ - p "F!" ="- UUQDQ'1'-1e?',"'i".i,'ii3'i.i i$"$" -f-""', .l . -. 92' . i":'.¢,";* will5'." .' .'-1" - ,5.l-,. lg ' _."i$.?i|" -, ..~.»-ll:- _92 .1 '41"-~.L '3. ""21 ~ 92. 92 Q; . ..'--.- :." - 1 2 . -; - --r, -h-wt. . . lay?» g.:'£...¢n.L4h~1-i'..aqat _ _J- . '-= - -art x _ -- .--- " 1.» .., . . ..- -' I-- i 1 - _.|'.__'=._ . '- .-__¢. - v.- _'_ _ - 1 _ 'I_92 -9 z-_ -_ - -- .. - __ _. -- , . , __ ,<_ -- ~ . ,». _ ._-_ , ._.. . ,_, - " - ..~ -.1 .92_,92_-_.-. '- .- -E _ ._ - _ ' . ' .,- N . I :2 -,,._;_-. _; _-. '. /--.-"'11 '! *i:'l " .'.' . F r ¢'-if "92 "*"~'1 » . -vQ1se='. -is'I.el:<.'-|r.-'92l92=~:~.- 1- ;__- '-'~ +1. -> -.-r---. ,-sags---5-,4,-~;-,,,.,,,i,,.,,,,... , .-.,',.;,,,§.,,._',;.,',.,,,,_.,_'_-,,,,,, ¢ Hf .. 46 I /' E.-~sf! | .a. ~ " *---..,'_ Pl'Jii92|""i" ii . ' 47 it I Where the means alleged in an indictment for $1 -.~ conspiracy enlarge the statutory definitlo of conspiracy in Sec. 241 the indictment ls fatally . iii defective. Failure to exercise a sound judicial discretion In F denying a motion for a bill of particulars -re- The indictment in Price alleged specific acts which - quires a reversal of a conviction. '- were part of the plan and purpose of the conspiracy, Defendants moved for a bill of particulars R. 10- .J- as did the Guest indictment, e.g., 1. By shooting Ne- 15! to ascertain the namgs and addresses of the per- 1,. -. groes; 2. By beating N egroes", etc. Further, the means , 4 in Price clearly showed state action. This indictment sons conspired against, together with the dates and did not allege any specific acts by persons acting under places where the acts occurred R. 12-13!. The mo- the laws of Alabama, or even acts by private indi- tion was denied R. 1'7! after colloquy among court viduals. Instead it merely enlarged generally the scope and counsel R. 37-47!. It is settled law the grant- of the alleged right to participate in the protest march ing or denial of a bill of particulars rests within the "" extending "participation" to those who were lend- sound discretion of the trial court, and in the absence .1 or had lent their support R. 3!. The court in its H vpf iiwanlvw Q linen _ Va nr raw -auauv| nrninrlin D ans ifn Qallllla ruling» urill av ass I1 slvvnf ha arm _ :1 uswvuawnu1-IQ I1 vl-nu!. Pl"-92-"I -. sge also extended the alleged right to persons who on appeal. Johnson v. U. S., 207 F2d 314, 321 CA5!. ''1 "ere .-nding or had lent their support to a demonstra- See also Robertson v. U. S., 263 F2d 872 CA5! and tion march". R. 83; 97! It is difficult to see under Reynolds 1:. U. S., 225 F2d 123 CA5!. ;_., concept of §2-41 wherein any federal right, Amend- A reading of the record of the trial below shows pri- ,,. ment XIV or otherwise, was involved. Lending sup- mary reliance was had by the United States on the port is not the exercise of freedom to peaceably as- H 9- fV'nl v in-a T .- H12-Z-i' .n nvnn-Iv-nu fhnun-I1 icyqll all Mr manna n Q-Ivan1- inns!-l om-I fl-insaggy semble or petition for redress of grievances. There can court emphasized the conspiracy alleged under §241 be no federal role involved in a person's contributing was not directed against a particular person but a money to a cause, lending his automobile, or doing any class of persons R. 40-41; 140-141!. That this was of the other things pertaining to a protest march other to be the primary reliance was evident before trial than actual and direct participation. To elevate this because United States attorneys, out of the presence a to a constitutional right, and further to punish by fed- of counsel for defense, mentioned certain evidence con- Q eral law denials of the alleged right by private indi- cerning Viola Luizzo to the court R. 139!; and be- viduals only, inevitably would affect adversely the cause the court immediately prior to trial stated it wise adjustment between state responsibility and na- assumed the prosecution would attempt to show this tional control . . . . See U. S. v. Williams, 341 US 70, murder R. 141, and see also R. 361!. The court also 73. Tneihdiétment was due to be dismissed because charged the jury on overt. act R. 91-92! and the of this addition to the substance of §241, as approved Luizzo murder R. 97!. by the court in its charge to the jury. Viereclc o. U. S., --.¢II92s| r w I ' -mi P 318 US 236. _ ! Ruleglricect 7 the f!. filing "Bill of of a Particulars. bill of particulars . The court . ." for Fad. cause 1}. Crlm.may ix, .. ..t1.-1. . '~.- lK a . Slice an overt act, the murder, was to be given such 92"Q ' '. ¢92 a prominent role, even though proof of an overt act -q.~ r ' ,;7~':t possibly was not required for conviction, appellants I: " . - submit they were entitled to be given information r of_.-'.,_,, , .t¥,.~___- ' . ;. ~ . 1 .. = '0"-92_': .-_ j 1'- . ...».,- ._ --.. _,_. -. --, ._ Y... - '_ __ _- _. »_-. _- ,.,- - t *__._-_.J_. -'..:.,;,92I - _ - .__¢. . _ _ ._ .. ,_.-:7- _ _'_';* H . --.* -;. ,_ ,4 1 -i -i!". '92 4 92. - i __ :p,,_,92,4 _s.92~:',__-.r e_' such act as to name, date, time and place, asin a §371F-t . ,._,_.. , * --1.-- _, .._ . - 1 ._ r. .- .-.., ._..-1,-_--_-,J at conspiracy. U. S. v. Lopez, vi " /-1 26 FRD 174 DC,NY!. '~ *'s.* -P. -'"~'*=-H92 1"*'i-¢:I":'0 ': =l. r i ' ~'-s.92i:.'!M.s!92- r-.0-n-eensrvai-.1-In-s92w= -|..'.. "" -1-.1» -hl-_! 1~_"h1Q92:*r-=:~-ea--1-M.--i-=>-seeeleneieutss-i~.-|-pa.--ewe-t - ._ , Judge Whittaker in U. 4sS. 1 S '' "RD 1 372 49 .,, . ._ , '92I. DC,Mo!, stated: 92 e III sun 4 _ 1 ; up .¢'- . g .- .. . nf'92 missiuie ut. 1:19-140!. 111tms posture or the matter, . _,; Without definite specifications of the time and n i _.ueJ' and by presuming the defendants to be guilty, the AA place of commission of the overt acts complained of, and of the identity of the person or persons court did not exercisea sound discretion in denying dealt with,there may be difficult :in preparing the motion but abused its authority to the prejudice to meet th_e generalcharges of__t e_ip_ormation of defpndants.A reversal is inorder. and some danger of surprise . . p. 37b. In-. he court below further stated the defendants were some iv : entitled to a bill of particulars because theywere Admission of testimony and evidence over ob- . .c.reaware of what was asked for than anybody else jection, where testimony and evidence ie preju- R. -.;!. Judge Whittaker in Smith showed thefallacy dicial to e eubetentlal right of e defendant, is of such reasoning: error. Nor is it any answer to a motion for a bill of particulars for the government to say: The de- In the following, proper objection was made as .1 fendant knows what he did, and, therefore, has noted. l , all the information necessary. This argument could be valid only if the defendant be presumed A. U. S. Exhibit 1 R. 194!, the plan of march and to be guilty . . . Being presumed to be innocent, the temporary injunction issued thereon, and U. S. it must be assumed That he is ignorant of the Exhibit 2 R. 195!, the order of this court declining to . { facts on which the pleader fonnds his charges!" stay enforcement of" the injunction, were admitted in p. 375. . error since they did not concern a federal right made hr . ,~; The United States attorneys assuredly had definite definite by decision or rule of law. See Point I, supra. ' a .¢, knowledge they would present many witnesses with They would have probative value in contempt pro- 92,'.',~;evidence and testimony to try to establish the defend- ceedings for violating the injunction. ' = if antsmurdered Viola Luizzo; they so informed the B. U. S. Exhibit 3 R. 204; 208-209!, the Klan pa- court 1_92'y"iiiq'.-.iii'i:92.gif certain evidence were admissible rade request, and U. S. Exhibit 4 R. 204; 208-209!, R. 139!; and the court itself, on the day of the trial, the parade permit, were erroneously admitted because knew the defendants wouldhave to meet this presenta- defendants were not shown to have been connected tion by warning certain evidence would not be ad-_ with them andthey had no probative value as to spe- 'cific intentunder §241. See Point VI, infra. This was ~..-_ .. a protestzparadeagainst theorder of March 1'7,1965 R. 211!, which order did not concern a federal right made definite by decision,,o.r_ru1e of law. See Point I, m ll, . . - .. . i _ . r n _ ; ; , 1- iv-_:: - ;,. ; _ _ _ :_" _ ¢-.,- _.'i. Y 1,1-en 2 1 -4.11 --,»_--,~.-u¢r=.~~§,.=5M' 1. 1 P -. 1 wt--_|,_ ;-_gq,.;~-.7 .-_.,_92-. . _-92.'_.-.., , ,_ __._, ._,.,-w, ., ,_., N ,i_h_,_,_ myl . 59 . 51 , /' _ 3- R7229; 257-258!,were erroneouslyadmitted because addition ofthe phrase"by ballotsor bullets",stated Ir they hadno probative value asto specificintent under by Rowe to have beenused very often", adds nothing. §241. See-PointVI, infra. At most, the exhibits could In fact, one would have to infer defendants used this In be usedin contempt proceedingsto show knowledge of expression, which is not a !'l;! ..!Q!!&bli.!inference, br in- the cdurt sorder Cf.231-232!. Otherwise,they mere- fer they heard the phrase used,which did not appear, ly show a peaceableassembly, a constitutional right. and further infer they ascribed to it. As an inference D. U. S. Exhibit 10 R. 400!, 3 pictures of cars in on an inference it waahighly prejudicial, since the court on the basis of this statement alone admitted the Klan motorcade of March 21 R.248-249!, were into evidence U. S. Exhibit 41, a sawed off shotgun ¢=.}.__ never properlyidentified andhence erroneouslyad- L.-92 -nil-I-.4.-I -.-in Ah-I +1-mr lmsuq -n-|-nlvuuiiun uslrin Qua pninf found in Gene Thomas home R. 694-695; 708-709!. .-.,- lllllrlvlil-I IIUL usu U115 llBl'92- ysvuuulsu vl-hsvlvl 92I92If92fA villi v E VI, infra. - H. U. S. Exhibits 36, 37 and 38 were packages of E. Rowe testified as to the organization of the Klan rounds of .38 caliber ammunition R. 662-663! and - 1 1 and the meaning of certain Klan expressions R. 404- U. S. Exhibit 41 was a sawed off shotgun R. 707!. 406!. This was error because it was proof of nothing These wereseized purportedly under a search war- id sanctioned guilt by association , and had no pro- rant, U. S. Exhibit 35. Rules 41 b! ! and 41 c!" , =.ti=:e valueof the specific intent required in §241. Fed. R. Grim. Proc., are quite specific a valid warrant See l oint VI, infra. As was aptly stated by defense shall issue only on establishing the grounds therefor, counsel, "Klanorganization isnot hereon trial. R. one ground being .the property had been used as a means of committing a criminal offense. These facts 404! are consideredpertinent: ! The autopsyon the body F. Rowe was allowed to testify, on the question of of Viola Luizzo wasconcluded about2:00 A. M., on -intent, that he saw a telephone line cut after Gene March 26, and a mutilated .38 caliber bullet recovered _, . '____ Thomas and Willains ieft a booth on March 25 R. ,_ R. 553-555!; ! The searchwarrant wasissued pre- r _ 413!. This had no probative value asto a specific in- sumably during business hours of the United States tent to deprive a person of a federal right made defi- Commissioner onMarch 26; ! The warrant de- s._»- nite by division orrule of law. SeePoint VI, infra. It scribed theproperty as guns, ri es, pistols, ammuni- is further objectionable becausethe predicatewas not .1: F a |i-_ . laid as to the condition of the..wire beforethey entered 0 8! Rule 41" b!: "Groundsfor Issuance.A warrant may be the booth. ISSIIBCI underthis ruin to search for and seize anyprop- 0 G. Thetestimony ofRowe asto Klan activities with I erty,_. . . ! Designed or intended for use or which is or 33- " T- has beenuged the as meansof comgnjttin: s criminal of- ... _.._.|_ defendants andthe purposeof theKlan R.440-442! enso; . . . ' y. . r'I _.~ .. was ldghlyprejudicial as offering to provea specific Rule 41 c!: "imméis ii Conteii .- A warrant mm . 71> intent by mere association.That thepurpose ofthe issue only on affidavit sworn to beféib'tho judgeor com- -._ missioner and establishing the grounds for issuing the '- Klan was to maintain white supremacy was legiti- |' -. Karrant .4. and!he shallissue a warrant identifying I. . H0 m9_gg'and ofin itself, under Amendment I,and the wuw ylvyw Iv s 0 0 0 .'92. 0 " . .. 3" ' " ~'-"' =-Y --~'~-' iv '- A . - 92 . 92 - .- J R ------. -~- -- _,--'-4-@i£ .i1. .- : §;- ."'.-! """"',s' 'f - .. - J-,'.;. , i - , _'t .-.. . 1-_'. 1 /. - ;_'_- -lt* , - - _ '. .-.._' ' -r. :- . o 1 : 1:, I .."u ~.._ ___ /' 52 . 92-92- ..- - -. 92-~ -- 1,- ,-ix .._ '"-v. _ . . ,, . . .. - -. _ _,_. I -- '1§ '. _ ..92._.: 1,,'.'_ ¢ .-.-< U011 BUG V3I°1OllS ERG 8l.ll'lClI'Y WBBPOTIBI *1? " *'I. "~ "1" " " ¢= !L"r"*"-11*- l "*5-"92?¥4~ -."*wn~a--:-9292.'--F4 "Mi: e'Z[k;1"-i : =&.§"::92-v-Ii ii-92' inal offense__was the shootingof Viola 53 we Eugene Thomas was arrested about 1 92.r.....,i.. no ID nan n n92. rm 'I ha ...-...-.1-.A LIIHILJI u £1. 001, Viv], v; 411$ ncass.-zl vz cide isa stemoffsna, nota f@. oe."" The wort home wasat 2-p07 P.M., March 26. See Exhib stated in its charge "that it is not necessaryto establish the offense here charged conspiracy! to prove that --s Appellants, particularly Eugene Thomas,assert the shotgun andammunition wereobtained by an illegal the defendants intended to kill or did kill Mrs. Luizzo." search and seizure in violation of Amendment IV." R. 97! Appellants contendthe searchwarrant was No motion was made to suppress this evidence before invalid becauseon its face only a state offense was the trial opportunity therefor did not shown, over which the "Un_itedStates had no juris- -1 exist.""° Rule 41 e!, Fed R. Crim. Proc. The shoot- diction, and also thehomicidé wasnot a necessary part ing of Viola. Luizzo"did not state a federal offense, of the proof of the alleged conspiracy,"the federal of- although itwas a criminal offense". Appellants have fense involved. Assuming, arguendo,a federal offense "-en unableto locate any authority which answers the did not have to be recited for a valid federal search tion of this case: Is a federal sea.rch warrant valid warrant, then were guns, rifles, pistols, ammunition ..:.i aid not showon its face the property to be seized and various and sundry weapons" the means used to 1::~=i be11 usedas the means to commit a federal of- commit the homicide? These items are not the means : .¢nse'l Thisis a nation of two sovereigns and homi- the "means" in homicide is that agency which caused the death,the personwho pulled the trigger. A gun may give evidence that the caused thedeath, no more, sincea gun in and of itself cannot causea death Q---in and a conviction can be secured without the instru- 9! "The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers.and effects, against unreasonable searches inent. The validity of this analysis is buttressed by end seizures,shall not be violated.and no Warrants shall cases involvingother types of crime. In U. S. 1:.Harris, issue, but upon probablecause. supportedby Oath and 331 US 145, asearchincident to a legal arrest revealed affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the person or things to be seized." some draft cards, the possession ofwhich was unlaw- ful. The draft cards, being part and parcel of the 'l"Ll-IIIII BIIPPUIIIU --us-u92-Om Hen lnll Q-lsunlbllllnuns-an-inn} Inan: 'Pninl- I uuuv 55:; T nlnfg --r ., ihlit --- - {hau court abused its discretion in not allowing a bill of par- crime, were "means", not mere evidence. In U. S. v. ticulars. H Rabinowitz, 339 US 56, forged government stamps -3 1! But see U.S. 1:.Office 508Ricou-Brewster Building,119 upp Z4 i":C.'La!, whereinthe eou stated, at p. 26, an arrest warrant had to be founded on facts constitu- 2! Murder while committing a See. 241 conspiracy was I I1 ~, federal crime until the demise of Rev. Stat. Sec. 5509: , |- ting probable cause a federal offense had been com- mitlsd...... Particularlyas to defendant Eaton,and the prejudi- If, in the act of violating any provision in either of the "~ ¢ . . cial effect of admitting the .22 caliber _gunas to the two preceding sections, any other felony or misdemeanor other defendants, the court below erred in not allowing be committed, the offender shall be punished for the defense counsel to go into the arrest warrants R. 704; same with such punishment as is attached to such felony '!4 i'='i'..-"'-9}.Giotieneiie o.U. S.,%'! 480. SeeUS » or misdemeanor by the lawl od the state in which the Fa offence is committed." - -.~-~e.:r"-'-- - l'!"1 """l-*" T; -.*' ""i -1'11 :-".2-~~31 - =.r"H"1~+-~=*-'*"1*? -¥'='** ?* 2 4* '~'-*-'=~*=-'~:-'~-".-*- :=~ Acquittal of the felony or misdemeanor in s state > _ ._,=s I ~l _,,_ ,.,__::= : 92',"_, v, g_t: ._ _ ~ , |-_, __'_an _ "1' ..:.w . J , ...,-_ _ . . ._._-, 5 | __. :.,.-_ ,.. - _- - . court_ , . was. a bar_ -. .. to_.~,. prosecution , .1? under this statute inthe _._ federal court. U. S. u. Mason, 213 US 115. ' i - . - l . ..__. _, i - , M,__ _d-_ t _ ..-,_,- 92 _- . r _ :- { I . . _ _ ...; -'_ -»-A #-'* wy 1 I92<:-!."'s-. . ,_--. --nu-.»- .1 ---» -- -~,¢;,,.n"..-:--. . ..- _...',-2.'u£--i--...|-.._a. . i _ / O4 55 were-seized. Fheywere at the core of the crime of pos- her? Andhow couldammunition onthe Thomas prem- | 5.0 .n sessionof the stamps. In U. S. v. Olmstead, 7 F2d 760 ises havebeen usedin the shooting of Viola Luizzo? On fl "._ DC,Wash!_, .asearch warrant issued to seize intoxi- its face, therefore, this was a general search warrant 34- ' cating liquors. Papers and documents indicating a proscribed against by Amendment IV. While a search ',=-"F conspiracy were taken and the court said illegally be- incident to a legal arrest cannotby its nature bepar- -r 4 cause they were only evidence. In Woo Lat Chun v. ticularized, a search warrant, whose office is a search U. S., 274 F2d 708 CA9!, the search warrant de- before arrest, can be-sparticularized, especially one scribed certain items. Letters concerning the items issued after the commission of an offense and the were seized,and the court said illegally since they were search made after the arrest of a suspect. Query: not instrumentalities of the crime itself. See also What purpose can a warrant after arrest serve except '_ -'0: Marron v. U. S., 275 US 192. Appellants contention to obtain evidence?! is that the items described in the warrant were mere This search was not incident to a lawful arrest, so .-Z?_ . evidence. Some of the cases above involved a search lure!- if possession of a sawed off shotgun be s federal of- incident to a valid arrest, but the principle remains fense, which was seemingly recognized R. 94!, still the same with or without a search warrant that evi- , . the offense was not committed in the presenceof the l'*". T4!- '-.-e cannotbe seized since it is not that "means" of searching officers so asto make its seizure legal. U. S. ' .. :-Q s . 2 -ll b! !. To put it another way, in Rabinowitz v. Harris, supra. Stated otherwise, if there be an en- ultl H 'r1-isa conviction could not be obtained without try under a legal search warrant, and during the »~-v.- ..l& items seized. In Olmstead, Woo Lai Chun and cp- search the FBI discovers the actual commission of an- Man-on, conviction for conspiracy, if applicable, could i other crime which must be committed in their pres- be obtained without the items seized. See also U. S. 1:. ence-- then they may arrest for that crime and have a Lcfkowitz, 285US 452. if the items describedin this P the legal right as an incident of the arrest, without a warrant be means and not evidence, then it follows warrant, to search the place contemporaneously in all one would have to do to escape punishment for -if? order to find and seizethe thingsused tocarry on the murder by shooting would be to destroy totally the crime discovered. weapon. Assuming, also arguendo, the shotgun and ammu- nition were legally seized they still would not be ad- The warrant did not particularly describe the things missible, even onthe question of intent R. 709!. Cf. to be seized ascommanded by"Amendment.IV. What Woo Lei Chun v. U. 8., supra. No =inferencecould be could be more generalthan "guns, rifles, pistols, am. I- r- drawn frognpossession thisof shotgunor ammunition munition and various and sundry weapons"? Were defendant Thomas entertained the specific intent ne- all these used in the shooting of Viola Luizzo? How cessary for a §241 conspiracy, It was far too remote could th'atbe'whenit was known from a fragment pre- Q to have probative value on this-issue. -.. _.-- _, viously recovered R. 372; 555! and the bullet found Ta '. IQ-~ on the autopsy R. 555! that in all probability .38 cali- Summarizing, appellantscontend anillegal pearch ber bullets had been fired into the car and one killed and seizurebecause ! the warrant was invalid since . I is-~~+-.~,--¢,-:.-'--- 11.".§_@ifi.~ i.i<:ie3fl:tlh?.-2 /l 58 . .. . .-..' ""5- w . I 1 i . '92_J of innocenceclothing a defendant. Such a dilution, it 59 . -,- *- P:-'I 7 _, .. -T.-, . is urged,__c_a."nnotbut violate the due process clauseof = -"1--.-.'?1 to participate in aoprotest march had not been madl iv. -*1 : Amendment V. . definite by decision or otherrule of law, a requiremen i~.*!'£'» ~r_**I 92 3 .- POINT VI Y of Screwsrecognized inthe Court'sopinion in Guest .._ .__- 16 Led2d 247. Also, in Justice Brennan'sseparat The failure of s court In a conspiracy trial under - #1 i '4-it? opinion hesaid: - E5-v-.V'l 18 USE Sec. 2-11to charge the jury the defend- .0 ants must act with a specific Intent to interfere "B_ut, asthe Countholds, a stringent scienterre ',:J_!_a_b . with the federal right in question, which specific quirernent saves 9241 from condemnation as 1 P92! ' intent. must be proved by the prosecution. is re- criminal statute failing to provide adequateno versiivie error. as in vioiaiion of Amendment V, tice of the proscribed conduct. . . . We have con .'|_- U. S. Constitution, even without objection. strued §241 to require proof that the person: charged conspiredto actin defiance, orin reck- In Price, the Court stated: less isregar , of_an announced rulemaking the constitutionality"This -Court has re'ected£241thebe argument may affected of by that the undue giidieral rightspecific definiteand . . . 16 Led2c vagueness ofcoverage. The _Jourt heldwit refer- The court compounded andmagnified its error in a ence to§242 thatany_ deficiencyis cured by the " zquirernentthat specific intent must be proved. supplemental charge R. 107-108! which defined con- vr--nnirnmr" --5; at nu U55 -0 Hn: inn-tr :J33 u nv92-lilbllit mmmsr Slnnni n IJlI92I92vlLl92r ii-|§'Al'|§ uavvuvwan nunn-"- "ran Screws v. United States, 325 U. S. 91. There IS U no basis for distinction between the two statutes mentioned; speci cintent had to be charged toavoi in this respect. See Williams I, 341 U. S., at 93- the unconetitutionality of vagueness. D-.. 51..-..- l..21..._-... 1.- . L.__._._ __. __ _-!1!- 1_-a____t I,0 .1, 95 Douglas, J .!." 16 Led2d 2'79, fn20. 1'mane ur iauures I-0 marge DI] specmc 1111781112 OI U1 Screws teachesa requirement of a specific intent to alleged conspiratorsconcerning the alleged specifi deprive aperson of a federal right made definite by and definite federal right, the court below must b decision or rule of laws savesthe act from any charge reverad, even 92.=.'itl':outunder objation, the "plai: of unconstitutionality,and theissue mustbe submitted error" rule. Supra, fn. 16. Likewise this argumen under appropriateinstructions tothe jury. Screws v. supports the propositions theindictment as to para U. S.,supra, pp.101, 103. A close reading ofthe charge graph 4 should have been dismissed and the n1otio1 on the technical aspectsof conspiracy R. 88-96! re- for judgment of acquittal granted. 1 veals onlygeneral instructionsthe evidencemust show § defendant knowingly and willfully participated in 1 .3! the uplawfulplan withthe intentto advanceor fur- 5 _ . 1 ther sorneobject orpumose ofthe conspiracy. At no - 1 - place didthe Courtcharge thatthe jury had tofind a ' -n--Qy1s92om-I . specific intentto deprivea person of a federal right. 2 - p ll '|.?...-4-tmv-n-m92~¢glint-mri ti-in forlorn} r"icrl-ii , hv omn-'l-. nrrlnr #._ »..@.:.ii|*'f* 1-¢:; 1, |.||. uuvs lll92.I'IIi|mu. asavpvn --~ v--- --D--- -J ------v- --m I D .. _.'_~92 t - --' .---*. - ~ . -IL - .'-,-._ w_ _ -_-a-.--1*-'1... . . ~ _ . - A .. ._ '._.- .. - .;._. -- _ ."< .' .------., - , .._- .,,< . . w. ,_ _,»- 4! . »."-2 e -' .. - ._-',-92_" 2, _ --_a~ -,_'- "'- .- I .92- . '~, ,_--..--=3, - b -- - . ~-!~. ,-"'. - ! :¥* *?'!"r*:ii. *£W|r.n=- -- .".'r.'l;"'-'1:-Q.-st:-~+r-nearer-:»I- v-=4 r..1-rrfmv-:~.~.|=---92" ~-~v|q» --A»-we---u--rm:-92--1-"-.-:-its-:.vl92'i492¢'~*1t¢ssa||aa-are--->~ -- an , 60 61 ~"'""~'~_ ----. ---- : saunas anal :-nan JAQQLL l_ --L -_- .LL_ ___I.I.I!.a.__ _j Il_ ""- I"UlNl' VII unis, nus suuu uulsuu ll cu-at IJPUII H18 vaumty DI B l"ll-110. See G1-ifjin,rupro., p. 615, fn. 6. ". For s-a.;..|rt to instruct a jury, even st the re- - uuest oi -1 defendant, that his failure to testify Prior toGriffin, themajority ofstates heldthere does not rreate any presumption against him is was a duty to grant a request to charge that failure to fundamental error in violation of Amendment V, testify shouldnot betaken againsta defendant.Anno., U. S. Constitution. 84 Led 231, et seq.A basis for sucha conclusionwas waiver bythe defeat-iant.92 See,e.g., Carter v. State,6 The court below, at the request of the defendants, 0klaCrimRep 232, 118 P 264. Other state courts had instructed the jury on the effects of their failure to held sucha request to chargeshould berefused. See, l-__a.£.I.- ID HE H92 |'I'922J- I-O EOADIQH I -a-._I_ a. l_-a £_: l___._ watuy in-. UU"U'I]- .|.u.u: 1.0 3010.1 reaus mat xauuru e.g., Robersono. Com-.,274 Ky 49, 118 SW2d 157; of a defendant to request to be a witness shall not Hanks v. Com, 248 Ky 203, 58 SW2d394; Tine: 1:. create any presumption against him. Bruno v. U. S., Com, 25 KyLRep 233, 77 SW 363. See also State v. R Us-Iv l'l.q 92-IL: 9R7 u I 'savannahnlrl H qvsanw nrnsriirinn ravsnw-was amps-Ucrnsrn an nlaacmnnianrl nan-92192aa.r92'92|a an an Long, 324 Mo 205, 22SW2d 809 statute forbade com- indefeasible right to have the jury instructed by the ment on testimony!. The rationale of this line of cases -2 his failure to testify did not create any pre- appears tobe that the court'sgiving the instruction i cion against him. This decision restedon §3481. did the very injury which it was theobject ofthe law i ... urif"i1t v. California, 380 US 609, the Supreme to prevent. . a . .urt stated in essence theprovision of the California Before Griffin, a defendant had only a statutory Constitution which allowjed court and prosecutor to right which prec.iude_.d. commentin a federal trial. New comment onthe failure 0F defendantto testify violated the right is a fifth amendment one. The question be- the self-incrimination guaranty of Amendment V, as comes: Doesa defendant by requesting a charge waive the same is made applicable to the states by Amend- his constitutional right for the court to refrain from ment XIV. Thus, the right to have the court refrain commenting onhis failure to testify? The answer,in from comment is now a constitutional right and not a reason and logic, must be No." When a defendant statutory one in the federal courts. Compare Wilson _. ft ts 1 an Tf an :____ LL; ...2._92.a 8.. .. __.._a:s..-a:_.__'l takes the stand as a witness in his behalf he does so Us U. D», 1.13 UD DU. DIJICE Elli: flgllb ID R LUl'lSLl.Ll.ilL1UIlBl entirely at his own volition; and the court would have no power or authority to prevent him from doing so. liy_ refuing take the standhe hastdoneso entirely t I at nisown volition;and thecourt would have no power ii or authority to compel him to do so. But when a de- 7! In trial of all persons charged with the commission of ofieasesaaainst the United States, and in all pro_ceed- fendant merely requests,fn'92< e92 a charge, hisr own volition ings in courts martial and courts of inquiry in any State, nip? _ District, Possession or Territory, the person charged shall, at his own request, be a competent witness. His 0! We reserve decisionon whetheran accusedcan require ~ as in Bruno v. United States, 308US 287,that the jury be Q. failurean---Gin. ---at-i-4 tomake such in-in request shallnot createany pre- Iill-ll!-llvlllll IBCIIIDU ilulh instructed his s eoce roost be dLsreg.=_rdcd." .'- ' 5 . ezg-ei*=." . . _ __ _. _;, _ : '. .." _.- -. '' r .. ' . l. ,.. _- -P '-r ' 1 -1- " 1 ' i 9---1 L'.7l-"1'17Y '|_92" -Iarr! ~- - - - ~..'-?. =s-1!-=~|~|t=unun.-.--M.-.-92 Q 9292 1 / 62 r 63 .______92 u mime supplementedby actionby thetrial court, POINT VIII upon whose judge reststhe duty of charging the jury A supplemental charge to a jury In a erlltlnal as to the law. Courts frequently refuse instructions casewhlchlscoerctvedenaadsarevernlola _ -_ WhiCI l928!'Bthe law, not and in so doing reject the posi- verdict and judgment of conviction. . I I tion of a defendant. A defendant, as noted, has a con- U After the jury had been deliberating about 8% --,;: stitutional right for the judge not to comment onhis Nd honrs and had been retired tor deliberations some 24 failure to testify, i.e., since Griffin, a judge is under a constitutional duty not to comment. When a judge hours R. 103-113!, theyreported a hopelessdeadlock decides togive sucha charge requested by'thedefend- R. 114!. The court, s-ua.sponté, gavea supplemental ant, which decision belongs to the judge alone, then charge, the greater part of which tracked that charge .'-5' -.= approved in Allen 1:. U. S., 164 US 492. See also Orton I- that judge by his own act has breachedhis constitu- tional duty not to comment. He has determinedthe v. U. S., 221 F2d 632 CA4!. The court, however, law to be he can comment on the ieilnre to testify. added to the charge in language set forth in the State- Since that is not the law, the only action he can take ment of the Case, supra, p. 41. The charge was ob- nstitutionally on a request by a defendant to instruct jected to R. 117!. * - jury on the effects of his failure to testify is to The statement concerning the time the jury had de- - fly liberated, it is submitted, was coercivein that these 12 men could more properly construe it as one the jury The rationale of the minority of states is persuasive. would be forced to deliberate, no matter how long, There can he no waiver of this now substantial con- until a verdict was reached R. 115!. Coupled with stitutional right and correspondingduty, and hence, the statementit was very desirable for the jurors in the present case,there was reversible error. See to agree upon a verdict R. 115!, the instruction was U. S. v. Lawson, 337 F2d 800, 811 CA3!. tantamount to You have got to reach a verdict in this case. This was reversible error. Jenkins v. U. S., 380 US 445. . .1 'l:92-...... L..-..'|...... l--4.4" -...a-1.2.... an A- ..-lat. - I ...- £JJ92]_J¬llI'B luauI-LIH92.Ill|l92vGl] uUuu.|l§ W uU'Wlul B Jul] 0 reaching a verdict, yet expense was given explicitly as a reason a verdict should bereached R.115!. In Wolin v. U. S., 211 F2d 770 CA4!, expense wasmen- tioned; but there, contrary to here, the court in- '5": I structed the jury by saying costs had nothing to do 3 . >pI92q929lI'l*.rI-v- with a verdict and was not to bstaken into considera- tion in determining guilt or innocence. Id., at 772. Without the benefit of the clarifying instructions of Wolin, it is submitted the charge as to expense wasco- ercive anderroneous requiringa reversal. _ - , __ ,"i'.Z'.-;.' 1 . *.s.~..-@.»..~.:'a»:..t..<.£#. -*1-.1-1'? ' l -.__ / es .. R. I _ ._,._ _ _ F 92 ,, .__ __._ ._._, . would be in the road. Query:. Where were the r .22 ,_ ,._»~ . -,..__, _._. _r __, r - caliber casingsthrown outalmost simultaneously?!" " I t ,,,, 1.»!-. -en. u---»_~ 92--av-|--'-w~¢-_-sna»:s92;rs¢a1~a:.92»92j192z:3»!?»11-.is92M:~s|||_u|qs|q|s=~ Leaving the scene at about 8:17 P. M., they pro- es ___- . --. --1.-. --_ _ , __ ceeded toSt. Francis Motel, arriving about 8:37 P. M. P. M., at Brighton VFW, which was RoweI s positive R. 509!. It was about 50 miles from Pettus Bridge outside time of arrival at VFW R. 513!. Thus, the to St. Francis R. 386!, so it was about 22.6 miles Rowe group traveled about 182.6 miles in 1 hour. 33 from the scene toSt. Francis. If Thomas were driving minutes to average about90 miles an hour. This is at speeds 90 and above, this took only '15 minutes. fantastic whenone considersthe congestedareas tra- There was a 90 degree turn at St. Francis to get onto versed, withtraffic lights and thelike; the 90 degree the bypass,a 90 degree t_urn at an entrance toMax- turns; and with 20,900tlt- $0,000 peoplein Mcntgc:n= well Field, and another 90 degree turn to get onto ery that day there most certainly was considerable U. S. 31 North. The Court is asked also to notice traffic on the highway. It is submitted noreasonable judicially from the point around the intersectionof man could acceptthis, or if he did, he was influenced "I ". S. 31 and 80 to Prattville was a congested area, and by bias or prejudice. The statement of Thomas to it it was approximately73.3 miles_fromMontgom- Gettings R. 724! was more reasonableand consistent tSt. Francis! to Alabaster, two ico1-porated mu- in that the group went back to Birmingham Besse- ziicipolities inAlabama. They detoured for about 12 mer! via Selma, which was about 120 miles through miles R. 435; 511! and stopped at a service station Prattville or about 100 miles through Maplesvllle and about 5 minutes R. 511!. Total distance was 85.3 Clanton. LeavingSelmararound 7:45P. M.,the group, P'92 miles and at 90 miles an hour average this took about at a realistic average speed, arrived within the time 64 minutes or 70-minutes total. The time was about testified to. " 9:47 P. M., in Alabaster, another congested area,or his 9:42 P. M., if a 90 mile an hour averagefrom the scene Appellants contend the verdict and judgment was to St. Francis is allowed. against the great weight of the evidence, and inas- I much asprirnary reliance was hadby the United States ..* - From Alabaster to Bessemer,me: incorporated mus . , --r on themurder of Viola Luizzo,there shouldbes judg- . nicipalities inAlabama, overCounty Roads44, 17and ment here of reversal. 52 and State 150, was about 23.4 miles, with three 90 'j-'-. .1_ degree turnsin Alabaster, 1 to get onto County 1,7, I" and 5 miles of winding, narrow road on County 52. . Q I Bessemerwas also a congestedarea. This 23.4 miles at 90 miles anhour average took about 17 minutes and the time was 9:59 P. M. From Bessemerto Brighton, 7 _ ,! _ both incorporatedmunicipalities, andboth congested, K - was about 1.3 miles, or 1 minute. The time was 10:00 9! Mini. 'msny questionscould be-lubed about this case, my one of which would raise sdoubt In the mind, ofany t = "-~.___ ' ". - U U - -- H . SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION " . I _ CERTIFIQATEOF SERVICE t . ' ' * THIFJUDGMEN1 c0§Y.I'c1'I0NN0F 0F COLLIE'.Fred I, Blanton,Jr., ofcounsel for Collie LeroyW11 - -''. ' - WOULD JPMBE m 392 ER5ED-Au:-I - ' _ I 51-3-n§"§§L§=béi7'oi Tr.avid the6'Bar Eunenaqlluuainag the anngnanta Statesha}-¢,:,., of uni ,1 Appellants submitdemonstrative prejudicial and APPQB-15_fQl the FlfthCi llllii herebycertify serve I i;;_:_ - E1'1 0l in thet ai: oceiirred A!.Price and Guest make the reeeieie Q!seer theiereeeiee ierBee! theAs " 9'."i . _ it cleara §241 indictment fatally is defectivewhich l"?"31lt5 "P9" theUniwd State!Att°meY 1°! U1 ' does notallege stateinvolvement anwhere Amend- Middle Di5t1'i¢l'-°f Alab m M°11t8°mBl'Y» Al b mi H 3 ment iii ! riglit is ceneerned,i'.e., not securedone by the H nvrable BenHerdsman, by depositing the sam _ . the Constitutionand lawsof theUnited States. B!. _ in the United States mails, postage first class prepaid . . ['3' indictmentAn fatally is defectivewhich enlargesthe and Pl °P°l'1Y ddre ed b0 111111at 1135 office inMont statutory deiiiiitionthe of crime. C!.Abuse judi- of 8°"1°1'Y»Alabama- ? cial discretiondenying ina bill of particularserror is ii isfurther certi edii copyof Brief for Appellant to ri reversal. D!. Testimony and evidenceadmitted was served onthe Honorable John Dear Assistant Ai §""'i _ '_ -..'=_;_ .i l. t .lS -1-.-era 1 8V¬1 St92.l. objectionwhichbi E!.Allowing worksa substantial United injurythe tore-States maiiiiig mniei, the General,sama Washington,to hini at hisoiiim in District oi WashingioiColumbia ii. |-..|-, - c....-e theargumen. on the generalissue is a violation . District of CoiiimbiaiUnited Statespostage rst cias PI? of dueprocess. F!.Failure tocharge onspecific in- pi-epaid_ . R. - ' t -pi-1;: t ii §241t Ziisus. <63.be Arini ifrubltioni vioiat iolgnjgw ftii de tbs_ 0; Th *1 --~4*? -Tum»°1 1966- failure to testify violates theself-incrimination clause . H A of Amendment v . H!. A coercive ciiarge to a jury V ' violates due process. I!. For proof of"guilt to be pre- ;; i i 'dicateil on conjecture and againstthe greatweight of - . . . i _._ _ lL- " :5 nllulinll A II DBIIQFBIIII Fred Blanton, Jr. - '" .- I _ I-I15 BVIUBIIBU la GIIUI av 5 acvwauna. f . m q7 , .. 01Suite Counsel1627 for Appellants _ . * '- 4 Twenty-one Twenty-one Buildiii -.._ - Arthur -.,/L41/i,1~i//,,.,-,T,! J. I-lanes 5 , . Birmingham,_ _ _ Alabama 85203AQ . . . Suite 50B,Friinl: Nelson Building ,< _ . i__ -I__. Birmingham. Alabama aseos i . ._ ._ , ,'ii::#I_§- u 43 -1-_" I. "ii ' __ ' J I F;-Q Blgnton,II . i , ..__; -K_f'I."ifi,A£..~i ii i, Y ' -seiie 1521.21-Z1Building - '.;:i'-.,-- E . - ; ,_. ,_ , 3 _Birmingham, Alabama 35208 i "5; ii. __' __' '? -r '* '?.*.~i=§".7_-'f=-- 2! . - -_. . I. . - ii- ._. . '.=~ |"ii"ii' -1' =:92-.».='~-i i . 1. , . _ i_i_|. . __ i §h92.'._'_ i.i'_i_ _L I | .. _92i_.|.,. . i i I :-._I -_...._ I _."?_:iI*__i_i- v 4- ,...|_ ;J.i,»_,i_ |.I f_ii1:|~_i:_-i , I. _ ___.-...... _,.._. - _ . -nu-grvi. . M. ii, -,_Vii- .. ~ » .- :'I'.vl§f3_ I--r . __I _ _ ._ _ _ 6|-l Jm. l l g . ,.-I ..- _- _._,i . -" . -1 -F» -I -;r -_ . sf!-s»~=4-.--» I-.. 92>i.i.i|iMg ig.-.ei,|iv-ii»[email protected] -1.-..;,;,,;-aiaiiu-s..a. - I '- - - -~ - .;aai,,_._~.192_i~ _ . . '-_ -~'_-,-'.=4~<92n-_'... i, i..~j~_"'-- _~.~ ,. , ~i"_.'.r .- - - _ . ,_ . . -_ _ ___ J -""'---'~- --. . ,=-92.T -I _=4,-41. ,u--.~ I -3.;----1':-' -.1 ,_'_ ;,_' - _ ; J: ¬ ,,-I_.~_h;-_<"'7; a , >L 1 .»{.§_r1': - tn on Q Im n "_0 "-"-:'- .1 "' 11-. falnnn .._.__ 'UNHEhsfNH$92 n' mglgsyquun or cast l Hrs. V101; Liuzzo, civil rights worker oi Detroit, Michigan, was shot and killed on the night of 3-25-65 in Lowndos County, Alabama. She had participated in the larch . that day from Selma to Montgomery end ens engaged in trenc- porting marchers back to Selma it time oi her death. On ' ; basis of information furnished by Bureau informant Gary I Thomas Rowe, three subjects were identified ind arrested On ' Federal Civil Rights charges Title 18, Section 241!.- vithin twenty-four hours of the shooting. . QROSECUTIVE ACTIQN ' '* * 0ne ofithe subjects, Collie Leroy Iilkins, was tried twice in state court and his second_trin1 ended in acquittal. The three subjects were tried in-U. 8. District Court on the Civil Rights charges and were found guilty by jury on 12-3-65. Each was sentenced to ten years and released on $10,000 bond pending appeal. One subject, _ ;Iilli¢? Eaton,-suffered I henr'nttack 3-9-66, and died. I-qF_ l ilgiv or A1 l'ELLAN'1 S l3l.lIél-11" u: M '/'7 '2 " *1" I ' 35 C-92kf gr * Ipi>eoninte*1aTi'e1' was tiled s-20-681 JIL I-év '0! Bu£:lle Enclosure 44-zseox - one copy oi Arpellnnts Brio! """" -*-* ?""""' . _ J/92 _ JJB:cr, 8! f.;_; . "'l I .' - __ v . L. I A. 56JU|..Z'.- 1955 °"""" - =*"1A1ricu1n»-_ e'. - --s ---» 92 ~--- 7- "-'-"" "~""*""" _ "" "'"' """" ' ""' ' 1F... '1- -n. - a- e U .,. . D I ' 0 92" " a ,. ., ,- M -q " ' ' t Icm vzndum to Hr. Dcbonvh -* RE: l.UllI-INF. TIIONAS . _ the Brief determined the appeal is based on issues of ~~- lee and trial procedures. The Appellant set ierth pert or testimony of fourteen Special Agents of the FBI as reflected in the trial record. Ho allegations or criticinla were made about the FBI or its employees. The Appellant 11raises nine points in the Argument. hone of the points concern wording of the indictment and/or the Gehrch Iarrant prepared by the U. 8. Attorney and/or Departmental 1Attorney. - Point number IV alleges that e shetgeh ens ammunition seized on 3-26-65 at subject Thomas hone- were obtained by an illegal search and seizure. However, the Special Agents obtained the teapon purBhnnf'1o"92*¢"* ** search warrant issued by the U. S. Commissioner on sane duringdate. The thetrial. evidence 'seized ins admitted into the record _ Appellant contends that the search warrint " |describing the property as "guns, rifles, pistols, ammunition and vnrious and sundry weapons" connected with "the _ shooting of Viola Liuzzo" was invalid because ! the Shooting was a state crime and no Federal offense was shc n uu the face of the warrant, ! the items to he seized were evidence, end ! the items seized eere not particularized. Copies or the Brie! have been served on Assistant Attorney General John Dear of the Civilk ightn ivision and no dissemination is required by the Bureau. ACTION: ' -a|-1- .-1-i. V - This appeal is being iolloned by the He! Orleans Office and you I111 be kept advised. - F1f'| I A 1:] I : _- -_,.. - , . - 92 r '-1 ' I -.'-..-";I-H, - I - -1 - .. _ ..,....r_....___;i,._,./- __ - .4 . _ f ,- - '_ - _4 '-a ... =. _ I _ .. .-.. _ ,:..i.,.._.. . ..¢_92 _ -. t , '| ._. I . I ' "- . ' 1 _ .. . - ._ I , . . .,=. __. . , .. 92 <»t ._ ._'Q _ ur . _ - . ' - - ._ _,, '- _--" M i92'" .. - - - . _.92 _._, _.__,. ,_-" ---"92' _ _-3 2."-Q-Li, ,_ , fa .,-.. - .__ -a._--92 N7 92,92 _,,_.. ..-'_ 92 0 T »_ _ 1 -92 ix-*6 E---uni Ill. VOLIBN - --_i. OFFNZE OF DIRECTOR . t.- IAR. QILOICH -1.- FEDERAL. IUREAU OF INVESTIGITIOH IR-tllbl-II -- - UNITED ITITII DEF-IIRTIIENT OF JUSTICE -- -1n - ult. Ckwll __._...... _ ._June 27, 1966 an. :au.|.mm -.__. HI. CUIIIQD i-@--- The attached copy 01: the Brief for ua. FI Appellants in the Collie 1-.-erov Wilkms14;-92. out and E11gen_i2'ffI homas, versus tinited ".t.:. 1...»! :1 __, / States of America cas was sent to - *- HI. Ill-Ll ,.__ 'an. YIVIL |_....~. . . ». -»-. --~>~- V. .-- the Director £1-om F.re%B1anton, ' um. TROTTII Suite 1627, 2121 Building, QR. JOIII -I-i -92--Q-_ Birmingham, Alabama. _ Yg|,[_ I901; --- i..,__ IMSI HOLIII --i ..__ K "attorney Fred Blanton, for the Jr !PP&1.1ants. was one of the "lll l. _..II'..'§'I..;";f-'-:1-I -Z MITCIL F ---|_ ' Numerous reierences are made to FBI and Bureali '92 personnel throughout the Brief - }} I111] ,5, p 1 _ ¢4 | .4 mange ' , 111-.-_-- - -7' _ :_7 7 - __ _,~*'r ,_ *7 EX-1.03 '-_ - mt]! 2 --' I 75- , """' ,7/Z__ /7 ./_, t _- _ _ ""-4.," V no JUL ldm A '.]_e. e" - uni 5""- i 1 7» '7 ik L _ _ - V;-_-.... -razft-.._ .2 ' ' A ' r 92 __ _ .__.. .-.1-- ~- s " smut 25 1%; » .> 92'w " .7 ____, _ _ e ._ ...... _ fit. ..ie . _v£-* i' -5|; -Y- . .!'.'.._' |--_-'3-AI '- -1- L. .LI':'..-~J -5 ; 9. ~ Q--. 92 I " '-'~* - - ~--- -~ -----~----»--'-v-- --- - -- -.~ j , :-_--_. - ~ , +3; _ - _:+;~_, _'qr':;--||qp|mr_ :~,_ .-.. --92 - --If _' ..-->7.-.~.-rqw -4-...... __».¢.¢--., _-u-5.-..=.,.._-_-§ "n » .' ._ ._ -- -- . ,-.-,..- ;.'.'-.' '|'Il-I |'l9PlI .. ¢.-II Q _ " FRED BLANTON LAW OFFICE-I lax!- tn-ru Fl-DQR IIII IUILOIIIIO 3 EIIIITIII lVIN92! QT TWENTY-Qiii WT. ilk -IIMINGHAII. LLAIAHA - IOU I 5 » 92 - 92 A . v-L,._ ; 5 ' . .5*. . . . - ' J u " . I _ _ g - .,. .*':"-"'"- ..-" - nil!!!" ' ! : "'- , - 4- -, >- { .-._,_ ~.- - .. _ , ...... ,__._____, ' , . . - . 92 5:311.-nsunr-; % eEn: ,_I -nu. __¢r * _ I Q - .- _,_____°7- - _ 7 ' 7 * *7 W 7 _- III -I1- 92 f-"-*':.r~*-»---<-¢ P .- "3? -»é ._-- ~==.--.1-'1 .-q_¢v'.'-I---w-_ -.-.1-i, ._.ré",:=."..':; .._.._" 1.4»-'._f'.§|.L'wé _.__ .é -1-u-;.__ ' uv A5 A-H__._.-_---;,~92;-qu-A H - _ ¥_ _ _