·coINTELPRO: Psychological Warfare and Magnum Justice
'-' 0� 0 0 Q COUNTBRSpy
The Quarterly Journal of lhe OrganizingCommittee for a Flflh Estate From Our Readers hould the practice S of Spydom become universal, Your magazine is fantastic!!! I'm so Congratulations on your latest. The We need more .1incere and hone.st farewell to all impressed! Keep up the fabulous work. new CounterSpy is much improved in people as are the authors of Coun domestic confidence and happiness. J.1. appearance, readability, and every terSpy articles. The letter to the Editor The London Times California other way. Feel proud of what you've signed Anonymous (in the Winter 1976 Christmas 1859 done, and keep up the good work. issue) claiming to be a Viet Nam and Robert Friedman World War II Veteran prove,1 to be a Vol. 2, Issue 4 of CounterSpy is out New York, N.Y. letter concocted by sick twisted Nazi standing. It's hard to put down in words type minds. My husband is a decorated 2 Comment: The Government War Against the Third World how this helps to raise morale. Just World War II Veteran and he praise.1 Vol. 3, lame 1 Spring 1976 Elaine Brown, Black Panther Party / Jimmie Durham, Indian Treaty knowing that people like you are right in CounterSpy for publishing with great I just received your latest issue of Council / Juan Mari Bras, Puerto Rican Socialist Party / Maria Serna. the middle of the action against the courage, facts that we, the taxpayers, system makes us want to fightharder CounterSpy. You're continuing to do a Crusade for Justice/ Phil Ochs fantastic job. have a right to know. I don't need their against injustice. nazi brand of fascism! I am 51 and I 1 think one of our main goals should One thing I would like to mention, 11 Trends: for the record. Your list of alleged CIA say "Abolish the CIA!" We don't need be to really know and love each other them and the taxpayers cannot afford More Recruits for CIA / Labor Spies, Inc./ Stump Colby/ as friendsand to always struggle against people taken from the Lo.st Po&t is inaccurate. First of all, the Station them. 1s· Books: all forms of injustice- sexism, racism The FBI: Past, Present ... and Future Chief Oeavland C. Cram (one "m") as D. Tank -etc. Sheboygan, WI The one thing that irks me is that I'm revealed by our C.B.C. program "The Fifth Estate," broadcast on January 9, 16 Congressional Aide Spies on Left 56 years old and probably won't live to Your efforts are to be commended Exclusive analysis exposing right-wing files maintained on the Left since see the big changes that are coming - 1974 (starring Bart, Victor, Braden, Winslow and others). Others published highly!! Congratulations.Do persevere, 1%9 - a domestic operation to rival the FBI. but you never know. do continue the struggle! I enclose a Viva la Revolucion! in your list are two FBI liaison officers (Marion is the FBI chief in Ottawa), an copy of the Wisconsin Assassination J. Robinett Information Bureau's newsletter, the Tucson, AZ IRS guy, a DEA guy and a real State Department guy. I think you ought to Monitor. Is is essentially a collective \ check these things out from your end effort that, money allowing, would INFORMATION The only thing wrong with your pub before publishing names of "CIA in indeed be a monthly effort.It is not for lication is that it doesn't come out often Canada" which are less than accurate. lack of material that we've not published DIGEST enough.If we can help you in any way Keep up the good work. since mid-February. W. Romberg we would be pleased to do so. James R. Dubro Editorial Board Ontario, Canada Milwaukee, WI ,� R. Auler Julie Brooks \\ 0kauchee, WI Tim Butz (Theprusibility of publishing Counter I just learnedabout your work from F.daGordon Spy bi-monthly is under consideration. As a student of American political the March issue of ''The Progressive". Harvey Kahn -Ed.) assassinations, it has become increasing Please send me your quarterly journal Winslow Peck ly clear to me that our intelligence agen beginning with the January 1976 issue. I am a typesetterby profession, how Ellen Ray cies have reacheda stage in power that Margaret Van Houten I hopeyou are having fun killing off threatens the very premise on which this ever, I am very much interested in poli• american security agents and in country was founded. tics, domestic as well as international. telligence officers. But just remember I believe that it is every American's Being 55 years old, I know the history of country very well, and I am certain It. my what happens to traitors in this nation, duty to becomefully aware of the activi 24 COINTELPRO: Psychol glcal Warfare and Magnum Justice retribution will come somday. I don't ties of these agencies, and to demand not that I can learn a lot from your publica � tion and profitby it. And so I think it a think the First Amendment to Our only an investigation into these activities, 32 Women's Liberation -A Subvenlve Act? Nations Constitution covers acts of but also a re•evaluation of these agen must reading to learnwhat is going on , in your country and the ten lades which traitorh m and accomplice to murder. cie�· role� in our society �o Lhat they can CounlerSpy sends specialthanks to: 34 FACFI: U.S. Pushes National ID Card Yes gentlemen murder, because you are be rebuilt into serving a properrole in extend across the Atlantic to Europe, Philip Agee, O.ip Berle!, Tami Broadhead, and here especially to West Germany!!! wholly and completely responsible for our society. Minton Brooks, Christicn, Michael Droben 36 TIP: Terrorist InformationProject death of C.l.A. Agent Richard F.Jaeger the I believe that the majority of the people are, Alaine Davnie, Carol Bernstein Ferry, Blacklash to Indian Sovereignty Welch. l have written both to the in this country do not fullyrealize the West Germany W.H. Ferry, Robert Friedman, Mark Hosen ball, Dana Johnson, Phil Kelley, LNS, Fred President and Secretary of State and extent of the dangers involved in al 38 CIA Around the World complained loudly about your lowing these agencies free reign of We encouraaereaden to write lo erick Laurant, Carl Michael, Rita Maran, Oair Norden. Heinz Norden, Doug Porter, More CIA in Africa, Germany and England/ ELP: CIA Mercenaries traitorous little Rag. I pray the FBI power.And I sincerely hopethat a CounterSpy aboutthe magazine, the Angela Seb:as, Jack L Schwartz, Source Prepare to Invade Portugal / Aparthied's Corporate Covert Action / shuts you modern Benedict Arnolds mandate from the people of this country. CIA, 1our localpolice, riaht-wln1 Collective 1Rohbytee Terry, Jim True, Bernie Silvermine: South Africa'sEspionage Hoax down. I fully support the CIA and will bring these agencic" under the acthlty, or any other iuua of the lntelll• Vorhaus, Hedy Vorhaus, and the Counter always will so jam your magazine up control to which they rightfully belong; gencecommunity. We appnclate your Spies of the Fifth F.statc.Typesetting by Uni 62 Keep on Keepln'On your ass sideways. the people. supportu wellu your crltlclllms.Write: com. Third World Support for Africa. Latin America, Chile, the Middle East, F. Astrip M. Bedford CounterSpy, Bo:s:6 471 BenFranklin Cover photo from Liberalion News Service. Cleveland, Ohio Austin, TX Station,Wuhlneton, D.C. 20044. SoutheastAsia and Native Americans Spring 1976, CounterSpy Flfth llttateAd•UG
Spring 1976, CounterSpy 3 2 CounterSpy,Spring 1976 any deaths of United Slaves' members? Why is ii that this sort into exile, Huey P. Newton's car was tampered with several of confrontation never took place between the P. Stone Nation times, his apartment was the subject of a phony robbery by as Indians own any land or natural resources. More and mor�. in AIM have been ezposed over the past three years. During and the Black Panther Party, even though letters were sent, or three Blacks with pistols that had silencers (which are difficult American industry and finance covet these resources, anxious the Wounded Kneetrials the FBI admitted to using more than to acquire them on their terms. National policy dictates, between the Panther Party and the Nation of Islam or SNCC? for "non-police" to acquire), a contract was put out on his life 20 people as informersaround Wounded Knee, All of this is through the Senate and House Interior Committees of Con The question can be logically answered. It was felt our Party by so-called Black businessmen, unknown assailants shot at just to harass and persecute an organization that is fighting gress, the Officeof Management and Budget, the White House legal rights was the most dangerous. The FBI sought, bought and paid for him several times, and finally, he was falsely charged with forthe of American Indians. itself, and the Department of the Interior, that the govern But that sort of harassment has come to be expected and willing Black agents to help in our destruction, as they master murder. It has not stopped. They will continue. ment be in a controlling position to make these Indian assets even accepted in the U.S., and it is small potatoes compared minded and contrived the raid and following assassinations of We who truly hunger for freedom must not be sidetracked. available to the white private sector on terms satisfactory to to the real barassment Indian people face - today, in 1976, Fred Hampton and Mark Clark. Millions and millions of Blacks have died in this country at the the whites. Under such conditions, fraudulent governments last year, and every year of our history with the U.S. govern Let us look at the Eldridge Cleaver business for a minute. I hands of various forms of oppression; millions of people have like that of Wilson at Pine Ridge must be sustained as willing ment. was part of what was purported to be a Progressive American no means of support, no place to live, no food to eat. The accomplices of the U.S. government and the whites, even if The Pine Ridge Reservation, where Wounded Knee village Delegation to Korea, which had been put together by Oeaver government program to m'aintain these oppressive, murde ous � . only to lease out Indian-owned grazing land to South Dakota is located, has a population of about 12,000. During the in J'J70. At the end of three months. after visiting not only conditions is far larger than COINTELPRO or other acttv1ty white ranchers at criminally low rates that cheat and defraud WoundedKnee liberation/occupation, there were never more Korea, but Oiina, Vietnam, Moscow and Algeria, Eldridge bent on destruction of one organization. It is this larger pro the individual Indian owners. This situation, rampant at Pine than 360people inside the village at any one time. In the three aeaver had personally threatened my life because I would not gram of destruction we must halt; it is the architects of thU Ridge, reflects the wholesale exploitation of the Indian peoples, years since then, almost 400 Indian peoplehave been killed, agree on phony ideological points that the Party was a "break program we must stop. We must transform our lives, our which still keeps them oppressed, powerless,and in thC throes and many more have been beaten and/or jailed,for little or fast for children organization". According to Cleaver, there government, and our society completely and thoroughly, The of poverty. no reason. 'The FBI has maintained a continuous force there needed to be more killing, more arbitrary violence, the Party members of the Black Panther Party stand as ready today as "Nevertheless, aespite the terror and the efforts of the De of over 100 agents with tanks, helicopters and automatic wea was moving to the right, etc. There were no letters - as the ten years ago; serve the people through our various Survival partment of the Interior and the Department of Jus�ice, as well pons. They break into people'shouses with no warrants of any Church Committee purports t9 document - no misunder Programs today as ten years ago; live every day of our lives as of Congress, to ignore the dictatorship and killings at Pine kind, and they abuse them and harass them. The FBI is an in standings on the level of leadership. Cleaver simply would have today as ten years ago to overcome all obstacles to our total Ridge, and the continued suffering of the Sioux people under vasion force of killers, There are lawless even by the racist us go out to get killed for the purpose of media attention (while liberation by any means necessary. And we will lay down our an exploiting, colonialist government, the struggle goes on, standards of law of their government. he safely sat in Algeria). He had no other program and frankly, lives today as we have over these ten years to make these issues inspired by the examples of the Sioux patriots of the past who Since Wounded Knee, Russell Means, a leader of AIM, has it sounded piggish - violence without reason where we'd all ...,iear, for-we know when the people understand, when the fought and died for their people. The Sioux liberation move been shot 3 times, beaten and jailed many times,and has been get killed and he could describe to history the meaning of our masses of oppressed American people take up guns, then, in ment, composed of Sioux people of all ages, men and wome�, in constant trials on trumped-upcharges meant to keep him deaths. For three months we argued. I was to kill and get the words of Huey P. Newton," ...serious business will begin youths and elders, ho�y '!'en and m�ern-day warrio�, ts out of action by the government's own admission. Every other killed, or just get killed. Today, it's all out - the closet door to happen". Black Panther Party sustained by right and Justice. Blood bemg shed by the Sioux Indian leader in the country has the same history. Except opened: Cleaver denounces Cuba, China, African liberation Copyright May. 1976 patriots today will not be in vain. History and the future are those who have been killed outright, such as Richard Oakes, I struggles and joinshands -.ith Kissinger and Uncle Sam. All of on their side."• Pedro Bissonette, Buddy Lamont, Jimmy Little, Joe Stuntz, this because the FBI sent notes? It is my belief that Cleaver too Thatstatement was not written by a member of the Ameri Byron DeSersa,Anna Mae Aquash, and many others. I was as much a part of COINTELPRO then as now, as Karen can Indian Movement or any other group of people the FBI I could recount stories of atrocities page after page; police ga, as Roy Innis. calls "radicals". It was written by a well-respected author, assassinations, illegal imprisonment, torture, theft of land Why then, this new propaganda? Why this whitewashing of historian and editor of American Heritage magazine, Alvin and resources,etc. investigations, as we've seen in the past with Watergate, the Josephy, Jr. The National Council of Churches, the American It must be understood however, that the oppression coming Warren Commission, and others? The Black Panther Party " Friends Service Committee, and mar,y other organizations not down on our heads is not becausethe FBI and CIA are "out stands today as much of a threat as before. There was never Indian people are asked to normally stamped with ..leftist" or any such label, have peti of control" or "oveneachin2 their mandates". The government any question that the Black Panther Party, as one entity. could tioned the U.S. government to cease its persecution of Indian of this country and the multinational corporations that con survive confrontation with any police agency, much less many celebrate 200 years of murder people. trol it wantto killu, off. one way or another. That is not an agencies. (We even survived in Los Angeles in December 1969 Yet, the terror perpetrated by the BIA. F�I, CIA, Justice exaggeration. when we were attacked by 300 regular LAPD and SWAT ous oppression. It is a gross Department. and who-knows-what other ptecc of govern The lands that they have shoved us onto - the present reser• members). That idea was only intensified by the establishment insult.''· ment continues. Aren't we exaggerating or being rhetorical vations - were thought to be the barren, useless areas of the media: Panlhen versus pigs. Our task has been, and still is, to when we speak of U.S. government terror in 1976? TheAmeri country. As it turned out those lands are rich in oil, timber, spread the word, the good news as the old folks would say, that can people are taught that political repression and terror go coal, copper, uranium, gold, and other necessary resources. we can win over oppression and exploitation; that life in the Jimmie Durham on only in other countries, especialJy in the countries of the As long as Indian people insist on the right to be Indian, and to U.S. is not what life can and ought to be, but rather an ex ''enemy". control those lands and resources, we will have to fight those periencewhere the basic requirements forliving and breathing Indian TreatyCouncil Lookat what is going here. During the WoundedKnee trial companies that want to steal them -and forthat long the gov must be available to every person, and where peace and free of DennisBanks and RusseU Means early in 1974, I was work ernmentwill continue its policy of genocideagainst us. Someone recently asked me why there is such incredible dom will prevail; that ifwe unite all our forces, afterwe identify "The Department of Justice, through the FBI, has waged a ing out of the AIM National Office in St. Paul where the trial neglect of Indians in this country. My response is, "We would ourselves, we can put up the real battle to win, in the name of blind and ineffectivereign of terror against the Indians, on and was going on. The government's prosecuting attorney, in a moment of calculated caridor, let slip that there were two FBI humanity and human progress; that with our victory will come offthe Pine Ridge reservation, using every methodit employed welcome neglect." The government is not neJlllecting 1:1s. - agents inside the highest eschelons of AIM, and that we would a new day for people all over the world who suffer under the against the Black Panthen, ranging from wiretapping and more than 75 percent of all Indians suffer from malnutnhon. be very surprised if we knew who they were. Later, Doug More monster of U.S. imperialism. Then humankind can get on with frame-ups to ambushes and assassinations. Confronations than 75 percent of all Indians have no jobs. Average Durham, who had beenhead of AIM security and right hand annual income of an Indian family is less then $3,000. One the business of discovering our true and harmonious relation such as the occupation of the Wounded Knee vicinity in 1973, man to Dennis Banks at the time, was exposedas an FBI agent out of every three Indian infants die during the first month ship with the rest of nature. This is our message, this is the and other desperate attempts by the Indians to focus world provocateur. Once while Durham and I were in the office to afterbirth. The average life time of an Indian man is less than word we wish to spread, and will �pread with our very lives on attention on their grievances and plight, have been part of a gether he informedme that he was aboutto make a three-week 44 yean (compared to 67 years for the rest of the U.S.) etc., the line. And this is ,.-hat makes us dangerous. struggle in which the FBI and its instrument, the false govern trip to Guatemala and Costa Rica in his private plane, "to etc. Today Party members are regularly arrested for no good ment of Richard Wilson and his U.S. government-financed take some guys fishing".At that time I was doing international Such desperate and degrading conditions, in the world's cause: followed and watched by FBI agents (the FBI. I have storm troop units of "Goon Squads", continue to arrest, beat work, contacting Indian organizations in Latin America. richest country, obviously cannot come from "neglect". It is discovered, comes weekly to my apartment building to collect up, and murder many Sioux patriots. Later we learned that AIM was on the CIA's list of organiza genocide.It is part of the same government policy under which license numbers from the parking Jot manager of visitors' "At the root of this American government-supported vi0- tions to disrupt through operation CHAOS. I began to wonder we have sufferedsince the beginning of this country. cars); great discrepancies are occurring in our bank accounts lence and intimidation against the Sioux is an unspoken,but about Doug Durham's CIA connections. Many other people The U.S. was founded on the genocideof one people and the these days; our programs are being jeopardized by police very real, governmentdetermination not to lose control to the beganremembering odd things about Durham, and two AIM enslavement of another. U.S. imperialismbegan at that found harassment of participants and workers; and a few weeks ago Indians of the increasingly valuable Indian lands and natural members now in prison for an alleged murder have accused ing. IS or more police cars came to our National Headquarters resources, including water, mineral and timber rights. The him of framing them. Their story is believable. This year Ford and his gang intend to hold a "celebration" office in Oakland, Californiaat 3:00a.m. to serve a warrant on American government for a decade has spoken of 'giving' Of course, the entire incident of Durham's exposure, coupled of the Bicentennial in Philadelphia on the 4th of July. It is a a Party member for a failure to appear in court on a misde self-determination to the Indian tribes, but no meaningful step with the prosecutor's words, made each person in AIM suspi gross insult. Indian people are asked to celebrate 200 years of meanor solicitation charge in Sacramento. Before being forced has been taken in this direction, nor will it be taken as Jong cious of everyone else. In fact,many FBI informers and agents murderous oppression. But we are going to be in Philadelphia
4 CounterSpy, Spring 1976 Spring 1976, CounterSpy ?n July 4, to �emonstrate against our oppression and Ford's e1:plaining our position to North American congresspeople insult. We w1U be there along side Blacks, Puerto Ricans who came to San Juan to celebrate public hearings on the so affects Puerto Rico. But, in order to present all the alternatives Me1:icans and Chicanos, Philippinos, and oppressed whit� called "Compact of Permanent Union Between the United to our people, there must be a climate of true peace and equal " who have histories of oppression by the States and Puerto Rico." These were our words to them• opportunities. Oun is the revolutionary alternative. We pro Intelligence operations have h5������r �! !!:� "We are the only growing force in our country. The con pose, without any ambiguity, the necessity and possibility of . turned out to be a domestic None of them have ever benefitted from the government's tmued acts of harassment and persecution by the CIA FBI a radical transformation. We maintain that it is necessary for treatment of Indians. Their tax dollars go for bullets to kill _ the mtelligencedivision of the armedforces and the re�essi� the people to organize their forces in order to enforce their Indian people. They are as ripped offas we are. war ...,, agencies of the colonial regime towards us have been useless rights in the face of any attempt to stifle their collective will Only those large companies - only the rich - benefit from e persecutionunleashed by police agencies against the patri: when said will becomes fully realized. We will never give up our oppression. � otic ovement, the workers• movement and the student move theright to organize that force. MariaSema We ook back now to the first large deliberate massacre . � ! ment 1n Puerto Rico will continue to be useless." What we are willing to guarantee, on our part. is that the of l d1ans by white settlers; the murder of Metacom (King � "This homeland - the only one we have - will be free election campaign develop in a peaceful atmosphere this year Crusadefor Justice Phihp) and the Wampa ag people in 1676. We look at our � sovereign and indepe dent. Whatever the cost may be,you ca� as Jong as this is the commitment and practice of all parties peat vctory over Custer s army m 1876. In 1776 nothing of � The Crusade for Justice, since its founding by Rudolpho interest hap ned. A new government was formed which did rest assured that the independence of Puerto Rico is an inevit involved in lhe campaign. But for that to happen, it is neces P:C sary that we put an immediate end to the siege and aggression, "Corky" Gonzales in 1966, has provided much of the direc• not even consider us as fellow human being-5. able r�ality. We want peace, but we are not afraid of war. If It os tion and philosophv of the Olicano Movement. has used its es the price of peace means to resign ourselves to l e our home• the persecutionand conspiracy aimed against the Puerto Rican In 1976 we are fighting for our liv , land and liberty. The resources, energies. and innuence as a Chicano organization !•nd thr?ugh the imperialists' voracity, we are not interested SocialistParty, its leaden and memben. vemment oppresses us the more strong is our de- rs es to educate people on all oppressive issues, to politicize them, :-:::i�::i:; m that kind of peace." We propose that the leade of the colomal parti put all and to enlist them in a movement Struggle forhuman rights. In 2076 we will celebrate the freedom we will have won. The congresspeople present knew that with each and every their cards on the table. We invite our fraternal Puerto Rican •Uud w,'tl,,wnnUsionfronr tl,e Olllltor. word we spoke, that we fully understood their significance Independence Party to join us in demanding a complete clean In the process, political corruption and injustice have been exposed, and public figures and established officials and in and t� !ull responsibilityfor the conseque11ces. We were not up in the presentpolitical climate in the country. stitutions, particularly politicians, police and media, have speakm� m the name of one individual. This makes an enor In order to accomplish this, it is necessary that all the re mous dtfferen e. Our voice was raised on behalf o:f a great sponsible leadenhip in the countrymake a commitment, to the come under attack for their vicious, racist practices. Through � the Crusade newspaper, El Gallo, and other forms of protest movement which has reached historical proportions and has people of Puerto Rico, with respect to basic principles and (including taking over Oty Council meetings), police assault, been embodied in a great Party. measures to be taken. murder, and crime have been widely publicized and the police The key to everything lies in an objective fact which is the We must begin by demanding that the FBI and the CIA, involved have beennamed. premise of our warning: we are the only growing force in this etc. put an immediate stop to their anti-socialist and anti• Because of its progressive direction, the Crusade has built country. Imperialist fanaticism intends to break that premise independenceacts in Puerto Rico. . organized efforts throughout the country, particularly in the no matter what. They have spared no resources nor do they The terrorist bands of the right, organized by Yankee intel Southwest, •ke into consideration any moral values. Imperialism is an ligenceand supportedby a PNP faction, must be dismantled. as well as strong solidarity bonds with other Third ! . irrational force and its voracity knows no limits nor does it The criminal and corrupt elements that operate within the World Uberation movements. It is e;vident that this organiza tion poses a threat to the oppressive society and to its capital• allow th�m to consider the consequen.ces of any action. This is Police Departmentof PuertoRico, must be deaned out. Even es ec ist rulen who are desperately trying to eliminate our leader I wh� their self-d tructive nature increases with the d line of PoliceSuperintendent Astol Calero has admitted the existence is so in a historical perspective but that of a so-called death squadron within the said Department. ship. their sti:ength. Thi� The Denver Pent, process 1s charactenzed by an increase in violence. Thewound That criminal gang must bebroken up immediately. Last September 14, 1975, reported the ed monster attacks with such vehemence that it seems to have The same opportunities that the colonial capitalist parties Crusade for Justice was among groups in Colorado that were as infiltratedor placed under surveillance by ••army intelligence," becoi:n�stronger when, in reality, it h becomeweaker. have with respect to the electoral campaign must be guar This 1s happeningin Puerto Rico today. Within the last few anteed, without any stratagems or hypocrisies, for the inde in the '60's.The article further disclosed that the Army shared their "Intelligence" information with the Denver Police De \ days the SJ?llP!oms of imper_ialist desperation have surfaced. pendence parties ·so "that they can take their messages and / partment, and, accordingto sources, it was not unco"mmon ror The ass:issmatlon of our loved and unforgettable Chagul is politicalideoloR)' to the people. not an isolated act of some alienated individual. The same If the leadership of the country agrees to provide that poli• Army intelligence officers to take assignments from Denver \ hands that manipulate the repressive acts aimed at preventing tical climate, they can count on the Puerto Rican Socialist police after assignment requests had been channeled through the rebellionof our people,are the same that pulled the strings Party to scrupulously meetthe terms of that commitment. The the state's Army division headquarters. ( of the murderer who committed the felony. right of our people to hear, discuss, reflect and make their None of the police assaults against leaders and supportersof The four Puerto Rican -socialists who were captured In con politicaldecisions in peacewill then begu aranteed. the Crusade for Justice can therefore be misconstrued as spon nection with explosives is part of that great operation grue Ignoring this proposal made by the Puerto Rican socialists taneous confrontations, as the police and media have often at somely synchronir.ed to an itinerary that has been meticulously and continuing the repressive plan and brutal conspiracy temptedto make the public believe.A repressive trend is clear: executed. We are not going to comment on the facts of this against the independence and socialist movements is tanta The Centro of the Crusade for Justice, a multi-room facil '' case at this time. We will do it at the proper time and before mount to submerging the country to a state of war. The im• ity in the heart of Denver, was bought by the Chicano commu• They cannot paralyze this the proper forums. We can only say that the four comrades perialists, with the active and passive support of the colonial nity in 1968. As such, the premises of the Crusade are private es property. It is in this facility that the organization has con• who ha e been _arr ted and accused have the recognition, and parties, deal us heavy blows, including murdering and arrest party. _ � rs ,, the m1htant soh�arity and support of the Party in every respect. ing many of us. They cannot, however. paralyze this Party ducted its community meetings and organizing affai . It is The Puerto Rican people have united despite political dif which is prepared - after seventeen years of arduous struggle in this facility, also, that various forms of cultural talent have es been developed and performed for the community. It is in this fe_rences to offer their solidarity and manif t their outrage - not only to guarantee the continuity of the struggle,but also facility that the Crusade for Justice sponsored annual youth JuanMari Bras with �espect to the horrible crime committed against my son. to escalate and transform that struggle qualitatively with the We will never forget that sincere support. We have been deeply greatest speedpossible. conferences in the late 60's during which various political es Puerto RicanSocialist Party tou h and strength in our conviction that our people Whatever the outcome, we socialists will act firmly and issu were addressed, among them education and the Viet• � � �� _ mamtam a level of sens1b1hty and a sense of justice that tran serenely, each �f us meeting the task that is clearly defined, nam war. The positions these youth took in their communi• pr nt moment is a crucial point in the new struggle es � � scends all their passing confusions and prejudices. no matter which form of struggle we must take on in the im• ti showed strong political awareness. Across the country for hberahon in our country. The intensity of the moment af To convinc this noble people of the need and possibility of mediate future. In the meantime, we will continue to work Chicano students staged walk-outs in protest against racist s all of us who are in'!'olved in the great drama of Puerto _ _ � � . wmn ng our independence and building socialism is our first towards the goals we have set, vigilant of the situation at every teachers and irrelevant teaching materials and curricula. Rico: both friends and enemies of the people struggling for � priority. We would 1ike to do it in peace. We have no doubt moment, and ready to put into action a contingency plan when One such walk-out occurred in Denver at West High School. Independence and socialism. The community, among them Crusade for Justice leaders and that t�e st�uggle for independence and socialism can benefit the needarises. This is no time for mistakes or mystifications. We have put Juan Mari is the SecretaryGeneral of the Puerto Rican supporters, turned out to rally in support of the students. The from •�te11t�e�t deba!e, rational discussion of ideas, and con Bnu our cards o� the table. We fool no one. Thethings we say have frontatmn 1f 1deolog1cal alternatives carried out before th, Socialut Party. Chagui, his elde111 i,on, was murdered irt San policeturned out to riot against the community. Denver police a clear significance and we will a1ways live up to the expecta !11asses of the Puerto Rican people. Independence and social Juan btA pril. 1976. Thefollowing wa.r re-printed from Oari• had just returned from a national conference on "riot--control" tions of our convictions. Recently, we had the opportunity of ism are the only valuable alternatives to the d�ep crisis that dad, April4, 1976. and had planned to make the comrnunitJtheir practice target. Many Crusade and student leaders were arrested and later 6 C�unterSpy, Spring 1976 Spring t976, CounterSpy the case, but which turned out to have been previously used in guns, rifles,etc. were found. No such inventory of weap hand another trial in Kansas involving the American Indian Move ever presented in the trials and police inventory lists acquitted after T.V. films showed it was a police riot. Prior to sade for Justice and Raza Unida Party continued under heavy ons was ment. Our solidarity with AIM is also a known subject of inves for less than 20: officials could not account for the the trials, a Denver newspaper, The RockyMountain Nt!w,,. police attack in Denver. In the dawn hours following the No accounted tigation. And they dare to charge political activists with 'con Again the media was used to justify police aggres put out an editorial saying that Rodolfo Corky Gonzales uf'd vember 4, 1970 elections. the Denver police raided the facil discrepancy. spiracy.' the Crusade for Justice leadership should be gotten "rid of.", ities of the Crusade for Justice, which was now housing the sion. As a Third World organization, we anticipate an escalated Following the March 1973 defendants' trials, the police had This was in March, 1969. State La Raza Unida offices as well as Escuela Tiatelolco, the indictment was campaign against the Crusade for Justice. Our organization oo stage a quick come-back. A grand jury In May, 1969, Denver police attacked about 10 or 12 young Crusade-foundedChicano alternativeMovement sch l. to is being used not only to justify resources being expended to against another Crusade supporter, Gary Garrison, . Chicanos in the Crusade parking lot, some of whom had just Five youth staying at the premises were held with guns to brought destroy political movements and develop the growing pohce him with attempted bombing of a paint store. The returned from a trip to California.Claiming they had come to their heads while po1ice rampaged through the building bust• charging state but as a target of national intelligence operations. sane· had been found undetonated inside a paper bag which investigate a fight, 20 police - with several dogs, shot guns ing down doon, going through the closets, offices, school bomb tioned in the halls of Congress by representatives like Larry alleged had Gary's fingerprint on it. The news and mace - followed the traditional practice of assaulting the rooms curio shop and bookstore and art gallery, destroying prosecutors McDonald (R-Ga.). . the fact that Gary was a member of the youth then charging them with disturbance, resistance, and what they could. ('Ibey did not allctw the youth to call the ad media boldly printed before it even printed his name. After il!terference. (During the police-provoked confrontationtwo or mi istrators who had keys.) To justify the illegal entry, during Crusade for Justice Maria Serna U a member the Cru.sade for Justice. one of ? and a trial that ended last August, Gary of three police cars had their windows shattered and all the po which over $800in tap;s, filmS, Crusade and school files were months of hearings the large.st Chicano organization.sin th.i�country. lice inCUrred some injuries from fists, bottles and bricks). stolen, from various offices, police reported to the press that Garrison was acquitted. foHowing this acquittal Antonio Quintana and Among those arrested was Ernesto Vigil. the first Chicano in they had found two shotguns in the building. One month activist in the Crusade, were arrested the Southwest to refuse induction into the armed forces. At a press interview, Corty contrasted this particular police Juan Haro, a long-time attempted murder, theft, attempted anon, The Crusade had made strong ties with other Chicano lead attack with what had beenhappening to the Black Panthers- and charged with to commit all three in an a11eged aborted plot ers such as Cesar Chavez' farm workers' movement as well as the police creating hysteria and paranoia to justify their mur and conspiracy substations. The news media reported that with Reis Tijerina and other members of the Alianza who were ders. Publishedin El Gallo, this same interview recounted the to dynamite police to have been an 4ct of protest against the struggling for land grants rights in New Mexico. The Black break-and-enter laws and other repressive laws that were this attempt was International Police Chiefs' Association Confer and Brown Berets, particularly active in the Southwest and aimed at stopping political movements rather than "crime," holding of the week beginning September 13. The arrests the Crusade maintained close communications. Solidaritywith in a growing fascist, policestate. ence in Denver the the day after thousands of Chicanos turned out for other Third World movements grew after the Crusade joined Recently, it has been exposed how the government was busy took place march and rally commemorat the Poor People's March on Washington D.C. in 1968. at this time disrupting different Chicano organizations like the a Crusade-coordinated protest Ing Chicano Liberation Day, September16. With the Chicano Movement gaining national unity, police Berets and the Chicano Moratorium Committee in Denver, hearings forHaro and Quintana, agenti. repression and surveillance on Chicano activists ex:tended as well as other Chicano Movement organizations across the Duringpreliminary and various other police units admitted across state lines. The intelligence network was determined to country, by use of agent-provocateun. Yet to be disclosed are of the ATF. FBI, CBI. and supporters for several break up the threat that was building. Crusade leaders and the the full intelligence operations beingused to attempt to destroy to surveilling Crusade members the main object of their surveillance developing young leadership found themselves in continual the Crusade forJustice, although since the early ?O's we have months. and. that in fact. for Justice. Evidence largely confrontation and oftenfacing trumped-up chargesor charges witnessedand_ lostlives to their disruptive tactics. were the leaders of the Crusade an agent-provocateur named stemming from resistance to unprovoked arrest. Activists Police have taken advantageof every routine caJI to provoke rests on testimony by detectives, perjurist, attempted murderer - from New Mexico were being picked up in Denver on charges confrontations, confrontations for which they later blame ac Jose Cordova, Jr. (a known - and drug addict), who. accord after they had been in the city only a short while, and without tivists and whichthe establishment mediathen use to fuel their exposed by defense attorneys into the top ranks of the or prov ation. One Alianza member, Baltasar Martinez, had propaganda campaign. Some incidents have even beenreport ing to detectives, had infiltrated � into an intelligence network estab been tn Denver only two weeks before a police bulletin cred ed of police assaulting Chicanos who were not affiliated with ganization and was feeding ited him for the bombing of Denver school buses. After he was the Movement but who were told by_ police they were "getting lished since mid '75. Evidence against Haro and Quintana rests largeiy on an p oven innocent. the police claimed the accusation against even with Corky." The attacks have become more widespread � agent-provocateur named Jose Cordova, Jr., who. according to him had been a result of "mistaken identity." Meanwhile, the as activists gain control of recreation parks and community the police, had infiltrated into the top ranks of the Crusade. media took the opportunity to discredit both the Crusade and centers. In fact, prior to the September 17 anests, Jose Cordova was the Atianza Movement. lnts:lligence operations have turned out to be a domestic unknown to people involved in the Crusade, though subsequent When Crusade for Justice membersand supporters attended war, a war that gained force in 1973. It was during 1973 that investigation has revealed he is a known perjurist, attempted the 1970 National Chicano Moratorium against the War in the strategy to tie up the Crusade leadenhip and activists in murderer (exposed by defense attorneys), a drug addict and Los Angeles, CaJifornia - a moratorium born at a Crusade courts wasstepped up. In an attempt to curtail our effortsand convicted felon who is now facing charges of first degree bur conferenceworkshop - it came as no surprise that the dozens misdirect our resources, the judicial system was used against glary in Jefferson County. Cordova was allegedly feeding into Injured and arrested following a police-Provoked riot included over one hundred Crusade activists and supporters. Out of an intelligence network established since mid '75, which in 27 Movement activists from Colorado, Rodolfo "Corky" Gon all these cases, there was only one conviction. cluded the Bureau of Alcohol, T0bacco and Firearms, the zales among them. The activists were stopped in a Oat-bed On March i7, 1973 policeused a jay-walking citation to pro FBI, the Colorado Bureau of Investigation and various other truck that had offered them a ride out of the riot area and voke people leaving a birthday celebration at an apartment police units charged with surveilling Crusade supporters and made to lie on the ground with guns at their heads. They compleit next to the Crusade for Justice facilities. Before the members,and particularly the leaders. were held for robbery and "carrying 'a' concealed weapon" night was over, Luis Junior Martinez was dead, Ernesto Vigil The Haro-Quintana trial has been continued until October (which was found under the seat of the truck). Later, charges was shot in the back, dozens of other Chicanos were arrested 6, 1976, before a conservative judge whose uperience is rooted of :•crossing state lines to incite a riot" were pursued. Mean and four other men were brutalized. Needless to say, it was Attorney's office and the police force. Juan Haro whtle Colorado and California intelligence did their home the injuredand brutalized who were charged with "assault of in the District faces a six-year sentence for illegal possession of explo work, alerting the Denver press. The arrests and charges were policeofficers." also on the basis of Cordova's testimony in a federal trial last sensationalized back home. Someone other than the police The confrontation brought in over a hundred police includ sives January. It should be noted that in that case, now on appeal, had to be blamed for the three murders and riot stemming ing the bomb squad, which was coincidentally there when an federal agent introduced evidence he said was particular ,.,o__ _..� from this police confrontation. explosion ripped offthe roofand wal1 of one of the apartments. a , Charges were later dropped against everyone except Corky The media "found no wrongdoing on the pa� of police. . The Gonzales and Alberto Gurule, an activist who at the time was subsequent trials proved different;all but one of the defend running for Governor under the Crusade-founded Colorado ants, including Ernesto Vigil, whose jury took JO seconds to La Raza Unida Party. The trials acquitted Gurule but ended render a not-guilty verdict, were acquitted. in a hung jury for Corky Gonzales. He was later retried and Our own informationsources attributed the confrontationto convicted of the concealed weapons charge, for which he served police effort to gain entry into the apartment complex:, where, 40 days in jail afterlosing his appeal. according to "undercover infonnation", the Crusade was stor La Raza Unida Party had made an encouraging impact on ing arms for shipment to Wounded Knee. Theonly arms found loc�I and state elections, in spite of all the yellow journalism in the apartments were legally owned by the residents of those which followed the California arrests and trials. Yet, the Cru- apartments, although the media reported that over a hundred Spring 1976, CounterSpy 9
8 CounterSpy, Spring 1976 lI Also, there was a clear difference between the Impeachment and of many of their plans. and the Vietnamese war because in any wartime, no matter Other employen are using surveillance "As the U.S. government how criminal the war is. you are still open to chargesof "trea• tactics to prevent and stifle organizing son." People are fightingand dying "over there". In this case, .TRENDS efforts. slipsdown, the totaloutrageous there was so much information that came out about.Nixon's A regional office of the California corruption that charges of treason were meaningless to the Agricultural Labor Relationships Board ness of it all, forces people working class. charged the Teamsten Union and the Jerry Ford is almost as bad as Nixon politically. They are E & J Gallo winery, lut winter, with forward.'' both nco-fascist. Nixon has been in the forefront, making using "massive surveillance" to inter• deals, and had been an amateur, while Ford had been in the fere with the farm worken union repre background playing the legislati•e game, calmly and conec1: sentation election held at Gallo on ly from his viewpoint. He has no charisma, no leadership September10. ability, no looks, and no personality. He almost doesn't exist At the time of the election. the UFW PhilOchs as a presidentialfigure. charged that Gallo, in collusion with the But it is important to study Ford's background, to look at Teamsters, had systematica1ty followed his voting record, to see what he stands for and to realfze how UFW organizers and photographed dangerous a man he is. In some cases he is to the right of them while they talked to worken about Phil Ochs wrote music which rt.fleeted and reported th� Nixon, on the Vietnam war forexample. the upcomingelections. mowment for social change in this country, HU songs were The current apathy is different than the 19SO's. The people Fred Ross, UFW director of organiz liftedfrom the pages of the daily new&paper, and Phil sang are subdued, they have a feelingof oppression and a feeling of ing, described the company's tactics: "At Gallo's Snelling Ranch. I went door them at count/as ralliu terrorism. Black community. V selective and •ery cle•er terrorism. Univenity of Wisconsin students much they have been exploited and so theyare fighting against ery places acrossthe country to spy on work Among those wealthy customers is you have to careful. working at the student center in Madi• tremendous odds to find some form of government that is go So, be ers with the tools of advanced tech Katherine Graham, publisher and owner It is stilt dangerous in terms of contemporary people. If son fell victim to hired tabor spies last ing to �How t�em to control their own destiny. What you are nology. Unlike the Pinkerson agents of of the Wa,1hington Po1t. Graham, who _ fall. Their battle has been largely Un• seemg 1s a shifting: coup after coup, either the regular mili suddenly. forexample, someone's picture was on every front the JO's, today'slabor spiesare equipped is quoted as saying, "I want a Pulitzer successful though, and the unknown tary fighting it out, normal power sources or,
A new recruitment strategy adopted BowardUalffnlt, Mlcblpn StateUnh·enlt, Former CIA Director William E. lilst fall has increased student applica Mrs. Pearl Balley Ms. Oare Duncan Colby was not fired for �is cri".1es in tions to the QA this year by JO per cent Mr. Samuel Hall Mr. Gumecindo Salas Vietnam or Chile. He ts iettmg a - almost 10 per cent higher than the UDl....ity olffllaol,, Chbp - Chcle Mr. Carl Taylor SlS,()(X) per year retirement . pay. two Mr. Raymond • general increase in applications for all Dalton Unhonlty ol MJn-t■ book contracts, and a lucrative lecture Mr. W man L. F.dwards Civil Servicejobs. ey Ms. Jeallne Lupton to assure that he continues to carry Mr. RogerL Pulliam tour Capitalizing on the tight job market Mr. Frank B. Wilderson OJI the Cl A's policyof "plausible denial" UnlnnltJ of lllnolo, Medleal Cenlo• Ms. LIiiian Williams for 1976 gradiiates, the CIA has shifted Ms. CarolA. Cottrell against the American public. Uamn1ty el.New l'erli: its focus from small minority colleges to UnlTenllJoflDlnoll, Urbona-Champalp It's important to stump Colby when he Mr. Dean Harrison large public universities and dressedup Mr. Anthony G. Dew speaks in yourcommunity. We offerthe Mr. Hans J. Hillerbrand its pitch with full-page advertising in Ms. Sandra F. Nottis tools to do so: Ms. NormaS. Rees following campus newspapen, and personal ap Mr. Paul E. Parker Mr. Colby elicits sympathy by ha�ing Un-., Noni,of Cuolln■ pearances by former CIA Director Wil ...... ,u_., lightning rod for Congression Mr. Joe M. Galloway acted as a liam Colby on the collegelecture circuit. Mr. HoracioLewis al criticism of the CIA. Some contend Mr. George Taliaferro Mr. H.B. Renwick (See"Stump Bill Colby" p. 00.) that Mr. Colby has been a "scapegoat". Iowa SlaleUnlftnllJ Mr. Carl W. Smith is an innocentperson The new approach was met with mixed Dr. Marcia Donnentein OhioSl■to Unhenlty But, a "scapegoat" reaction. Some colleges organized de Ms. Augustine Wright Dr. William J. Holloway who is wrongly punished, and Mr. Colby crimes. monstrations against the_ QA, recruit u-..,.,o1x ..... PeamJh·alaState Unl•nltJ is guilty of countless in the C A ment; others refused on-campus inter Mr. Tony F.splnosa Mr. JeffW. Garis Colby pla� a key role. � a ; views entirely. Ms. Helm Kimball Mr. John Johnson secret war in Laos ; Operation Phoen_ � Dr.Richard Lee F.W.M. Janney, CIA director of per Uam,mty ofWuhlqtoa and the destabilization of the democratic u■-.,. o1Muytand sonnel-. told a New York Timu reporter, Mr. government of Chile. These CIA opera Mn. LauraGardner William L. Baker "Generally, we conduct interviews on Mr. McKinney tions could not have occurred without Mr. Hugh Warner Herman campus unless we have reason to believe the systematic deception of the Amer Uam,mt, ofMlchlpn,An■Arbor Unmmty ofWlocemm,M■dloen and Co gres . Colby'.s it would cause some embarrassment to Dr. Harold P. Folwet Mr. Merritt Norvell ican people � ! the university or ounelves,.. He added UnMnltyofMle..,_, Dearhom Mr. LH. Ritcherson speaking is only a continuation of this at American University on March 8, 'that the ultimate objective ofthe military that the students are asking harder Mr. Robert B . Vokac UnhonltyofWll
12 Counterspy, Spring 1976 Spring 1976, CounterSpy 13 LE� Opens Criminal Records Court OKs Pcllice A prospective employer or insurance investigator can now secure criminal his-· Set Ups for Dope tories and conviction records under a Books · new policy making all federally financed criminal information systems accessible for non-law enforcement purposes. On April 27, 1976, the Supreme Court TheFBI: Past , In May 1975, the Law Enforcement approved, 5 to 3, the federal Drug En Assistance Administration, (LEAA) Present... and forcement Agency (DEA) practice of issued regulations restricting release of supplying suspected drug dealers with information only to news media or for heroin and setting them up forarrest. Future em'ployment or government licensing F"tve of the eight justices agree that p_urposes, unless local or state laws spe FBI, by Sanford Ungar, Atlantic-Little there had been no due-process violation Brown and Company, 682pagn. cifically allowed otherwise. Within a when an undercover agent of the DEA year, however, the restrictions were lift If you want to write a "balanced" twice arranged for a suspect to sell ed.According to an LEAA spokesper book on the Federal Bureau of Investi heroin to another government agent and son: ..... Criminal history record infor then furnished the drugs that were sold. gation, you have to make it long. San mation relating to the offense for which The decision sustained the conviction ford Unsar attempted that book,and re an individual is currently within the of Charles Hampton of St. Louis, who cently presented us with FBI. which is criminal justice system may be dissem had contended that tbe government almost 700 pages long. For almost two inatedwithout limitation." should be prohibited from prosecuting years the FBI opened itself to Ungar; The LEAA announced that it is modi suspects to whom it had supplied contra Director aarence Kelley cooperated fying the regulations· In order ''to strike band. and directed other penonnel to do the a balance between the public's right to William H. Rehnqui�t went further to same. know such information with the Indi say that the government's complicity In What emerges Is a book describing all vidual's right to privacy." Othersarc not crime, no matter how outrageous, could facets of the Bureau. The intelligence so sure whether such delicate decisions never serve as a defense for a suspect functions of the Bureau, however, stand should beleft up to the LEAA. who was predisposed to commit the alone-a part of the Bureau's activities The new policybegan April 19, 1976. crime, that has sened no legitimate purpose. There Is no way to balantt the burglar ies, mail opening. surveillance, and counter-Intelligence · programs (COIN "I urge you, with every bit TELPROs) wi1h efficient crime labs, of compassion I have solved bank robberies and car thefts. ����!l!�1''il1�s for and dedicatedagents. • ? :fi ��-��GG\.tS the struggle forprogress, Four yean after his death, the spirit to order of J, EdgarHoover remains a force in the pirc State Building): 6% million inves credit him, and tell his neighbors about v�a _, a quantity of these Bureau. tigative files, and 58 million, cards in its the grouf)3 he was affili�ted with. '' This :-r�11�it pamphlets foryourself Over his almost 40-year tenure as general index. There are SOX) FBI lind of unofficial activity, he explained, and director. Hoover engrained himself agents In the field.Internal securit,y and might 1wwidely lnown within a field of·
for everyfriend and into the rules,practlc:es. and attitudes of counterintelligence matters account for flee where it goes on, but would rarely the FBI. Thus. Hoover-trained people 25% of the Bureau's resources, and the be documented on paJHr and therefore 1 .\".; ,.\'dl�lfucan,�fJf•�:. trust• • • • member of your family are still spread throughout the Bureau, Intelli nce Division is now so over could not be proved from the Bureau nlf���� ge c, V �\;,,... .,- that you possibly can. I am In the field offices and In the "Seat of staffed that some supervison are busy files. tS . . . Government", as the FBl's Washington All that stands between the intelli -.,,.Qt4}!��"\:t poilllcal llna you can barely one-third of each day. confident that after you headquartersis caUed. The attitudes of Bureau personnel are gence bureaucracy and future excesses t,J\lw_;pact(even II you don't always read the pamphlet Reinforcing the spirit of Hoover with also appropriate for future COINTEL is the possibility that the American peo agreewllh II) you will In the Bureau is a reluctance by the PROs. Agents would do it all again. As ple will realize that the machinery is be moved to a greater current director to repudiate the activ one agent put it in an interview with still all there. Once again the warning Challenging analysis and opinion degree of action ities of COINTELPRO. His motives for Ungar: of Attorney General Harlan Fiske Stone to • Stop this are unclear,-{)othey stem from a de "Keltey Jaid it won't be done any in 1924 should be heeded: sire to sustain morale within the Bu more, but I can aJJun you that it will, '1the FBI/ i1 not concerned with All In the Guardian, the largest S-11'· " .. .:.....WilhamKunstler reau? From fear of the remaining informally ifnot in an officialprogram. " politicalor other opinion, of individual,. selllng Independent radical Hoover lieutenants? Or from a con Many agentJ in security work. he ,aid, It i1 concerned only with their conduct , a newsweekly In the U.S. That's "STOP 8-1 ' viction that these activities were actual would not heJitate to tryto have the sub• and then only with such conduct a, i's p p .� ��t�� Jri: ly within the bounds of what was ex jects of their investigation., firedfro m forbidden by the laws of the United Subscription rates: Constltutlonal�:�'�? Rlghta. It la pected of the Bureau by the American theirjoin or el'ictedfrom their homeJ, StateJ. When a police JyJtem pa1seJ be the moat comprehensive people! a wcuJometimu arranged under COIN• yond theJe limits, it is dangerouJ to the $12.50 a year, $20.00two years, $1.00 analyals of this dangerous Whatever the reason, it i.J clear that TELPRO. He added that "if I, as a c,ue proper administration ofjustice and to &-week trial. (Add $4.00 addltlonal l!tQISlatlon now In print. Order by wrltl Guardian the mechanisms and the personnel for agent, have an extremist, I would prob human liberty, which it should be our postage for Canada and elae where �_v.�m,f_�•\� �',':1�. future COINTELPROs remain in place. ably do anything I can to put him in jail. firstconcern to cherish." abroad.) Mall to: Guardian, 33 W. 17 lO The Bureau has 169 million fingerprint q I have to buy information or read St., New York, N.Y. 10011. each; 10 to 24 copies, cards fit is fond of pointing out that if his mail sometimu in order to accom Susan Kaplan 30d eachj 25 or more Anoclate,Domuttc Securlt1 Project 20d each. stacked on top of each other the cards pl.iJhthat. I woulddo it. I wouldconduct would be 108 times as high as the Em- a neighborhoodinveJt18atlonjust to dls· Centerfor National Secorlt1Studlel
14 CounterSpy, Spring 1976 Spring 1976, CounterSpy 15 For the put oe,en yean, a IOCll>t rfaht-wlng newuei small facial features, fair skin, dark eyes and Jong dark hair ter called Information Digest bu been dolborlna •me which she usually wore in a braid; she alw·ays dressed in dark, of the mOltoophlatlcated analyticalreporu on the Amer unobtrusive clothing, often jeans and a sweatshirt. John, also ican Left to 1ach 1nhacrlhen u the FBI, CIA, and the overweight and about Sheila's height, had dark hair, wore glasses, and spoke with a National Secnrlty Agency. The Digest reporlll may he British accent. He explained various ly that he was fromWales or Surrey, England.He usually wore only one toe of a rlaht-wlng campala:n of apylng, lllllUbe dark sloppy clothes and often masqueraded as a priest, com dcmler compDlng, Information lndlna, black1Wln1, plete with clerical collar, which fooled no one, but in those 1ub,enlon of dyll Uhertleo, wiretapping, bualna, plota days, who cared? aplmt proa,eulTO leaden, filegal ouppreulon of lealtl In July, 1971, the couple opened up a "collective" bookstore mate dluent, lnOltratlon of go,emment apncleo, and at 1247 20th St. NW which incorporated a long wall of book crime of aU proportlom. shelves, a series of· table$ for newspapers, magazines and Tire New York Assembly's Office of Legislative Oversight pamphlets and a section fora Gestetner Mimeograph. A small and Analysis recently released an investigative report on a loft in back was used as a meetingplace and office. The store Congressional secret ..right-wing newsletter" used by the New York State front was given a dual name: The Red House - eight blocks Police to compiledossiers on over one millioo politicians, poli from the White House and New Foundations - the former to provide movement connections, the latter to give a cloak of tical activists, lawyers, writers and show business personalities. Aide Spies Thereport on the newsletter, InformationDigest, stated clearly respectabilityfor John, the "priest''. that the mimeographed Digest was received by over 40 sub The Red House never succeeded as a bookstore, and its real scribers and "was the string that ,held together a network of purpose remained obscure, even to people who worked with hidden informants whose information was recorded by police Sheila and J�hn. Two 1etters, draftedmainly by John, went out on Left departments throughout the nation without the individual from the group; one requested five-copy subscriptions to the involved knowing the process and without independent check entire underground press; the other offered to a large number ing by the police as to the validity and source of this derogatory of foreign embassied in Washington, daily del.ivery of People1 information." (emphasis added). But there, the New York World, Daily World. tlte Guardian, the liberated Guardian inquiry stopped. and other socialist papers for a weekly fee of four dollars. The A brief investigation by CounterSpy now confirms the worst first letter successfully established a flow of geographically fears contained in the New York report: the information was and politically divene alternative papers. The second, which received and used by the FBI, CIA and the National Security also requested that the embassy "advise us as the means you consider most appropriate for increasing the contacts between Agency (NSA). Information Dignt could be just the tip of a rightist iceberg of spying, massive dossier compiling and in your country and the tendencies we represent". never brought formation trading, blacklisting, subversion of civil liberties, any response. invasion of privacy, plots against progressive leaders, illegal The only other stock was odd items from RPM Distributing suppression of legitimate dissent, infiltration of government Co •• then a new localventure, and bookletsfrom Times Change agencies, and crime of all proportions. Experts consulted by Press. The Red House continued as a one-man operation, 20 CounterSpy including Frank Donner, of the ACLU Political hours a week from September to December, after which it Surveillance Project and Wes McCune, veteran analyst of officially closed, obviously having lost its value to the D.C. America's right wing, were -astounded by the sophistication policewho rented and paid forit directly. and depth of Information Digat. Donner believes Informa Towards the end of the summer of 1971, John and Sheila �r-·>' tionDigest demonstrates that the private, abundantly financed stopped participating in the Red House to become involved in right-wing elements have better infonnation on liberals and prison work through the Institute for Policy Stpdies, where radicals than that normally processed by the governm.ent. Sheila later obtained a job. After failing to assemble an um I McCune, who edits Group Research Report, a newsletter on brella organization called "Washington Connections", the the right-wing, was disturbed.Left-leaning lawyers who have couple created CCERL (Coordinating Center for Education in Repressionand the Law). J I examined Information Digat believe that, due to misuse of 1'i the data, much of the past seven-year history of the movement A house at 1616 Longfellow Street in Northwest Washington may have to be challenged and rewritten. All who have become became the headquarters for CCERL, which originally oper ,��.··1': involved with analyzing Information Digut believe it indicates ated from the loft at the Red House bookstore. CCERL pur that the right-wing privately maintained files that rival those ported to combat police repression, illegal surveillance of of the FBI. protest groups, grand juries and political trials as well as to promote prisoner rights and the abolition of capital punish• The Anthon and Their ManyFaces ment. Ironically, CCERL is listed in Tlte Iron Fi&t and the Velwi' Glow, the latest progressive analysis of U.S. police The authon Of the Information Digat are S. Louise Rees published in 1975 by ihe Berkeley•based Center for Research and John Rees, better known to the Washington, D.C. Left on Criminal Justice. It now appears that CCERL was actually community as Sheila O'Connor and John Seeley. organized to collect information from such anti-repression The two initially came to Washington around Mayday, 1971, groups as the Center for Research on Criminal Justice. A paid having established Leftcontacts through Abbie Hoffman dur• request for information recently mailed to the new box number ing the Woodstockmusic festival. John and Shella - offhand• for CCERL (PO Box JS College Park. Md. 20740) yielded no edly associated with several groups of street people called the . response, nor was the request returned with "Addressee Un "Crazies" and the "New York Motherfuckers" - covered known." themselves by including their names in the Information Digest in connection with Mayday and other anti-war activities from In September t 972, on the recommendation of a Howard 1969-1971. Why anyone would believe that the pair could Unlvenity law student, Sheila was hired as a part-time co possibly belong to the "youth culture" is now a mystery. But ordinator of the local office of the National Lawyers Guild they became familiar characters in Washington. Sheila, a huge (NLG). Sheila immediately took over the preparation of the woman, overweight, is at least six feet tall with a large frame, Guild newsletter which she changed drastically in format and
16 CounterSpy, Spring 1976 Spring 197.6, Counterspy 17 Someof the same information has also appeare4 in columns of content, conspicuously citing names, statements, and meeting O'Connor, a/It/aRees, were agent provocateurs. right-wing commentators. places at every available opportunity. (Naively, it was thought From the report by the Oversight Office we have learned McDonald had an extremely well-funded 1972 campaign. at the time that the additional "content" was the result of that John has had a long career as a ..spook". There is concrete His district, predominately white and rural to semi-rural, "new input" and "new energy".) Coincidentally, the new for information linking him as a paid informant with the Wash includes Cobb City near Marietta, the home of McDonald mat also had definite similarities to the Information Digat, ington, D.C. Metropolitan Police Department and, according Douglas plants, and Floyd City near Rome, Ga., lead ng which John a.nd Sheila were covertly mailing to the police, � ! to the report, he told the D.C. M.P.D. that he had also worked center of John Birch Society activism. But the most d1sturb1ng including large-type centered headlines and an occasional with the police departments in Houston, on the West Coast, information CounterSpy has received on McDonald is not his splash of dry sarcasm. in Maryland, in New Jersey and in New York State. He once association with the JBS or J,iformation Digest. His name has During the year and a half in the Guild office, Sheila co offered his expertise in intelligence gathering on the Left to repeatedly surfaced in rumors widely circul ting among the ordinated several effortswith community groups,including the � _ the Wackenhut Corporation, a private security service in black leadership of this country that he was mvolved ID meet· People's Tribunal (which sponsored hearings to investigate florida, which also manufactures surveillance equipment. ings to raise money to assassinate Martin Luther King, Jr. police brutality and particularly the murder of a 16-year-old George Wackenhut, contacted by legislative investigaton, CounterSpy cannot confirm these rumol'5- although we do youth during a police stake-out); the Police Brutality Panel, a says John was checked out and found to be a "kook", but their understand that the Justice Department is aware of them and coalition for handling police brutality complaints; and a panel report also says that good authority indicates be was paid for m·ay have investigated - nor do_ we necessarily believ� the� to investigate a plan by the Council of Government (COG) to intelligenceservices rendered. But their circulation by responsible leaders warrants mvesh set up a large spy network with LEAA funding. Out of the According to a former roommate, John would often travel gation by proper authorities including the Congress of the COG investigation, Sheila helped expose the Justice Depart to other cities to visit Movement people. Each time, she got UnitedStates. ment's OperationSEARCH (a project to integrate all govern reports that things became very agitated and problems always Mcik,nald is divorced. The exact reasons are unknown but ment computers), during the NLG's National Executive Board followed his visits. No one outside his roommates saw John very the Capital Hill grapevine has it that he has some �x al pro · meeting in Washington in October 1972. Sh� was elected to � � often, and even they did not know him verywell. Little is known terns centered around his extreme versions of patnotlsm. His the local executive board in January 1973 and later to the Na• about him, though the legislative investigators did turn up an wife was awarded the divorce, custody of the children, their tional ExecutiveBoard in June 1973. additional tidbit, that John Herbert Rees was an orderly in a home and furnishings and $1,000 per month alimony plus As officecoordinator, Sheila was very efficient, taking notes Massachusetts nursing home before becoming a beneficiary of child support. During his 1972 campaign, he was briefly jailed at all meetings, orgitnizing membership, donor, dues and sus . the will of Grace Metalious, author of Peyton Place. He main• for failing to make alimony payments. McDonald now 1s also tainer lists- all of which were typed and disseminatedto con tained a mystique, brushing offany questions with intimations being sued for S3.5 million by a widow who claims he illegally cerned members inside the Guild. and obviously, as we now that he was into "heavy" things and survivedby various illegal prescribed Laetrile as a cure for her husband's cancer. The know, to a select group outside. In retrospect, it is clear to hustles. highly controversial drug is banned by the FDA, but McDon- cpf Guild leaders that she also efficiently miscoordinated events, Sheila seems to have tics with a range of federal and state ald has been prescribing it for years. like the January 1973 citizen hearings called by Congressman intelligence agencies including the FBI, New York State McDonald's frequent tirades in the Congre.uionalRecord the country under a zealous, disciplined and thoroughly in John Conyers and 45 citizen groups to investigate the workings Police, Ma land State Police and the Washington, D.C. ry against those he believes are "communists" have primarily doctrinated cadre of organizers. In fact, it is organized like a of the criminal justice system. Metropolitan Police. We now lrnow that she worked forthe 3 been designed to whip up a new red scare a la the McCarthy· "vanguard party" of the right wing. Larry McDonald is, in As the Guild contact, Sheila was assigned to organize the old House Internal Security Committee which became ism of the 1950s. He has delivered detailed reports on a broad effect, a member of the "Central Committee." And a part of program· for the second day of hearings. In the eleventh hour notoriow for iu defamatory withhunts against legitimate it was discovered she had done nothing to prepare the pro range of New Left, Third World, consumer, environmental, their propaganda machine. dissent. The information in bis "Remarks" to Congress, while far gram. On being criticized by the main organizer, Sheila threat peace and justice and even paramilitary right-wing organiza• from totally accurate, nevertheless, is the product of a highly ened to sue him and that "she would get his ass." The or lions and events, including: the National Council of Churches; the November 1975 Teach-In at the University of Michigan,· sophisticated intelligence operation. The same can be, said for ganizer, a prominent local community person, had to be dis the Information Dige.st. This is not just the work of some suaded from making a public statement that shewas an agent A Spy In Congreu Ann · Arbor: the Center for National Security Studies; the American Civil Liberties Union; the Organizing Committee "right-wing kooks" but of trainedprofessionals. and had purposelyattempted to sabotage the hearings. Sheila is currently an employee of Congressman Larry P. (for for a Fifth Est�te, publishers of CounterSpy; NACLA; the Jnformaiion Digest was produced under the aegis of a New Another example of disruptive behavior was reported from Patton: he claims to be related to General George Patton) Movement for a Free Philippines; the Crusade for Justice; the York corporation called National Goals, Inc., begun by John the publicity committee of the National Lawyel'5 Guild Con McDonald. Democrat from Georgia. Dom in Atlanta in.1935, Rockefeller Foundation grant awarded to well•known leftist Rees in 1968. According to the incorporation papers, one cor vention in February 1973. On at least three separate occasions McDonald graduated from Darlington School in Rome. Ga. i leaders; the Communist Pa:rty USA; the American Federatio porate purpose of the company was: "(To) provide an investi• during the convention, Sheila and John confronted press and completedpremedical training at Davidson College,N.C., � of State, County and Municipal Employees; the Peoples Bi gative service for various branches of government, State, i people (escorted by authorized Guild members), chaUenging after which he went on to receivehis doctorof 1Qedicine degree centennial Commission; the National Caucus of Labor Com• Federal, and local and to prepare memoranda, reports, books, !, their credentials and security. In the middle of a session, from Emory University School of Medicine in 1957. He served mittees; Trotskyite and Maoist sects such as Youth Against pamphlets and bulletins with respectthereto." Sheila and John, who always sat on the aisle or in the back, four yean in the Navy as a physician and flight surgeon,then War and Fascism, Revolutionary Union and the October would jump up, Sheila screaming at the reporter or photo did his residency at Grady Memorial Hospital followed by. League (copies of apparent internal OL Central Committee grapher: "How do we know you're not a pig?" Sheila would three yean of postgraduate training in urology at the Univer papers were reprinted from the IntelligenceDigad. McDonald get into loud, heated arguments and once attempted to sity of Michigan at Ann Arbor. He is a member of the Inde seems to be singularly concerned with the National Lawyers physically assault a photographer. In the process, of course, pendent Methodist Church, various medical associations, ThePolice Connection Guild, however, as was the Intelligence Digat. Recently, he not only were meetings disrupted, but tenuous relationships Rotary. National Historical Society, the Atlanta Astronomy has also reported extensively on planning for the July 4th After December 1974, Digest was sent to subscriben from with the conservative Austin, Texas media were effectively Qub, and proudly proclaims he is the youngest member of the mobilization in Philadelphia by a coalition of Third World and Post Office Box 13_144, Baltimore, Md., the mailing address destroyed. National Councilof the John Birch Society. Leftorganizations. of a mysterious C.J.R. Associates. Neither the legislative in Sheila and John would periodically disappear for days at a When McDonald first came to Congress as a freshman . . So far his demagoguery bas not impressed the majOnty of vestigation nor CounterSpy has been able to discover more time during their stay in Washington. The last time they were representative he spent most of his time lobbying to be placed Congress, but it is carrying on the mission of the John Birch about C.I.R. Associates. The post office box was authorized actually seen was on the June 16, 1973 march to the Watergate on the House Internal Security Committee, but instead Society- to influence the hearts and minds of Americans and to John and LouiseReese (and John O'Connon ◄ as well as John by 10,000citizens protesting Nixon's crimes. Congress decided to abolish the committce.1 Since at least Norpel, until June, 1974, research director of Senator James Bad memories abound now. The pistol that unsuspectedly eventually achieve political power by mobilizing a dedicated April of 1975, McDonald has been reaularly placins highly minority of anti-communists. The JBS, a predominantly secret Eastland'sSenate Internal SecurityCommittee. dropped from Sheila's purse one day in the Guild office. The derogatory -not to mention false - informationon dissenters society of 80,000 of America's ruling and middle classes, be E.M. Hamm, the chief postal iJ.ispector in New York City, rent-a-car, stolen in the name of the Guild chairperson. The Congrcwionol Record. and anyone else he doesn't like in the lieves in the conspiracy theory of history: nearly everyone to told the Oversight Office: ., A now-retired postal in guns and possible wiretap equipment found when a curious a Congressman can say anything on the floor (Unfortunately the left of its founder, retired Massachusetts candy manu spector assisted the Marvland State Police in obtaining Post roommate at the Longfellow house broke into John and of Congress without fear of being suedfor slander or libel even facturer Richard Welch, is a member of the "Communist OfficeBox 13144. The assistance was in response to a Decem Sheila's bedroom,which remained locked during the day and though the information is obviously not so.) It is now obviow conspiracy" or fellow travellers. The organization, founded ber 1974 request from a Maryland State Police officer indi• bolted from inside at night. That same woman pulled from her Information Di that most of his information came from the in Indianapolis in 1958, operates at the gra� roots level cating that a Post Office box was needed by the law enforce• bed and beaten one night later by John on a rampage. All gest, prepared by his employee, Sheila, or S. Louise Rees, as through front groups and inside other organizations across ment agency. They were further told 'If you desire additional these memories point out one fact: John Seeley and Sheila she appears on the most recent Clerk of the House report.
Spring 1976, Counterspy 19 18 CounterSpy. Spring 1976 '(
co t information ncerning the postoffice box, you should contac Information Digest t t t t t and on the so-called Left. Rees's information was invaluable For «;xample, had access to he in �al The CLA is a job bli.clcJis ing operation which claims to h_ave Captain G.R. Gran . Maryland Sta e Police Headquarten.'" t t t t t to the intelligence community ... I don't hink Rees got his documen s of Vietnam Veterans Agains the War, lnclud1�g "over 7,0CX),000 cross-indexed cards on individuals, orgamza Grant denied tha he Maryland State Police "had rented'' t information from federal agencies. It was my impression that letters from he 1966-67 period, notes from steering _comm1t tions, publications and movements which have been a_ttempt• Post Office box 13144, but has repeatedly refused to explain t t t t t t t the federal intelligence communi y was more dependen on ees and background information on New York Ctty-based ing the destruction of he United S a es by way of internal the circumstances of how the box was ren ed or used. On one t t t t t t t t him han he was on them.'" VV AW leaders. Not all the VV AW infonnati?n was accu�a �, subvenion." It was he CLA hat put out a 70-page pamphle occasion,Grant told the legisla ive investigators ha the con• t t t t t A case in point: Rees invited D.C. police to bug he Red especially its analysis of Communist Party mflu�n� wt hm on the communis hreat of the National Lawyers Guild, which clusion by postal authori ies "was no doubt a product of in• t t t t l,iformation Digest t t House and the Longfellow S reet house, a frequen mee ing the group. They were, however, able to develop tnstgh an� merely expands the coverage of h� 1973 forences drawn ... from he circumstances prevailing at the t t t . t place for Guild legal peopleand Mayday activis s. There has unders anding of the sectarian questions that fi_n�Uy spht Guild Conven ion in Austin, Texas. time the box was rented. . According to he report: t been no evidence of bugging at Longfellow Street, yet. VVAW in o two separate groups. While some of th1s tnfonna• The Institute for American Democracyreported in an article· '"Norpel, now living in California, said he left intelligence t t t t ion could have been obtained through pubU� sou�es,Infor on the CLA's blacklisting operations hat CLA had no ified work in June 1974 and knew nothing about Information In the fall of 1975, he internal affairs division of the D.C. t t mation Digest was somehow able to obtain d�ss1on papers their customers that they will receive a publication c�lled Digest, t police and the U.S. At orney's office began an investiga ion except tha John Reesruns it, and that the only reason t t Information Digest t t into possibleillegal break-ins and elec ronic survCillance by the and agenda items for VV AW National S eer1�g Commit:tee from a "shadowy outfit called National his name appeared on the publication is tha Rees le him use prior . t 7 t t t MPD's intelligence division. An internal affairs officer, an Meetings to the meetings taking place.Thts mforma ton Goals, Inc," - the same "ou fi " incorporated in New York the P .0. Box for his personal use. But Norpel says he wen to t Assistant U.S. Attorney and an FBI agent interviewed Reesin clearly came through the use of in ernal sources. 1 California in July, 1974 and cannot explain why his name was by John Rees in 1968. a Washington motel room under the condition that they not t t on a Maryland P.O. Box openedin December,1974 except to In addition, the Wackenhu Agency, which has strong ies ask Reeshis presentaddress, presen t activities or present work The 'ThirdAgency' Rule t t . say, "You can put anybody's name on a mailbox. I had nothing to the JBS, main ains files on housands of Amen�ans. Rees t for any government agencies. Otherwise, his whereabouts It is also obvious that Information Digut was p rticularly once worked for Wackenhut. And the JBS itself _publish�, for to do with tha .' t � t t t have been unknown. Neither the legislative investiga ors nor t profi , the Biographical Dictionary of the Left wi h do�s1en on ''At one point,Norpel's wife told he legislative investigators t sensi ive about its sources. The November 19. 197! tssue con• CounterSpy have beenable o track him. t t t t 11,jor that 'friends' had told her to refer any questions about Norpel ained a lengthy dissertation revealing some of�e mner work individllals and organiza ions similar o tha found m InformationDigat . t t t t appearsto have formed an underground Information Digest t mation Dige,t. CounterSpy has als_o heard hat he !nterna• or the Reeses or he House committee o Otto Otepka, a for• t ings of fi?ances, e�ent of c1rcula 1on and link be t t t 5 ween willing and gullible police departmen s through t tional Associa ion of Cbiefs of Pohce may have received In· mer Sta e Department official. t the use o which it was put by Its subscnbers: out the na ion. According to the legislative report: It will be apparent to the 40 people now receiving t� In/or• formation Digut and used the information to notify employers .. Norpel said that Rees was important not only to his com .. Many law enforcement officials say that Rees convinced police U of activity in their plants and shops. mittee and D,C. police but to the federal government: 'The de motion Digest tAat much of the information obtained by partments of his importance by tantalizing them with stories ,ources active in radical, ,o-calkd revolutionary group,. Un· Obviously, the investigation of ln/ormatio� D�gest h� only information which he brought before the Senate Internal of violent plots and t t t It by taking informa ion fro,n one depart controlled di11emination of thi, information can luwe the just begun. Already i is clear th� the const1tuttonal right of Security Subcommittee was always right on the mark. pro ment t and telling another one what he had jus learned." The m millions of Americans has been violated by an enormou� sub vided background leads for the Venceremos Brigade hearings raw, t t unevaluated, editorialized and frequently derogatory in c;;:::,;u:hC:'::'fe":.'f:a�ionof information ha,cawed prob- culture of right-wing ex remists. who have the poten ial to formation was used, acco t . rding to he report, .to develop le,m to two ,ource, and a& a ruult three people hai:e bu? sabotage progressive organizations with impunity. Those who dossiers on thousands Information Digest of patriotic and decent Americans who removedfrom our mailing /ht, and will not be reading thu have produced are extremely dangerous had committed no crime t t 11\911 and were not 5uspec edof commi ting material. Jn two in.rtance.swe believe the problemwa.s caused acrime." Information through 1tupidity; in one in.rtonce a problem WAI causedby a ��:� are several immediate concerns raised by Thepolice are not the only source, if they are a sourceat all. mqjor breach of confidentiality and a total lack ofregard for Digest besides full investigation of those involved. The ques- Theinformation was also collectedfrom publications, such the accepted ''ThirdAgency''rule. tions which should be askedby any investigation include: as • . the newspapers amassed by the Red House bookstore; gossip: It ;, requested that you keep the InformationDig';'t fo r Ult (I) How widespread is the practice of laundering stole? m and the infiltration of various organizations. ge At least one ex withinyour own organizatio_n and _do not ,_han it wtth other,: formation through government a ncies and Congr�tonal pert contacted by Co1mterSpy believes . Information Digest t that many younger thU u,ue (Nov. 19) in particular u 1en.nt1l'f! and ,h_oul� not, offices? often reported from s olen mfor• members of the extreme right have infiltrated the New Left under any circumstances, be leaked !° any �,zat.'on or mation. Second, Congress should decide whether it � legal _ or over the past few years to serve as t informers for the govern• newaman, however well-establUhed their !"'putat,on.If. inyour proper for a Congressman to countenance he steahng of ID· ment and perhaps forright-wing groups. t Congrenional Record, They may be partic judgement, material ahould be di&aem_1nated. pleaie do not formation by republishing it in he as ularly active in the sects where dogmatic politics provide an Larry McDonald hasdone. t we it inI.D. format; acramble and rewnte! . adequa e cover for rightists pret t . . Information Digest ending o be leftists.This will CounterSpy has learned that Information D1gat matenal (2) Has beenused as a blackhst? Several t t I deserve further analvsis. It is further Inform t lawyers who have examined some 2,.000 pages of he lnforma· otion DiRut apparent hat � was not jus sent to police departments around the country I was not only receiving tion Dignt believe that the information could �ave been used t information from nor is its use only for a John Birch Society "red scare". Bo� govem8'en t sources but also may have t to keep prospective law students out of certain law s�ools had i s own agents the Central Intelligence Agency and he National Secunty \. in various t organizations. One particular report in because of heir ties to unpopular causes or the_ Nah?nal Agency have also received this information.Copies of a deroga t t t Information Digut t t t t t Lawyers Guild. I is in eres ing that one Information D,�est indica es tha the San Diego ory and inaccura e report on CounterSpy_co7di or Winslow Convention report on Sally Quinn, linking her to Algerian commumsts, Coalition, a consortium of protest groups Peck from Information Digut appeared m hts NSA file re planning fort t was circulated shortly before she was fired from CBS as a TV he 1972 Republican "Conven ion then leased under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). NSA t t b to t be he)d in San Diegohad been infiltra ed by at ributed the information falsely accusing Mr. Peck of LSD t of�:: e;,iformation Digest and its reprinting in official InformationDigest usage during a par icular event to a "private source". Other sources.'" Information Digest government reports and the Congression�IRecord amounted copies of have appeared in CIA files re• t leased under the FOIA to other individuals. Thishas prompted to massive viola ions of privacy? What privacy laws have been t t t broken? Who is liable? the speculation by some experts tha even ho�gh th�s was he , t product of the extreme right the lnformat,on Di�u� may (4) A serious legal question has been raise.d by the Oversigh t Information Digut have beensanctibned or in part financed by the m�1ve tlle�aJ Office report. Before he appearance of it has been assumed by most defense lawyers that the term CIA domestic spying operation, CHAOS. (lnterestmgly, while "confidential informant" referred to an individual. But the Sheila worked in the National Lawyers Guild office, she some report indicates that the New York S!ate Police co�sidered times signedcorrespondence "In chaos and struggle.") , . '!'Ii� 11::,,rrntlo,1 .J"1Lcdr,;rl Information Digest such a "confidential informant . Many h•i:d,, 1,, ,,f>\<'",.,.,1'1,,,I , I ,\ lawyers question the legality of this designation, and w?,nder >1r!;tfo1· t t •? Right Wing Files c:1•)• in how many cour cases over the past few years have he c_on fidential informants" of police departments been pubhca- The Information Digut also was probably circulated in other t tions of questionable reliability and bias. private righ ist circles. John Rees is reported by the New York . investigators to have edited between 1969 and 1970 These are the questions which should be asked bf official Assembly t t CounterSpy t t the "National Laymen's Digest," a publication �f the Church inves igation. Bu is somewha skephc�l tha Congress will unde�ake such an investigation considermg the League of America, based in Wheaton, 111., a Chicago suburb.
20 CounterSpy. Spring J 976 Spring 1976, CounterSpy 21 recordof such investigations in the past. feller, Pew and Mellon interests. Directon of the League in Most notable was that investigation in 1933 into an actual cluded Al Smith and John J. Raskob. TheLeague later formed attempt to make a fascist puppet of President Franklin D. affiliations with pro-fascist, anti-labor and anti--semitic organ Roosevelt. �•jor General Smedley Darlington Butler, one of izations. the most remarkable generals in American history, •Uncovered It astonished Butler that former New York Governor Al Howdo the plot. A veteran of 35 years in the Marine Corps and twice Smith, who had lost the 1928 presidential race to Republican a recipient of the Congressional Medal of Honor, he had finally Hoover could be involved in a fascist plot backed by wealthy decided that .. war was a racket." men. But the ..happy warrior", who had grown up on New His reputation for patriotism, integrity and dedication to York's East Side, had traded his brown derby fora black one. JOU·describeyour democracy coupled with his proclivity to speak the truth as he He was now a bu.siness associate of the powerful Du Pont saw it, irrespective of official policy, made him a seemingly family, who llad cultivated him through Du Pont officialJohn perfect front for the men who hated Roosevelt. They were J. Raskob, former chairman of the Democratic Party. Under people with determination, who, if it were possible to replace their influence, Smith had grown more and more politically the President, sought to manipulate him through the person conservative following his defeat. Mother? of an American Mussolini. Their short-sightedness prevented The Du Pants owned a controlling interest in the Reming their realizing that Butler was obviously the wrong choice for ton Arms C.o. from which arms were to be supplied to Butler's the job. invasion army of 500,000 men, many of which were to be re It'sjust as difficultif she's a magazine.. TheMcCormack-Dirckstein House Committee on Un-Amer cruited through the American Legion. ican Activities hearing dealt with how Butler was approached Chairman McCormack was himself a Legionnaire and the g s. by representatives of the arch-conservative American Liberty revelations of the plot implicating Legion officials might have liter!1u��a��� ;��(�U::iB�:l ��ti�:�1� ht:��� A MAGAZINE FOR League - some of whose members are believed to be con been painful to him, but Butler also knew that McCormack cooking. reminism. poetry. art, the environment, m
"Manipulating police and ri- val political factions.like mark ers on a monopoly gameboard, the FBI "neutralized" the Black Panther Party in the most bru tal sense of the word. ''
aims." A look at the major components of best be understood hv C'omparing its stated purpose with the rent policy and •? TimBut, that it is compatable with this definition military Psy-War purpose.According to internal FBI memo COINTELPRO show warfare. For 15 years the Federal Bureau of Investigation managed a and Fred Hampton, COINTELPRO was more than a psyCho randa, t'he Counterintelligence Program was designed to "ex of psychological lies, and half truths is commonly called coordinated program of infiltration, disruption, and black logical warfare operation against them and the Black Panther pose,disrupt, and neutralize" targeted groups through the use The use of rumors, operations," and is a well established propaganda that was mandated and controlled by the highest Party; it was a death warrant to have them killed without mak of rumors, lies, half truths and government "front" organiza "black propaganda the intelligence community. The FBI used officials of the Bureau. Known as the Counterintelligence ing the directconnection to the Bureau itself. tions. COINTELPRO could be termed a "dis-information" custom within black propaganda, which was a national choice of tactics given Program, or COINTELPRO in FBI Newspeak, these opera Seven general areas of counterintelligence operations have pr Dep_artment the goal of COINTELPRO to neutralize the opposition by tions combined the most vicious aspects of psychological war been described publicly by the FBI, but evidence produced in �:;::::,iogicalwarfare is similarly definedby the or exploiting weaknesses. The U.S. Army fare and officially sanctioned vigilante terrorism against dis court trials and Congressional investigations indicate that of Defense and lhe Joint Chiefs of Staff in the otlictal DoD manufacturing at the Army S cial Warfare Center at Fort sidents and non-whites who challenged the policies of the other areas also existed. Although the FBI is quick to claim Dictionary of Military and Associated Term.s: psychological teaches students pe "... vulnerabilities can best be exploited by means American government. to the press that the COINTELPRO was abolished in 1971, warfare is the "planned use of propaganda and other measures Bragg that propaganda ...and (it) requires great care and In its wake, the COINTELPRO actions of the FBI shattered they are just as quick to admit quietly to their friends that they designed to influence the opinions, emotions, attitude, and be of black ..." many lives. Jobs were lost, homes broken up, reputations have abandoned only a consolidated program and not the havior of enemy, neutral, or friendly groups in support of cur- secrecy ruined, organizations crippled and decimated, and people tactic.s of co1mterintelligence. were killed. For Bunchy Carter, John Huggins, Mark Clark COINTELPRO as an exercise in psychological warfare can Spring 1976, Counter�py 2S
24 CounterSpy, Sprin� 1976 ' -1 Great care and secrecy were the o watch words f COINTEL- PRO action. them to use journalists as intelHgence sources and as active PRO. COINTELPRO information into four areas: actions pending, Had it !1ot � for the burglary of the FBI Resident On October 12, 1961, the FBI turned its sights on the-Social- actions in progress, actions completed and their results, and agents in distributing FBI black propaganda . JAgency office in Media, Pa., on March 8, 1971, the existence . 1st Workers Party (SWP). According to a memo signed by miscellaneousinformation. The purpose of this type of action was to embarrass (and of COINTELPRO may have never been uncovered. In that Hoo';�• _the S":P's sins included their support of "Castro's and reporting system provided a simple but i:herefore affect the political power of)key movement activists. burglary, internal FBI memos were stolen This structure and later released Cuba , mtegrahon� and their sponsoring over the The most notorious examples of this were in connection with to the press. An analysis socialist candid•tes efficient bureaucratic mechanism for strict control of the documents showed that 45 per in lo cal and national elections. program. Headquartersconstantly warned field officesto avoid the Bureau•s attempts to discredit ilnd even blackmail Dr. cent of the FBI memos dealt with criminal activities, J percent The next target group became those the Bureau termed any form of counterintelligenceactivity without specificauthor Martin Luther King through the use of tapes made of Dr. with organized crime, 14 percent with draft and miJitary resis found "White Hate Groups." Seventeen Ku Klux Klan chapters ization from Washington. Under this system of reports, pro King's private life. At one point, Senate investigators tance to the Vietnam War, and 40 percent with other political were targeted for COINTELPRO operations o actions;were that the FBI had gone so far as to even suggest to Dr. King that activities. Amons the under a mem posals, and evaluati n, 3,247 counterintelHgence political activities documents were orand�m that included should commit ·suicide several weeks before he was to travel several a subtle note of apology. As if to say consideredand 2,370 were conducted. he relating to the Counterintelligence Program. An order that the problem might simply bea few bad apples in the bar In before the Senate Select Committeeon In to Stockholmand receivethe Nobel Peace Prize. to terminate COINTELPRO came within his testimony six weeks of the rel, Hoover wrote: "Often these groups act without James 8. Adams stated Official FBI records show that this blackmail/black propa bui'glary, shortly after the documents the ap telligence, Deputy Associate Director were released to the proval of the Klan organization was used by the FBI in 20 percent of all press. or membership" when con• that COINTELPRO actions "were not designed for the pur ganda operation ducting attacks on civil rights workers COINTELPRO actions. NBC reporter and Blacks. pose of harrassment of an individual •. . they were designed to Carl Stern read the Media Papersand, sensing With and othe,r the expansion of the civil rights movement and the disrupt groups." In order to conduct the disruptions, the FBI Information was also provided to local authorities an important story, he filed a Freedom of Information request emergence of nationalism es in hopes of having people arrested or har for among Blacks, Hoover ordered used the oldest psy-war tactic, the manipulation of informa Federal agenci the documents authorizing the program. After a two-year the .. FBI to target "Black Nationalist - Hate Groups for coun tion. rassed. The FBI used this tactic in 1967 to have black leaders legal battle, the FBI released some of the documents to Stern terintelligence disruption. In an August 25, 1967, memo, in one unidentified town arrested and re-arrested On minor Stern•s attorney, Ronald Plessar, pursued the matter and fin: Hoover outlined the goals of the newest COINTELPRO: "to local charges until they could no longer meet bail. The FBI ally forced the Bureau to release a second series of documents. expose, disrupt, misdirect, or otherwise neutralize the activi SpreadingBlack Propaganda then congratulated itself because there were no riots in the From Plessar and Stern"s work came the first flood of informa !ies of bl�ct nation�list, hate-type o towQ that summer. tion on COINTELPRO. rganizations and group The most popular tactic was the manufact�ring of false and 1 . leadersh1p, spokesmen, membership, Sincethe . and sup- anonymous information and distributing it in such a way as The FBI went to Washington, D.C. building officials on first documents released to Stern and Plessar on �:������ : tension. This tactic accounted for a full that they check a localprivate December 7. 1973, there have been two major lawsuits focused to create or aggrevate another occasionand requested Six months later, on February percent of all FBI COINTELPRO actions. On one occasion, of Islam (Black Muslims). The FBI on COINTELPRO. One suit has been brought by the Socialist 29, 1968, Hoover expanded 40 schoolrun by the Nation the Bureau•s position o false information to mem o find enough Worken Party and Young Socialist Alliance against the FBI n the COINTELPRO-Black Nationalist the Bureau decided to disseminate had hoped that the building inspectors w uld program with a memo of the Black Panther Party down. CIA. and various government offacials. The second suit w� that outlinedfive specific goals: ben of the Oakland, Ca., chapter violations of the building code to have the school closed (l) Prevent coalitionso "leak" within the Oakland or were pleased by brought by the survivors of the December 4, 1969 raid on a f Black groups; by fabricating an anonymous While they did not succeed in that goal, they (2) Prevent The purpose of the false inspectors they Black Panther Party apartment and the relatives of two men the rise of a Black "messiah", such as Martin Saa Francisco Police departments. an added side benefit; through the housing Luther King, Stokely think that the leadership was all the parents and killed in the raid, Mark Clark and Fred Hampton. The recent Carmichael, and FJijahMohammlld· ' leak was to make the Panthers obtained the names and backgrounds of (J) Prevent violence; were installed in places House and Senate inteJligence investigations revealed a mass stealing Party funds, that wiretaps studentsat the school. ( o were informants, and o anti of previously unknown facts around the FBI and COINTEL nt Black gr ups and leaders "from gaining respect. where none existed, that loyal members In 1968, as the New M bilization Committee and other ab::t� other lies designedto promote factionalism. planning to demonstrate at the Democratic PRO. From these major sources, it is possible to see how war forces were (S) �vent _the o o as informers was not to neutralize COINTELPRO developed as a psychologicalwarfare activity. Jong-range gr wth f Black groups, especially The tactic of framing Party memben National Convention in Chicago, the FBI sought In their recruitment of youth. limited to the Panthers. TheFBI used that tactic against both one of the Mobe's key figures, Dr. Sidney Peck. In Dr. Peck's A few weeks after Hoover's m'?mo, one of his major adver the Communist Party and the New Left. case, the FBI went to the InternalRevenue Senice and asked How COINTELPROBegan saries was eliminated. Dr. Martin Luther King. the subject A variation of this tactic was often used to split Black and them to perform an audit on his tax returns.' IRS, of course, of a seven-year Bureau campaign of wiretapping and harrass White movement groups from cooperating and coalescing. foundnothing out of order, but it did create a major drain on The first FBI counterintelli o gence operation wu initiated in ment. was killed by a sniper in a Memphis hotel. King had In 1969, the FBI used an informant, in the Black United Fr nt the time that Dr. Peck could devote to his work on behalf of 1956 and targeted against the Community Party-USA changed o demands from the (CP his h tel after the FBI planted a story in the local of Washington, D.C., to make false money theMobe. USA). According to former AttorneyGeneral Saxbe,the effort press that he was living in a Holiday Inn rather than in a local NewMobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam. In Members of the Socialist Workers Party often found that was justified by a "prevailing view in Congress and the Amer 1 liberate or not, the FBI set Dr. King up a manufactured letter, the FBI demanded the "Mobe" post this tactic was used against them. particularly Party members : :!' ican people that the Federal Government should take approp ::�;:;s i:::�!�� a high cash bond to insure that Washington's black com who happenedto work as teachers. 'Dr.Morris Starsky. an un riate steps against o domestic subveni n." Perhaps the real In May, 1968, the FBI began a fifth domestic counterintel• munity would not be harmed by the demonstration. That ac tenured faculty member at Arizona State Univenity, and reason was J. Edgar Hoover•s penonal dissatisfaction and ligence effort, this time targeted against the predominately tion succeeded in creating tension between the Mobilization Maude Wilkerson, a school teacher in Washington, D.C., frustration with the failure of the government to imprison com white New Left. The goals were the same: the use of propa committee and the Black United Front and diverting energy both lost their jobs as a result of the FBI contacting the state munists. The Smith Act, designed to destroy the CP-USA and ganda and other disruptive measures to neutralize frombuilding the largest anti-war demonstration of the 1960's. or localeducational authorities. the an FBI Socialist Workers Party, had failed in its goals. Of 141 enemy. Such black propaganda was also wed to create friction be It was the tactic of using local authorities to do the dirty peopleindicted under the Smith Act, only 29 ever served time Each of_the CounterintelligencePrograms operated alongthe tween the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) and the work the FBI was unable to do itself, that led to raids on the in prison. When the Suprelh.e Court ruled in 19S7 that advo same baste lines. At each participating field office (not all Black Panther Party. Selected informants within the Illinois homesand offices of the Black Panthers, including the Dec. 4, cacy of a doctrine or "eyiJ intent" was still covered by the offices were_ involved with every program), a counterintelli� Oiapter of the Panthen were instructed to create a dynamic, 1969 raid that resulted in the shootings of Mark Clark and Fint Amendment, the Smith Act lost its main thrust. It be gence coordmator was selected and charged with supervision through the use of Iles, that would stop the Panthen and SDS Fred Hampton. came clear to Hoover that other stepshad to be taken. of the pr,ogram locally. It was the coordinator•s job to identify fromworking in a pdliticalcoalition. All the information that the FBI could collect from Its in• It was easy forthe FBI to develop information for a CP-USA potential weaknesses within the target grouping and devise Organizations can sometimes be crippled by the use of a formants, and all the government and private sector agencies COINTELPRO: of an estimated 8,500members, 1,500of them hnique to create the desired disruption Counterintelligence technique against a key individual. In and institutions that they could use were called into action for were �� or FBI informants and provided a wealth of information on �t::i�r.t;o!� St. Louis, the FBI attempted to stop a white woman who was COINTELPRO. Members of the SWP and CP-USA lost jobs Party structure. finances, and es the personal liv of the mem Recommendations for counterintelligence actions were then working with a predominately Black neighborhood group. In because of their political affiliation, a right guaranteed under bership. Hoover finally had to order his agents not to recruit prepared with descriptions of the target group, the action to order to neutralize her, the Bureau sent an anonymous letter the First Amendment. Black activists and New Left leaders any more informants unless they were . in "the highest policy be taken, and desiredresults. This letter was then sent to FBI to the woman's husband alleging infidelity and adultery. The were slurred in leaflets and in the media without justification makingle,-els. of the Party. On August 28, 19.56, Headquarters the CP-USA in Washington, D.C., where they were either letter was written in street language and purported to be from or attribution to the FBI. Families and friendships were split began. 0 approved or rejected. The_ official primarily responsible for some Black sisten"; it complained that the woman was as the FBI sought to manipulate people through the most One "high level" informant was a Security Oftker in the COINTELPRO was William Sullivan, who in 1961 becamethe sleepingwith ..their" men. powerful weapon- information, or more correctly in this case, Central Committee of the CP-USA. According to former FBI A_ssistant Director in charge of the Intelligence Division, and Thesecond most popular tactic usedin COINTELPRO was lies, rumors, and innuendoes. If the FBI judged that a person agent Jack Levine, the Security Officer was responsible for his deputy, Charles D. Brennan. the dissemination of confidential and semi-public information was of importance to a group on the FBl's laundry list of tar discrediting loyal Party members and. granting clearances to to friendly sources within the media. As the final report of the gets, it would then mount a COINTELPRO action against The field office coordinators also provided Sullivan arut others who were actually FBI plants. This tactic was one of Senate Select Committee on Intelligence points out, the FBI him or her. .many Brennan with quarterly status reports on the progress of the Justice Department later admitted was a COINTEL- for>:.cars had developed a media liaison program that allowed FBI agents even interfered with the judicial and political COINTELPRO activities in their areas. These �Ports broke
26 CounterSpy,SprinR 1976 Spring 1976, Counterspy 27 ing the thoughts and individuals that he op�d. COINTEL arriving in Birmingham would begreeted by local Klan mem US organization. The 1truggle has reached such proportions PRO brings to mind the famous statement by an American ben who had police assurances that they could beat the civil that it i.s taking on the aura of gang warfare with attendant •yietnam ... "We had to destroy the village ey threats of murder and reprisals. ::::J�: :a::;: rights workers for 15 minutes before th would be stopped. t� Again, the FBI did nothing to intervene eventhoush they were "In order to fully capitalize upon BPP and US differences . The FBI has admitted that its informants were told to de aware of potential civil rights violations an4 that local authori as well 08 to exploit all a¥enue.sof creating fu rther dissention h�r�te!y perform acts of disruption, but it denies that such ties were a part of the conspiracy. in the ranks of the BPP, recipient officd are instructed to activity 1s synonymous with the use of agent provocateurs. Rowe's actions were not directly linked to any COINTEL submit hard-hitting cou,nterintelligence measures aimed at PRO request, but they are an indirect result of the program. crippling the BPP" (emphasisadded) Phony Organizations Had Rowe not been participating in COINTELPRO actions, To continue sharpening the rift between BPP and US, Sul· Another counterintelligence tactic was the use of "notion• he would not have needed to maintain the deep cover that he livan ordered each participating field officeto submit biweekly als". or political organ�aJions manufactured by the FBI to did. It is hard to believethat other FBI informants involved suggestion letters to the Bureau on the Panthers. serve as front groups within both right and left wing circles. with the Klan did not experiencesimilar situations where the · Soon. the streets of San Diego and Los Angeles were the Att�rney General Saxbe claimed that this tactic was used only FBI told them to imprOl'e their credibility at the expense of site of new leafletsdesigned to heighten the tension between the against Ku Klux Klan type organizations, but public state• civil riehts workersand Blacks. two groups. Whether Sullivan welcomed this increase in ten sion and hoped that some Panther would die, is yet to be mentsand newsreports contradicth is claim. P1y-war Al Magnum Justice At least one Ku Klux Klan "klavern" was establishedby the proved. What is known is that the Los Angeles Police Depart• Bureauand composed entirelyof FBI informants. This klavem The FBI was fu11y cognizant of the potential for violence as ment liaison with the FBI, William Hynes, was directing the a consequence of the counterintelligence program. In the case actions of an undercover informant named Louis Tackwood. was supposedto attract both unorganized and potential KKK The Glasshouse Tapes. · adherants as well as membersof other Klaverns who were dis• of the Black Panther Party (BPP), it appears that l'iolence was Tackwood claimed, in his book, thal sati_sfied with other Klan groups. It was hoped that the use of the desired result ofCOINTELPRO actions. By provoking con he was acting as a liaison between the police and US, and that notional klal'erns.would eventually create a situation where frontationsbetween the Panthers and either the policeor other the LAPD armed the United Slaves. large number of United Klans of America members would political groups, the Bureau was able to "neutralize" the At the time of the FBI memos about aggravating tension leave_ and �raillthe strength of the group. Panthers without direct complicity - a standard intelligence between the two Black groups, the Black Student Union at It ts believed by many Bureau critics that as many as six technique known as the use of a "cut out" (third party) or UCLA was preparing for the election of a new president. Ron phony "Mao-ist" groups were set up by the FBI in its COIN "maintaining plausible denial." Karanga, head of US, was supporting one of his loyalists. TELPRO-New Left activities. Only. two have been definitely Even the Senate SelectCommittee, in their special COIN Black Panthers Bunchy Carter and John Huggins were advo• e t refuses to comment on the possibility TELPRO report, had to admit that such activities "involved eating a delay in the election until other candidates could be :�:�!! :'!e !:!:. risk of serious bodilyinjury or death to the targets." It is not found. The Carter-Huggins position was gaining within the In New Orleans, FBI husband-wife team Jill and Gi Schafer just risk, it is fact, that members of the Black Panther Party Union when a meeting was called forJanuary 17, 1969. were paid S10,000 peryear for their services, which included found violence was integral tQ COINTELPROactions against At the meeting the US position suffered a setback. As the the founding of the Red Star CoUective. The Schafers used them; psy-war took on the characteristic of Magnum Justice students began to leave the dining room in Campbell Hall, �he Re_dStar Collecti!e as a basefor a wide range of activities, towards the Black Panther Party. membersof US pulled out guns and shot the two young Pan mcludmg a trip to Chma forJill. Manipulating policeand rival political factions like markers then. on a Monopoly gameboard, the FBI used their psychological While it cannot be proved that any law enforcement officer Gi Schafer used hii credentials to visit Paris and attend a ordered meeting between anti-war activists and representatives of the warfare techniques to "neutralize" the Black Panthers in the actually the killing, the fact remains that the FBI f?emocratic Republicof Vietnam and the Provisional Revolu most brutal sense of the word. Documentation presented to knew they were fueling a fire when they increased tension be FBI: Crooks with Badgas tionary Government of South Vietnam. He later went to the Senate Select Committee on. Intelligence and as evidence tween US and the Panthers through their subtle methods of psy-war. The FBI realized part of its goals with the death of Although not offlclally listed as countar Wounded Knee during the 71 day confrontation between in a civil suit over the death of Fred Hampton and Mark Clark Oglala Sioux and the U.S. government. He was asked to leave show that the Bureau's approach to the Panthers was one .of Carter and Huggins: Two potential leaders of the Panthers intelligence activities, the FBI has engaged In being at war. Even the Senate SelectCommittee investigators were "neutralized" before they rec1ched their goals. and the criminal actions In the name of national because Wounded Knee support people began to suspect him of being an agent. felt that the tone of COINTELPRO memos relating to Blacks work of the Panthers·was set back by their loss. security. In their operations' against the The RedStar Cad�e was another notional group established and the New Left were worthy of comment. Minority counsel As Paul Jacobs pointed out recently in the Los Angeles Socialist Workers Party, the FBI engaged In by the FBI in Tampa, Florida. InformantJoseph Burton was Curtis Smothers told the senators: Tim es, "morally the FBI must share the responsibility forhis 92 burglaries of SWP New York offices In the · res_Ponsible for establishing the group after he had attempted ''The rhetoric of the Buretlll, - a,these programs advanced (Carter's) death, for the bureau now admits that it fomented period of 1960- 1966,or an average of one bur to mfiltratethe 1!nited Electrical Workers. Using FBI money, from the initial program relating to the Co mmunist Party, dissension and fiercefighting between US and the Black Pan glary everysix end a half weeks. Bu�?n ?peneda Junk shop that-became a centerfor Mol'ement USA to the ultimate programs of Black Nationalilt and New thers." Other criminal actions included malt theft activity m the Tampa Bay area. Left - became tougher and tougher, and What began a.s ff e · The aggravationof tension between the Panthers and US did and mall opening and the use of electronlc fo ru to di.srupt- the wordu.sedfor the Communi1t Party, and not slop when Carter and Huggins were murdered. Eight FBI Provoked Violence in the ca,e of the Klan, 1ome indication that they genuinely surveillance without court authorization 118 months and one day aftertheir death, the San Diego Field Of· were looking after ¥iolenctt and not ,imply to de1troy the fice sent a memo to Washington that stated: separate bugs and wiretaps against Dr. Psychological warfare is generally considered to be a non groups - became in the aue of the Black Nationalist and New "Shooting 1, beatings. and a high degree of unre,t continue, MartinLuther King alonel. violent activity. Anthropologist Margaret Mead has defined Left . .. the mo,t extreme rhetoric of a plan to de1troy poli· to prew,il in the ghetto area of southetut San Diego. Although So far, no Bureau official or Special Agent psy-war as one of the "forms of conflict in which the killing tical prote1tgroups that you could imagine• .•••• no specific counterintelligence action can be credited with has been Indicted for the activities. of people is not sanctioned." While it is true that the COIN contributing to thiJ o¥erallsituation, it is felt that a substantial TELPRO actions were Provoking viotence through psy-war and "cut-outs" can be not violent in their own, the results of documented in three separate operations around the Black amount of this unrest is directly attributable lO this progrum. " FBI COINTELPRO actions were sometimes very violent especiallyagainst Blacks. Panther Party. One was the attempt by the Bureau to intensify Anti-PantherProgram "Revised" the factional differences betweenthe Panthers and the United FBI informant Gary Thomas Rowe .,;.as a participant in After San Diego Panther Oifford Bell was shot to death, the process when they so desired. FBI agents visited candidates COINTELPRO Slaves (US). Thesecond was theattempts to pit the Blackstone activities against the Ku Klux Klan. On two Rangen, a Oiicagostreet gang, against the Panthen; the third San Diego Field Office told Washington that is was consid and red-baitedcampaign workers who did not conform to the sepa.�te �asions, he was told �Bi's concept of an acceptable American. Judges and grand by his Bureau supervisors lo case called foran FBI-instigated raid on the Oiicago Panther ering revising its black propaganda and suggested "a new part1c1p�te tn beatings of civil rights workers in Alabama. The cartoon (be) considered in the hopes that it will assist in the Jury foremen were shown confidential reports on an "off the Bureau Justified headquarters that led to the assassination of Fred Hampton the action by telling Rowe that it was neces and Mark Cark. continuance of the riftbetween the Panthers and US.•• Sullivan record" basis in hopes cif affecting their decisions in legal sary forhim to build and maintain matters.No instit�tion, the press,the electoral process and the his cover within the Klan. On NDl'ember 25, 1968, a Sullivan/Hoover memo was sent an4 Hooverapproved the idea. The FBI had derogatory wall Rowe onceinformed the FBI sevendays in advance that the posters printed and plastered up around the ghetto. legal system were immune from manipulationby the FBI. John �Ian would attack to FBI field officesparticipating in the COINTELPRO-Black Blacks at a county fair. The FBI did not Nationalist program. It statedin part: The same tactic, pitting Black against Black, was attempted Edgar Hooverdeclared himself the political censor of America tnten:eneto prevent the and the counterintelligence program was his vehicle for silenc: beatings fr�m occurring. On a second "For the information of recipient off ices a serio111 struggle i.s by the FBI in Oticago. When Fred Hampton and the Chicago occasion, Rowe gave three weeks notice that "Freedom Riders" talcing place between the Black Panther Party (BPP) and the Panthers beganto talk with street gangs about common goals CounterSpy. Spring 1976 28 Spring· 1976, CounterSpy 29 been turned over to the plaintiffs, most of which remains under Kelley did· not volunteer any information about "intensive officer, FBI Special Agent Roy Mitchell, the COINTELPRO a court-ordered seat Some of the information that has coffle investigations" or any other aspect of domestic counterintelli coordinator forthe Chicago office. out in court has been very damaging, especially an FBI map of gence. Not one Senator had the courage to confront Kelley on Between March and December, 1969, police conducted 16 the Panther apartment with Hampton's bed marked with an X. this, or to probe him with questions on how the over $4.3 mil raids against Panther officesand apartments in over ten cities. As with Bunchy Carter and John Huggins, the FBI's COIN lion would be"spellt.The Appropriations Committeekept Mr. Three of those raids occurred in Chicago. inc.luding the one TELPRO must shoulder the blame for the death of Oark and Kelley before them for the shortest possible time and said
that led to the deaths of Hampton and Clark. The chronology Hampton. The raid was not an acc;ident; the targeting of nothing to challenge his statements, just as they did with of events leading to that final raid is complex, but several Hampton was deliberate because he had the potentialfor being Hoover when he was Director. major events stand out: something Hoover greatly feared, a Black "messiah". Hamp When the first COJNTELPRO was established, the threat of June 4, 1969: FBJ Special Agent In Charge of the Chicago ton was a "danger" because he had begun to forge alliances domestic communism was used to justify the program. Today, Field Office, Marlin Johnson, leads a raid on the Chicago betweenthe Panthers and poor Appalachian White and Puerto the government is touting a new enemy, a new rationale for Panther Office. Before entering the offices, the FBI announced Ricans. Such dangers had to be countered by the Bureau, and repression, just as they used the Red Scare of the 19.SO's. That their intention and meets no resistance. Money and lists of COINTELPRO provided the most effective vehicle for doing new threat, of course, is terrorism, contributors are seized, eight Panthers arrested. All charges so. As formerAttorney General Sube pointedout, the COIN There are many other· questions that the American peopte are later dropped. telpro tactic of advising local police of intelligence in hopes of must face. We would be a naive people ifwe really believed that July16, 1969: Chicago Police and two Panthers are involved fomenting an arrest was a common and perfectly legal tactic, the worst of these abuses of power have concluded. Call it psy in a shoot-out. One Panther is killed, the second arrested. notwithstanding an effective "neutralization" tactic. war or COINTELPRO, the fact remains that the FBI's war Charges are later dropped. against those labeled political enemies, continues today. July JI,' 1969: A second police-Panther shoot-out. Five CurrentCoanterlntelllgenee Judging from the recent events on the Pine Ridge Reservation, policemen wounded, three Panthers arrested. All charges later On April 28, 1971, just six weeks after the Media break-in, the viciousness that the FBI once displayed against the Pan dropped. J. Edgar Hoover ordered the FBI to terminate COINTEL thers has now been re-focused on the American Indian Move Octo#Hr 16, 1969: A second raid on the Panther headquar PRO for security reasons. In a carefully worded order to the ment. Who's next after AIM? ters leads to the arrest of six Panthers for attempted murder. field offices, Hoover made it clear that the FBI was not aban ■ All charges were later dropped. doning the use of psychological warfare tactics; all that was Narem#Ht 13, 1969: Another shoot-out between the police affected by the order was the reporting and supervision system and the Panthers leaves two policemen and one Panther dead. established by Sullivan. In that order, Hoover instructed his See ElaliaeBrown'• commentary on the Senate Committee's The dead. Panther, Spurgeon Jake Winters, is alleged to have agents that: report, on COINTELPRO's 1oal to destroy the Black Panther fired the first shot. '1n exceptional i"mtance, when i't U comidered counter Party(paae 3). On November 21, 1969, the FBI approached the Chicago intelligence U warranted, recommendation& 1hould be 1ub police and suggested another t"aid on the Panther headquar mitted to the Bureau under the indiYidual can caption to An FBI COINTELPROcutoon produced and clrcalated ters. Informant O'Neal told his' case officer that there was a which it pertainJ. Tbae recommendatiom will be con1idft'ed le ...... ,.the two Blackorpalzallona. stockpile of weapons in the apartment-headquarters at 2337 on an individual ba1U. " West Monroe St.; and although the \nformation indicated that Under these new guidelines, a Special Agent who desired to the weapons were all legally obtained, the policeplanned a raid disrupt the activities of, forexample, Women's Strike for Peace and work, the FBI moved swiftly to prevent one of Hoover's for November 25th. On November 23rd the raid was cancelled would submit his ideas to Sullivan under the regular routing greatest fears, the coalition of militant Black organizations. To when O'Neal reported that the weapons had been removed system for all reports on Women's Strike. By changing the keep distance between the two groups,the Chicago Field Office becausethe Panthers had heard of the impending raid. reporting system, the FBI was able to state truthfully that the
suggested that tensions between the Panthers and the Black• On December 1, the FBI contacted the Special Prosecutions Counterintelligence Programs had been abolished and even stone Rangers be further aggravated through a bit of black Office of the Illinois State Attorney and informed them that produce the appropriate memos to support their claims, and propaganda. On January 30. 1969, Sullivan authorized the the weapons had been returned. On l)ecember 2, a raid was still have the option of using the techniques and tactics when Chicago office to send the following anonymous letter to planned forthe evening of the 3rd. to be led by State's Attorney they so desired. Ranger leader Jeff Fort: Edward Hanrahan. Sgt. Daniel Groth of the Chicago Police Therehave yet to be any exposures of continued use of coun-·
Brotl,erJeff, Department was in charge of the 14 officers assigned to the terintelligence techniques other than a few statements by I'veJpent 1ome time with 1ome Panther friends on the we.st raid. Joseph Burton, who claims he was involved with COINTEt.. side latelyand I know what·., been going on. The brother, that Groth and Hanrahan decided to raid the house at 8:00�.rn. PRO type disruptions right up to the time he quit the FBI in run the Panther, blame youfor blocking their thing and their'.r on December 3. When they learned that the apartment would 1974. suppo1ed to be a hit out for you. I'm not a Panther, or a be empty, tbey changed their time to 4:45 a.m. on December 4. Loi A.ngeluTime, reporterNania Zaccino reported on Sept. Ranger. just Black. From what I 1ee thae PantherJare out for Had the raid occurred during the Panther absence, the illegal 22, 197S, that an FBI official had admitted to her that counter thenuel-.-u not black people. I think you ought to know what weapons the police c1airned were inside the apartment could intelligence activities were continuing, but the official refused they're up to, I know what I'd do ifI wa,you. You might hear have been confiscated without confrontation. to divulge the name appliedto counterintelligenceactivities. fromme again. In p1anning for the attack, Groth and Hanrahan armed their Investigatorsfor the Senate SelectCommittee on Intelligence A black brother you don 't know men with a Thompson sub-maching gun, an automatic car• had slightly more luck than Zaccino. In the course of their
When Chicago suggested the Jetter on January 13, 1969, they bine, five sbotguns, .38 specials and .357 magnums, No pro work, they were able to identify the title applied to current I noted that, for the Rangers, "violent type activity, shootingand visions were made for outside lighting, tear-gas, or even prior counterintelligence efforts - inte,uive invatigatiom. If they the like, are second nature.. . The Chicago office recommended surveillanceof the building. discoveredmore than a name, they did not reveal it during the against using the tactic in reverse (a fake Ranger letter to the At the appointedhour, they struck; 98 shots were fired, only course of public hearings, other than official explanations for Panthers) because the Panthers were not considered to be as one from a Panther weapon. As ballistics would later show, it the need to continue such work. violent as the Rangen. Theintent of this memo is clear: if the was impossible for the first shot to have been tired by Mark The shortcomings of Congressional oversight over the FBI letter went to the Rangers, people may be shot: .if it went to the Clark. During the course of .the tiring, the bullets tired into became. obvious when FBI Director aarence Kelley appeared Panthers, the desired results may not have been realized. In Hampton's bed shook the mattress as Deborah Johnson tried before the Senate Appropriations Committee last winter. any event, the tactic failed to get Fred Hampton killed, so to cover Hampton's body. Hampton never had a chance that During his appearance to ask for continued FBI funding, another technique was used to neutralize the Panthen in evening; an independent autopsy later revealed a large quan KeUey told the Senators that a large number of Soviet bloc Chicago. tity of barbiturates in his stomach. Hampton was not a drug intelligence officers were operating within the United States. The FBI managed to place an informant within the Panther user. Kelley asked the Committee to approve a budget that con organization named William O'Neal. O'Neal worked his way Currently, the families of Fred Hampton and Mark Clark tained authorization for S4,350,000 for counterintelligence through the organization and was finally assigned the job of and the sunivors of the December 4th raid are sueing the activities. Under that authorization, the FBI would increase its bodyguard to Hampton, who was the Illinois State Chairman. Federal, Illinois State, and Chicago aU.thorities in a $47 million counterintelligencestaff by 250 people. O'Neal's activities were monitored and directed by his case "wrongful death" suit. A massive amount of information has Spring 1976, Counterspy 31 30 CounterSpy, Sprins 1976 Mis.r America Pageant last September in Atlantic City, said In fact, the Senate report exposes the use of women, as tools the prate.it was aimed at "the commerciality of the Bridal Fair of the government to spy not only on women but other social and the institution of marriage a.rit exi!ltSin thi.rculture to de· change organizations. Mary Jo Cook is a typical paid multi• 'I - humanize both parties but e.rpl!cially, to oppress women." purpose informant. While in the employ of the FBI to collect /Name deleted) on (date deleted) 1969, furnished information information on the Vietnam Veterans Against the War and its
to the effect that (name deleted) was in the forefront of the Attica Defense Committee, Mary Jo helped organize a confer principal organizers of WITCHES and wa.r veryinstrumental ence and rally for International Women's Day; she partic in its succu.r. " ipated in a consciousness-raising group with VV AW women; Informants were not just limited to "radical" women's she took two courses at a Women's Studies School; she was groups. The Senate report documents investigations of the Bal the telephone contact for the MildredPrim DefenseCommittee timore Women's Liberation Movement, which the FBI de· and one of the telephone contacts for Sisters of Sappho, a lo scribed as a "group therapy session." The memo continued in cal lesbian organization. According to her testimony before its description: the Senate Select Committee. over a 1½ year period she was
Along with this, they (the wome,1) wanted a purpose and that able to turn over information on as many as 1,000 people con• was to free women from the hum·drum existence of being only nected with the VVA W /WSO alone: a wife ,md mother. They wanted equal opportunities that men ... I was to be, you know - they used words like, "Be a have in work and in society.Th ey wanted their husband., to voice of reason, be a big sister. be .sort of a guiding force in the .sharein the housework and in rearing their children. They abo organization and keep things calm, cool, and collected. " That wanted to go out and work in whatel'f!rkind of job.r they want· .rounded like a legitimate thing to do. 10 I agreed to work for LNS/cpf ed and not be discriminated against a.r women. (Included in' the FBI...• the file ir a leaflet describing a publication of the Baltimore I wu.rto go to meetings, write up reporti, or phone in reports women,''Women: A Journal of Liberation." on what happened, who was there, in .some way to try to totally An FBI analysis of the group, which was sent to FBI head identifythe background of every person there, what their rela· quarters, and again, to three military agencies concluded that Women's Liberation-A SubversiveAct? tionship.rwere, who theywere living with, who they were sleep the Baltimore women had nothing to do with violence, sub ing with, to tryto get .rome sen.re of the local structure and the For the first time, there is documentation that the FBI has informers' reports--minus names, and presumably "security version, or extremism, but still, "We will continue to follow local relationship, among the people in the organization. and watched both liberal and radical women's groups since the be information"-allfrom the year 1969. reportthe activities of the Women's Liberation Movement. In a statement to the Senate Committee, Mary Jo makes a ginnings of the women's liberationmovement in 1969.Accord The FBI divided the feminist movement into two groups, In a news release the staffof "Women" charge the FBI with righteous apology for her involvement in the "big sister" pro gross ing to the report of the Senate Select Committee on Intelli radicals and liberals.From the New York memo: violation of their rights: "Our phones have been tapped, gram. gence. J. Edgar Hoover saw a threat of subvenion in women The liberal grouppreache, the neces,ity of doing away with our mail has been opened, we've been followed, our houses In my family, being a .ri.rter is a .reriou.r and loving commit have been watched, and our groups have beeninfiltrated. " ment demonstrating and orsanizing around their sexual oppression male chauvinism and the complete equalityof women, but they to other human beings.I make this commitment to and struggles forequality. feel that thiJ.should be done within the .framework of existing Although COINTELPRO nominally terminated in 1971, VVAWIWSO unaware that the FBI had no intention.sof hon the The FBI began its file labelled, "Women's Liberation Move in.rtitution.r.The basic differencebetween them and the radical documents do not reveal when surveillance of the Women's oring it. The more I understood and defined VVA W/WSO ment," in early 1969 at the request of the New York City FBI group U that the radicals state that male chauvinism U a di Liberation Movement ended, and there is ev"ery indication that
32 Cou�terSpy, Spring 1976 Spring 1976, Counterspy 33 State driver's licenses, acknowledged to be today's moSt VOTINGINDMDUALAND ORGANIZATION 1 significa�t ID would now include a photograph and would r l be cross_-mdexed to all states; individuals would no longer be AmerlcaaA■■oclallon for Vital Departmentof Jmtlee able to apply for more than one license. R...,rd■and Pablle Health Criminal Dhl■lon ffCfl: FACFI m�mbers intent on locking up false identity offenders Statl■tle■ Mr. David J. Muchow we!e much m favor of delaying the release of an individual on Mr. Irvin G. Franzen (Pres.) Trfal Attorney b�d or parole, long enough to enable the authorities to ascer AmericanAuoclatloa of Motor General Crimes Section Card !•m wh�t.her or �ot the arrested person is using a false JD, or VehicleAdmlnl■traton Mr. Roy Tesler U.S. Pushes National ID 1t1ve. This proposal, of course, is potentially unconsti- Mr. Arthur A. Tritsch, :� � �:i Government Integrity Unit t o . "Application for such a card is seen as purely voluntary : Director General Crimes Section A national identificationcard, as well as SJ other "proposed Theproposal that got the most- laughs was one to use televi most people would probably get the card as an aid to cashing . AmerlcaaHaakon Auoelatlon Criminal Division solutions" to the problems of false identification, illegal immi sion_ and radio �o assist in apprehension of fugitives. It involved checks. An-imurance program could be 1et up to indemnify Mr. Hollis Bowen Mr. Stephen M. Weglian gration, drug smuggling, fugitives, welfare abuse and check g�t!mg t�e pohce together with TV producers (an already fa. fraud losses resulting when JD card was used and properly Director,Insurance Trial Attorney fraudare under debate by the Federal Adviso Committeeon mtha� pair that has coordinated over 35 cop shows for Ameri ry recorded on the check or other instrument; this would provide and Protection Division False Identification (FACFI). The national ID Card proposal Securities Unit a positive incentive to use the card, rather tl!an a less secure ca_n vtewersho_prepare "guest shots" of real cops talking about American&pn■■ Company General Crimes Section Jost this year's round mainly because FACFI couldn't find the document,as a primary identifier. Further incentive to obtain crime prevention and describing fugitives. Some members state or federal authority to do it yet, the "problem" wasn't Mr. Andrew F, Phelan Criminal Division the card would be set up if the Federal government would ac comme�ted that. ','�his has. already been tried on a program great enough, and admittedly "public acceptance would a Vice President Mr. Douglas H. Westbrook be cept only the card for verification of identity in applying for called Your FBI and faded. Others thought it would be educationaljob." Corporate Security Trial Attorney maS5ive privileges, benefits,or government employment." ry ) dangerous to encourage citizens to become amateur detec (volunta ? Inspector's General Crimes Section A voluntary authority of about 80 men, FACF[ is politically "Actions required: Draft the appropriate Federal or Model tives. Office homogeneous;.controversies rage over practical issues such as State Legislation." (emphasisadded throughout) Other fav�rable proposals were: a national clearinghouse Mr. GeorgeBerlinger Department of State cost effectiveness and public tolerance, but there h; no dispute The national ID Card procedure is common to many police for false ID information; closing access to vital statistics rec Banau ofEnara•lna Officeof Security over civi1 liberty or constitutional violations. FACFl's chair states, most notably, the Republic of SouthAfrica, where black ords; st_ricter I? standards for social security applicants; and Prlnllna Mr. James Dandridge man is David Muchow, a trial lawyer from the Criminal Divi citizens must obey "pass laws" by showing sophisticatediden and an mtemat1onal conference on false identification to be Mr. CharlesR. Holmgren Mr. James K. Moore sion of the Department of Justice. Its secretary is Schroe gin standardization of identity! Emil tity cards to policewherever they go. The card must becarried international Assistant to Chief, Officeof Soc:nt81Jof State der, a high-ranking FBI official. Membership includes rep Their object is clearly not to tackle major crimes-certainly at all times; it is imprinted with the bearer's personal back Research & Tech. Services Paa rt om.. resentatives from most of the likely government agencies, such not organized crime or white-collar crime-but to attack poor po ground data and photograph. Riots and demonstrations pro Dam■ lnferaatloaal Mr. William E. Duggan as the DEA, Immigration and Naturalization Service, the people, undocument1:d workers. welfare recipients, social se testing these laws have continued over the years in South ln-laatlonBureau DeputyDirector forLegal FBI, the Law Enforcement AssistanceAdministration (LEAA), Africa. In South Vietnam, under the Thieu regime, ID cards curity beneficiaries and food stamp users. Perhaps the forces Mr. Harry T. Mahoney and SecurityAffairs as well u a couple of unidentified individuals TCpresenting the were useful under the CIA 's assassination operation, the of "law and order" represented in FACFI hope that they can (SeeFACFILlst) Manager Investigations Mr. John O'Dowd CIA. "Phoenix Program". play on fear to gain public acceptance of one of the greatest CaliforniaDepartment Representing private interests are the Burns International All the proposals that FACFI did recommend were steps in toolsof government oppression-a national ID card. of Mr. William B. Wharton Investigative Bureau, American Express Co., Sears Roebuck Health the direction of national ID cards. They have also recom• Check the Federal Register for the next FACFI meeting. Chief, Legal Division & Co., and some public spirited groups such as the National Mr. Roger Smith mended they be re-chartered for another year to guarantee The public is invited. Passport Office Sheriffs' Association, the International Association of Police Assistant Olief �hat the push for national JD cards persists. Departmentof State Vital Statistics Section Chiefs, and Interpol, the international private police force The Alien ID,Card will be complete with photographs, fin MEMBERSIUP Vl■a Office operatingout of the U.S. Treasury Department. gerprints and "encrypted personal information" which coukl FEDERAL ADVISORY COMMITI'EEON FALSE Council of State�•emm.enta Mrs. Dena Cunningham FACFI has met more than a dozen in the past year to times technically cafry the bearer's entire criminal history, family IDENTIFICATION -DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Mr. Charles Whitemire Management Analyst Officer pour over bulging packets of proposals. Comments, arguments background, political sentiments, as well as identity data. In Special Assistant forand against, actions necessa to implementation, and legal Oudrmaa Mr. Ernest B. Dane ry about a year, the U.S. Department of Agriculture will begin Ca■tam■ Sonlee questions are presented for each proposal before a final vote. Mr. David J. Muchow Management Analyst Officer using the same ID cards for food stamp usen. The proposal Mr. Albert Seeley Some proposals are generally acceptable, others generally re Department of Justice Mr. Coradino E. Gatti foruniform ID standards for welfare users suggests"that offi Chief, Special Investigations jected (these include all proposals to ..take no action"), and Co-Cl,■lpnan Counselor Officer cial identity documents be required for all family members at Officeof Investigations , roo still othen are controversial. The National ID Card proposal, the time of welfare applications. . Mr. DouglasH. Westb k Departmentof Trauportatlon Depar-ntof A1rleultme fell into this last category. 1be proposal went something Departmentof Justite Mr. Frank Altobelli, Chief Mr. Paul D. Lamberth like this: See..tary Licensing & Adjudication ''This solution proposesthat use all of the technology SupervisoryCriminal we we Mr. Emil L. Schroeder Division currently possess to mate one docuttlent that is a foolproof Fed. Bureau of Investigation Investigator National Highway Traffic verification of identity and only thaL The document would Officeof Investigations SafetyAdministration contain only information which could be to verify the per used Mr. Robert E. Magee Mr. William T. Deeter,Jr. sonal identity of the bearer. Furthermore, no non-identity Assistant Director DeputyDirector of Investi information would bemaintained in any files, f kept or the pur TASK FORCES Performance & Controls gations and Security po,a of renewing or updatingthe card. Officeof Investigations ''The card could be issued by the state or federal government GoYernmentPayments Fueltlvea Mr. A. James Latchaw Departmentof Commerce or by some pe One interesting suggestion Mr. Carl B. Williamllo Mr. Emil L. Schroeder Licensing & Adjudication inde ndent agency. is Mr. Norris A. Lynch that the U.S. Postal Service, with its universally available of RobertB. Carleson & As Fed. Bureau of Investigation Division Director, Consumer Goods fices, relative inde ndence from law enforcement. communi sociates,Inc. Federal Identification National Highway Traffic pe & ServicesDivision cations resources, and strict regulation under Federal law, act Mr. Lawrence). Love Document. Safety Administration as the issuing agency forthe national identity document. Departmentof HEW Mr. William E. Duggan Mr. LarryL. Brookhart Departmentof Tnuwy "The major technical problem in such a scheme would ap CommerclalTramactlona Passport Office Program Coordinator Mr. James B. Oawson Consumer Goods& Services pearto be the verification of identity of an applicant forsuch a Mr. Nathaniel K. Kossa�k State and Local ldentlflcatlon DeputyAssistant Secretary Division secure document. It is proposed that the standards for source National District Attorneys Document, Enforcementand Operations documents for the National ID card, bethe same as for a U.S. Association Mr. Loren Chancellor o...... -,.t of Defeme Dl11rlctof Columbia,Dept. passport (which requires data on the bearer's political senti Mr. Hollis Bowers Department of HEW Mr. Edgar J. Betharf of HumanReaource, ments). The card would require renewal after a maximum of DefenseInvestigation American Bankers Assoc. Mr. George A. Gay Mr. John H. Crandall, Chief five years. The fees charged for original application and re Program Office Cantinuedon p. 37 newal should cover the costs involved."' Department of HEW
34 CounterSpy, Spring 1976 Spring 1976, CounterSpy 3S One): Terrorist "That Indian Reservations shall not FACFI continuedjromp.35 lmmJaradonand Na tanJ... . -.,.Utan lloud ofTnde s..n, --Com • be enlarged by boundary changes, by Dru1�tAdmlnll- 11onSonke Mr. LeonardKolodny Mr. Paul B. Otapman Information gfants, by the power of eminent domain, Mr. Ronald J. Grill Manager, Retail Bureau National SecurityManager or by any other means. -•Mr. John W. Starke O.ief. Systems PlanningStaff MelnpolllanPollc:e Dep� Securllleo Exc:lum.. Special Agent Project "That the jurisdiction of tribal gov Officeof Planning & Wuhlnston,ll.C, Commlooloa DomesticInvestigations Div. ernments over non-members of the tribe, �aluation Lt.Kenneth V. Moreland Mr. Ira H. Pearce TIP who have no vote or voice in tribal gov FedenlA •lallon Admlab Mr. E.G. Webster Criminal InvestigationDiv. Divisionof Enforcement ernment, should be prohibited. lrallon Program Manager, ADIT Notloml Auodatlonof Securtt, In- Card Mr. DonaldWiseman System "That members of Indian tribes s-rta..Dealon,Jnc. should not have the right to paa:ticipate Special Agent Office of the Deputy Mr. DavidP. Parina Mr. Roberti. Scully in non-tribal governments unless they Officeof Investigation and Commissioner ResearchAnalyst -Assistant Vice President original treaty lands which ;,,_.ere opened are subject to the laws and responsibil Security Mr. Kellog Wittick to homesteading in 1905."The systemat· Dept.of Regulatory Policy Solectt... Sonke s,. StaffInvestigator General Backlashto Indian ic loss of Indian life and livelihood - ities of that non-tribal government. Feel,Bunau of ln-..itoa and Procedure Mr. Peter T. Straub Investigations Fraud Unit not to mention Indian rights as sover "That grants of public funds to any Mr. Emil L. Schroeder Mr. Frank J. Wilson General Counsel Sovereignty group of people based upon their race eign nations - are camouflaged by the Floridalllpwa1 Pa trol lnaoraac:eInformation SeniorVice President SocialSecurltJ Admlnlslratloa and denial of public funds to other Congress, whose members have • u U. J.S. McKinnon lmtllale Regulation Mr. PeterA. Di Rito againrt Indian . � A white backlash mulated huge fortunes by expropnatmg groups because of their race must be Assistant Supervisor Mr. FrederickD. Watkins been organized Notloml Dl■lrlct Attorne11 U.S.CoutGau,1 claims to sovereignty has and exploiting Indian lands and resourc• prohibited.'' Investigations Chairman into a 12-state coalition to promote the "The purpose of the organization is Mr. Thomas Campbell es. Rather than leave Indian cou.ntry Giant Food,lac. lnlemalR....,ae Sonh:o Mr. DonaldFoster Otief,Security Bra:nch interests of wealthy agribusinessmen, to destroy Indian reservations.'' accord (as Indian custom would dictate to dissi Mr. Thomas Knig�ten Mr. LarryW. Boehm -Counsel and commercial fishermen liv ing to a South Dakota Indian Legal U.S.Postal Sonke ranchers dent factions within its borders) Con Intelligence Division EconomicCrime Project reservations in the General Credit Manager ing on or near Indian gress members are mustering their forc Services attorney, who has fought the Mr. Allen O. Peffer itself the �n HealthEducation and w.u. .. lnternallomlAaoclatlon Mr. Nathaniel E. Kossack west and mid-west. Callfng es and fortunes there to rob Indian peo local Civil Liberties for South Dako VlraJnlaSlale Civil Rights and Di.talonof Vital Slallllb ofa.te&ofPoUce Director terstate Congress on ple of the last remnants of sovereignty, tans, Inc. in two different jurisdictional �tofHealth group of right Mr. Loren Chancellor Mr. James A.F. Kelley EconomicCrime Project Responsibilities, the their land base and legal rights under cases. '"They just feel that Indian reser Mr. DeaneHuxtable closely linke� with John vations are no good, no help to anyone, Registration Methods Assistant Director NotlomlNotuy"-1allon State Registrar Vital wingers-all treaty. forces . . Branch Chief Research Division Mr. Raymond C. Rothman .i Birch, Klan and Posse Comitatus issue: A Frenchman ID Amenca not even the Indians." Statistics Lake The ,1 in their states-gathered in Salt as s/he While reservations are not officially Mr. George Gay Interpol President Ward, W1111amJ, !· i does not have the same rights in February under the sl opposed, Congress° national chairman Mr. LouisB. Sims City, Utah nsibil demanding to know the facts: Al Trimble, the Lakota Treaty Council equal rights and bear equal ly disbanded tribes. rights by treaty and law are beingwa ged ities under the law."' Disclaiming any A Colorado attorney warned: "'Ibey're day after day in the courts. has been acknowledged as the tradition al governing body on the Pine Rid but egalitarian concerns, one Congress really organized up there in Washing The Lakota Nation refuses to sell the ge member insisted: "We're not a bunch Who are the National Caucus of ton; they're vicously trying to abrogate sacred Black Hi11s for any amount of Reservation, with sole jurisdiction on of Indian haters. We're just interested treaty rights." money: Not only do the chiefs disdain treaty questions. Their vanguard fight in preventing discrimination.'' Labor Committees? The strength of the civil liberties of the government's bargain price - for recognition of the 1868Sioux Treaty "We will resist these foreign and alien fensive is yet to be seen. Their demand St7.S million (the declared value of the - waged amidst the terrorism of the governments taking jurisdiction over for "state jurisdiction" has definite land at the time of the taking) plus U.S. government and its puppet Dick non-Indians who have no voice," said backing from state officials like Utah $85 million in back rent -but they de• Wilson -directlychallenges the fraudu Floyd Ingraham, city attorney for the A thorough analyals of theNCLC/US Labor Party Assist«nt Attorney General Wright mand: lent claims of the Interstate Congress reservation community of who "If the U.S. Government wants to for Civil Rights and Responsibilities. Flathead has been prepared by the Terrorist Information Project (TIPI of Volker, attended the founding con• Ronan, Montana and a member of Mon• ference. and South Dakota Attorney lease the Black Hills we can talk about The tag of "civil rights" is no cloud for tanans Against Discrimination (MAD). the Fifth Estate, complllng years of study by NCLC-watchar• General William Janklow, who more it, but any lease must be agreed to by the historical issue at hand: white man's "It's not hard to see what mischief can In Europe and America. than once has tried illegally to move in three-fourths majority of the foll blood greedfor control of Indian lands. be worked by tribal councils over people to restore "law and order" on the Pine male Indians in accordance with the States repres«;nted in the Interstate who have no representation." Ridge reservation. Treaty of 1868. Congress are: Utah, Montana, South The Congress contends they "are just For the NCLC/USLP pamphlet, write: TIP, PO The federal government takes two "No offset. The U.S. Government Dakota, North Dakota, Nebraska, Nev trying to prevent tribal governments Box 647,.Ban Franklin Station, WBBhlngton, D.C. 20044. Sl.00 steps back for every step forward in killed all the game, including the buffa. ada, Arizona, California, Idaho, Wash• from extending their jurisdiction over treaty , .negotiations with traditional lo, deer, elk. ington, Minnesota and Wyoming.
Spring 1976, Counterspy 37 36 CounterSpy. Spring 1976 Red Weekly,tl,e organ of tlte International Marxist Group in London revealed on Marci, 4, that several changes occurred in the CIA Londonstation since earlier exposes of CIA activity. According to sources in the Embauy there, the chief ofthe secret office (SUSLOJ of tl,e National Security Agency and at /ea.,t fowtop officers of the CIA ha� #Hen replaced. Halfof the top-secret communicatioru .staffha� been mot1ed out and an attempt twll made to mask the existence of a special intelligence team. They a/10 rewaled that the CIA still maintained over 60 employea
'!,Itl,e Emba ssy. CounterSpy willexplore CIA operruions in Britain more thoroughly in future issues, especially the actiYities ofCIA Station Chief AROUNDTHE WORLD CordMeyer, Jr. and the CIA_i relation<ip tojournalists, military circles and politician&. CiA CIA In Zaire 11,isis the descriptionof the CIA headquarter1fromthe Red Weekly:
The CIA has groomed itJ relations with Mobuto Sese Seka of Zaire in order to Kenya establish a strong base in Kimhasafro m CIA HEADQUARTERS, LANGLEY, VIRGINIA MoreCIA In Africa William J. Oair which to coordinate other CIA opera� Frank D. Durfey tions in the Sub•saharan area. In the sbc In an informative article on April 2, James J. McGilvray ties, the CIA was instrumental in plac "!"'--· IMl'onbu1 notprhtol.ltly ft• /976, Liberacion, in Paris. publishedthe David J. Grottenhaler ing Mobutu's regime in power. Z.Oire WG1 • ______._-·1•y01-4HIOOO.,;,;; ....-.-,c-, -...... -••.. �L-..... � us __ A name, of the current CIA operative, in Liberia a strong base for the CIA. during the war 1 12,SDuthEMonl'l.-,IWII •; ·,_._ ...... _.,_._ ..._, __ . __ .....:=.=�=�==·�·-•11cre ...---... ,.,,,..,,,.,_11_381••·· lold._typ,a: ...Hen-.. llut rMIOffd _ ...... from .1 A ica. The article analy,edthe role of �1 fr Edward J. Carrol Ill in Angola. 1•16luuer-.Court,....,...S.,Ro.d, ,---- ,1 the CIA in Ghana, Nigeria. Kenya. . 74 per,oruwere mentioned as being in In our Winter 1976 issue we IUted the NWl-01·122310&1 Zaire, the frory Coast and Senegal with the telecommunicationa section of the names of 1ix CIA per1onnel in Kinsha.,a an examination of the methodologie& the CIA station. that Philip Agee, acting in solidarity CIA used in psychological manipulation Mall with African people's 1truggle.s for self• Offioe.t .. ..,_..USL.laho,iotfiaa ..... 'l'olldall u.no,-•.Offlcen Al•Tel-nlc.dons Offiot it.s of events through a11et1 in African Terrance Kauffers determination, relea1ed to the MPLA -�,, .....31 _,._ .....1.111 R00M452 l37Ci._llald.l1.JohntWood.NM ICIA London CommuriiatlonlCtntr•I governments and the media. Listedwere: Gerald G. Lindsay last January. •--1z...r.ChiM.u1.1'MIFi.tl, ,...,,__...... ,w1-212a1111. _, ....JREl'LACED�--. AOOM- Algeria Morocco The Black Panther Intercommunal llEf'LM:EO...... JPrb. "/l/dwf/L«--."-210-- John C. Beam, (former Chief of Station . I .l3,47,ar1ca-, ,..._,.,,,,,_.,,,ATOChlaf,u1.111 Edward R.M. Kane, Chiefof Station News Service, on March 13 and 27, •�Qllinl.JM..... 111 c.t2Honlcl �--.:.1 �I A,ll � W...,._OIIIIIHlll,NWI-Ul41041. Richard R. Haythorn in Burundi) revealed how the CIA itation in Kin· LN.N2-41lOIIII, JMttFKkl#¥,Roc111314,•t.11tllO"-k •aa.n..c---... 1. 1Nl2Mktdl.1illcl, NrG,..._.,,... l.781U7AC..--- ..,_,,Wl-41311104) 11¥,.WDooll,NWl--lmol. Terrance B. Rhodes Lyle A. Ditmer 1hasa expanded during the period of the ...... WIMlon:t...... -•:a 38 CounterSpy, Spring 1976 Spring 1976, CounterSpy 39 CiAAROUND THE WOIU.r ''a CIA program to recrui t Por tugue se imm i grants in Massachuse tts was headed by the Chappaquiddick D.A. '' Mercenaries Prepare to Invade Portugal Carl Michael Leadenor lhe rlabt-w.... Port- army(ELP) meedqIn the Portupae/Spanlob bonier town or llady,z, whereELP la and JulieBrooks bellffecl to have a mWtarybue. In theHotel Slmancu cafe, from left to rl1bh An unidentified maa, "Morpn" Guerin Serac (probably CIA), four more unidentifiedmen, and to thefar rlaht b: ''Cutor" or Hu1haCastor Franldln{allu J.S., HPepper", Jay SablOIIU1) theAmerican eJtben and another probably CIA agent. AlsoIn thepicture, but not Identified,are Samuel Lupi, Spinola in Portugal to plan fora simultaneous Angolan coup. the toreador who own, The t0.000-man "Army for the Libe�ation of Portugal" the farm when ELP train, lta: aoldlen, and Grecorlo Moreno Plclal, Lupi'■ friend who al10 often a The plan, on the African end, fell through as well, when the larptralnlns pnnd/farm (ELP). consisting of right-wing mercenan�s from �round the lo ELP. The meellnalook place In April 1975. (credit photo/ Manifesto) Portuguese could not come up with the half million dollars world. is prepared to invade Portugal from its base m southern for Michael Hoare. Hoare. leading mercenary in the Congo Spain, if the future Portuguese government does not appea!>e in the early 60s and at this time, was working out of South Af• Western interests. rica. where Spinola stops during his visits to Lausanne in Switzer By the end of last summer, 40 ELP is the military arm of General Antdnio de Spinola's some immigrants had been ELP was first revealed in March 1975 when Col. Corvacho, land. Bulhosa also lent financial help before April 25, 1974 recruited, trained and sent to Portugal DemocraticMovement for the Liberation of Portugal (MDLP). to execute "subversive then chief of staff of the military region of northern Portugal, to Mario Soares,• head of the moderate Portuguese Socialist actions." An earlier edition of Politique ELP's objective is ''to liberate Portugal fromMa �xism through Hebdo magazine re _ gave a press conference to announce the arrest of 13 ELP Party, which recently won th,e largest victory (35%) in the vealed that the campaign the use of political assassination, selecUve terronsm, sabotage. of the New Bedford Portuguese members.· At that press conference, Corvacho gave the code Portugueseelections. Times and the Newark Lu.soAmericano and psychological warfare."• against the escalation names "Castor" and "Morgan" as being two ELP leaders.' Manuel Vinhas, the owner of the large Angola beer company of communist totalitarianism in The MDLP was formed after Spinola's attempt to remove Portugal, was coordinated and added that ELP possessed two pirate radio stations in Cuca, is known for his close ties with the FNLA, with Mobutu with an effort by Rep. Ronald Sarasin the Armed Forces Movement from power in Portugal in Sep· (R.Conn) to organize Spain near the Portuguese border. At this time, no one had in Zaire, and with Spinola.• Portuguese authorities issued a a demonstration in front of the White tember 28. 1974. On that day Spinola gave the cue for the House and a letter cam connected Spinola's MDLP to its military branch, ELP. wanant for the arrest of Vinhas when he "visited" Spinola in paign to demand that the U.S. publicly neo•Salazarists right wing to come out of hiding. The rally condemn the Portu• Oearly unhappy wlth Col. Corvacho's revelations and com• Portugal just beforeSeptember 28, 1974.io guese regime.•J In Canada, the was announced for the "silent majority" to show its support Journal Portugc,is engaged munist tendencies, ELP successfully ousted him later. He was ELP is not limited to a coUection of right-wing officers in in a similar campaign... for Spinola,1 In the course of time, however, it became clear replaced by a right-wing general who took over law enforce• a formercolonial army. ELP recruits froma wide range of anti U.S.. News and World Report (Nov. that the proponents of a return to Salazarism were using the IO, 1975) reported that ment tasks in the north, ELP's stronghold in Portugal. communist sources which include Portuguese immigrants and "thousands" of armed anti-communist to precipitate an armed putsch. white Angolans had rally as a cover Portuguese-Americans in the United of the armed ELP was founded in September 1974. only a month after States, Israelis, Brazil returned to Portugal. Of the 80 some PlDE agents that es Information received by the security service ians, Cuban refugees, Spinola's defeat at a meeting in Paris. Present were Manuel white Angolan refugees, and former caped from a Portuguese prison. at least 45 forces indicated that arms were being stockpiled in Lisbon.] crossed the Spanish Vinhas, Manuel Bulhosa, Martin Soares, and a certain Zoio, agents of Dictator Salazar's secret policeforce PIDE. border and joined ELP.11 Costa Dias and ready to be didributed to demonstrators. and that groups of Santos E. Castro a Portuguese arms manuracturer. According to Politique Hebdo, 11 a CIA program to recruit formed the Orgnni1ation for the Promotion of Immigration. agitators intended to exploit the rally and foment an at Soares was a lawyer for such diverse clients as two Amer Portuguese immigrants went on in the Portuguesecommunitieti which has transported more than 150 "anti-communist mosphere of chaos and terror, thus giving the president of the volun• icana-Portuguese companies and the Movement for the Re• of Massachusetts, and particularly, New Bedford. The head of teers" from Brazil to ELP bases in Spain.•• In Israel. the republic a pretext for decl ring a �late of �mergency and as � . construction of the Proletarian Party (MRPP). MRPP adopts this program is said to be Atty. Edmund L. Dinis, who was Mapam party's European representative. total power . Despite this mformatton. the ar y ap Ely Ben Gal. has suming � born in the Azores, and been attempted coup faded. labels such as "maoist" but has aroused suspicion among who was the D.A. active in the Chap• recruiting "commandos" to be sent to Portugal." and pa.rently made no move. and Spinola's paquiddick incident even many journalists because of its heavily financed western-style involving Senator Edward Kennedy. approximately 100 "anti-Castro" Cubans have also arrived in The Jack of support for Spinola that day, destroyed 1 public relations campaign and its consistent attacks on the owns the only Portuguese-American radio station in the U.S., Portugal. • larger plans for the fall of 1974 . A meeting. •� consolida�e . _ - Portuguese communists. When Soares died in a car accident which heavily editorialized against the communist "totali Spinola's power in Portugal and instigate a m1htary coup m last year, his life insurance policy paid out a large sum of tarianism" developing in Portugal.11 Angola at the same time, took place in Portugal only a week . money which went to MRPP. When asked why he hadn't fulfi11ed certain promises made MDLP/ELP Leadership before the September rally in Lisbon.' The United Party of Bulhosa is a friend of a secret agent-journalist from France. to those Portuguese-Americans recruited in New Bedford. The leadership of ELP-MDLP Angola (UPA, the only white party in An�ola), elements of is fairly well known. The _ Dinis told Cou,,terSpy. "I have no recollection of Portuguese army mt m Angola and the named Dominique De Roux.• Bulhosa works with Sonap, a involvement 25 officers officially implicated in the military coup of March UNIT A, riMht-wing �. � _ at that level - I've never with Portuguese company, and with the French-Portuguese Bank' been involved with anybody involving II, 1975 and the IS officers that fled with Spinola to Spain famous professional mercenary. "Mad Mike Hoare, met 1 politics in Portugal." comprise most of the leadership. • MDLP is directed by its 40 CounterSpy. Spring 1976 Spring 1976, Counterspy 41 Centrai'lntelllgence President, Spinola, and a Directorat likely to consist of Costa to Portugal or to the ELP-MDLP bases in Spain. A recent Agency Dias, Dias De Lima, Santos E. Castro, and Alpoim Calvao. estimate put their strength at between 10,000 and 15,000 Costa Dias was a minister under Caetano and is considered armed men. to be head of this Directorat. Dias De Lima was the civilian The source of ELP's weapons is not yet entirely clear. There Equip./$$ from head of Spinola's staffbefore Sept. 28, 1974. Santos E. Castro, is one reliable source, however, who claims Portuguese fishing Foreign Inte ligence l Corporation, a former lieutenant/colonel In the Portuguese army, was ships docked in San Diego, and other California ports, are Right-Wing Groups Direct Support 20 Agencies FNLA's chief of staff. loaded up with newly manufactured M-16s and plastic ex- ITT (John McCone• USAI Christ the King Warriors (Spain) Alpoim Calvao, former Fregate Commander and )lead of . plosives. Fishermen there claimed the arms were "for our WorldArms Co. IUSAI Paladine !Spain) Agents In Lisbon Portugal IPIOEJ SERO the Naval police, declares himself to be "one of the three of brothers in Angola". It is speculated that arms were obtained BrazitISNU IDOPS) (Franco Famjly) United Portuguese of Angola Lawler, Morgan 11 San Diego ficials that direct MDLP", but denies any relation with ELP. at the Marine Corps Recruiting Depot (MCRD) in Spain ISEISI S0NAP (Portugal) FNLA !Angola! U.S. Ambassador in the same way that the right-wing Secret Army Organization Brown Boveri Co. !Germany) UNITA IAngolal What is certain, is that ELP and MDLP together form one lsraellMoasad) ng Frank Carlucci single right-wing· terrorist organization, within which ELP is (SAO) in that city, aS well as right-wing groups across the Germarw( BNOI CUCA !A ola,beer) "Mad Mike" Hoare (SDECE) Techno-Motor(SpatnJ (South Africa mercenary) Leadership ·specifically the military branch. Mexican border. obtained arms from sources at that depot.• France "Morgan", "Castor" The same source claims that organized crime is involved with 88flcod'AvDla ISpain) Prince Borgh888ISpainl ps Marine Depot (USAI the fishingshi . Recruitment ELP-MDLP bases are distributed according to their ob Polltlcal Parties/ " Leaders Portuguue/Ame rican Seven people were killed in jectives. As one member said, "For the North, there's no prob Edmund Dinis !Mass, USA) lem. It's already oun. But Lisbon ...Lisbon will be a mar SeseSako Mobutu (Zaire) Christian Democrat (Por tugal) PortugueseTimes IUSAI tyred city. We have to do away with those (communists) who the intensified violence that Center Democrat Soc. (Portugal) LuseAmericano (USAI have sold Portugal to imperialism."" Therefore, ELP-MDLP Bra.ill, Israel SocialistlPortugaJ) Cuban Angolan refugeH has plagued the Portuguese has concentrated most of its strength on the Spanish border Mapam (Israel) & toward the central and southern area of Portugal and on bases Christian DemocratUnion Leftsince lastsummer. '' at Salvatterra del Mino. Verin, Ayamonte, Tuy, and Sala (Germ1;1ny) manca . There have been numerous reports of ELP bombings in A training camp seems to have been established on the farm Portugaland theAzores. n On April 22, 1976, two Cubans were of Samuel Lupi, a famous Portuguese toreador (unidentified killed and four Portuguesecitizens were; seriously injured when in photo). He managed to rent his farm in Olivenca for twice the normal value of any Olivenca farm on the Portuguese a bomb exploded in the Cuban Embassy in Lisbon. That n e A bombing was associated with other pre-election violence that border. Nea rby, in Talavera le Real. Lupi's friend, Gregorio ....______--__,..,_ Spl ol 's rmy �_____, , has been directed at leftist political parties throughout Portu Moreno Pidal (unidentified in photo), owns a farm which has I MDLP/ELP II ga1. Before the legislative elections were held April 25, seven a common side with the military base where Spillola landed 11 people were killedin the intensifiedviolence that has plagued after fleeingPortugal on March 11, 1975. the Portuguese Left since last summer. The Left groups in Portugal immediately accused ELP-MDLP of planting the CorporadomSupport ELP Warrion" in Spain, a fanatical Catholic right-wing group Arilerica. For American security-managers, the sooner the bomb.0 with connections to SEIS.• Spi?ola _group is back in power, the better. Kissinger's three Th�e two Covisa companies are tied financially to Banco Recent information indicated that ELP troopsare under the Of course, the activities of ELP-MDLP would be impossible , options m Portugal are: command of Canto Cabuce and his "technical assistant" Jean without implicit support of the Spanish government and im d Avila, where such well-known fascists as Prince Borghese e.rtabilization: repeat the Chile policy used against Al- and former Nazis Otto Skorzeny and Herzogs Von Valencia· C:.!� Schramme. Cabuee, a former Portuguese lieutenant, left portant commercial financing.Most of the civilians already i held important interests. Skorzeay is the head of the terrorist Portugal after Sept. 28, 1974, passing through Angola and mentioned are directon of different banks •�d companies in olation: isolate Portugal, as the U.S. is doing now to organization Paladine, which acted as intermediary �tween J�:� South Africa, before arriving in Spain." In Spain, he was Europeor Africa.Many of thesecompanies arerelated to, or c ELP-MDLP and the American company Worldarmco, noted joined by Schramme, a Belgian mercenary who has previously are subsidiaries of, a financial empire controlled by Portu• pt>ly political pressure through normal dip- f?r its CIA co�nections in Phil Agee's CIA Diary, which as ! �r::::��=j�_� sold his servicesin the Congo, Katanga, Biafra,and Angola.t• gal's counterpart to Rockefeller,Antonio Olampalimaud.:uHe . lo a s�sted tn the shipment of an important quantity of "Skorpion" Schramme was once found guilty by a Belgian court for is considered to be the ..brain" behind the military coup of _ 1:hough man_y �erican analysts say Kissinger had adopted p1Stol-machme-guns . .,. Other equipment for ELP-MDLP was killing one of his mercenary aides while commandeeringMoise March 11, 1975.1t Vice Admiral Rosa Coutinho considers o_phon two, K1ssmger has been actively applying option one fshombe's Belgian Congo specia"I police forces in the early Olampalimaud- to be the boss of Spinola himself, and the he sent Frank Charles Carlucci III, to Lisbon in January person who would have benefitted mostfrom a neo-colonialist �;;;_ sixties. Phillip Saint Germain wrote a book about Schramme 11 " - a rightist work. As of August 1975, Schramme was work solution to Portugal's African wars. ELP owns an airplane which Portugal, rather quickly, received the new American am ing for a publishing firm, with U.S.Connections, in Madrid.• Spanish involvement with ELP-MDLP reftects in many ways bassador on January 20, 1975. Upon Carlucci's arrival one of Other important Portuguese officials related to MDLP-ELP Spain's own troubles - a reactionary archaic government up has been used to drop phos the �rst questionsasked by reporters was whether his embassy are: Goncalves Rapazote, former Minister of Interior under held by its uncontrollable right-wing extremists. Here we find was m the hands of the CIA. He denied that it was. His pre Caetano; Galvao De Melo, former Air Force Olief of Staff old Nazis such as the Fascist International (Aginter Press phorous bombs over Portugal decessor, Stuart Nash Scott, removed after only a year in the and, at present, a deputy for the conservative Center Social and Paladin), and modern Spanish businessmen. The ELP post,had advocated aid as a way of showing support for Portu Democrat Party (CDS) which was another big winner in the MDLP link with the Spanish secret policeis Garcia Rodriguez causing numerous forest fires.'' guese Democracy. Carlucci said one of his major ta!.ks would 42 April elections, doubling their share of the vote from 7.6% last who works with the Special Information and Security Services be to put this aid in_to concrete form. year to 16% this year and clearly winning an important role (SEIS). also boug�t through Sanchez Covisa's companies. The two On in the future government; Costa Campos, former p�ratrooper "Morgan," one of the ELP-MDLP leaders mentioned by Nov. 27, 1974, Carlucci told the Senate Foreign Relations radio_ statlo�s, mentioned earlier, were bought through the lieutenant colonel; Sanchez Osorio, former commander and Col. Corvacho in his press conference, is none other than Yves Committee considering his nomination as ambassador to Spamsh �1ety for Radio Diffusion (SERO), which belongs P�rtugal, th•! the CIA was not intervening in Portuguese af also founder of the Christian Democratic Party; Alves Car• Guillou (alias Guerin Seyrac), a former OAS officer, a former , to the family of Franco. ELP-MDLP also owns an airplane. an doso, former commando captain and Secret Police agent in director of Aginter Press, and a former adjunct to Pierre La fatrs. Carlucci s statement was the first, by a Ford administra 11 AT-6, number 985,.f, which has been used to drop phosphorous Guinea; and GeorgesMoura is, former major. Gaillarde who was the liaison agent between Caetano's PIPE tion official, unequivocally denying reports from Lisbon that bombs over Portugal, causing numerous forest fires to ruin The strength of ELP-MDLP has fluctuated with the evolu and the French secret police, SDECE.• The other agent. a CI� covert operation, involving "100 agents". was under that year's turpentine to "Castor", is Huges Castor Franklin who travels with a Guate crop. way In Portugal to counter Communist activity there. The tion of political events in Portugal and Angola. After March American Tactical Options 11, 1975 ELP directed approximately 800 armed men.u In malan passport, but is an American citizen named Jay S. statement was in response lo allegations of CIA activity raised the autumn of 1975 the estimate was just under 2,000. This Sab(onsky, also known as JoeVincente Pepper,or J.S.JJ "Cas• by Rep. Michael Harrington (D-Mass.), who had asked to Spain obviously h�s i_mmediate interest in seeing Portugal testify before the Senate body at the last minute. Harrington past winter, ELP was able to field two batallions which fought tor" is employed by the Madrid company, Tecno-Motor. return to an �uthor1tar1a� form of government. Though this read a statement that there had been "a major policy dispute" with the FNLA and UNITA in the seige of Sa da Bandeira in Tecno-Motor. along with Mariano S.A .• are companies owned cannot be satd for all of Europe, it is nonetheless true for over Portugal in the administration, resulting in the dismissal Angola." No doubt, a number of these troops have returned by Mariano Sanchez Covisa, the head of "Christ the King 41 Counterspy, Spring 1976 Spring 1976, CoµnterSpy 43 balanceof paymentsof the COi.intry vis•a-vis France.) of Ambassador Stuart Nash Scott. Harrington included a there were big layoffs at Standard Electric, the biggest electric t In fact, he funds were actually kept in France and arrangement$ watJt New York Tima· article (Oct. 21. 1974), quoting Brigadier company of all. t were made with weal hy PortugueiC. who wish� to leave Portugal General Carvalho as saying that the CIA was a grave problem International monopolies guaranteed Spinola 5250 million with large '?1ounts of their WQ)tb. that the Paris fund i� Portuga1 for the Portuguese leadership and an AssociatedPress story al• to finance MDLP. Among them were Joseph Abs, Hitler's would be paid to them if they would give their assets to the fund in Portugal,set Ieging there were "more than 100 CIA agents,. active in former banker; Franz Joseph Strauss; Jorge Jardim. the man up to pay the families of the Paris emigrants. In this way. 0 Portugal. who owned almost "half of Mozambique" and organized a no funds were tr�nsferredfrom Paris and wealthy Portuguesecould escape t A close examination. of Carlucci's team demonstrates the mercenary army in Mozambique; Mariano Felici, an Italian Portugalwith money tha could not have gone acrossthe border under Portugue1elaw. fact that Kissinger has Destabilization plans drawn up. Olief arms merchant; and various Portugueseofficers in eXile." 8. Le Canard Encllaine,Sept. 3, 1976 of Station forthe CIA in Lisbon is John S. Morgan who served A formerPortuguese military policeman, expelled from ser 9. Afrique-Asie. May 19. 1975 \lice after Nov. 25, 1975, reported that ITI provided a right 10. • The warrant for Vin.has' arrest was related to the strat meet• wing commando unit with electronic listening devices capable egy 1ngsfor Angola. Portugaland the Azores, shortly beforethe September ''ITT provided a right-wing of monitoring all telecommunications from abroad as well as 28.1974. inside Portugal.The commando unit was the core of that re• I I. PolitiqueHebda, July 24. 197S commando unit with electronic established· center-right authority, which won gains in the 12 CounterSpy interview with Mr. Dinis. recent elections and for which western strategists have their 13.PolitiqueHehdo. April 17, 1975 fingers crossed. The source also said that the ITT equipment. 14. ibid. listening devices.'' 15. Cambia 16. Nov.24.1975 earmarked for commandos only, and possibly ITT tech the 16. ibid. nicians to install it, began arriving in Portugal in late August in Brazil (1966-1969) and Uruguay (1970-1973). The ClA's 17. ibid. ti. 1975. second In command in Lisbon is James N. Lawlerwho special• 18. TemaignageOretien. Aug. 21, 1975 On April 8, 1976, Spinola was expelledfrom Switzerland for izes in rigging elections as he did in Chile (1962• 1964) and ��;e. March 13, 1975; See also Temoignoge Chretien, continuing his world-wide activities to gain support forMDLP· M:�� � Brazil (1964- 1967)." O ELP. Swiss authorities had permitted him to stay so long as 20. ibid.15. Option No. t was obviously activated in Brazil between he ceased the campaign for support. After Spinola publicly 21. Intern.Newsweek, Nov. 17.197S 1965 and 1969 when Carlucci was Political Officer in Rio de stated that he had been in Dusseldorf in April trying to buy 22 ''The Azorean Liberation Front, an illegal separatist t Janeiro, directing Morgan and Lawler. At that time, Carlucci movemen , arms for the MDLP-ELP attempt to seize power,11 the Swiss threw a large rally to protest the persistent crisis on the mainland. made many friends such as Carlos Lacerda. a Brazilian govern• Local socialists officials began an investigation and discovered that Spinola ii.sued a statement condemning the rally. Shortlyt here• or and instigator of the overthrow of Goulart. and Golberry after, a bomb he!vlly damaged t t was deeply tied to the MDLP·ELP plots. Spinola has spent heparty's offices in he Azorean cap Do Couto E. Silva, the founder of the National Information . ital city. Police said the weekendof tension in Usbon,was accompanied 45 most of his time. since his second coup attempt failed in March 300North Zeeb Road, Service (SNl)-Brazil's CIA. These friends continue to work by a new burs� of anti-communist bomb attacks In the north. They of 1975. campaigning for more support for his attempted t t Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 directly with Carlucci. Over 80 agents of the SNI have arrived reported ha e1�t Hplosions in this region had damaged homes.of- coups. t Call toll free: 800-521-0600 in Lisbon accompanied by Celso Telles. former director, in on he left. but caused no injuries." For now, the MDLP·ELP supporters in the CIA and in the Rio. of the Department of Social and Public Order (OOPS). �c:;.;�:,�����;:'1�7 rruP� big western corpor"tions have chosen to exercise their interests 23. TAe Guardian. May 5. 1976 PLEASE WRITE FOR Brazil's FBI.• ' through the electoral system in Portugal. but the MDLP-ELP 24. Portugal, Jal,; 1 der ReK)/ulion, Eine analyti#he Reportage. COMPLETE INFORMATION Lacerda. who officially employs Spinola in his publishing t is still financiallysturdy, ideologicallywell•motivated. trained, A 8· Berlin,pp. 143 house in Brazil, senes as a link. between the French SDECE. �: �� '::�����:�� ��� and waiting. If the Pc,>rtuguese and European right and Amer• e . : the Spanish SEIS, and Spinola.47 Lacerda has also been im 26. U.S. reportenback from Portugal. ican foreign policy makers are pleased with the coalition of plicated in organizing the March 1 t. 1975 coup with the help 21. TemoignqeCJ,retien,April 24. 1975 moderate/conservative parties reestablishing itself as the new of Georges Bidault. former OAS and ODESA·Spinola liaison. 28. ibid24. il Portuguese government. MDLP.ELP will be on reserve. If. as well as in the overthrow of Goulart in Brazil. With such 29.Polilique Hebdo, Oct. 30. 1975 however. the developing regime backfires economically or JO. t friends, Carlucci can permit himself to say as he did in Cam· SeeCounterSpy, Win er 1975 ;,.d! politically. that confederation will clearly take action and 31. ibid.15. bio 16, "I don't have any information on ELP and we don't i• MDLP·ELP will put its forcesin gear. 32. Manifato(Portuguese) April 22. 1975 aid them . , I don't know anything aboutthem.• ■ INT■FICDNINIUNAL NEWS BBAVK::a • 33. ibid7. �TII INEEKl.Y BLACK PANTHER BV TI-£ B.ACKAO.NTl-ERAlltATY Last August, Carluccimade seyeralvisits to the U.S.. base at 34.Temoigna1e Chretien,March 20, 1975 -·---·- f Torre.Jon near Madrid to "consult with doctors." From what 35. Nrique--A.tie.May 19, 1975 -- 36. Temoignage Cllretien, March 20, 1975 THE BEST SOURCE FOR UBEKA110N NEWS ON sickness was he suffering that he consultea with none other 81ack Panther Party 37. ibid13. S�blonsky "Castor" was namedas a CIA agent in ibid 8. .,-i.e than Spinola and Lacerda?• Did Carlucci give Spinola a list Althoug� t •Black ud other oppreaedcommunitiea Curl Michael is a CounterSpy co"e1pondent based in Puri,, thereIS everyreason o believe he is CIA. Cow,terSpy has not of friends and places to visit? After meeting with Sanchez uncovered t t t •Southent Africa ,. France. documen a ion of this rela ionship enough to declare him a I,. Co\lisa and Sanchez Osorio in Madrid at tbe "Le Provencal" CIA agent. Same goesfor ,. Morgan". •Worldwide lleaiatance Mov.ments ,, restaurant. ·Spinola flew to Bonn to meet with Herr F.J. 38. Cambia16. May S. 1975 •En&enainmen& and Sporta ' Strauss. head of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). and 39. Liberation,March 25, 1975 AND, ONLY IN THBBLACKP.A.NTHER- 40. Cambia j a representative of the Brown Boveri Company. From there Footnotes 14 Sept. 8, 1975. Also.CounterS py interviews with wit- "1'herevoluUonary wri&ingaof &he leader and chief &heore&ieian � Spinola went to Paris to the Sheraton Hotel and met with nesses to massive forest fires.in Portugal. of &he Black Pan&her Party, Huey P. New&on, and other Party I. Le Monde, March 25. 1975 members of ELP, Dias De Lima. Freitas Do Amaral (head of 4 l. Foreign Affairs,Tad Szulc 2. The Church and Revolution:Portugal. International Document&• 42. ibid 2. p. 91 ...... ' Portuguese CDS). and Manuel A11egre of the Portuguese tion on the Contemporary Oiurch. No. I. 1975. Europe: Churchc� in 43. ibid. ' Socialist Party.• From there he traveled with Carlucci's old their Environment. ViaS. Maria dell'Anima 30.00186Rome. Italy 44. Cambia 16. Oct.27.1975 ENTEi Ml'. SUBSCIUnlONl'OK, o-,s., ' friend. Golberry Do Couto E. Silva, to Switzerland to meet · 3. ibid. §5.Afn"que-Asie, April 7.1975 3MONT.HSu3iasucsJ..•...... □ 13.26 .. □·- 19.00 i, with John McCone (boss of ITT and former director of the 4. Reliable Source, U.S. Government 46. ibid44. . 11 6MONTHStl6iuun)...... [J tri.76•• ...�.□112.00 CIA) in the officesof the Brown Boveri Company. S. ibid."t. 47. LeMonde. March 25, 1975 1 □ □ After the McCone-Spinola meeting in August, ITT an 6. CounterSpywill tell you more aboutDe Rmuin coming issues. He 48. ibid44. YEAR iS2Wuc:s1 ..•.•...... 110.00. ....•••.•..... Jl6.00 t nounced on September 4. 1975, it was cutting off all funds to has arrived in Portugal a day before each right•wing at empted coup. 49. Cambia 16.Aug. 18, 1975 IJFE SUBSCRIPTION ... ..•.. □ 1100.00 NEW SUIISC&IPTION.o t its Portuguese subsidiaries because it "no longer had ef 7. Banco Pinto.Sotto•Major is believed o be the French-Portuguese SO.Le Canard Enchaine. Oct. 8, 1975 (PU!ASEPllNT) ■ENEWALO Bank that is connected to the Portuguese financier. Antonio Olaup SI. le Can11rdEnchaine, Oct. I. 1975 fective control of Portuguese operations." ITI protested the NAME------limaud. This bank set up a speciaJ fund in 1975 to help destabilize the 52 Diarodt!Lisboa. Oct.15(appro:r..) 1975. worker committees and said Portugal's nationalized banks already poor Portuguese economy. The large number of Portugue5e S�. Stern, (Gcrman) March-April 1976. Spinola has concentrated ADDRESS______CITY _____ were "dragging their feet in providing credit". . emigrants in France were urged to put their funds in a specialaccount mainly on wealthy in�ustrialists in his campaign for more support. SfATE/ZIP______CQUNTRY ____ ITT spent S3.5 million to cover salaries and operating ex• that "wouldnot go back to Portugal to aid the 'communist' gOYemment In October 1975, he visi!t Spring 1976, 44 CounlerSpy, Spring 1976 CounterSpy 4S ican, is widely regarded as a liberal opposed to the present model, not appearedin court on a charge of dishonestly obtain system of separate development for blacks and whites. But ing state benefits and claimed that he was being ..hounded" his practical achievements show him to be as orthodox as any because he had once had a "sexual relationship" with the other South African industrialist. He wants to put a clean face Liberalleader. on South Africa's vile system of racial separation by awarding Scott's allegations were flatly denied by Thorpe. Leading THE WORLD CIAAROUNP privileges to a tiny African middle class. There is no reason to Liberal MP's admitted that they had heard the same allega believeOppenheimer is any less angry at the Liberals than the tion, Inquired into it, and dismissed it as long ago as 1971. most racist Afrikaaner in SouthAfrica. lbere, too, the matter might have endedhad not Peter Bessel, A more immediate purpose for assaulting the Liberals than a former Liberal MP who later disappeared in the United general hatred may be Oppenheimer's and other Anglo execu States, admitted paying Scott betweenS400 and S600. Though tives' fear that documentation of their yean of bribing top Besselnever surfacedin person,he made a statement through governmentofficials had reachedthe hands of Liberal scandal· solicitorsexplaining that the money was unconnected with the Apartheid's· mongers. Anti-aparthied groups are known to be on the trail allegations against Thorpe. His parliamentary colleagues of documents revealing Swiss bank account numbersand with very prc;,perly accepted Thorpe's strong denial, but only after drawals which Anglo used to pay off European, British and arranging their own '"kangaroocourt." Thorpe told the meet American officials. British policeand Anglo American security ing that he would resign if others felt it was in the. Party's in men are on the same trail. The trail blazer they are all seeking terest. But the Liberal ChiefWhip. Cyril Smith, said this would Corporate is a mysterious former employee of Anglo American named not be required, Although the Liberal MP's claimed to be Kamil. Kamtl workedfor AngloAmerican as a general trouble unitedaround their leader it soonbecame evident that a leader shOfJter, with a polishedspecialty for converting Anglo Amer ship crisis had developedin the Party. ican diamonds into cash on the black market. The cash route Then another accusation appeared in the British press; continued untraced and. conveniently, government tariffs on Norman Scott had receivedS5000 (anonymously) for letters ad Covert the diamonds are not deducted from the sales. A statement dressed to him by the mysterious Peter Bessel. With this ac given to the LondonSunday Telegraph by one of Kamil's em cusation Thorpe's rivals in the Liberal Party jumped on the ployees suggests that Kamil has proof of Anglo American's bandwagon against Thorpe. Fortunately for Thorpe,his good bribes and may have attempted blackmail of the aparthied friend David Holmes stepped forward, admitting to his silli corporation. ness in paying for letters which had been widely circulated Action An added dimension to the plot is the involvement ofGorden among Liberal MPs and journalists, and which had even been Winter, a reporter for the Johannuburg Sunday Expreu. examined by police, at Thorpe's insistance in 1974. Despite South African lntelllgence who was instrumental in spreading the stories of Jeremy Holmes' admission, the bandwagon had its own momentum; & U.5. Corporation Oust Thorpe's alleged sexual activities. Winter is known to have Thorpe's opposition continues. Yet, while Thorpe fights to been an informer for South Africa's police and the dreaded maintain his leadership of the party,which many Liberal MPs Britain'• Liberal Leaders Bureau of State Security. By his own admission he worked in believe he will lose come the fall election,there is actually little the late 60s and early 70s for two London-based CIA propa· public supportfor Scott'sderogatory allegations. ganda organs - the now defunct Forum World Features and Last October, a 6 ft. tall man with shoulder-length slightly its still operatingsuccessor, the Institute for the Study of Con• curly brown hair, slim, with a long thing face, unshaven, stoic flict .- whictJ, have strong relationships with BOSS. BOSS is IA90 fromBarclays Bank in Putney. The man ran from the also believed to have broken into homes and offices of anti bank with threeteenage boyschasing afterhim. During the aparthied leaden in London and the continent, though after trial on the theft,the boys testified that the thiefturned and Harold Wilson's defense of Thorpe in Parliament, the chief of glaredat them at least threetimes giving them an opportunity BOSS went before television cameras in Pretoria denying to see his face. They cla.im that the thief ran into a crowd, BOSS involvement in the plot against the Liberals. and after a momentaryjostling when some of the stolen money WlmlowPeck The CIA helped BOSS switch from an exclusive internal se• was dropped,he disappeared. A short while later, research student Peter Hain, 26, was The white rulers of South Africa have strong hatred for curity focus to worldwide operations against the enemies of Has that persistent foe of South African aparthl-!1• Great England's Liberals. While the British Conservativeand Labour aparthied. The CIA station is prominently in liaison with its arrested for the robbery. Hain, president of the Young Liber Britain's Liberal Party, been sabotagedby aparthled s �er parties tend to equate the business interests of South Africa South African client. But with the recent change- in U.S. atti als, and a strong supporter of the Anti-Aparthied Movement ful and flexible engine, the Anglo American Corporation? with British interests, the Liberals have consistently voiced tude towards Africa following Secretary of State Henry Kis• in London, had participated in several anti-aparthied demon Were Anglo Ainerican covert actions prompted by a too-long strations. One such demonstration, in 1970, took place outside animosity toward the aparthied system.. Sou�. Africa's �� singer's tour of black Africa, the areas of cooperation between repressedemnity with English liberals,or to cover up corporate media have made the Liberals the stock . devil for all British CIA and BOSS may also be changing. There is worry at the the robbed bank to protest against the bank's considerable bribes to the highest officials in Westerngovernmen� through financial interests in South Africa. At trial. the prosecutors action against South African interests. When Liberals in State Departmentthat the aparthied regime may be so desper· a black market diamond smuggling operation? South J?id ParJiament stand against British association with South ate from international sanctions and the potential .actions of argued that Hain had robbedthe bank becauseof his animosity Africa's largest business conglomerate use the serv1ces of the Africa, or when Young Liberals organize anti-�p•rt1!,ied. black Africa that it is becoming an "outlaw" state. If this towards their South Africanconnections. But several witnesses aparthied's ruthless secretpolice, the Bureau of State Security demonstrations, South Africa's white leaders smk mto continues the CIA may not be able to temper BOSS's adven· have testified that Hain was not the man they saw running (B paranoia. To aparthied'i, leadership, Liberals and their in· turist actions or the private securily apparatus of corporations through town on the day of the robbery. (The trial was still in �:::• ::��:��!!ns with well-known British journalists, fluenceare the souri;:eof all South Africa'sproblems in Britain. like Anglo American. progress as CounterSpy went to press.) policeinvestigators and other sources, Cou,a�ei:Spyc�� now try When former Prime Minister Harold Wilson defended to answer these questionsgnawing at the British pohttcal con• Jeremy Thorpe in Parliament just two days before his resigna Target:British Llberalo Polltlcal Pornography science. British press law, the Official SecretsAct, and the ab tion he confirmed London's penisterit rumor that South Af· In 1975, a new porn film was produced by Ken Taylor, who sence of investigative journalism traditions have preventedthe Jeremy Thorpe had been the leader of the LiberalPartv for rica� interests were behind the accusations against Thorpe. had been a personal friend of Mandy Rice-Davies, a call-girl entire bizarre plot from being published tn England to date. 11 years when in January he faced an inquiry by the Depart• But by that time, copies of a secrettimetable titled''Disruption involvedin the ProfumoScandal of 1963.1 Our sources suggest that accusations from an out-of-work male ment of Trade and Industry about the collapse of a London of the Liberal Party'' were circulating among aparthied'sfoes. Taylor's latest movie was called "Shieks Delight" or "Turk model of an estranged homosexual affair with Liberal Party and Counties bank he directed. The investigation cleared At least one source has claimed the document, .. Disruption ish Delight" and according to some reports was filmed in leader Jeremy Thorpe; what may be a frame-upbank robbery Thorpe of any personal responsibility for the bank's activities of the Liberal Party," originatedin the security offices of the fashionable Hamstead in the home of a prominent Liberal MP. charge on Peter Hain, head of the Young Liberals;_and the ap but administered a mild rebuke that he had shown lack of Anglo American Corporation-a huge mining, c�emical and One of the women in the film was the mistress of a cabinet pearance of a powerful Liberal M.P.'s daughter m an inane judgement in his dealings with the bank's executive officers. textile firmwith interests in all areas ofSouth Africanfinance. minister (or ex-minister), and another was the daughter of a porno film are connected in a calculatedplot to collapse the The Liberal leader's problems might have then dropped from Harry Oppenheimer, chairman of the board of Anglo Amer• Liberal MP whose house was used forthe filmset. Party leadership. the headlines had Norman Scott, a self-styled author and male Spring 1976, Coun(erSpy 47 46 CounterSpy, Spring 1976 On March 3, 1976 these three seemingly unrelated events Anglo American has interests in mining, textiles, chemicals, the mystery man Kamil. Kamil worked during the sixties as Sunday Tel raph It ed were connected.The London eg took a remark• steel and diamonds. has been connect to the Morgan a special investigator for Anglo J\merican. His job involved es able statement from Kenneth Wyatt, a we11•known porn family in the United Stat since J.P. Morgan's original invest• attemptsto discover fraud in Anglo American's member com. broker, which involved underworld characters, look-alike ment in 1917. panics. Kamil also smuggl� diamonds for Anglo American. doubles. blackmail attempts, mercenary armies, mass assassin• Anglo American is the corporate flagship of Harry Oppen• Kami) told Wyatt that diamonds were skimmed off and sold ation attempts, black marketeering and briberyof high British heimer, South Africa's largest employer. Oppenheimer is the on the black market so that no trace of the funds produced ed officials. His story seem so fantastic at first that many most notorious establishment critic of the current aparthied could be found.Anglo American would also not have to pay the ed readers dismiss it as lunatic ravings until his predictions status but he h�s probably done more than anyone else to fuel variods government taxes on the diamonds. 1be funds, Kamil tumed into headlines in the following weelcs. the economic machine on which the strength of white suprem• claimed, were used to bribe high officials in foreign govern ed Wyatt, the porn broker, testifi that he became involved in acy stands. A supporter of the Progressive Party, Oppen· ments. Kamil showedWyatt a list of Swiss bank account num• a bizarre adventure involving the accusations against Thorpe, heimer has helped run munitions factory for the Nationalist benof the high oft"acials who had been paid the bribes. Kamil the trial of Peter Hain, and the movie "Shieks Delight." Party governments of the late Dr. Verwoerd and Mr. Vorster, says that Anglo American had paid between 1953 and 1956 He claims that he was approached by Ken Taylor to se11 in South Africa. While somewhat scrutinized by right-wing inclusive L26million in bribery to about 79 people and that he the film and in the course of events also learned that it would Afrikans, Oppenheimer has proven his loyalty. Although he had the proof. Wyatt's testimony to the Sunday Telegraph be used for blackmail because of the MP's daughter's per· is an English•speaking capitalist, he was one of the first busi• leaves the impression that Kamil was attempting to blackmail formance. The film deal was riever completed but, in the nessmen to go into partnership with fundamentalist, Christian Anglo American for some money he believed was owed to him. underworld where Wyatt travels, new opportunities are always farming Dutch-descent Afrikaaner capital. He is a firm sup During the rse of his transactions, he threatened Anglo _ � emerging; Wyatt was soon approached by a friend to do work porter of Vorster's "outward-looking" economic policy of Amencan with sabotage ,of one of their mines which would for a mysterious man named Kamil who had documents he seeking close trade and in't'.estment with independent Africa. lead to the possibledeaths of over 1,000 miners. This would be ed ed need transport around Europe. Wyatt"s job was to find Oppenheimer has also become the symbol of the theory which highl embarrassing to the "rich but left" Oppenheitner. EconomUt ! women to be courriers. While employed with Kamil, Wyatt the calls "the richer, the lefter."He believes that as Kam1I also talked of running weapons and funds to a mer• saw documents processed by Kamil, called "Disruption of the South Africa becomes more prosperous the absurdity of racial cenary group in Mozambique, and several other bizarre deals Liberal ou Party, which Kamil told him had been prepared in the discrimination will be obvious to all, and the c ntry will be· he was involved with. 2 security offices of Kamil's former employer, the Anglo Amer• come more liberal. The anti•aparthied movement also knew of Kamil and the ed ican Corporationof SouthAfrica. Oppenheimer has openly criticiz aparthied for years. He "proof' he had of Anglo American bribes. Two people sympa• The documents detailed a five-stage plot against the Liberal says, "A country cannot develop its full economic potential thetic to the anti•aparthied drive contacted Wyatt while he was Party which involved: smean against Liberal Party memben, if it doesnot make the best use of its laborforce," This is the in Kamil's employ and urged him io get the filefrom Kamil or ed including Jeremy Thorpe; the Peter Hain frame•up; and the key to hi� oppositionto aparthi and his greai vision for South to convince Kamil he should turn it over to them. They told producing of the blackmail film "Shieks Delight," which Africa.No word here about equal rights for Africans.No call Wyatt that the information contained proof that two ex• Wyatt earlier had been asked to sell. As one example, the file for integrated education, for an end to segregation, for adult cabinet ministers had received substantial payments from prepared in 1968 for then.CIA director Richard Helms ex• Washington Poll maintained th\t Anglo American security agents had found a suffrage.What Oppenheimer has in mind is a meritocracy,in Anglo American. They told him that if he could get the docu plaining the history of FWF. Later in the Herald Tribune, Time Peter Hain "double" in Johannesburg and that in August which racial differences will be replaced by educational and ments the Liberal Party would jump on the bandwagon of the and the Bernard D. Nosslter l=!Onfirmed Out';s they had flown him to London via Brussels and Dublin. In class differences. expose. But beforeWyatt could act, he was arrested and ap• story, along with the denials by the principals involved ed London, the look-a-like purchas a car and clothes identical He, and the Progressive Party, foresee a time when the vote proa hcd by British police and Anglo American security to of their CIA connections. The classifiedCIA reportreads: � _ For11m World Feature,. Ltd. (FWF) U an internationalnew& to Peter Hain's. Anglo American agents then watched Rain's will be given to a few more Alricans who manage to break identify the anta-aparthied movement couple that had ap• feature ;service located in London and incorporated in Dela• house and, via two--wave radio, notified the impersonator, who through the barrier of an inferior, segregated educational sys• proached him to obtain Kamil's documents. It was after this then committed the robbery. The man was extremely well tern and achieve middle.class status. Basically his "richer, but that he made his statement to. the Sunday Telegraph. Counter· ware who,e ol'ff't aim U to provide on a commercial basi.s a ed comprehe,uive ;service covering international affairs, cover so he could not be caught, yet he made sure his face lefter" approach is to raise the quality of black labor but his Spy has heard no further word about Kamil at this time, other weekly economic.r, &cience medicine, bookreview, and other :sub• was visible to passenby until he disappeared. vision is not concerned with .a democratic South Africa but than a rumor that he and Anglo American have worked out a and of a nature. In itsfint twoyears FWFha;s pro· This information was ultimately given to the Peter Hain witlr economicgrowth. deal and that he is in their goodgraces again. jectl general defense, which checked with Anglo American. The corpora• The definitive Penguin pocketbook, The Soutll African Con· vided the UnitedStates with a ;significant maim to counter tion claimed to have no such person, the "double", on their nection We1tern lnw.stmellt inAparthied, concludes that: TheWinter of Our Discontent Communi.st prop {;sic) and ha& become a respected feature payroll. But upon checking in Johannesburg, the defense dis• Oppenheimer isfar-&ighted enough to realiu that a capital· unice well on the way to a position of prestige in the jour· ile the investigations are currently in progress in London, coveredthat he had arrivedat his home with a new car and lots i.st economic;sy;stem can be&t be maintained in the Republic by . � _ nalism world. Begun tu a commercial entity inJanuary. 1966. It IS the 1story faMr. Gordon Winter which is providing of money; now both the look-a•like and Hain's wife have dis• 1trengthening it& economic. political and military link.r with � � FWFwcu createdfrom the raidue of Forum Service, an ac· the most mterestmg aspects of the case. Gordon Winter is a ap ared. the re,t,of the. capitalist world, and by the gradual award of tivity of the Congreu of Cultural Freedom (CCF)from which pe British journalist who circulated the stories accusing the Lib• The existence of Wyatt's. testimony, as well as severalcopies, privilege& to the tiny African middle cla;s;s. Ifthis middle cltu1 the CIAwithdnw its aupport in 1966. eral leader, Jeremy Thorpe of the homosexual relationship. in London, of the paper Dl;sruptionof the LiberalParty, mov ed can be made an elite, identifying more with the white minority Beneath the unsigned memo to the Director of Central In• Gordon Winter had been involved in the South African Prime Minister Harold Wilson to defend Thorpe and the than with the African maua, it may. tu it grow,, provide a telligence is written in hand: "Run w, knowledge and coopera• underworld as an informer while working for South African Liberals in Parliament. In that speech, just before his retire• weful buffer for wllite ;supremacy. A.! far tu aparthied i.s a tion of British Intelligence." newspapers. 1!e cuttently works for the Johannesburg Sunday rnent, Wilson alluded to foreign interests (South African) be· flexible,y:stem for pruerving white control, thispolicy U apar· Nossiterreported that FWF was closed down for two reasons. Expres�. Durmg the course of the Thorpe scandal in London, hind the plot to discredit the Liberal leader. He insisted that thied';sbut long term defen;se." Pint becausethe CIA was supposedly withdrawing fromcovert he admitted to the Guardian that he worked as a staffjournal• he did not believe the 'foreign interest' was a government, but In 1970, Harry Oppenheimer, chairman of the Anglo Amer• propaganda activities of this kind, and secondly, because it ist during the late 1960's llnd early 1970's for a London·based rather a private commercial enterprise. ican Corporation, gave a lecture commemorating Cecil Rhodes, feared that Philip Agee or some other dissident former CIA interpationally active newspaper called Forum World Fea� the founder of the outlaw settler regime in "Rhodesia," known agent would blow PWF's cover. Anpo AmericanCorporadon tures (FWF). to most of the world as Zimbabwe. In the speech he revea1ed Winter also admitted that he had used the reSOurces of the Winter was also secretary during the time to the National The business mentioned by Wyatt in his testimony is the something of the model he has for an ideal South Africa.Op Institute for the Study of Conflict, a right.wing London re penheimer said that although the methods Rhodes employed Union of JourJ!alists London Freel8nce Branch and had ar. search groupwhich was established with a grant from FWF in Anglo American Corporation. Anglo American is the largest ranged for vanous freelance journalists to use Forum Ser. corporation In South Africa. It is almost an independent CCO· "certainly involved h,vshness, and perhaps even trickery," 1970 by former chairman of FWF Brian Crozier. Crozier is ed It vices. th Forum World Features and the National Union of nomic state centered in sub-Saharan Africa with interests in he was inspir by "a great vision." was of "a great modern � a well•known British writer of rightist viewpoints. The In• ou !ournahsts are well exposed CIA fronts which used journal• Britain, Germany and the United States.Anglo American, the industrialized state in S th Africa in which all civilized men : stitute for the Study of Conflict publishes low-keyed reports 1sts to spread CIA-biased information. most prominent of the multinational corporations active in could enjoy equal rights."And, Oppenheimer said, this vision on counter-insurgency. ISC's connections to the CIA and the FWF closed down in April, 197S, shortly before London's Africa, has an interlocking system of holdings and directorates was still valid. It was "the only way we will be able to remain British Secret Intelligence Service (SIS) have been extensively me Ou� magazine exposed its CIA connections. 1be Na Time Out that spreads across the entire continent. "More Like A Govern· safe and prosperous." � exposedby Mark Hosenbal1 in magazine. t1 nal Un on of Journalists was exposed in Philip Agee's CIA ment than a Company" was the way The lnvator, Chronicle Oppenheimer is not above a certain "harshness, and perhaps � � As he recently reported, Winter's exact relationship to the es for its propaganda work on behalf of the agency in Latin even trickery" himself. One of his many employe has been Duiry ISC is not known but ISC is ·1tnown to have extensive contact described Anglo American's international diversification. _ Time. Out ed Amenca. receiv a copy of a classified CIA report with events in southern Africa and to South African intelli• 48 CounterSpy, Spring 1976 Spring 1976, CounterSpy 49 imcc. besides its □A and SIS connections. A researcher at Armed Fon:es, Gen. R.S. Hiemstra. The security branch of the Institute named Peter Janke, for instance, who has close the Policewas to be headedby Brig. "Tiny" Vlnter under the BOSS falls under the department of Balthazar Johann� °?e l«urity ma'! in the foyer of the hotel ro,e lazilyfrom a friendsin thepolice establishments of many Westerncountries Commissioner of Police, Gen. J.P. Gous. And finally there Oohn) Vorster, who became Prime Minister on September 13, chairon one occcuwn. without bothering to identify him,e/fto visited Capetown in 1974 to do research on 'national libera was to be the Bureau of State Security under General van den 1966, after the assassination of Dr. Verwoerd. During WWII, me and coolly informed me that my appointment with ao and tion movements in southern Africa.11tere hecalled upon Mr. Bergh. Vorster was a commandant in the pro•Nazi Ouewabrandwag ,o the next morning had been ahiftedfrom eleven o "clock to P.J. DeWit and asked him fOI' information on the revolution The military was extremely upset 52 CounterSpy, Spring 1976 Spring 1976, CounterSpy 53 I l: But in late April, 1976 Kissinger made his historic tour of , address on February 19, 1970. The Doctrine wu initially only Africa reversing earlier U.S. attitudes. Kissinger pledged sup applied to Indochina and was known as '!Vletnamization'" port for the black nations in their struggle to liberate Zim and was designed not to bring peace but to prolong that war. bah-A-e from the "Rhodesian" settler regime of Ian Smith and Ambassador Ellsworth Bunker, who was directing the war at Combine encouraged South Africa to give up its hold over Namibia. the time, referred to the policy change as needed to "change Simultaneously SouthAfrica concluded a ne11· series of agree the color of the corpses," After the dramatic defeats of U.S. ments with Israel. In the State Department both of these moves policy in Indochina, the U.S. could no longer play the role of have been interpreted as representing a l\idening gap in the internationalpolicemen. association of the U.S. to the apartheid government. Some As with lnc;1ochina, Kissinger could not ignore the global sig State Department personnel are referring to the South African cance of Africa when formulating his global policy. With the Israeli relationship as the development of a "'6th World" closing of the Suez Canal foll�ing the 1967 Middle East War composed of the most right-wing states of the capitalist im Theory and the increase of Soviet naval activities in the Indian Ocean perium. Some openly fear that South Africa and other dic South Africa was of strategic importance to control the cape tatorships may move independent of U.S. hegomony in world trade routes.The U.S. also needed to use overflightand land affain. ing facilities In or near Africa for military aircraftheading to In such a changina politicalatmosphere it is difficult to pre and from Indochina and later the Middle East. And the con dict the actions of the policy instruments or either the U.S. siderable investment and balance of trade advantages to both or South Africa. But it is altogether possible that BOSS may Britain and the U.S. in South Africa needed to be protected. increase its unilateral actions independent of CIA assistance, With South Africa is even more strategic to U.S. policy because of Action encouragement or monitoring. It is altogether possible that its status as the majorsupplier in the capitalist world of gold - BOSS's unilateral actions. or those of theprivate securityarms controlled by the Anglo American Corporation - and its im of corporations like Anglo American. may conduct operations portance in guaranteeing the useful operation of the two of which the CIA would disapprove. tier gold price system. Until investigations in London are completed •·e do not know Get In touch with .... of th• belt thlnura delllng with the To develop this policy Kissinger's NSC staff, composed of conclusively that BOSS was behind the attempts . to de• contradictions of creating • new, humane eoclety here and now. representatives of the NSC, Treasury, Commerce, the Joint stabilize the Liberal Party. We do not kllO\\' if the CIA ap "-'" like Eric -ttey, AIIM> Gln-.a, Gr- Paley, Barbaro Chiefs, AID and NASA, responded to the NSSM 39 memo and proved or did not approve any of the alleged operations. We Deming, Daniel Berrigan, David McReynolda and many olftw9. prepared their report. The study indicates that the U.S. had do not know fullythe role or the Anglo American Corpora• Makea placewhere they can h..,.a rul dialogue. fivepoli cy objectivesin southern Africa: tion in these events or the years of bribes -A·hich have been Add totllot on•tllo-opot - tn,m tho ploceowhoro people 1) The likelihood of direct U.S. involvement in the conflicts allegedby formerAnglo American employees and members of .,.actually working tor change.Place, Ike co--ope, picket llnea, polltlcolportlH, prloono. there had to be minimized. the anti-aparthied movement. What we do kno•· is that all Make II a magazine·that comea out ...,-, WHII: 10 that Ila 2) The Soviet Union and China were to be prevented frome:1• of these events occurl\ithin the economic. political and clan• readw1are up to th•minute on whitthey nMdto llnow.And gtn ploiting the racial situation there to gain political influence destine relationshipsof dritain, South Africaand the U.S. themagazine • growing audience (Iha blggntof any publlcatlon amons Africangovernment and liberationmovements. In such a volatile atmospherebizarre intrigue of destabiliz• oftla kind) eo thatnot only the choeenfew have theoppo,tunlty J) The U.S. had to encourage the colonial and settler regimes ing politicalparties, bribery of high governmentofficials, mys• tocombine "1eory and action. to moderatetheir racial and colonial policies. terious characters -.ith secret police and CIA connections. Seaaon withthoughtful book, film and record rewlewa. Tou ln 4) The U.S. stand on the racial issue in Africa and elsewhere and crimes of every proportionare becoming the rule, rather orlglnal lllustratlon1and a fewpoems. had to beimproved. than the exception of international relations. In such an at 5) American economic, scientific and strategic interests mosphere it may become increasingly difficult to ·determine and opportunitiesin the area had to be protected. "·hat force has more iriftuence over events. We do not knO\\· Call h WINmagazine, The study acknowledged that theseobjectives were. in many "'ho is rea'llythe BOSS. instances conflicting and irreconctlable. Thus, the Nb:on/ Jeremy Tltorperesig,red on May 11. 1976 as CounterSpy wa.s 1 Kissinger Doctrine was a dilemma fromthe beginning. Ifthe going to press. Fortunately aame folka haNalready done all ol that. A JHt 1 U.S. maintai-1ted clo,e tie& with the colonial and &ettlerregimu 1ubecriptloneoe11 only s11. in 1outhern Africa, this would in the long run jeopardize American relatioruhips with the rut of Africa andthe Third FOOTNOTES World. For the nert seven years of the Nixon/Kissinger Doctrine 1. Taylor had put h·o-•.-ay mirron in the apartment of a London the U.S. strengthened the economic, military and political socletJ osteopath. Stephen Ward. Ward ns essentially a hi1h society systems of several sub-imperial clients such as Brazil in Latin pimp; durin1 the 1963sca�al he •·as arrested for living on Immoral ------· America and Iran in the Middle East. One aspectof this stra caminp. Ward used Mandy Rice-Davies and Chintinc Keeler for his livin1. •·hich included blackmail fromthe lurid photographs taken by tegic approach was the CIA liaison with BOSS. But throuBhout Ken Taylor throup that n·o-•·ay mirror. T•·o of the dignitaries in the period there was a waffling over policy. Whi1e generally ¥Olvcd in the affair •·ere the Rt. Hon. John Dennis Profumo. Britain's favoring a broad.er association with both black and white Secretaryof State for War at the time and the Soviet, naval attache WIN states to encourage moderation in South Africa, attempting Ev1en_\·Ivanov. Ivanov had been suspected by British c-ounterintel• to enlist cooperation of the black states in reducing tensions li1encc as a spy for some time but •·hen his connections to Profumo, and the likelihood of increased cross-border violence and Ward. Davies and Keeler became known, Britain •·as rocked by one of its mostdevastating scandals and Profumo •·as forcedto resign. WIN MAGAZINE 503 Atlantic Ave.-Sth fl. encouraging relations among the states in the area, the U.S. Brooklyn, N.Y. 11271 consistentJy titted towards a closer association with the white 2. CounlerSpy has heard many rumors of diamonds being used to regimesto protect and enhance U.S. interests. financemuch of the □A backed UNIT A and FNLA aggressionIn An In October 1974, in EJquire, Tad Szulc revealed that another aola. In April. 1975. Paulo Gumane. president of the Mozambique Re,•olutionary Committee (Coremo) - then held prisoner by secret Kissinger document, a National Security Council De FRELIMO. the Mozambiqueliberation force- admitted his or1aniza• cision Memorandum (NISDOM) of 1970 which said that tion received money fromthe CIA and Ponuguese secret policePIDE. ''The whites are here to stay -and the only way constructive Coremo obtained the money in an ill-fated attempt to overturn the Acfdr-«..,�----, ------change can come about is throug� ·them." This policy ap FREUMO transitional government in 1974. Gumane also said the plot peared to be operating through the early seventies including had the backing of South African Interests. Part of the financial ar "" the period of the CIA's secret war of assistance to South Afri rangement.,,-as 516.000c-hanneled through a Lisboncompany. can invasion of Attgola. Spring 197�. CounterSpy 55 54 CounterSpy. Spring 197� arranged forU.S. officials to tour Silverrnine. African defense communication systems to the armed forces Melvin Laird, former Secretary of Defense and a ne'w mem• of the West. n Nearly two thirds of the 1800 cubic meters of floor space is AROl"".0 TH[ WORLD her of President Ford's Foreig Intelligence Advisory Board CIA which oversees all U.S. intelli nce programs, expressed in forvarious staff offices, as well as a conference room. The of ge terest in the South African proposal after a tour of the Silver fices of the Operational Staff running Silvermine are one floor 7 mine. deeper in the stone mountain. The bomb-proof center is now Western military strategists are ripe for South Africa's offer equipped with radar scopes, computers, crypto machines, and because they worry about the Soviet naval buildup in the In other communication equipment designed to acquire. collate, dian Ocean and the South Atlantic. Although CIA analysts and maintain a continuous surveillance of all air and sea traf. believe Soviet forces deployed in the Indian Ocean "have been fiealong South Africa'sseacoasts. relatively small and inactive," the U.S. Navy still shows con In a pttff-piece for Silvermine, Neil Ulman of the Wall Street cern.J They believe the increase in Soviet naval ships in the Journal described the facility in a report filed from South Indian Oceanfrom no "ship days'' in 1967to some 1,480"ship Africa on July 31, 1975: days" spent there in 1971 to over 2,400 in 197◄ may affect "On Silwnnine '.r 11ideo .rcreen.s, the ocean area.r from the politicaldevelopments along the Persian Gulf in Africa and on ea.rt coo.rtof South Americato Bangladesh and fromche bulge the Indian subcontinent. Finally, with the collapse of Portu of We.rt Africa to the Antarctic can be represented in their guese authority in southern Africa some Western strategists enh'rety or in sections of l'Qriou.s siza. At the touch of a com I view "this buJlish rival" as a test of American power "whose puter con.role, a watch officer can .rummon, for example a recently rea1ized military outreach leads to dangerous adven geographic di.splayof all merchant .rhip.r in any .relected area, tures." 4 or all ea.rtbound merchant shi'p.r, or all .naval W?Ssels. Ha11ing Pentagon brass arc also receptive to the purchase of Silver• .spotted a 11es.rel on the video di.splay, the operator can query mine because they believe their naval port and telecommuni the computer for any combination of the ship'.r characteri.rtics, cations intelligence facility on the island of Diego Garcia "in including type,Jize, course, JfH!ed,flag, cargo, -weapons,.search the Indian Ocean may be too isolated to adequately monitor and rescue capabilitieJ, la.rtpo.st, destination, radar and cam �ict ships. During debates over the latest appropriation for munication.s equipment, medical facilities or personnel em• the island, the Navy implied that the Diego Garcia base would barked and el-'f!n the hours at which the Jhi'p'.t radio officers make a big difference to U.S. defense capabilities because it .rtand watch. The consul keyboard also elOkes Jimilar data would be the only base that could be Used to strike targets in on aJ/aircraft in the area. " both China and the SovietUnion. The criticism of Silvermine may be best exemplified by the But Chester Bowles, a former ambassador to India, wrote Commander of Silvermine who was quoted In the same article at the time; "If we intend to frighten the Russians and othen as saying the "data are only as good as the intelligence the out of the Indian Ocean, it is a laughable gesture." s Taking computer receives." Several experts on communications and a different viewpointis former CIA Director William E. Colby intelligence interviewed both here and in Europe, claim that who claims the use of Diego Garcia may actually speed up the the bulk of Silvermine's data on ships and planes come from Sovietpresence as a responseto the U.S. 6 ordinary shipping and air travel lists such as the Lloyds Ship Sea Power magazine in November, 1975, claimed there is ping List. These are the common sources of the data displayed "absolutely no doubt the U.S. Navy would like to maintain a on Silvermine's computer consoles. The critics believe Silver permanent mini-Heet (destroyers, frigates, submarines, gun mine is no better than any routine air or sea terminal in its l?oats, and perhaps even an aircraft carrier)" in South Africa. ability to monitor traffic. Critics discount even the capabilities of advanced telecom The PbyolcalCa,om of Slloermlne munications spying on ships and aircraft in the region. Visits from NSA and its British counterpart, Government Communi According to several reliable sources, Silvermine was com cations headquarters (GCHQ), has resulted in some improve ·missioned in 1973 by South African Prime Minister John Vor ments of Silvermine's electronic espionage capabilities. The ster after an initial investment of about S30 million. Silver improvements may be Si nals Intelligence (SIGINT) and mine is headquarters, for a communications and intelligence g SILVERMINE Electronic Warfare. s.ystcm with two territorial commands at Durban on the east SIGINT could give Silvermine the capability of monitoring ,ii Wlmlowl'eck coast and Walvis Bay in South Africa-occupied Namibia on communications and radar transmission to gain information !;f intelligencecapabilities. Some critics even believe the nevi:and the west coast. There is a transmining station about ◄O miles the U.S. Navy and the super-secret on the source of those transmissions. If Silvermine could use Memben of Congress, t -secret electronic sensorbattlefield - developed for Stiver• away at Durbanville, to prevent transmitters from the stations Agency (NSA) are submitting t� �uth Af SIGINT effectively, it could: break codes of Soviet ships in the LI National Security .:fne to monitor andpreecat infiltrationof guerri11a insurgents from affecting the receivers at Silvermine. The stations' power 5 use Silvcrmlne. a multi-mtlhon dollar Indian Ocean, locate Soviet submarines, analyze new radar rica' offerto let them acrossthe border between black and white Africa- is a fake. generation system can supply power to a town of 10,000inhabi• 1:I complex that probably doesn't •·ork. equipment on Soviet ships, eavesdrop on diplomatic communi- ii espionage control Silvennine is only the sweetener in the aparthied South Af· tants. The Durbanville station is linked to the Silvermine cen as an ''ultra-modern and fully com ca s h o a e i a un I Sihermine is touted rican government's larger maneuver to join NA TO and secure ter through microwave remote control. and electronic espionage �r:Ct;!�� �:r�;�:."if �-�Ji::.e;:c;;;r�; ::u,� �!�r a �!�t puterized maritime communications the Southern Oceansfor the West. For almost a decade. South The center of Silvermine is so far beneath the ground that •·atch over all range or activities for Silvennine. With an electromagnetic center with the ability to maintain a continuous a great degree of protection is afforded, to both equipment South Africa has offered NA TO its sea ports, numerous small air spectrum that bas been politicized and militarized so that air and sea traffic from Bangladesh to South America." its and personllel, against conventional as well as biological and NATO/South fields and small, but well-equipped army. In return, South adversary nations �nfront each other eJec�ronically. Silver Africa claims it would be a vital element of any atomic weapons. Protection is planned so well that every build 1 Africa hopes Americanand European fire.power wi!I _protect it mine can protect South Africa's planes and ships by finding Africanjoint military operation. • • from its black neighbors to the north. 11115 proposrt10n found ing can function separately - distinct from either the other �elecommum�atlons and and identifying other ships and submarines using Cape sea But many critics l familiar v,ith ready ears in NATO u well as the Pentagon. buildings or the outside world. The upper floor of the complex ·. !l may be JUSt a lot of lanes. Silvermine could conceivably use Electronic Warfare electronic espionage believe Silvermme A Washington, D.C. firm, registered with the Department is protected by two massive steel doon and hidden cameras. llj'! sensors to hear, see and smell as well. ele.ctronicgizmos. . . of Justice as agents ofSouth Africa, arranged many pr�mo• This control point is the pulse of the entire system. On this SIGINT I U S believes Silrtrmioc has good commun1cat1on sys Although South Africa may be able to provide a The tional meetings for Silvermioc. The firm�lso has clos! ties to same floor is the computer room and the connection center, and an Electronic Warfare shield for its borders, it cannot pos ADVOKAAT. the military communications . tems as -�II as right-a·ing industrial aod corporate media holdmgs ID both which handle all direct radio calls from either local or over defense lea�ers. sibly surveille an area as vast as that from South America to network so greatly praised by South African the U.S. and the Republic of South Africa. They have also seas communication centers. All the telecommunications are description of Silvemnne's the far side of the Indian Ocean. Silvermine does not ha,·e the They also believe the exaggerated linked to the National communications network (ships, air antennae arrangement needed to cover the area; nor did Silver planes. etc.) which forms an important bridge linking South mine receive the best equipment v.ith which to break Soviet 56 Counterspy, Spring 1976 Spring 1976. CounterSpy S7 naval codes; andany Soviet submarinecould adequatelyevade The South African Defense Department recently pun:hased, Silvennine"s unclerw•ter monitorin1. through the black market, a large quantn, ofbattlefield sen Pn,JectADVOKAAT•SU-- sors. Thae are of various types. but m..t raemble '"bugs" used in espionage to detect sound, ground vibrations caused ln 1973, after an enormous investment. South Africa bepn by vehicles or infantry, and heat emissions fmfra•red) from Project ADVOKAAT. ADVOKAAT la suppooc,d to be the engines orpeople. Other senson work like chemical ..sniffers" most modem communications and intelligence system in the . to detect es:plostves. and optical .tripwire" devices which sig Atlantic Ocean world with reported links lo nearby Durban and Walvla Bay, nal when an invisible light beam is intenupted. These devices the Royal Navy in London, the U.S. Navy base at San Juan. would beequipped with small low-power trammitters, sendins Puerto Rico, Diego Garcia, Mauritius in the Indian Ocean, the information to local centen and then. ria the Tropo net• Hong Kong, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, and the NSA wort. to Silvermine. Sensorswill alsorespond to animal move. nan] communications station at Londonderry, as well as ment and other natural activity. Since human monitorin1 of NSA's CRITICOM communications network. Connected lo the largenumber of sensorsis impractical. computer analysis the NATO communications system, ADVOKAAT's routine mmt be used to identify and locate potential threats while unclassified intelligence is abo fed to the U.S. Coast Guard's Ignoringtbe false alarms. ,. worldwide search and rescue center at Governor's Island in Once the computer has Identified a threat, it could activate New York Oty. mines or other weapons�in the area and relay informa SUvennine'sElectronic Many technological e1:perts who have examined ADVQ.. tion back to air basa in the area to guide bomb raids on the KAA T daim it isqothin1 morethan a simple impnwement on tarp:t. Finding the enemy is the biggest problem in counter EspionageNetwork theexistit 11 high frequency ham radiocommunications and in ing guerilla tactics. and electronic intdli� gath�ring can certain instances is slower than using telephone lines.However, significantly reduce the demandon around forces. there is one new element to ADVOKAAT that expertssay has According co Hall andothen, the el«tronic battlefield has � Electronkmonitoring 1latlon1 raisedeyebrows. probably been activated in the key border areas around the Jock Hall, a fi>rmer telecommunications npert for tbe Brit Cunene Dam in Angola and the CaprM Strip but couldcon• ish Marconi corporation, m:eotly left Martoni Communica ceivably cover the entiR border. 1be lou of South A&ican tions Systems Ud., when he realized the significant role h control of this,dam, which supplies power to several major played in Southern Africa. He ex,._t tbe company's con uranium mines, would impede South Africa's nuclear pro. struction of a new communications Hok from Silvermine to gram. an elcctrvnic battlefield in Namibia. Hallwrote that tbeSouth Crhics, who clabn it will never be fully effective, note the Africans already poosessed the radar, detection devlc:a American experie"'" with the IGLOO WHITE electronic (SIGINT and Electronic Warfare), and the computer to imple around the battlefieldin South East Asia. IGLOOWHITE, a system sbni cape. This •·as further formalized by a resolution A&ica. Mr. Callahan (now the Prime Minister of England). ment thla defense,ystem, but that h "must have adopted .. the Marconi lar to that of the SouthAfricans, which was supposed to mon• on May 26. 197� by the Council of the Atlantic Treaty said that, Studies have been made, but there is no commit• TropoophericScatter Oropo) System to link their surveillance Association's itor infiltration along the Ho Chi Minh Trail, was a complete Spring Meeting held at SACLANT headquarters ment on the part of NATO members to engage collectively or centers and strike bases to themain military control center at failure. Many sensors were destroyed. Computers could not in Norfolk, Va. 'Theresolution stated that: individuallyin activities outside the NATO area." 14 Silvermine."' '"The extraordinary distinguish water buffalo from human bcinp. Many of its a:panslon of Soviet sea po•-er in recent At a London luncheon that sa�e month. the Chairman of detection devices were countered by the genius of the [nclo,. yean has transformed the security problems of the Alliance. the NATO military Committee, Admiral Sir Peter Hill-Norton as defined , " cbinese guerillu; they placed buckets of urine in strategic by the North Atlantic Treaty. The Council of the suggested that three or four NATO members with .blue• Atlantic Treaty Silvermine isjust anothertoy spots to "fool" the sensors which could detect human body Association registen its concern at this devel water" navies.including Britain, could combine into a group opment ...that naval cooperation odor.11Critics doubt the SouthAfrican governmentcould do 1 among the Allies is re ootside the alliance's framework to monitor •·hat •·as going quired outside the to impress NATO. '' much better with Silvennine. The borderarea ADVOKAAT gcographical boundaries of the Treaty area. on in the Indian Ocean. In this way. he suggested a NATO The adjustment must cover is much larger than the Ho Chi Minh Trail. Ac· of Allied sea power to the Soviet expansion "area of interest" could be established in addition to Europe. on the seas is necessary cording 10 one critic, Silvermine's electronic battlefield in to maintain deterrence against both West Germany's representative on the NA TO military com Tropo la used by all majol' mUhary _... tor medium and nuclear and telligence and communicatiom system '"is just another toy to non•nuclear attack, and equally against maritime mtttee, Lt. General Gunher Rall, was forced by the Bonn loaa ranaeoommunicatiom beca111e it oflns secure and reli routes bnpressNATO." critical to ttaeAJlies in peace or in war - the sea Janes government to resign in October 1975, when it was revealed ablelints withoulvulo«able puand n,laysy,tans by bouacina for petroleum .. or other vital supplies for example . u (empha he had traveled to South Africa under an assumed name to messages off a layer in tbc atmosphere. This technology la sisadded) NATOMa,PN-SealbAfrloaadSO.-- visitSilvermlne and other military and atomic insta11ations. u supposed to overcome tbc dilemma that "people are too slow This resolution, despite the guarded language and the ab to think i>r modern warfare." It can carry electronic infor• On April 23, 1969, the South Africans published their De sence of any direct reference to South Africa, clearly refers to fense White Paper, the fint open proposalftom SouthAfrica mation.as well u voices,from radar systems, electronic battle• the security of the Cape route. More than 25.000 ships pass Promotionfor SU,ermlne field senson, and reconnaissance aircraft. The data can then to join NATO forces.It stated that, "Theconsiderable harbor around the Cape of Good Hope every year. making it the With NATO interest ripe for a liaison "Aith South African be analyzed by computers hundreds of miles away from tbe andrepair facilities in Simonstownand elsewhere in our coun• world's busiest sea Jane. Over half of Western Europe's oil defense forces. South Africa began selling the concept in battle and command decisions made and implemented auto-. try. as well u the modem communication and control faci,Ji. (seven million barrels a day) and about one fourth of her food earnest. In January. 197◄. Dr. Connie Mulder. South Africa's matic:.ityby the computer in fractions ofa second. des (Silvermine), all provided at great expense. are indis supplies float past South Africa. About one fifth of aU U.S. Minister of Information and possible heir to Prime Minister Hall wasasked to install tbetr_.. tter system 1or the sys pensable to Allied naval forces in the Southern Allantic and oil �so runs around the Cape. from the Persian Gulf to N"· John Vorster. made a two-week "private" visit to the U.S. tem in Namibia. Whenhe realiz.ed he wu opening up the sys• Indian Oceanareas." u York. While here. he met with Gerald Ford hhen Vice President) tem for the wars against Black Africahe quit. He stated these Some NATO countries objected to the paper. TheNATO European NATO members also showed interest in a NATO as •-ell as Vice Admiral Ray Peet, Deputy Assistant Secretary reasonsfor its usein SouthernAfrica: treaty stipulates that an attack on any member country con• relationship •ith South Africa. in the office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Inter• "TT,e growin1 po_, of B/,,c/c ,v;.-.. npnunu a lo"B• stitutesan attack against the Alliance as a whole. Although the In February, 1975. four French warships made a call at national Security - the Pentagon's ''State Department''.16 He strategic t,.reat to the South J\fncan occvpatiollof Nam· NATO area of operations, at that time, stopped at the Tropic South term A&ican ports which •·ere follo•·ed by visits of top South met with other leading political figurestoo. ibio, to which a sopl,irticated defe,ue sy.,tem would be a val· of Cancer (a third of the way down the west coast of the COD· African defenseofficials to Paris. u After the fascist regime in Portugal was overthrown in April uable counter. Tlte immediate problem facing the occupying tinentl and by definition there was no threat to any NATO The British had been steadily increasing their naval exer 197S. a commander-in-chief of the South African Defense force,i, guerilla activity.. • and infiltrationfrom Angola and interests beyond that area, NATO influencespread southward cises with South A&ica since the late sixties. In October.197◄. Forces. Admiral Hugo Bierman. a public advocate of a South Zambia. Deir praaee Aas pul,..,.,. dem.,.d, on tAe limited over the next few yean in responseto the South Africanappeal a major controversy was provoked in Britain by one of these African-U.S. military alliance. had a private meeting in Wash manpower of tlu So,,tJ, Ajiicott•, whou anempU at repra· and their promotion of Silvermine. exercises. When the British w Foreign Secretary was questioned ington. D.C. •ith then acting Secretary (no Secretary) of the o ,ucca,. 71,q l,ope lo change In November 1972, j1,1.st three years later, the NATO.Council U.011 h N achieved litde ,olid in the House of Commons on November 6. 197◄ by a Labour Navy William Middendorf. 1/ti, by aua,,...,09 11,d, /JortJar def,_ will o■to-..1 de requested that the Supreme Allied Command in the Atlantic M.P .• .. about \\'hether NATO had become involved with South David Manin reporting in the January JO.1976 Nev,•States· tectiolsdnica Ji,,hdto tie mmp,,taUIIUr'OIsu.,,,,,,,;,.._ , (SACLANT) devise plans for the protection of supply �outes Spring1976. Counterspy S9 SI Counterspy, Spring 1976 man that the discussions were under the umbrella of SAC· a vast underground comple:1. eager supportfrom NATO mili• LANT. claimed that the South African had argued that the tary strategists. the promotion of the entire South African Portuguese coup meant the southern prop of NATO had defense establishment. and a hot-shot public relations firm to fallen and only South Africa could replace it. The Bierman sell its message to America. ''OURIONG visit culminated in an agreement to supply South Africa with NATO radar, electronic warfare equipment and codes.There Win.slow Peck served .;,;th the Air Force component of the is some indication that the agreement went much further and National Security Agency in Turkey, Germany, and Vietnam, included standardization of South African equipment •·ith reaching the position of senior analyst. Since leaving govern· ment service, Ire has written several mqjor articles on the NS.A NA1IONAL NATO. Several memben of Congress have visited Silvermine in and has done extensive research into the activities of the CIA. cluding: William Ketchum (R-Cal.), Philip M.Crane (R-111.1. FtN1tnotea Oair W. Burgener (R.Cal.), Norman F. Lent(R-N.YJ. G.Wil• N liam Whitehurst (R-Va.). Bob Wilson (R.Cal.J. Richard H. 1.••South Africa, Sllllonstov,n, Sovteto, Shaka, Silvennlnc and Sep• lchord (D- Mo.), Harold Runnels 62 CounterSpy, Spring 1976 Spring l976. CounterSpy 63 LATIN AMERICA l'llelllcSladleoC.- NATIVE AMERICANS Why a Public Education Project? 1963 UniversityAyenuc -Lolloon-c-JUoo Solldanf;JCo-1U-wllb tho E. Palo Alto, CA 94303 c/o Gridlcy Mohawk Nation One of the many lessons learned during the 60's and Aqmdml'eoplt 106So. Main, Suite 420-422 --via Rooscvc:ltown,NY 13683 in the aftermath of Watergate is that there is a need for POBox4565 _,,..,...._ID,_. ... Siou11Falls, SD 57101 Grand Central Station �c.-...... 518-358-4697 Y_W_l-1_ alternatives to government analysis and propaganda. NewYork, NY 10017 aadA.tlaa Cemmll1ee The Public Education Project on the Intelligence Com POBox4430 1500Farragut StreetNW ...... POBoi:4073 POBox49 munity is a vehicle for those determined to obtain in Washington,OC Dll l Be ·� -'-'" .....,.._ ...,. ... si,-2; Counterspy Box 64 7 Ben Franklin Station Bulk Rate U.S. POSTAGE Washington, D.C. 20044 PAID Washington, D.C. Permit No. 45186 **TIME TO RENEW YOUR SUBSCRIPTION: COUNTER Spy If your label code says 31. "shocking . ..paranoic ...cynical" WilliamE. Colby, former CIA Director "The CIA'snemesis" Newsweek CounterSpy 647, FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20535 The purpose of this memorandum is to review articles entitled "Agents and Informers" and "Counter-insurgency Comes ..t . Home", which appear in a quarterly journal entitled, ,. "Counter-Spy", dated Fall, 1974 (copies attached). It is noted in memorandum to dated 9/13/74, that this journal was obtained by at a conference on the CIA and covert actions held in the 0... Dirksen Senate Office Building on 9/12/74. -I;; ID 0 The publisher of the quarterly is The Organizing 0, 2 Committee for a Fifth Estate (OCFE). "Counter-Spy" is self w ¥ described as a source of analyses and information on the • u practices, organization and objectives of U.S. intelligence. 0 a: J,401'1 Facsimile from an FBI report 0 0 NIIC ••W .,a:za::a...... a: ,---Please send me ------the quarterly journal of tne Fifth Estate. I Enclosed is$ I.SO (sample copy) Enclosed is$ 18 (overseas) I Enclosed is$15 (sustainer sub) Enclosed is$6 (one year) I Name ______Street ______I City ______I State, Zip ______Checks should be payable to the Organizing Committee for a Fifth Estate. I P.O. Box 647. Ben Franklin Station, Washington, D.C. 20004 I