Viola Liuzzo Part 16 of 17

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Viola Liuzzo Part 16 of 17 _&#39;_-__-__. _1,. r_ . _ V. __-, &#39; -_- , .7 _- I-,..1_.92&#39;_.,&#39;-,-1_:_.-.-.__,. ._, .._ ..3____._r;_______ ., .- -_ ,_,___ . E &#39;_ _ A. _v._ ,- __ . -_ __ 1--4-----=-1 ._ 1&#39; . I .. =-&#39; &#39;1-_--~"-1~-=92-_~.~.&#39; . ._ ., .@ . ".1_>.&#39;.&#39;.;-.;.-&#39;"-_;&#39;.:-_&#39;_&#39;;L;Il.&#39;1¬-i . 3; ;Y"§&#39;>;.": --&#39;--:"&#39;-&#39;-&#39;2;"- 1 &#39;- " "-&#39;. - -. - ~-,-. -&#39;.&#39;.1&#39; -":3-_*-- .-_ 1. -,--&#39;I&#39;;.~&#39;: ==.__-F"--z-f. - -&#39;_ -&#39;"-&#39;-.-&#39;-&#39;?;=1--T--.111;-921 ;._-&#39; - = - &#39;-: 1; .1-&#39;5-__;,;&#39;>&#39;3-.3-".~3P}1-$5.-:1I-I-&#39;=T;;;§.&#39;?i . 41-&#39;-= V E-i;;I1&#39;~¥&#39;-+-£5.-&#39; - _ ___ - &#39;;1~..-4.-q - _ _.:%._.-Q--_-:_..:-::1-L1-.=_=,¢.=_-...92;:._,-_-g.1;._-_-__ - .3----= I; -.&#39;..z, -, ~ -z ___-.&#39;_._--.._»|_n|-,_:.x1;.,-_-;L1_ -.=-1--=1 ..-&#39;-= ;-?-:_- &#39; 11-.-5. &#39;-&#39;-.&#39; ,-:_;&#39;- ;.*:_-= .-.-_-._ &#39;.v_ &#39;1. .-1&#39;-&#39;.1-.92 92 FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 11&#39; E? VIOLA LIUZZO MURDER I PART 13 OF 14 FILE NUMBER : 44-28601 . I-v ital lllli "_92 as J ll _O- X ll ..¢ lHHTEDSTATH92G092- _ xwmesrH@_q ---= as1-.» ¢ _ 1; e¢~ ,-$4 ,.&#39;,&#39;,_i:_:_ ;1**- ~ Memora aum &#39; t-~*-&#39;12 +111¢~*_::"r J: we . > - ; L TO _ Ir . lielnont &#39; &#39;&#39; amp .- 11 1 I&#39;ll-OM A.%oseni&#39;,x i, R 92 92 !r. x "l&#39; --..---_ SUB] ECT nvcnnn &#39;rnu-ms,31&#39; ,92~L,; Ir. f, l&#39;aIl&#39;~-_1 . .-.... December 27,_ on-r.p-1965 &#39;g§;:*"j ervxotn AL. - normsLluzzo, AKA.,9292 _ _ &#39; 1cv-VI ._..._,_ . &#39; IMF! 1- -"e crvn. RIGHTS _ Mr.e.-.»1=»-ms Rosen §:$*:j§j Hr.Halley -+ McGowan Mr.Hines A the shootingGary of Hrs. Liu no§§ourThomas o I35 advised ofin the informant thisDepartment&#39;scase involving desire that he testify be 1P0 tle House Committee on UH-Alerilnquie Activities. Rowe stated that hp did not desire under any if.-m -L circumstances to testify beiqr the Committee and in his &#39; &#39;" previous discussion with Dernr mental attorneys before the last Federal trial he had nPdv&#39;it very clear to them that he did not wish to testify at eny&#39;futuretrials or hearings He stated that insofar as testfiying is concernedhe felt he had iuifiiied his ohiigation to the Government and he feared iur his personal safety if he aere called upon to that testify further. - » Tr, Kimon Z achos, General, who requeste d that I » . regardinq testifying fjvecinl Assistant to the Attorn y} &#39; 12/27/65 that Rowe he beforewe determine Rowe&#39;s attitude e ~ Howe had stated that *1he Committee was advised on Citt. inches in d beencontacted as requested and_that N , not 30%? would or sho he does not desire to testify before th Oi his present lttit S advised that the matter of whether or Department, the Comm uld b~ subpoenaed to testify in spite 92 no iurtbor responsib udeittee was strictlynpdRowe, a matterthe and betweenBureau assun the s 1E;;:§&#39;t ilit 1. Rte 1aII I 92.- . ____&#39;_j". ~- *_ , 1 -w " . 0 1&#39;! &#39;*.¢§ I4.-9292~_ . 1- I I _ &#39;7 _ I.;._ n y-hf-&#39;_&#39;/ - . l 92 &#39; J 92 U J0 {Q &#39;i 4"=~.»"*=::=»~ -it » r corrr1&#39;"&#39;;..e, _ .. ovr-". _, 4 .1- A 3&#39; kn &#39; -Ir /i Q. &#39;- U it G3 0- 92 . I¢m0nandum to Mr. Belmont - ~ . -n - q -u an Bum-znn _ Tnonsis, mi 51...; I Q 1 &#39; _. H ACTION: _ - 1. Attached for approval Attorney General confirming the abo s a letter to the Hr. Zachus that Row does not wish - advice furnished to House Committee on §§-Amer1¢an Acti testify before th Bureau I111 no longe"accept respo "ities and that the ibility, either financially or securi wise for R e after December 81, 1965. ----ea-H - 7- -- -~-u.--..-~.-.i- -a__ ---------q..-....- l_-....v-we--~_=-_1-____:__ . .. _;~--.~4 . .77 ._...._-_..- -_= ;:~~,__..-.. 92 . &#39;_.- _._ _ 2- 1 -~ . &#39;;~ ~&#39;... .-.<---~ -=.&#39; &#39;e -. .7 . <..i-."&#39;-"M--. _m%%__;~* 1 &#39; _ &#39; %*" v****l3@%$3£§fmm%¥*¬F3@m%§§$;?w#@@%¬@*1-.- "C j- &#39;=*- -". .5. 1:1-I-a . -- &#39;-= "-~l-&#39;-.&#39;.~&#39;:-&#39;-.m_-I . "*»&#39;-&#39;~_ ~,-- *¬"- 1-?» L:.:: I51 &#39;- -I &#39; ~_F&#39;92 n i&%1fw??v»¢erawwahev%$?*ew$®ew§%%x§%¢Www%%*@%~u*&#39;I ,;4 13-: -__.__j_$w_ ~< _§~--H; .."92--_=-1&#39;.-*-._w<fp__, 3;,-_ _.-&#39;.;.!#~;._..; *-~15 .:..&#39;f,,- 4%,,-. f,_»;,»_-~,-;n.-..-.._-.,- V 1-~ -1::-=».:g-.;.=---r 1_:.z_92u; »" -7 ._~.-,&#39;! c-=_-1-"-z:-»:.-. I. _".»-,-¢-_i. -I I &#39;_~=__.-~&#39;-&#39;~-__-.&#39;§-- -wa ".*_-t 2: =&#39; 1. ,_ . = &#39; n _ ;TJ_i*v "_ 1;--;-;~-*.-&#39;-;tr*~.~:&#39;:-*- &#39;~:.-Y:*1??}?=i-??¬?¢i%%;"7§"5§é=-5*&:&#39; ..92w-*_3,ff -92.. .-._*&#39;< .-.- n -_-= _&#39;" _ ", " . - . _ _ r ,.. -q n, *3 ,_~+~_¢.§.§~;e§&#39;,§,.-.1;-»q _- .&#39;. 3.,-_ 92- - . --a_ *a_A-3&#39;91" : -- 1-.1&#39;._;~.-.1. -:.- 5 _ n-~--%_ 7 92 . %7-~fT&#39; Wt/&#39; c I &#39; 92. 92 - 92 p "7.Z- 1 Y ¢.&#39; - Q1 V &#39; fI _ "&#39; 6U it :§92 - &#39;1 " 0 &#39; - . P l V _ -. -- - "--qZ-._92., - - --=-§s i O . -.--.. - . - V » ~-q92v92~- -. -.3 . _&#39;_~i-. &#39; _ 92 e .-: &#39; . _ . 40&#39; - ;; . .___,_.._.._ --. - -. P_ . ...- c..- ..r_ ~._.__... &#39;1 . -4-., n. K -72 - - c »92 . I-.~T_._": V, A 3 _"" : _,.&#39;_ *7 %IUq_J&1>_ ""-5 QI~I_|- III fi*__{__&#39; -%I Z-r &#39;W I-1 &#39;_"&#39;$- _ " 5 -- ~- _ &#39; 7 &#39; &#39;-&#39; R &#39; - &#39; ~ ~&#39;- "-. 4" "3 - -.-"1 :,,&#39;-"I&#39;.92¢-"&#39; one-*qwh92 qq+ . 1-: T130 ttOI&#39;lmy C;,;:31-31 I -- in ,_ _ D11 CIOI, PSI é &#39; gf -0 _ December 2?, 1:365 - o . _ J 4.-1,. ,,_ _ _k I III-I-. _.. fr _&#39; i . 1 Hr. Z; IE ?I:";1, g 5 ; in ._ i &#39;I-Kr.Be e - - X LIUJJ3,.JL", . , 1 Rt &#39;3. - vzcszus _ ,V1 Hr. JP 12:. 1. cy - .".;L RICIS 92 _ ~ Hr. McGowan .., 92 &#39;1 -A - llr. Hines Ri "E" P °- g _:.:&#39;;;iE_&#39;u1!¢1 &#39;---°-*1 "-uh con§1rm_t710 HF» K-921S&#39;n Znchos, conversationof your Special Hr. J. ;&#39;.:=:.:-istantD1111... an ..2¥:.r..._r ,92.V._. --7, I, 19.,-5, pq wherein Ln. &#39; Zachns was advised ts:-at . :&#39;."&#39;;&#39; .15..-rs R0110 h..d been srmtactod and stated that he ¢:1;_ no:-T!-8.. to towt v -. -o --1 are 92&#39;Ir.r&#39;.m1 n U - | &#39; : 3 3;-J- &#39; " " -92""92 "&#39; __ "--pr &#39;- 0 I.-~-1; 5- _"""-&#39;-~&#39;.-"F". .~- .i;--.92..5-:92~§-92&#39;*&#39;.;§.-.y_;;» 7-":&#39;i,§-.w_m_§=;-» . ,. _~. -".1 -_ V,-_-&#39; ,, _. _. ___ __v _&#39; _&#39;,.. _;_ . -.__-_»-@..:,92= _ .=_¢ _ _,- .__;_ _ .- : -_ -. .-.. _,,_V- ~~ . _ ..->3 .- I-Pl» - . 1&#39; -5;; , 92~ -»_q_~._~ ,-4,/9., &#39;l&#39;»-.&#39; ._.. &#39;;_~_. - &#39; _.-. _.-;;,_.__-,;y-~_w .., {I r.... .. .. ~. _. 1" _-__,-5.-."&#39;~ , ¢-- -1. ~ »_ ... T; A Z _"¢$J&#39;-1,, ~&#39;I .. A-&#39;.9&#39;*--1! __->.._- _; 4,. ,, ~- -1 _ 3 _.;_:_~, _¢1:;¢.,. .-&#39; -11,-; -a-,_f§~ &#39;-V_ -+- _ _-._- -, =¢. 1.1-, 3: -:f~=&#39;_--_ - &#39; *1 =1 - &#39; 4_&#39;_.._.*¢&#39;- -_ -&#39; . - <r;____H-7 _ ~ :_-&#39;,. = "&#39; ._§u.. -H 1". », .-,;,#_,.~; - 1:, I; - _ .»!l§="-7"-?*1-E-*;-.".==*r.=7?i92; .. __, ,.~~,!f, Fe 92-_,,_-4%. .-:&#39;¢_._|1. -.q J ,__-.i~..~.., - 5 -. 1 ,- -.- Q.-_--1 .-.- _-|_l .3 T, _-,-- -__ . _ --, 92;__, _,. A . "-. ,K.~_- -- :_ - _ ,_ *--1.1. 5 ,,__. - 7 __ _ &#39;- _ __=¢._&#39; ~ ,_~__V.__,. .- , _,-L-_;. --or ;..-92 ,." w_-¢?~.i- 3 "-~;~&#39;¢&#39;_ _ __ ___ ~ -.. __ vi 1 Z. _ I. --3."-",;.92-1-1,14%-1-&#39;.&#39; _,,&#39;_.:. -.A:>.,_. !.,_: ._. &#39;_ _ I _ _ &#39; V .- . 93 O /9 1-:-_.__ &#39;. ._ F Q Ll: Q: ~.:.. r- . .veI / _ -.- 92&#39; | 4..;_ - 1&#39;u.7_ _ &#39;_-:_nlJTE: 928!U:1&#39;°! - é _ 7-{T/-7/"&#39;&#39;- - &#39;1. .&#39;._ 410- . &#39;__ See nose to Belmont lemorandur; same date, .- 48"! .---_~-caption, Jimzvar. l92p_- -|_ --III lildn-an &#39;* _...__ - &#39;1. 1 ivy}- _,_i ._92-..... .; _ t L-92.-_7 &#39;. =*/"3 4!» ~ qr IR! --1-,...-. &#39; l ; . " -. - - -_ 0 1 1 In-n Id--an-..._ - ~ Q ---__. &#39;9r I-|c.HnQ_.._.. r/&#39; .. J inn--.._,. .o.,. -n,..__._ I-92n.||ouu1t|:..n1rr|;uu-|-D "&#39; 4 .-=1 - -4 - &#39; _ 9%- »""&#39;-:-"-!&#39;+.&#39;:.;-&#39; 1» &#39;--»-+-----1*-"&#39;i$;-&#39;.-II -:?;»-.=;&#39;~§;a=.¢-:=.- Y * _ j _ T P ,g"&#39; I_.__+ 1 -:.&#39;..&#39; yi #3; &#39;,&#39;_v ¢-&#39;-;.&#39;.&#39;.f._ -1;,-&#39;._,;_a&#39;_.: A-,,__ _-1*"-¢"~92~&#39; "v92¬.;&#39;?." - ...-1!; - _&#39;__,,_1 :.= .
Recommended publications
  • Birmingham, Ala
    BIRMINGHAM PUBLIC LIBRARY Department of Archives and Manuscripts Birmingham, Ala. Police Department Surveillance Files, 1947-1980 Background: These files were transferred to the Archives Department in 1990 from the custody of the Birmingham Police Department Vice Unit. The Birmingham Police Department compiled these files but it is not known if other units of the department had maintained the files previously or if this collection constitutes one distinct set of files or a combination of various earlier sets of files. Scope and Content: The Birmingham, Alabama Police Department Surveillance Files contain memoranda, correspondence, photographs, newspaper clippings, interviews, and other material relating to a variety of individuals, organizations, and events. Individuals and organizations represented in the files include civil rights activists, white supremacists, anti-war protestors, and individuals involved in criminal activities. Events represented in the files include Birmingham area bombings and protests. The files are arranged alphabetically under the subject headings assigned by the Birmingham Police Department. In some cases material relating to an event or individual will be contained in different files under different headings. For this reason the researcher is advised to scan the entire guide to the collection. Subject Areas: Bombing investigation – Alabama – Birmingham. Bombings – Alabama – Birmingham. Civil rights movements – Alabama – Birmingham. Civil rights workers – Alabama – Birmingham. Crime – Alabama – Birmingham. Ku Klux Klan (1915- ) – Alabama – Birmingham. White supremacy movements – Alabama – Birmingham. Size: 14 reels microfilm Source: Birmingham, Ala. Police Department Restrictions: Standard preservation and copyright restrictions. Access restricted to microfilm copy (except photographs and audio tapes). Guide Prepared by: Caryl Johnston, Gigi Gowdy, and Jim Baggett File Number: Description: Microfilm Reel One 1125.1.1 A.A.C.D.
    [Show full text]
  • IN SULLIVAN's SHADOW: the USE and ABUSE of LIBEL LAW DURING the CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT a Dissertation Presented to the Facult
    IN SULLIVAN’S SHADOW: THE USE AND ABUSE OF LIBEL LAW DURING THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT A Dissertation presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School at the University of Missouri In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy by AIMEE EDMONDSON Dr. Earnest L. Perry Jr., Dissertation Supervisor DECEMBER 2008 The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the dissertation entitled: IN SULLIVAN’S SHADOW: THE USE AND ABUSE OF LIBEL LAW DURING THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT presented by Aimee Edmondson, a candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. ________________________________ Associate Professor Earnest L. Perry Jr. ________________________________ Professor Richard C. Reuben ________________________________ Associate Professor Carol Anderson ________________________________ Associate Professor Charles N. Davis ________________________________ Assistant Professor Yong Volz In loving memory of my father, Ned Edmondson ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It would be impossible to thank everyone responsible for this work, but special thanks should go to Dr. Earnest L. Perry, Jr., who introduced me to a new world and helped me explore it. I could not have asked for a better mentor. I also must acknowledge Dr. Carol Anderson, whose enthusiasm for the work encouraged and inspired me. Her humor and insight made the journey much more fun and meaningful. Thanks also should be extended to Dr. Charles N. Davis, who helped guide me through my graduate program and make this work what it is. To Professor Richard C. Reuben, special thanks for adding tremendous wisdom to the project. Also, much appreciation to Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Title in Capital Letters
    ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF DELAY: THE SHIFTING ROLE OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT IN AFRICAN AMERICAN CIVIL RIGHTS by Leif Erik Johnson A Project Presented to The Faculty of Humboldt State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts In Education May, 2012 ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF DELAY: THE SHIFTING ROLE OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT IN AFRICAN AMERICAN CIVIL RIGHTS by Leif Erik Johnson Approved by the Master’s Project Committee: _______________________________________________________________________ Delores McBroome, Major Professor Date _______________________________________________________________________ Gayle Olson-Raymer, Committee Member Date _______________________________________________________________________ Tom Cook, Committee Member Date _______________________________________________________________________ Eric Van Duzer, Graduate Coordinator Date _______________________________________________________________________ Jena Burgess, Vice Provost Date ABSTRACT ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF DELAY: THE SHIFTING ROLE OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT IN AFRICAN AMERICAN CIVIL RIGHTS LEIF ERIK JOHNSON One of the most tragic and moving stories in American history is the prolonged quest to recognize the civil rights of African Americans. This story, of both shame and hope, is captured in this project and presented as a one hundred year struggle of national politics, state repression, and individual courage from the end of the Civil War to the passage of the Voting Rights Act in 1965. Students of history are familiar with
    [Show full text]
  • COINTELPRO: the Untold American Story
    COINTELPRO: The Untold American Story By Paul Wolf with contributions from Robert Boyle, Bob Brown, Tom Burghardt, Noam Chomsky, Ward Churchill, Kathleen Cleaver, Bruce Ellison, Cynthia McKinney, Nkechi Taifa, Laura Whitehorn, Nicholas Wilson, and Howard Zinn. Presented to U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights Mary Robinson at the World Conference Against Racism in Durban, South Africa by the members of the Congressional Black Caucus attending the conference: Donna Christianson, John Conyers, Eddie Bernice Johnson, Barbara Lee, Sheila Jackson Lee, Cynthia McKinney, and Diane Watson, September 1, 2001. Table of Contents Overview Victimization COINTELPRO Techniques Murder and Assassination Agents Provocateurs The Ku Klux Klan The Secret Army Organization Snitch Jacketing The Subversion of the Press Political Prisoners Leonard Peltier Mumia Abu Jamal Geronimo ji Jaga Pratt Dhoruba Bin Wahad Marshall Eddie Conway Justice Hangs in the Balance Appendix: The Legacy of COINTELPRO CISPES The Judi Bari Bombing Bibliography Overview We're here to talk about the FBI and U.S. democracy because here we have this peculiar situation that we live in a democratic country - everybody knows that, everybody says it, it's repeated, it's dinned into our ears a thousand times, you grow up, you pledge allegiance, you salute the flag, you hail democracy, you look at the totalitarian states, you read the history of tyrannies, and here is the beacon light of democracy. And, of course, there's some truth to that. There are things you can do in the United States that you can't do many other places without being put in jail. But the United States is a very complex system.
    [Show full text]
  • We're Going Too!
    “We’re Going Too!” The Children of the Birmingham Civil Rights Movement DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Gisell Jeter-Bennett, M.A. Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2016 Dissertation Committee: Hasan Kwame Jeffries, Advisor Lilia Fernández Judy Wu Copyright by Gisell Jeter-Bennett 2016 Abstract In 1963, the Birmingham, Alabama civil rights movement brought both national and international attention to the plight of southern African Americans. The Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights (ACMHR), in partnership with the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), utilized nonviolent direct action – marches, sit- ins, jail-ins, and boycotts- to challenge Birmingham’s discriminatory laws and practices. The success of the Birmingham campaign was due in large part to the participation and personal sacrifice of black schoolchildren. This dissertation examines the local Birmingham movement from the perspective of its most indispensible participants, black youth. It explores what it meant to be a black child coming of age under Jim Crow. It analyzes the recruitment, participation, and impact of Birmingham black youth in the Children’s March, a weeklong protest from May 2 to May 7, 1963, during which over 2,000 children between ages six and eighteen marched through Birmingham’s streets in nonviolent protest against racial inequality. It also looks anew at the bombing of the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church on September 15, 1963, which led to the deaths of four black school-aged girls, and the subsequent killing of two black boys.
    [Show full text]
  • Liuzzo V. United States
    THE FBI, THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE and GARY THOMAS ROWE, JR. JULY 1979 Task Force Report On Gary Thomas Rowe, Jr. i l Ralph Hornblower, III Donald R. Burkhalter I John R. Fleder William M. Logan Marydale Drury, Researcher Office of Professional Responsibility Off ice of the Attorney General United States Department of Justice \ \ \ \ TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Mission of the Task Force 1 II. Summary of Findings 4 III. Historical Background 17 IV. Rowe Becomes an Informant 30 v. Incident at the Trailways Bus Station - 48 May 14, 1961 VI. May 1961 - June 1963 65 VII. Rowe and the Birmingham Bombings and the Shooting 74 of an Unidentified Black Man in 1963 A. The Bombings 74 B. The Shooting of an Unidentified Black 97 Man VIII. January 1964 - March 24, 1965 105 IX. Rowe and Eastview 13 Informant "Huey Lipscomb" 133 x. The Killing of Viola Liuzzo 147 A. Undisputed Facts 147 B. Accounts of Gary Thomas Rowe 161 C. Accounts of Eugene Thomas 187 and Collie Leroy Wilkins D. Account of Leroy Moton 214 E. Account of Lavaughn Coleman 222 F. The Federal Grand Jury 224 G. Physical Evidence 228 XI. The Prosecution of United States v. Eaton, et al. 238 A. What Civil Rights Division Attorneys 238 Knew About Rowe From the FBI B. What the FBI and the Civil Rights 246 Division Knew About Rowe's Apparently Untrue Statements '\ c. Wh~the Department and the FBI Never 253 Suspecte.d Rowe in the Liuzzo Killing - i - j XII. Gary Thomas Rowe - The Aftermath 257 Appendix I.
    [Show full text]
  • What Can and Can't Be Said
    What Can and Can’t Be Said This page intentionally left blank What Can and Can’t Be Said RACE, UPLIFT, AND MONUMENT BUILDING IN THE { CONTEMPORARY SOUTH Dell Upton NEW HAVEN AND LONDON Copyright © 2015 by Dell Upton. All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the US Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publishers. Yale University Press books may be purchased in quantity for educational, business, or promotional use. For information, please e- mail sales. [email protected] (US offi ce) or [email protected] (UK offi ce). Set in The Serif B2 and The Sans Roman type by IDS Infotech, Ltd. Printed in the United States of America. Library of Congress Control Number: 2015945014 ISBN 978- 0- 300- 21175- 7 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. This paper meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48–1992 (Permanence of Paper). 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 {CONTENTS Preface vii Acknowledgments ix Introduction: What Can and Can’t Be Said 1 1 Dual Heritage 25 2 Accentuate the Positive 66 3 A Stern- Faced, Twenty- Eight- Foot- Tall Black Man 96 4 A Place of Revolution and Reconciliation 134 5 What Can and Can’t Be Said: Beyond Civil Rights 172 6 What Might Be Said 200 Appendix: Caroline County, Virginia, Multicultural Monument Inscriptions 213 List of Abbreviations 217 Notes 219 Index 255 This page intentionally left blank {PREFACE Images of the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s made deep impressions on me when I was growing up in New York State.
    [Show full text]
  • Viola Liuzzo Papers 15.25 Linear Feet 1953-1998 (Bulk, 1965-1983)
    Viola Liuzzo Papers 15.25 linear feet 1953-1998 (bulk, 1965-1983) Walter P. Reuther Library, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI Finding aid revised by Alexandra Orchard on July 30, 2015. Finding aid written by Eric Fritzler on July 16, 2008. Accession Number: UP001745 Creator: Viola Liuzzo Acquisition: The papers associated with Viola Liuzzo and the courtroom proceedings of Viola Liuzzo, et al. v. the United States were placed in the Archives of Labor and Urban Affairs by Anthony Liuzzo, Jr. in October 1999 and opened for research in July of 2008. Custodial History: Twelve telegrams from Box 3, folder 10, and the entire contents of Box 3, folder 31 were returned to the family. The originals were replaced with photocopies in the collection. Copies: Portions of the collection have been digitized and are available as PDFs or TIFs in the Reuther Library’s digital repository. Photocopies of the originals have been placed within the collection. Language: Material entirely in English. Access: Papers are open for research. Use: Refer to the Walter P. Reuther Library Rules for Use of Archival Materials. Restrictions: Researchers may encounter records of a sensitive nature – personnel files, case records and those involving investigations, legal and other private matters. Privacy laws and restrictions imposed by the Library prohibit the use of names and other personal information which might identify an individual, except with written permission from the Director and/or the donor. Related Material: Several photographs, VHS videotapes, and audio recordings were transferred to the Reuther’s Audiovisual Department. 1 History Viola Liuzzo was born April 11, 1925 in California, Pennsylvania and for much of her early life moved around the Southern United States.
    [Show full text]
  • ·Cointelpro: Psychological Warfare and Magnum Justice
    ·coINTELPRO: Psychological Warfare and Magnum Justice '-' 0� 0 0 Q COUNTBRSpy The Quarterly Journal of lhe OrganizingCommittee for a Flflh Estate From Our Readers hould the practice S of Spydom become universal, Your magazine is fantastic!!! I'm so Congratulations on your latest. The We need more .1incere and hone.st farewell to all impressed! Keep up the fabulous work. new CounterSpy is much improved in people as are the authors of Coun­ domestic confidence and happiness. J.1. appearance, readability, and every terSpy articles. The letter to the Editor The London Times California other way. Feel proud of what you've signed Anonymous (in the Winter 1976 Christmas 1859 done, and keep up the good work. issue) claiming to be a Viet Nam and Robert Friedman World War II Veteran prove,1 to be a Vol. 2, Issue 4 of CounterSpy is out­ New York, N.Y. letter concocted by sick twisted Nazi­ standing. It's hard to put down in words type minds. My husband is a decorated 2 Comment: The Government War Against the Third World how this helps to raise morale. Just World War II Veteran and he praise.1 Vol. 3, lame 1 Spring 1976 Elaine Brown, Black Panther Party / Jimmie Durham, Indian Treaty knowing that people like you are right in CounterSpy for publishing with great I just received your latest issue of Council / Juan Mari Bras, Puerto Rican Socialist Party / Maria Serna. the middle of the action against the courage, facts that we, the taxpayers, system makes us want to fightharder CounterSpy. You're continuing to do a Crusade for Justice/ Phil Ochs fantastic job.
    [Show full text]
  • The Representation of the Ku Klux Klan in Mainstream American Cinema (1988-2016)
    The Representation of the Ku Klux Klan in Mainstream American Cinema (1988-2016) Thesis Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Leicester by Philip Wintle MA, AFHEA Department of History of Art and Film University of Leicester September 2019 Phil Wintle The Representation of the Ku Klux Klan in Mainstream American Cinema (1988- 2016) The Ku Klux Klan are America’s most notorious terrorist organisation. In the 1920s membership to the Klan numbered several million, partly resulting from the success of The Birth of a Nation (1915). In this period of Klan popularity, Hollywood utilised their iconography for box office success. In the contemporary age Klan membership has diminished, yet the Klan image continues to be regularly depicted in American film. My research assesses the function of the Klan in contemporary cinema, looking at their representation between 1988 and 2016 to explain the longevity of their depiction in a period of social irrelevance. The shifting representation of the Klan offers a unique case study in demonstrating the changing attitudes Hollywood has to race and racism. In this thesis, I argue that the Klan have been used in films to paradoxically downplay issues of racism. In the 1980s and 1990s, the Klan were presented as a white ‘Other’ to whom racism is isolated. This ‘Othering’ drives melodramatic narratives of white conflict in films such as Mississippi Burning (1988) and A Time to Kill (1996). The melodramatic simplicity of the Klan image is later accentuated in comedy films between 1999 and 2013. The comedic depiction of the Klan has often been ignored in existing literature on the Klan’s representation in film; this is a significant oversight, as comedy has kept the Klan image within public consciousness during this period.
    [Show full text]
  • The Incongruous Intersection of the Black Panther Party and the Ku Klux Klan
    The Incongruous Intersection of the Black Panther Party and the Ku Klux Klan Angela A. Allen-Bell CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................................................................... 1157 I. JUXTAPOSITION OF THE KKK & THE BPP ...................................... 1160 A. Formation & Geographical Presence ........................................ 1160 B. Mission & Objectives ................................................................. 1169 C. Group Identity ............................................................................ 1172 D. Fulfillment of Organizational Goals .......................................... 1174 E. Law, the Legal Process & Law Enforcement ............................. 1179 F. Public Appeal ............................................................................ 1188 II. ASSESSMENT................................................................................... 1192 CONCLUSION ....................................................................................... 1195 INTRODUCTION When, in 2015, a Louisiana prison warden publically likened the Black Panther Party to the Ku Klux Klan, I was stunned.1 The differ- Associate Professor of Legal Writing & Analysis, Southern University Law Center; J.D., Southern University Law Center, 1998. The author is quite honored to have been afforded this forum to ex- plore this topic, which the author believes has the potential to lend to tremendous social and restora- tive justice advances, as well as one that could enhance cultural competency
    [Show full text]
  • Terrorism and the Response to Terrorism in New York City During the Long Sixties
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 6-2017 Terrorism and the Response to Terrorism in New York City During the Long Sixties David C. Viola Jr. The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/1956 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] TERRORISM AND THE RESPONSE TO TERRORISM IN NEW YORK CITY DURING THE LONG SIXTIES BY DAVID C. VIOLA, JR. A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2017 i © 2014 DAVID C. VIOLA, JR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii Terrorism and the Response to Terrorism in New York City During the Long Sixties by David C. Viola, Jr. This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in History in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy _________________ ____________________________________________ Date Chair of Examining Committee Joshua B. Freeman, Distinguished Professor of History, Queens College and The Graduate Center, CUNY _________________ ____________________________________________ Date Andrew Robertson, Professor of History and Executive Officer, PhD Program in History, The Graduate Center, CUNY SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE Joshua B. Freeman, Queens College and The Graduate Center, CUNY Beverly Gage, Yale University Thomas Kessner, The Graduate Center, CUNY David Nasaw, The Graduate Center, CUNY THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii ABSTRACT TERRORISM AND THE RESPONSE TO TERRORISM IN NEW YORK CITY DURING THE LONG SIXTIES By David C.
    [Show full text]