Abu Dhabi 2019

Home , Ali ibn Ridwan, Maghrebi script, Philip III of Spain

Abu dhabi 2019

Peter Harrington london We are exhibiting at these fairs:

24–30 April 2019 abu dhabi Abu Dhabi National Exhibition Centre www.adbookfair.com

7–9 June firsts london Battersea Evolution Battersea Park, London www.firstslondon.com

27 June – 3 July masterpiece The Royal Hospital, Chelsea www.masterpiecefair.com

3–6 October frieze masters Regent's Park, London www.frieze.com/fairs/frieze-masters

VAT no. gb 701 5578 50 Peter Harrington Limited. Registered office: WSM Services Limited, Connect House, 133–137 Alexandra Road, Wimbledon, London sw19 7jy. Registered in England and Wales No: 3609982 Cover decorations from Alexandre Girardot's original sketchbooks, item 9. Design: Nigel Bents. Photography: Ruth Segarra.

7—9 JUNE 2019 BATTERSEA PARK

Peter Harrington 1969 london 2019

ABU DHABI INTERNATIONAL BOOK FAIR 24–30 April 2019

Abu Dhabi National Exhibition Centre (ADNEC) Stand Number 9D18

part i THE ISLAMIC WORLD items 1–31

part ii THE WESTERN CANON items 32–65

mayfair chelsea Peter Harrington Peter Harrington 43 Dover Street 100 Fulham Road London w1s 4ff London sw3 6hs uk 020 3763 3220 uk 020 7591 0220 eu 00 44 20 3763 3220 eu 00 44 20 7591 0220 usa 011 44 20 3763 3220 www.peterharrington.co.uk usa 011 44 20 7591 0220 PART I: THE ISLAMIC WORLD

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The forced expulsion of former Muslims from Spain under the threat of death to convert to Christianity. The problem for these writers was that the expulsion of baptized Christians had 1 been undertaken without papal ratification or the support of all the AZNAR CARDONA, Pedro. Expulsion justificada de Spanish hierarchy. Aznar Cardona used a variety of ingenious the- los Moriscos españoles, y suma de las excellentias ological grounds to justify the expulsion, including the argument that Muhammad was a precursor of Antichrist, his initial success Christianas del nuestro Rey Don Felipe et Catholico having been permitted by God as a punishment for sin. Aznar Tercero. Dividida en dos partes. Huesca: por Pedro Cabarte, Cardona claims to be writing primarily as the amanuensis for his 1612 uncle Fr Gerónymo Aznar, prior of the monastery of St Augustine Small octavo (143 × 95 mm), in 2 parts. Contemporary mottled sheep, spine in Huesca. Although obviously written with a heavily negative bias, gilt in compartments, red morocco label, marbled endpapers, red edges. Ti- Aznar Cardona’s work constitutes a valuable witness to conditions tle within ornamental border. Paper shelfmark label at foot of spine, no oth- of life among Spanish subjects of Muslim heritage, including their er library marks, occasional early marginalia. Small hole in sig. N8 costing dress, diet, and daily customs, and has been a key source for later a couple of letters on three lines either side, paper restoration to lower fore writers on the subject. margin of sig. Dd8 just touching the last letter of 11 line-ends on verso only, Although reasonably well represented in institutional holdings sig. Rr4 turned up at foot and printed over the fold, just shaving a couple of worldwide, the book is rare in commerce, the only copy listed in letters and the signature (a print-shop accident, rather than a major flaw), a little faint staining at foot to early leaves, a couple of minor tears not affect- auction records in the last half-century being one in contemporary ing text, notwithstanding these minor issues, a very good copy. vellum sold at Ketterer Kunst Doerling, 21 November 2005. very scarce first edition, an important early text, one of a Goldsmiths’ C184; Graesse I, 268; Palau 21125 (“obra estimada”). number of works by Catholic apologists who sought to justify the £6,750 [132687] mass expulsion of the Moriscos decreed by Philip III of Spain on 9 April 1609, an act of what would now be called ethnic cleansing. Moriscos were former Muslims and their descendants who had been pressured by the Catholic church and the Spanish Crown

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Arabic poetry for English readers At the time of the presentation, William Morris’s wife Jane, the muse of several pre-Raphaelite painters, was mourning the death 2 in 1882 of her sometime lover, Dante Gabriel Rossetti. A year later (BAKTIAR-NAMA.) CLOUSTON, William Alexander she would meet her next lover, the poet and political activist Wilfrid (ed.) The Bakhtyar Nama: a Persian Romance. Translated Scawen Blunt, who espoused a serious interest in Islam. Although described as a Persian romance, the earliest known ex- from a Manuscript Text by Sir William Ouseley. [Larkhall, ample of the Baktiar-nama is an Arabic version entitled ‘Aja ‘eb al-bakt Lanarkshire:] privately printed [by William Burns], 1883 fi quessat al-ehday ‘asar waziran ma jara lahom ma ‘Ebn al-Molk Azadbakt, Octavo (182 × 120 mm). Contemporary olive morocco by J. Leighton, Brewer dated 1000 ce (published in Egypt, 1886). The earliest known Per- St., covers with gilt-ruled border with small arabesque cornerpieces, spine sian version is dated 663/1265 (Bib. Nat. ms. 2035; see Cat. Bib. Nat. in six compartments with raised bands, lettered in the second and third IV, pp. 14–15). Clouston’s argument in his preface that the work ulti- compartments, the others with repeat decoration in gilt centred on a styl- mately derives from an Indian original is of historic interest but not ized floral sprig tool, gilt turn-ins, gilt edges. Slight sunning and rubbing, now generally accepted. an excellent copy. first edition thus, one of 300 copies, inscribed to jane £1,250 [132751] morris on the blank preceding the title, “To Mrs. Morris from The Editor”, and probably bound for presentation. Ouseley’s translation was originally published in 1800 but had become rare by the 1880s and the Orcadian scholar Clouston considered it worth re- printing. Noted on the title page as editor of Arabian Poetry for English Readers (1881), Clouston also contributed to Burton’s Supplemental Arabian Nights. He and William Morris would have known each other through the Early English Text Society, founded by their mutual acquaintance, the tactless and pugnacious Dr Frederick J. Furnivall, to whom Clouston regularly gave editorial assistance. 2

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A European makes the hajj, a classic of travel literature carried considerable risk. During the several days that Burton spent in Mecca, he performed the associated rites of the pilgrimage such 3 as circumambulating the Kaaba, drinking the Zemzem water and BURTON, Richard F. Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage stoning the devil at Mount Arafat. His resulting book surpassed all to El-Medinah and Meccah. London: Longman, Brown, preceding Western accounts of the holy cities, made him famous and became a classic of travel literature, described by T. E. Law- Green, and Longmans, 1855–6 rence as “a most remarkable work of the highest value”. 3 volumes, octavo. Original dark blue morocco-grain cloth, title gilt to spines, spine decoration and panelling to the boards in black, terracotta provenance: Charles Thurburn, with his engraved bookplates to surface-paper endpapers with advertisements to pastedowns, most of vol. 2 the pastedowns and inscriptions to titles and front free endpapers unopened. Housed in a dark blue quarter morocco solander box by the Chel- in each volume, an interesting association. Of Scottish origin, the sea Bindery. 15 plates of which 5 are chromolithographs (including the fa- Thurburn family were well established as merchants in Alexandria. mous portrait of Burton as “The Pilgrim” mounted as frontispiece to vol. 2), Robert Thurburn (1784–1860) was British consul in Alexandria dur- 8 single-tint lithographs, engraved plate of “Bedouin and Wahhabi Heads”, ing the Napoleonic wars. Burton began his pilgrimage to Mecca 4 maps and plans (3 folding). Edmonds & Remnants binder’s ticket at end of from Alexandria, going by donkey to the home of Robert’s brother, vol. I, contemporary bookseller’s tickets of Charles Haselden, 21 Wigmore John Thurburn, the father-in-law of an old Oxford friend. Street. Corners softened, extremities only lightly rubbed, an excellent copy, hinges intact, generally clean, much better than usually met with. Abbey Travel 368; Gay 3634; Howgego IV B95; Ibrahim-Hilmy I p. 111; Penzer, pp. 49–50 (writing in 1923: “Very rare and increasing in value”). first edition, an exceptionally well-preserved copy in the entirely unrestored original cloth. Fewer than half a dozen Europeans had £12,500 [130691] made the hajj, or pilgrimage to the Islamic holy cities of Mecca and Medina, forbidden to non-Muslims, and lived. Of those only the Swiss explorer J. L. Burckhardt had left a detailed account. Burton made the pilgrimage in complete disguise as a Muslim native of the Middle East, an exploit of linguistic and cultural virtuosity which

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Burton's pilgrimage with moving pictures travaganzas and stage-based illusions . . . It is tempting to separate the various strands making up the Polytechnic’s programmes and 4 consider each of them in isolation, but in reality the divisions were BURTON, Richard Francis. The Guide-Book. A Pictorial not always as clear-cut as might be imagined. Spectacular dissolv- Pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina. (Including some of the ing views and mechanical magic lantern effects might accompany a lecture on the mysteries of spectrum analysis, while a topical lec- More Remarkable Incidents in the Life of Mohammed, ture on the horrors of the Indian Mutiny required elaborate sound the Arab Lawgiver). London: Printed for the Author by William effects after the manner of a stage melodrama” (Brooker, “The Poly Clowes & Sons, 1865 technic Ghost”in Early Popular Visual Culture, V, 2, July 2007, p. 189). Octavo. Original green glazed paper wrappers, author and title printed Burton’s wife describes the exhibition, and at least one of its ef- in black to front panel within single rule border with quatrefoil corners. fects: “‘On the 17th of May the Polytechnic in London opened with an Housed in green cloth folding case, title gilt to the spine. Wood-engraved account of Richard’s travels in Mecca, and a dissolving view of Rich- portrait frontispiece, with tissue-guard as issued. Wrappers somewhat ard’s picture in uniform. It was arranged by Mr. Pepper of “Pepper’s rubbed and lightly soiled, chafing at the spine edges, some lateral cracks Ghost,” and a quantity of little green pamphlets with the lecture were to the spine and a little chipping at head and tail, small inked paper private sold at the door” (The Life of Captain Sir Richard F. Burton I, p. 398). library shelfmark label to the verso of front wrapper, three out of four of Historically perhaps the most important aspect of this text wrapper corners creased but holding, remains a very good copy. is that it presented Burton with an opportunity to correct “the first edition of one of Burton’s most elusive and desirable curious mistakes in my first two editions”, as well as to offer a works, categorised by Penzer as “exceedingly scarce”. This pam- description of the main rites connected with the hajj, togeth- phlet was prepared by Burton to accompany an exhibition of “dis- er with an account of the life, death, and burial of Mohammed. solving views” worked up from his own sketches, commissioned A great Burton rarity, with just three locations showing on Co- for the Royal Polytechnic Institution in Regent Street, London. pac: British Library, King’s College London, and the Pitt Rivers col- Under Pepper the Royal Polytechnic Institution had become a re- lection at Cambridge. OCLC adds eight further. markable establishment, “a repository for inventions, a pioneer- Casada 39; Penzer p. 76; Spink 37. ing venue for the popularization of science, but at the same time a place of popular entertainment, famous for its screen-based ex- £25,000 [127210]

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The first Englishman to visit all four key sites of antiquity Staper, a member of the newly formed English East India Compa- in the Near East ny, who was in Aleppo, on his way there. Having stayed in Aleppo for some two months, the two Englishmen travelled together for 5 part of the way, members of a caravan of some 1,000 people. “After separating from Mildenhall, Cartwright proceeded to Esfahan and CARTWRIGHT, John. The Preachers Travels. Wherein continued to travel widely in the Middle East” (Howgego). The text is set downe a true Journall to the confines of the also includes a brief account of the experiences of Anthony Sherley, East Indies, through the great countreyes of Syria, the famous English adventurer whose own account of Persia was Mesopotamia, Armenia, Media, Hircania and Parthia. not published until 1613. Cartwright appears to be the first English- With the Authors returne by the way of Persia Susiana, man to have been to all four key sites of antiquity in the Near East: Assiria, Chaldaea, and Arabia . . . Also a true relation of Babylon, Nineveh, Persepolis, and Susa. Cartwright, identified on the title page as “sometimes student Sir Anthonie Sherleys Entertainment there . . . London: in Magdalen College in Oxford”, is invariably referred to as “The printed [by William Stansby] for Thomas Thorppe, and are to bee Preacher” after the title of this book; his name is often listed as be- [sic] sold by Walter Burre, 1611 ing employed by the Levant Company in that capacity. Yet one of Small quarto (174 × 130 mm). Later polished tree calf, red morocco labels, the oddest features of his fascinating travel tale is that Cartwright raised bands, placed and dated in gilt at foot, marbled endpapers, gilt edges. never once makes mention of preaching, either in any of the places Title within typographical border, woodcut floriated initials and headpieces. to which he went or to any congregations. In fact he may well have Without blank leaf A4. Early 20th-century bookseller’s ticket of Myers & Co., been travelling solely to satisfy his desire for sight-seeing. If so, recent collector’s bookplate of Howard Knohl. Front joint neatly repaired, Cartwright’s travels offers evidence that the notion of travel simply small pale stain to title page, some unobtrusive marginalia, occasionally out of personal interest, not tied to either commerce or diplomacy trimmed a little close, just shaving signature of K3, but the margins generally (or earlier, to pilgrimage), had been in occasional existence some good, overall a very good copy. time before it was firmly established in the 18th century. first edition. John Cartwright probably left England in April Bell C95; Howgego I, C58; Macro, Bibliography of the Arabian Peninsula, 686. 1600, and travelled to Aleppo via Sicily, Zante (Xakinthos) and Crete. At Aleppo, where he was welcomed by the consul, Richard £22,500 [128759] Colthurst, he met John Mildenhall, then in the employ of Richard

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Superbly illustrated compendium of travels in the Arabian ones for each of his books; he did not lift whole passages from one Peninsula and the surrounding region book, but often based a single paragraph on two or three different sources. In this sense his work is indispensable to modern schol- 6 arship, as it reflects manuscript sources that have since been lost. Central to the contemporary appeal of Dapper’s works were the DAPPER, Olfert. Naukeurige Beschryving van Asie: engravings, which ranged beyond the geographical interest served behelsende de Gewesten van Mesopotamie, Babylonie, by maps and views. Clothing, eating habits, religious beliefs, court Assyrie, Anatolie, of Klein Asie: beneffens eene volkome ceremonies, and judicial practices were all subjects discussed by Beschrijving van gansch Gellukigh, Woest, en Petreesch travellers and missionaries in letters and travel books and were re- of Steenigh Arabie. Amsterdam: Jacob van Meurs, 1680 produced by Dapper. The plates (here in excellent strong impressions) include superb views of Baghdad, Abydos, Ephesus, Smyrna, 2 parts bound in 1, folio (317 × 194 mm). Contemporary vellum, title inked Magnesia, Muscat, and Mecca. Among the half-plates are attractive on spine, three-line blind tooled border on sides enclosing a large arabesque blind stamp, red speckled edges. Letterpress title printed in red and black; botanical subjects, including the coffee tree (p. 62 in the second engraved pictorial title, 12 double-page engraved view (2 also folding), 3 part). The Atabey Library copy counts 16 plates but one of these is double-page maps, 22 half-page plates. Bookplate of Heyse-Tak; front board an additional botanical plate not called-for in the collation. sprung, 19th-century repair to fore edge of engraved title. An attractive copy Arcadian Library 8342; Atabey 322; this edition not in Blackmer; Macro 805. in a contemporary binding. first edition of Dapper’s Asia Minor and Mesopotamia; a German £6,000 [100075] edition followed in 1681. In common with contemporaries such as John Ogilby, the Dutch physician Olfert Dapper (1639–1689) never travelled to visit the lands he wrote about, instead compiling extant translations and other eye-witness accounts to produce lavish and encyclopaedic books for the northern European readership. His and others work thus both reflected and directed growing public interest in distant places and foreign peoples. Dapper was meticulous in using hundreds of published sources and several unpublished

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Two landmark studies of the Arabic language, from the from title to sig. F4, occasionally reappearing, and to upper margin sigs. A1–4, the text never affected, old restoration to lower outer corners of F3 and library of Louis XIV of France's dragoman R4 (to partial loss of catchwords), lower inner corners of T1 and T4, and Z1 upper outer (to loss of pagination in the latter), extensive tear to S4 some- 7 time repaired, the paper slightly misaligned and the text partially obscured ERPENIUS, Thomas. [Arabic title] Kitab al-Jarrumiyah but still easily guessed, small spill-burn to Cc2 obscuring a couple of letters wa-Mi’at al-’amil. Grammatica Arabica dicta Gjarumia, recto. These flaws unobtrusive overall; a good copy that presents well. et Libellus Centum regentium, cum versione Latina, & first editions of these two landmark studies of the arabic language. From the library of Pierre Dippy (1622–1709), commentariis. Leiden: Erpenius, 1617; Maronite dragoman to Louis XIV of France and chair of Arabic and [bound after:] FABRICIUS, Johann. Specimen Arabicum Syriac at the Collège Royal in Paris from 1667 to his death, the title . . . Rostock: Hallervord, 1637 pages inscribed “Ex libris Pierre Dippy” in a contemporary hand (the name ineffectually struck out), the title of the Kitab additionally 2 works in one volume, quarto (179 × 133 mm). Eighteenth-century French inscribed “1654”; both title pages are also inscribed in Arabic, “this cat’s-paw calf, expertly rebacked to style, two-line blind frames to sides, red is the book of Butrus ibn Diyab al-Halabi [Dippy’s Arabic name], edges, marbled endpapers, bound green silk page-marker; the Kitab al-Jarru- miyah reading back to front. Housed in a brown cloth flat back solander box dragoman to the King of France, may God have mercy on him”, the by the Chelsea Bindery. Engraved title page to the Kitab al-Jarrumiyah; wood- Specimen further inscribed “and whoever reads this this line, 1673”. cut initial figures and headpieces. Several passages in the Specimen asterisked The Arabic formula “may God have mercy on him” is invariably in the margins in a contemporary hand; frequent lightly pencilled margina- used only of the dead, and the hand appears to be that of a native, lia in French and Arabic to both texts, late–18th or early–19th century. Var- so the inscription was likely added at a later date, perhaps by Dip- iable mild spotting and browning, a few small ink-spots and other marks. py’s nephew and protégé, also Pierre, who tried to succeed him in Kitab al-Jarrumiyah: narrow worm-track to lower outer corners from title to the Arabic chair at the Collège, but was outmanoeuvred by Antoine sig. C2, occasionally reappearing but the text never affected, sig. S3 present in uncancelled state (lacking a line of Arabic text recto), the corrected cancel Galland. There are also inked Arabic marginalia to page 13 of the bound in between R4 and S1. Specimen Arabicum: minor paper disruption in Specimen, and to pages 12, 19, 25 and 115 of the Kitab al-Jarrumiyah, gutter ff. 1–3 with loss of half a letter in f. r1 , small worm-tracks to gutter correcting or adding to the printed text in a fluent contemporary

8 ABU DHABI PART I – THE ISLAMIC WORLD 7 7 hand; the annotation on page 12 of the Kitab is closely trimmed, Fabricius (1608–1653), professor of Hebrew at Rostock, it contains suggesting that the marginalia pre-date the 18th-century binding, the first editions of three highlights of medieval Arabic literature, and are likely to be Dippy’s or an Arabist peer’s. with Latin commentary: the Maqamah al-San’a’iyah of al-Hariri Kitab al-Jarrumiyah is the first Arabic grammar published in the (d. 1122), the first in his famous series of picaresque vignettes in Netherlands. The work of the great orientalist Thomas Erpenius rhymed prose; a poem by Abu’l-’Ala’ al-Ma’arri (d. 1057) entitled (1584–1624), the first professor of Arabic at Leiden, it comprises A’an wakhd al-qilas (“Speeding off on a Camel”), part of his Diwan his Latin commentary on the Ajurrumiyah, a highly influential me- Saqt al-zanad (“The Tinder Spark”) written for Sa’d al-Dawlah, Ham- dieval Arabic grammar by Moroccan scholar Ibn Ajurrum (d. 1327), danid amir of Aleppo; and a qasidah by great Sufi poet Ibn al-Farid together with the second edition of the original Arabic, and the first (d. 1234), Antum furudi wa-nafli(“You are my Duties and Devotions”). edition in the original Arabic of another text, the Mi’at ‘amil (“Hun- Fabricius based his work on the lectures and manuscripts of Dutch dred Rules”) of ‘Abd al-Qadir al-Jurjani (d. 1078), one of the texts orientalist Jakob Golius, who succeeded Erpenius at Leiden. which established Arabic grammar (nahw) as a discipline during the As the king’s personal Arabist, Pierre Dippy was at the heart of emergence of the madrasah. The Ajurrumiyah is “the most widely the revival of the Franco-Ottoman alliance during the reigns of used primer in the whole history of Arabic grammar” (Meri, ed., Louis XIV and Mehmed IV, and was official interpreter during the Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopaedia, p. 300), and inspired famous embassy of Müteferrika Süleyman Aga, whose sensational countless epitomes and commentaries, of which Erpenius’s edition arrival in 1669 triggered a new wave of Turquerie across France. The was especially important: the first edition, published at Rome in primary importance of these two works, and Dippy’s central role 1592, was printed entirely in Arabic so “was by no means easily ac- during a golden age for relations between the Sun King and the cessible to European scholars unfamiliar with Arabic linguistic ter- Sublime Porte, make this a highly appealing and evocative survival minology” (Vrolijk & van Leeuwen, Arabic Studies in the Netherlands, from the first years of serious Arabic study in northern Europe. p. 32). Schnurrer 53 & 70. Specimen Arabicum is considered “the pioneering account of classical Arabic metrics” (Loop, Johann Heinrich Hottinger, Arabic and £9,750 [118772] Islamic Studies in the Seventeenth Century, p. 174). Prepared by Johann

Peter Harrington 9 Gibran's idealized self-portrait, the same image used as Already an accomplished artist, in 1908–10 he studied at the the frontispiece to The Prophet Académie Julian in Paris. At the same time, his literary interests blossomed. He was broadly influenced from the time of his Beirut 8 studies by the writing of the Syrian writer Francis Marrash, whose works dealt with many of the themes of love, freedom and spirit- GIBRAN, Kahlil. [Original drawing: the Prophet uality that were to become Gibran’s hallmarks. Most of his earliest Almustafa.] 1923 or after writings were in Arabic; he was an influential member Arab-Ameri- Graphite on Dartmouth Bond paper, with watermark (26 × 20 cm), signed can League of the Pen (al-Rabita al-Qalamiyya), a group of expatri- with initials in pencil at lower right. Minimal toning to edges, overall fine. ate writers then active in New York, often referred to as “al-Mahjar”, original drawing by the author, a version of the same image issuing numerous newspaper articles, poems and several books. In that was used as the frontispiece to The Prophet. It is evidently an 1918, Gilbran published his first book in English, The Madman, a idealized portrait of Gibran himself. Several versions are known; collection of seven parables, and this was followed by several Eng- this example was a gift to Barbara Young, his last companion and lish-language works, some with his illustrations, before The Prophet assistant, author of a biography of Gibran. was published by Alfred Knopf in 1923. Gibran (1883–1931) emigrated from Lebanon (in what was then It is this work, a collection of 26 prose poetry fables, which has the Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate) with his parents and siblings, brought Gibran enduring fame outside the Arab world; it remains settling in the South End of Boston. The Boston publisher and pho- one of the most popular works of poetry of all time. It sold out its tographer F. Holland Day funded his education, encouraging him first printing in a month, and has sold in vast quantities thereaf- to read Whitman and study the drawings of Blake. As early as 1898 ter, almost entirely by word-of-mouth. It has been translated into some of Gibran’s drawings were published as binding designs; his at least 50 languages, and somewhere between 50 and 100 million first art exhibition was held in 1904 in Day’s studio. In the inter- copies have been sold world-wide by most estimates, making it vening years, he had returned to Lebanon and studied at al-Hikma, among the most reprinted works of poetry ever written. a Maronite-run preparatory school and college in Beirut, during provenance: Kahlil Gibran to Barbara Young; by gift to Made- which time he started a student literary magazine and made a repu- leine Vanderpoel; by descent to her son, Wynant D. Vanderpoel. tation for himself at the school as a poet. He returned to the United States in 1902. £100,000 [130660]

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A talented French artist illustrates four decades in the ing one “as it appeared in 1831”. The albums are accompanied by a Maghreb photographic portrait of the artist in later years, depicting a well- dressed, solidly-built bourgeois gentleman with a beard, who is ap- 9 parently missing his right arm. Examples of his oils are held in the collections of the Musée de l’Armée in Paris and the Musée Marey GIRARDOT, Alexandre Antoine. Two albums compiled et des Beaux-Arts in Beaune. from an artist’s original sketchbooks recording nearly 40 The inclusion of a rare portrait of Abdelkader, leader of the Alge- years of life in Algeria. Algeria: 1830–67 rian resistance, made in 1852, and of Léon Roche, son of the mayor Two oblong folio albums (360 × 280 mm). Dark green shagreen, concentric of Oran, interpreter to General Bugeaud, and renegade confidante panelling in blind, AG monogram gilt to the centre of the front boards. Ac- to the emir, suggests a military or diplomatic reason for Girardot’s companied by a photographic portrait of the artist c.1860. Housed in two lengthy sojourn in Algeria, an inference supported by his interior burgundy flat-back boxes by the Chelsea Bindery. A total of 420 pages with views of the English and Spanish consulates. more than 1,000 mounted drawings of various sizes, most of which are cap- The two albums represent the artist’s own collection of his Al- tioned, monogrammed and dated between 1840 and 1867. The albums just a gerian sketches, largely comprised of highly-finished pencil draw- little rubbed, some light restoration to head and tail of spines, to joints and board edges, the contents clean and sound, overall very good indeed. ings, a good number completed in watercolour, at a time when the country was otherwise largely unknown to the outside world. The The Parisian artist Alexandre Antoine Girardot (1815–c.1877) en- invasion of 1830 marked the end of several centuries of Ottoman rolled at the École des Beaux-Arts on 6 October 1836. A student of rule in Algeria and the beginning of French Algeria. Blondel, he exhibited regularly at the Salon between 1841 and 1848, submitting views of Algeria and other “oriental” subjects. He prob- £95,000 [110595] ably made his first trip to Algeria at the time of, or shortly after, the French invasion in 1830, when he was only 16 years old; the first album opens with a group of panoramic views of Algiers, includ-

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Peter Harrington 13 Robert Edward Archibald Hamilton (from 1934 Hamilton-Udny, 1871–1950), 11th Lord Belhaven and Stenton (succeeded to the title 1920), was an Indian Army officer, before serving in Mesopotamia (1915–18) during the Great War, where he was mentioned in des- patches. He is alluded to extensively by Philby in The Heart of Arabia (1922) and photographed in Arab garb, alongside Fahad of the Roy- al Bodyguard, at Riyadh. Hamilton was Political Agent in Kuwait when he was chosen to be part of the British Mission to Riyadh, the capital of the Al Saud. It was his task to travel ahead of the other two officers, St John Philby and Lieutenant-Colonel F. Cunliffe-Owen, and to engage Abdulaziz in preliminary discussions. Gertrude Bell refers to this “important mission” and that “their report had been received shortly before I left for Cairo” (see Letters, II p. 520). Hamil- ton was fully aware of his primary objective, “to discover a plan for his [Abdulaziz’s] effective co-operation with us and the Shereef in the work of expelling the Turks from the Peninsula” (p. 19). Hamilton builds a formidable picture of Abdulaziz and, importantly, of his ambitions for the creation of an “Empire of Arabia” controlled by the Al Saud. With some prescience, Hamilton stress- es Abdulaziz’s growing interest in the Ikhwan, a Wahhabi-revivalist movement which later spearheaded Al Saud expansion. After three weeks and two days in Riyadh, Hamilton departed on 5 December with a pair of oryxes—gifts from Abdulaziz to George V. His account of the return journey is comparatively short, but not without interest, ending with his return to Kuwait, ill and exhaust- ed, on 28 December. £50,000 [124525]

An important work on medical diagnosis and treatment 11 IBN JAZLAH (Yahya ibn ‘Issa ibn Jazlah al-Baghdadi). Taqwim al-abdan fi sihat al-insan fi tadbir al-a’m, signed by ‘Ali ibn abi bakr al-katib al-hanafi. [Anatolia or Jazirah: 878 ah / 1473–4 ce] 10 Folio (181 × 135 mm). Arabic manuscript on paper, consisting of 93 folios plus two flyleaves, each with between 20 and 30 lines per page, written in Discussions with Abdulaziz in 1917 black naskh script with important words and headings highlighted in red ink, set within red outlined tables, marginal index letters in red ink with 10 later added pagination in black ink below; set in an earlier tooled and gilded brown morocco binding, with an ogival central medallion, ropework HAMILTON, Robert Edward Archibald. Diary of a spandrels, and strapwork border, exceptionally decorated block-printed Journey in Central Arabia (1917). [No place: for the author, doublures with figures of angels set on floral ground. Ownership inscription from Safi al-din bin Muhammad al-gilani al-baghdadi, who was a doctor in c.1918] the holy city of Mecca. Small folio, pp. [ii], 30 (paper watermarked “Original Cream Laid Kent”). This important medical text was composed during the golden Contemporary pale green buckram. Housed in a green quarter morocco age of Abbasid intellectual discovery. The intellectual boom was solander box by the Chelsea Bindery. Illustration in the text at p. 3 (small line drawing of an Arab well). Boards slightly bowed, a touch of wear to cor- in large part fuelled by interest in and the translating of classical ners. A very good copy. Greek texts on areas as wide ranging as astronomy, philosophy, and of course medicine. Much of the body of classical Greek knowledge first edition, privately printed and remarkably scarce: was translated into Arabic by members of the oriental Christian we have not been able to locate another copy in any institutional communities who lived under Muslim rule. The author of this text, library, either in Britain and Ireland or internationally; only two Ibn Jazlah, comes directly from that mould, having been born a copies have appeared at auction. The official version, which was Nestorian Christian in Baghdad and later having converted to Is- printed for the British Government in May 1918, is of comparable lam, rising to become the official physician of the Abbasid Caliph scarcity: Copac cites only the copy in the India Office Records at al-Muqtadi bi-Amr Allah (r. 1075–94 ce). the British Library. The text itself, which is dedicated to the Caliph al-Muqtadi bi-Amr Hamilton provides an important first-person account of private Allah, is organised in a very practical way. It lists a series of some 352 talks with Abdulaziz, giving a vital insight into his plans for the Al illnesses separated into some 44 tables. The names and symptoms of Saud just 13 years before the unification of Saudi Arabia. Hamil- a given illness are recorded on one page with the suggested courses ton’s description of his route through north-western Najd is also of treatment listed on the facing folio. The practical nature of the text of great value. ensured that it became widely popular. This text was translated into

14 ABU DHABI PART I – THE ISLAMIC WORLD 11

Latin by the Jewish physician Faraj ibn Salem in Sicily in 1280 ce. Ibn A very closely related binding with block-printed figural doublures Jazlah became known in the West under his Latinized name Buhahy- is attributed by David James to Anatolia or Jazirah c.1250–1350 ce (The lyha Bingezla. This present copy shows that his knowledge had trav- Master Scribes, OUP, 1992, no. 48, pp. 196–97). A binding which has elled from the Abbasid heartlands in Iraq to Egypt, where it was still very closely related medallions on the front and back plates and has valued at the Mamluk court some three centuries later. doublures decorated in the same fashion, which are however not fig- Another probably 15th-century copy of this work is in the collec- ural, is in the collection of the Bibliothèque nationale in Paris (Ma- tion of the Bodleian Library (Emily Savage-Smith, A New Catalogue of rie-Genevieve Guesdon & Annie Vernay-Nouri, L’Art du livre arabe du Arabic Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, Vol. I: Med- manuscrit au livre d’artiste, Bibliothèque nationale de France, 2001, no. icine, Oxford, 2011, pp. 573–5, no. 161). For a slightly later copy of 108, p. 148). The binding in the Bibliothèque nationale is catalogued this same work with a detailed description in Arabic of the contents as being original to a manuscript dated to 1153 ce. dated to 2 Muharram 994 ah / 24 December 1585 ce, see Nikolai Arberry, A., A Handlist of the Arabic Manuscripts, Vol. VII, Dublin, 1964, p. 96; Baker, Serikoff, Arabic Medical Manuscripts of the Wellcome Library; A Descriptive Colin (ed.), Guide to the Arabic Manuscripts in the British Library, London, 2001, pp. Catalogue of the Haddad Collection, Leiden 2005, pp. 123–31. Two fur- 360–1. ther copies are in the Chester Beatty Library and two are also in the £30,000 [124655] collection of the British Library.

Peter Harrington 15 12

The last kitab of the Qanun Ibn Sina can be regarded as the most influential writer in the history of medicine. His unparalleled al-Qanun fi’l tibb or “The Canon 12 of Medicine”, completed circa 1025 ce, gathered the totality of IBN SINA (known in the West as AVICENNA). Al-Qanun medical knowledge at the time. Drawing on earlier works of Ga- fi al-tibb (‘The Canon of Medicine’), Volume V. Near East: len, Hippocrates, and Aristotle, it contains many original contributions in the fields of anatomy, gynaecology, and contagion, among 727 ah / 1326 ce others. Less focused on observations than other authors, Ibn Sina Arabic manuscript on paper (241 × 168 mm), 107 folios, 20 lines to the page worked on compiling a rigorous and systematic synthesis of earlier written in naskh script in black ink, important words in red and marginal Greco-Arabic science. The Canon was transmitted to the West in the annotations in red and green; set in a later black leather binding, with flap. Latin translation of Gerard of Cremona (c.1114–1187) and through no less than 87 further translations continued to be a standard text until the mid 17th century. This manuscript comprises Part V of the Canon, the part dealing with compound medicines. On f. 1b it is given the title “al-maqala al-‘ilmiya fi’l-haja ila al-adwiyah al-murakkaba” (“the scientific treatise on the need for compound medicines”). This copy has certainly been used by other medieval physicians and/or commentators, for the margins contain notes and glosses written in red, green and black ink. Some of these simply repeat the section and chapter headings, but others are longer and more descriptive. There are two inscriptions, one on f. 1a and one on f. 108a mentioning that the text was checked by a certain Habib-Allah Jalal al-Din Muhammad in the month of Safar in the year 1023 AH (March–April 1614 CE). £75,000 [132733]

16 ABU DHABI PART I – THE ISLAMIC WORLD 13

Beautiful prayerbook 13 JAZULI, Muhammad Sulaiman al-. Dala’il al-Khayrat (Guides to Goodness). [North India, Kashmir: 19th century] Folio (172 × 110 mm); the text panel 125 × 70 mm. Arabic manuscript on paper, consisting of 68 folios and four flyleaves, each with 13 lines of elegant black naskh script with important words highlighted in red ink, the text set in a white cloud reserved against gold ground, the text panel bounded by gold, blue, and red rules, the margins with a gold band of scrolling vine leaves, catchwords, 6 gold and polychrome floral illuminated headpieces, the opening bifolium with a gold and polychrome floral illuminated carpet page, with headings in red ink and a frame of rosettes, a double-page gold and polychrome illustration with the right hand folio depicting a stylised view of the haram al-sharif and the ka’ba in Mecca, and the right hand folio with the Mosque of the Prophet in Madina, both set on floral ground; set in a contemporaneous floral lacquer binding with floral doublures. This Sunni prayerbook contains the prayers and litanies dedicated to the Prophet Muhammad used for daily recitation, and the fine execution of the calligraphy and illumination indicate that it was probably commissioned by a wealthy and high-ranking patron as a token of authority instead of an item for everyday use. provenance: formerly in the collection of Captain R. G. Southey (d. 1976).

£8,250 [124658] 13

Peter Harrington 17 14 14

One of the greatest geniuses in the literature of Persia Persian literature” (Encyclopaedia Iranica). Most of its verses are ad- dressed to the Sun, whom Khaqani asks to undertake the hajj, as 14 “he claims to be unable to perform [this] himself because he can- KHAQANI, Afdal al-Din-al-Shirwani al-. Tuhfat al- not leave Servan. Kaqani . . . asks him to deliver two long panegyr- ’Iraqayn [The Gift of the Two Iraqs]. [Safavid Iran: colophon ics of the ka’ba and the Prophet at Mecca and Medina. In the last part of the poem there is a shift of addressee from the Sun to Jamal- signed:] Muhammad Amin al-Qurashi, [c.1600] al-Din Mawseli, the vizier of the Zangids, who spent a fortune in Duodecimo (127 × 75 mm). Contemporary green morocco, double blind embellishing the Holy Places” (ibid.). The oldest manuscript of the fillet border to sides enclosing a border of buta-style ornaments, sides with text is at the Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Vienna. stamped-paper onlays of a central arabesque and pair of foliate quatrefoil mo- We have been able to trace at auction only two other manuscript tifs, housed in a 19th-century pink silk satchel with embroidered leaf-spray versions of the Tuhfat al-’Iraqayn: dated 1648–49 ce (Sotheby’s 1934), lining and decorative tie, the tie with attached tag annotated in a 19th-century hand “Extracts from the Qran [sic] found in Ayub Khan’s sleeping tent in his c.1560–70 ce (Sotheby’s 1970); and only a total of six manuscripts private Camp at Muzra immediately after he had gone out”. Persian manu- of works by Khaqani. This is a highly engaging pocket-sized manuscript in black ink on glazed laid paper, 151 leaves and 3 blanks (folio 1 recto script, with a rather glamorous pedigree, of an important text by a also blank), 11 lines of nasta’liq script to the page, divided into hemistiches, poet about whom Rypka eulogises as “a master of language, a poet and set within gilt and blue frames throughout, headings in red, catch-words, possessing both intellect and heart, who fled the outer world into incipit page (folio 1 verso) with illuminated headpiece incorporating penwork the inner, a personality who did not conform to type—all this plac- vegetal motifs and the text of the title set within cloud-bands on gilt ground. es him in the front ranks of Persian literature”. Small area of silverfish erosion to head of back cover; folio 1 laid down with small portion of text in skilful facsimile, sympathetic paper restoration to provenance: apparently found in the tent of Ayub Khan, emir of Af- margins of outer leaves (just touching frames of final 13 leaves, the lost por- ghanistan (1857–1914), at “Muzra” (i.e. Mazra’eh-Ye Abbas), the site of tions restored in facsimile), 3 further leaves towards rear with paper restora- Ayub Khan’s camp, after the Battle of Kandahar (1 September 1880), tion in the text obscuring a few words. Overall in very good condition. the decisive engagement of the Second Afghan War (1878–80); later in A most attractive and highly uncommon Safavid-era manuscript, the collection of Sir Eustace Dixon Borrowes, 11th baronet (1866–1939; the only mathnawi—or long narrative poem in couplet form—of listed in an accompanying photocopied typescript document titled the celebrated 12th century ce Persian poet Khaqani; it is present- “Papers, Deeds, Books, etc: The Property of Sir Eustace Dixon Borrow- ed here in an appealing binding, the onlays (probably once gilded es Bart., 1924”; thence by descent. The manuscript may have originally but the gilt now oxidised) almost certainly made of paper, a distinct been obtained by Sir Kildare Borrowes, 10th Baronet (1852–1924), the Safavid practice at this time: “instead of cutting filigree designs out only child of Major Sir Erasmus Dixon Borrowes, 9th baronet, by his of leather, craftsmen began to use paper, which was both cheaper first wife. Kildare served as an officer with the 11th Hussars, one of the and easier to handle, pasting it onto painted paper or sometimes thirty-one cavalry regiments deployed during the Second Afghan War, silk or other material” (Encyclopaedia Iranica: Bookbinding, article 1). albeit not present at Kandahar. However, on 2 January 1880 he was sec- A native of Azerbaijan, Khaqani is described by the distinguished onded for service as an adjutant of Auxiliary Forces in Afghanistan, so Czech orientalist Jan Rypka as “more closely attached to his native may have been present when attached to another unit. He originally land . . . than any other poet... He was not a craftsman in the art of joined the 11th Hussars from the Kildare Militia in November 1874, was poetry but possessed the true and genuine qualities peculiar to a promoted captain 1880 and major 1886. poet’s nature, one of the greatest geniuses in the literature of Per- Jan Rypka, History of Iranian Literature (1968), pp. 202–08. sia”. His Tuhfat al-’Iraqayn is considered “one of the most eminent examples of sophisticated use of ornament in the whole of classical £5,000 [132183]

18 ABU DHABI PART I – THE ISLAMIC WORLD 15

The first illustrated account of Petra first edition of “an important work” (Blackmer), extensively illustrated with lithographs, and including a lengthy introductory 15 essay on different aspects of the region, including travel, pilgrim LABORDE, Léon de. Voyage de l’Arabie pétrée. Paris: routes, and trade. In 1826 the 17-year-old de Laborde (1809–1869) Giard, 1830 travelled with his father across Asia Minor and Syria to Cairo, where he met the engineer Louis Linant de Bellefonds (1799–1883), then Folio (575 × 400 mm). Contemporary green half morocco, marbled sides in the service of Muhammad ‘Ali Pasha. The two Frenchmen decid- ruled in gilt, gilt-tooled flat bands to spine forming compartments, titles ed to set up an expedition to the site of Petra with a view to making direct to second gilt, all edges gilt, marbled endpapers. Engraved calligraphic title-page with lithographic vignette mounted on india paper, 45 drawings of the monuments there, and travelled by way of Suez and engravings to the text, and 69 plates comprising 101 images: 44 single lith- Mount Sinai in local dress. The Mamluk Sultan Baybars visited Pe- ographs, mounted, of which the El Oueber plate is hand-coloured; 10 plates tra towards the end of the 13th century, but no westerner visited with 2 lithographs to single mounted sheet, 3 plates of 2 lithographs, one the city until Johann Ludwig Burckhardt in 1812. Burckhardt was mounted and other direct to the plate; 3 plates with multiple lithographs, followed by Irby and Mangles in 1817 but Laborde was the first trav- 3 double-page lithographic plates, 4 engraved plates containing multiple eller to spend enough time in the area in order to record his obser- images including map with Laborde’s route in colour, and large folding en- vations in the form of plans, views and maps, which remained the graved map to rear. Armorial bookplate of Scottish collector John Waldie of only visual representations of Petra available to Western scholars Hendersyde (1781–1862) with his hand-numbered shelfmark label to front pastedown. Joints and board-edges skilfully restored, morocco sunned to until Roberts’s Holy Land (1842–5). tan in places, front free endpaper creased, pale tide-mark to gutter of a few Blackmer 929; not in Abbey, Atabey or Burrell. early leaves, light spotting to half-title and folding map and to margins of a small number of plates, only encroaching on a few of the unmounted imag- £19,500 [107973] es, hinges of double-page plates sometime reinforced. An excellent copy, internally bright and fresh, with rich impressions of the plates.

Peter Harrington 19 16

16 16

Lawrence of Arabia’s sumptuous, privately-printed rection to the illustration list, a “K” identifying Kennington rather account of his role in the Arab Revolt than Roberts as the artist responsible for “The gad-fly”. This copy is in the usual state, with page XV mispaginated as VIII and as often 16 without the two Paul Nash illustrations called for on pages 92 and 208; nor does it have the Blair Hughes-Stanton wood engraving il- LAWRENCE, T. E. Seven Pillars of Wisdom, a triumph. lustrating the dedicatory poem found in only five copies. However, [London: Privately printed by Manning Pike and H. J. Hodgson,] it does include the “Prickly Pear” plate, not called for in the list of 1926 illustrations. Quarto (252 × 187 mm). Original dark green full morocco by Roger de Cov- A superb copy of Lawrence’s sumptuously-produced account erly & Sons, title gilt to the spine, five bands with five small gilt dots equal- of his role in the Arab Revolt, his “big book”. As Lawrence James ly spaced, double fillet panels to the compartments, similar panels to the writing in the ODNB puts it, Lawrence created “a personal, emo- boards with star and drawer-handle roundels to the corners, centre-tool of tional narrative of the Arab revolt in which [he] reveals how by a lozenge with writhen strapwork, top edge gilt, the others uncut, single sheer willpower he made history. It was a testimony to his vision fillet gilt edge-roll and to the turn-ins, pictorial endpapers after Kenning- and persistence and a fulfilment of his desire to write an epic which ton. Housed in a book-style green quarter morocco drop-back box, pale grey cloth, title gilt to the spine, pale grey cloth chemise. 66 plates printed by might stand comparison in scale and linguistic elegance with his Whittingham & Griggs, including frontispiece portrait of Feisal by Augustus beloved Morte d’Arthur and C. M. Doughty’s Arabia Deserta. Subtitled John, many coloured or tinted, 4 of them double-page, by Eric Kennington, ‘A triumph’, its climax is the Arab liberation of Damascus, a vic- William Roberts, Augustus John, William Nicholson, Paul Nash and oth- tory which successfully concludes a gruelling campaign and vindi- ers, 4 folding colour-printed maps, that is 2 maps duplicated, rather than cates Lawrence’s faith in the Arabs. In a way Seven Pillars is a sort of the 3 called for by O’Brien, laid down on linen, 58 illustrations in text, one Pilgrim’s Progress, with Lawrence as Christian, a figure sustained by coloured, by Roberts, Nash, Kennington, Blair Hughes-Stanton, Gertrude his faith in the Arabs, successively overcoming physical and moral Hermes and others. Historiated initials by Edward Wadsworth printed in red obstacles”. and black. Very light shelf-wear, headcap just slightly pulled, frontispiece map a touch rolled at the fore-edge, internally very clean and fresh, only the O’Brien A040. occasional leaf with a pale hint of foxing, overall an extremely bright copy in a very attractive binding. £65,000 [93169] one of the cranwell or “subscriber’s” edition of 211 copies, this one of 170 “complete copies”, inscribed by Lawrence on p. XIX “Complete copy. 1.XII.26 TES”, with one manuscript cor-

20 ABU DHABI PART I – THE ISLAMIC WORLD 17

With two autograph letters from Lawrence I saw a soldier with a girl, or a man fondling a dog, because my wish was to be as superficial, as perfected; and my jailer held me back”. 17 A compelling association copy, bringing together two men who LAWRENCE, T. E. Seven Pillars of Wisdom. A Triumph. shared a room at the Colonial Office during Meinertzhagen’s time London: Jonathan Cape, 1935 as military adviser there in 1921–4. Earlier Meinertzhagen had been chief intelligence officer to the Egyptian Expeditionary Force that Quarto. Original tan quarter pigskin on brown buckram boards, gilt title advanced into Palestine, where he conceived a successful ploy to spine, gilt crossed swords device to front cover, marbled endpapers, top known as the Haversack Ruse: “In October 1917 the Turks held an edge gilt, others uncut. Housed in a fleece-lined brown cloth solander box. With a portrait frontispiece, 53 plates and 4 folding maps. A few marks to entrenched front from Gaza to Beersheba. Sir E. H. H. Allenby (lat- box, trivial wear and soiling to spine. A superior copy. er first Viscount Allenby of Megiddo) misled them as to which flank he was about to attack, in part through a bloodstained haversack first trade issue, limited edition, one of 750 copies, from full of papers dropped by Meinertzhagen on reconnaissance: a clas- the library of Richard Meinertzhagen (1878–1967), with his armorial sic of practical deception” (ODNB). bookplate and two accompanying autograph letters signed by Law- Lawrence’s published praise for Meinertzhagen is ambivalent. In rence. The letters are from Southampton, dated 1934, and elegantly Seven Pillars he describes him as a man “whose hot immoral hatred decline invitations. Lawrence predicts his upcoming “infinity of lei- of the enemy expressed itself as readily in trickery as in violence . . . sure”, which was to begin in March 1935, and promises to “mitigate so possessed by his convictions that he was willing to harness evil it by spending some hours in your company”. He adds that he is “sad to the chariot of good . . . who took as blithe a pleasure in deceiving at losing the R.A.F. which has kept me out of idleness for the last his enemy (or friend) by one unscrupulous jest, as in splattering the twelve years. It remains to see if I can deserve to own all my own time, brains of a cornered mob of Germans . . . abetted by an immensely thereafter.” Lawrence was to die on 19 May 1935. powerful body and a savage brain”. Meinertzhagen has made a single but telling note in this copy, Since Meinertzhagen’s death in 1967 his reputation has taken a on the colophon: “pp. 562–566 are the truth. RM”. These pages more sustained battering, his published diaries dismissed as fic- comprise Chapter 103 where Lawrence embarks on his remarkable tions, his ornithological discoveries doubted, and claims made that and fascinating essay in self-analysis, discussing his “craving to be he murdered his wife. liked”, his “terror of failure”, and how his “contempt for my passion for distinction made me refuse every offered honour.” “To put my O’Brien A041. hand on a living thing was defilement . . . I had a longing for the £20,000 [124980] absolution of women and animals, and lamented myself most when

Peter Harrington 21 18 18

Some of the earliest photographs used as book illustration dim (southwest Sinai Peninsula). He was back in Suez at the end of March but fell ill and was forced to stay in Cairo for several weeks. 18 In May 1851 he returned to Paris with a remarkable collection of ob- LOTTIN DE LAVAL, Pierre-Victorien. Voyage dans la jects, casts and inscriptions that were bequeathed to the Louvre. péninsule arabique du Sinaï et l’Égypte moyenne histoire, The work includes some of the earliest examples of photography applied to book illustration. Lottin de Laval invented the technique géographie, épigraphie. Paris: Gide et Cie, 1855–9 of “Lottinoplastie” for taking moulds of sculptures using papier 2 volumes, quarto text (269 × 207 mm) and folio atlas (477 × 308 mm). Pub- maché, described in his Manuel complet de Lottinoplastie, l’art du moulage lisher’s binding of deep purple quarter morocco (tickets of the Parisian de la sculpture en’bas-relief et en creux mis à la portée de tout le monde (Paris: fine art dealer Léon Berville), purple straight-grained morocco cloth sides Dusacq, 1857). He used the process to mould entire monuments in (atlas lettered in gilt on front cover), speckled edges, marbled endpapers, the Middle East, returning with some 200 kilograms of moulding; inner cloth hinges. 15 tinted lithographic plates by Eugene Cicéri or Léon Jean-Baptiste Sabatier after the author, 17 photolithographed plates of in- the French government later acquired the process from him. scriptions on stone printed by Lemercier using the Poitevin process, 80 Blackmer 1033 (with the atlas); Brunet III 1181; Gay 81; Ibrahim-Hilmy I 393. plates of scripts on 40 sheets, double-page engraved route map. Atlas: a little skilful refurbishment to extremities of spine, touch of foxing to margins of £12,500 [126035] lithographs, overall a particularly attracive set. first edition, an exceptional copy from the Bibliothèque du Barante, one of the finest libraries of the 19th century, with engraved armorial bookplate in the text volume. The prime mover in the expansion of the library was Prosper Brugiere, Baron Barante (1782–1866), who would have acquired this set, which is decidedly scarce when accompanied by the volume of text. Lottin de Laval (1810–1903), under the direction of the French government, was commissioned by the Orientalist and archaeol- ogist Félicien de Saulcy to reconstruct the path of the Israelites in their exodus from Egypt. Setting off from Alexandria in the company of an Egyptian servant, three Bedouins and six camels, Lottin de Laval travelled along the coast of the Gulf of Suez before arriv- ing at the monastery of St Catherine at Sinai. He climbed Mount Sinai (Gabal Musa) and explored the massif from Serabit el-Kha- 18

22 ABU DHABI PART I – THE ISLAMIC WORLD 19

The most important commentary on Tusi's astronomy Tusi was succeeded by his student Qutb al-Din Shirazi (d.1311) and then followed by the author of this commentary, Nizam Nishapuri. 19 Nizam al-Din al-Hasan bin Muhammad bin Husain al-A’raj al- NIZAM NISHAPURI. [On the Science of Astronomy Qumi al-Nishapuri, or simply Nizam Nishapuri, was probably born of Nasir al-Din Tusi. Copied by Abu al-Fada’il bin in Qom in central Iran, and then studied in Nishapur, Khurasan. He focussed on the study of astronomy and mathematics. He worked Muhammad al-Karudani.] 892 ah / 1486–7 ce in the observatory in Tabriz under the Ilkhanid rulers Ghazan Khan Folio (245 × 168 mm). Arabic manuscript on paper, consisting of 132 foli- (r. 1295–1304 ce) and Uljaytu (r. 1304–1317 ce). os and three flyleaves, each folio with 23 lines of small neat black cursive The author states in the text that the work was commissioned for naskh script, important words highlighted in red ink, with numerous dia- Mahmud bin al-Ra’is al-Yazdi, that he completed the composition grams, the original Tadhkira text in red and the commentary in black, with in Rabi’ I 711 ah / 1311–12 ce, and that he has drawn Tusi’s origi- occasional marginal notes, catchwords, the colophon with signature of Abu al-Fada’il bin Muhammad al-Karudani and dated 892 ah, foliated, with nal diagrams in red and the commentary’s diagrams in black. This Persian and Ottoman seal impressions, a flyleaf with index in black magh- manuscript is therefore an important early copy of this text that rebi script, with marbled paper doublures; set in an Ottoman stamped red- preserves a great number of its early diagrams. The ownership in- dish-brown morocco binding with flap. scriptions suggest that this copy was passed from Iran to Ottoman This manuscript is the most important commentary and clarifica- Turkey stretching over a period of almost two centuries. tion on the seminal text of Nasir al-Din Tusi on astronomy. Nasir Ownership inscriptions and seal impressions: a) Ownership al-Din Tusi was the most important explicator of Euclid, Archime- inscription and seal impression of Nur-al-Din Muhammad bin des, and Ptolemy in the Arabic language. This text is unique in that Abi al-Qasim bin Habibullah al-Wa’iz al-Isfahani, the seal im- it contains a full copy of Tusi’s texts with the addition of his close pression dated 996/1587–8; b) Ownership inscription of ‘Ali [...], follower Nizam Nishapuri’s commentary. dated Safar 1054/1644–5; c) Ownership inscription stating that the Nasr al-Din Tusi’s original text, al- tadhkira fi’ilm al-hay’ah (“Mem- manuscript was owned by Suleyman Durri, the Timekeeper at the oir on the Science of Astronomy”), was produced at the court of mosque of Abu al-Fath Sultan Mehmed Khan (Sultan Mehmet II the great Mongol Khan Hulegu Khan (r. 1256–65 ce). Tusi had The Conqueror). convinced the Hulegu to construct the most sophisticated ob- £42,500 [131362] servatory of its time next to the Ilkhanid capital at Maragheh in north-eastern Iran. Maragheh and the neighbouring city of Tabriz after the passing of Tusi remained a great centre of scholarship.

Peter Harrington 23 20

The tribes of Transjordan legends of the wars, deeds and loves of their tribal heros” and was more concerned with politics, newspapers and “new amusements 20 [like] the gramophone” (p. 274). Peake feared that “the history PEAKE, Frederick Gerard. A History of Trans-Jordan and of the Tribes of Transjordan is rapidly being forgotten.” With the its Tribes. Amman: [ for the author,] 1934 help of a team of local Jordanians he compiled a comprehensive list of the tribes of the region and their histories, from an intriguing 2 volumes foolscap quarto. Original brown cloth-backed sand-coloured group of Egyptians who settle in the towns of Sahab and Zizia after printed card wraps. Mimeographed typescript, rectos only, 15 tribal pedi- trouble with Ibrahim Pasha up to the genealogy of the Hashemites, grees printed in red and green, 3 of them folding, one loosely inserted. This copy with the ownership inscription of “G. V. Fowler, Aboukir, Egypt, Aug. who trace their lineage back to Noah. It includes a history of the ‘34”, probably Group Captain Ivor G. V. Fowler AFC, who was posted to RAF tribes of Transjordan, several tables and genealogies, short essays Depot, Middle East, Aboukir in September 1933. Just a little rubbed, edges on each tribe, and a detailed index. foxed, overall very good. £12,500 [127455] first edition, extremely uncommon. Major-General Frederick G. Peake, CMG, CBE (1886–1970), known as Peake Pasha, was a British army and police officer, and founder and commandant of Arabic astrology taken west the Arab Legion Trans-Jordan. T. E. Lawrence fought alongside him 21 in the First World War, and in a letter of 1929 described Peake as “a very good fellow. He has stuck splendidly to three or four thank- PTOLEMAEUS, Claudius. Quadripartitum, translated less jobs, and made a deal out of them. A hot, impatient soul, too” by Plato Tiburtinus; [with] Centiloquium, translated by (Brown, T. E. Lawrence: The Selected Letters, p. 413). Johannes Hispalensis. Venice: Erhardt Ratdolt, 15 January The first volume is a history of Transjordan from pre-history to 1484 1933. The second volume is an ambitious work and the product of considerable research and effort. He worried that the current gen- Quarto (231 × 161 mm). Dark brown morocco by Brugalla, 1952, tooled in gilt and blind, gilt turn-ins, gilt edges, slipcase. Collation: a-g8 h12 (a1r blank, eration was no longer interested in “listen[ing] to the poems and a1v astrological diagram, a2r text, h12r colophon, h12v blank). 68 leaves. 42

24 ABU DHABI PART I – THE ISLAMIC WORLD 21 lines, double column. Types: 4:76G; 6:56(75)G. Woodcut diagram on a1v and the impression of two headings from a law book printed in red on a8v, incipit printed in red, woodcut initials, a few partly coloured or outlined the lower half on verso of the last page. r r v in red, chapter headings of leaves a2 –b3 and f6 –end rubricated, the Cen- The Centiloquium, a collection of 100 aphorisms about astrolo- tiloquium numbered and with occasional annotations. Provenance: several gy and astrological rules, has a commentary by Ahmad ibn Yusuf early marginal manuscript annotations and underlining in the text in red ink (from f6v until the end); Johannes Albini, medical student “Acrocrenopoli- al-Misri (835–912; known in the West by his Latinized name Hame- tani” (scored, faded early manuscript inscription on a1r); Johannes Pesthius tus, though often confounded with Haly), and many scholars be- (faded manuscript inscription below); the Spanish collector Gabriel Moli- lieve that he was in fact its true author. The Centiloquium contains na (bookplate on pastedown); sold, Sotheby’s 17 November 1988, lot 131 to substantial differences in focus from the Tetrabiblos: for example, it Quaritch. Occasional light finger soiling, wire on the press bed in f7v affect- is very concerned with “Interrogations”, the asking of astrological ing a few letters, slipcase spine lightly rubbed, very good. questions about forthcoming plans and events, which is not treated first edition in latin. Ptolemy’s treatise on astrology, the at all in the earlier work. It was translated from Arabic to Latin by Tetrabiblos, was the most popular astrological work of antiquity and John of Seville. also enjoyed great influence in the Islamic world and the medie- The elegant layout of this first Latin edition is characteristic of val Latin West. The translation was made from Arabic to Latin in the work of Erhard Ratdolt (1442–1528), who printed a number of 1138 by Plato of Tivoli, the 12th-century Italian mathematician, as- important works at Venice based on Arabic materials, including the tronomer and translator who lived in Barcelona from 1116 to 1138. first edition of Euclid’s Elements (1482), where he solved the problem It has a commentary by Ali ibn Ridwan ibn Ali ibn Ja’far al-Misri of printing geometric diagrams, the Poeticon astronomicon, also from (c.988–c.1061; known in the west as Haly, or Haly Abenrudian). The 1482, Haly Abenragel (1485), and Alchabitius (1503). He was active work is divided into four books: the first is a defence of astrology as a printer in Venice from 1476 to 1486, and afterwards in his native and technical concepts, the second deals with the influences on Augsburg. earth (including astrological geography and weather prediction), H *13543; GW M36411; BMC V 288; BSB-Ink P–862; Klebs 814.1; Polain (B) 3284; and the third and fourth discuss the influences on individuals. The Redgrave 40; Essling 313; Sander 5980; Proctor 4394; Goff P–1088. present copy confirms to the second copy mentioned in BMC, with £47,500 [119247]

Peter Harrington 25 22

The largest book ever seen through the English press Sancta” on verso, map of Germany (6L3 verso) just shaved to neat line along outer edge, closed-tear in 6Y along lower platemark of map of Europe (but at the time, a collection of travels that remains an with no loss), small hole in 8P3; volume 4, repaired closed-tear at lower margin of 5V6, paper flaw at lower fore-corner of 6C3 and lower edge of 7D6, indispensable resource printing flaw at edge of map of England (8B2 verso), faint dampstaining and 22 a small stain on double-page map of China. A very good set, with the blank leaf R4 in volume 1 (frequently wanting). PURCHAS, Samuel. Purchas his Pilgrimes. In five bookes first edition of Purchas his Pilgrimes, with the preferred fourth . . . [Together with:] Purchas his Pilgrimage. London: edition of the Pilgrimage; together this is the desired state of the William Stansby for Henrie Fetherstone, 1625–6 complete set of Purchas’s important collection of travel and explo- Together 5 volumes (the supplemental Pilgrimage comprising the fifth vol- ration narratives from ancient times up to and including the recent ume), folio (330 × 207 mm). Uniformly bound in mid–18th-century calf, re- accounts of Virginia by John Smith. This is a lovely set in 18th-cen- backed with original decorative gilt spines laid down, red and green moroc- tury calf. co labels, blind roll-tool border on sides, marbled edges and endpapers. En- The Pilgrimes was conceived as a continuation of Hakluyt, based graved additional title to vol. I (second issue, dated 1625; usually absent), 88 in part on Hakluyt’s remaining manuscripts, which Purchas had engraved maps (7 double-page or folding: the Virginia map in volume IV in acquired about 1620, augmented by almost 20 years’ collecting Verner’s state 7, that of China in volume III loosely inserted and on a slightly oral and written accounts of travels in Europe, Asia, Africa, and smaller sheet; 81 half-page in the text), plus the additional double-hemi- sphere map tipped in at p. 65 in volume 1 (see Sabin, p. 118), numerous illus- the Americas. The four-volume folio took more than three years to trations, mostly woodcut, but some engraved. Late 17th-century ownership print; at the time of its publication it was the largest book ever seen inscriptions of “Rob. Williams his booke” on title pages of vols. II and III; through the English press. “Unlike Hakluyt, Purchas attempted to engraved armorial bookplates of Sir Charles Tennant (1823–1906), industri- construct an argument upon geographical and historical evidence alist, who amassed a notable library at his Scottish Borders estate, The Glen, that was cosmopolitan, pan-European, global, and transhistori- Peeblesshire. Bindings professionally refurbished, a few light abrasions and cal . . . John Locke even-handedly advised in 1703 that for ‘books shallow scratches, occasional light browning, a few marginal tears, some of travel . . . the collections made by our countrymen, Hakluyt and light offsetting of engraving onto letterpress, a few natural flaws and rust- Purchas, are very good’” (ODNB). “Today, Pilgrimes remains an indis- holes, and the following minor defects: volume 1, H1 lower fore-corner torn away without loss of text, closed-tear in 2C4, old splash marks on 4Q2 (recto pensable resource for geographers, anthropologists, and historians and verso); volume 2, old repaired tear at inner corner of 4Y just touching alike, providing, among other things, prime sources for the early edge of map of Barbaria and Egypt, paper flaw at upper fore-corner of 6F2, history of the Jamestown colony, and perhaps the best defence ever paper flaw at fore-edge of 6H frayed with very minor loss to map of “Terra composed to justify England’s claims to North America” (Kelly).

26 ABU DHABI PART I – THE ISLAMIC WORLD 22

22 22

The second volume contains extensive materials specifically relat- Purchas’s account of the various religions encountered throughout ing to Africa, Palestine, Persia, and Arabia. the world. In this set Pilgrimes has the engraved title page (often lacking) Alden & Landis 625/173; Borba de Moraes II, pp. 692–3; Church 401A; Hill 1403; dated 1625, the map of Virginia in vol. IV in the 10th state according Sabin 66682–6; STC 20509 & 20508.5. James William Kelly in Speake ed., Literature to Burden, with the whole engraved area present (often trimmed of Travel and Exploration, p. 985 with loss). Pilgrimage, fourth edition, issued concurrently as a sup- £125,000 [120132] plement, is the usual issue with the first quire reset, the title beginning Purchas (the other setting has Purchase), and the added dedication to King Charles. First published in 1613, the Pilgrimage gives

Peter Harrington 27 23

The study of prosody in al-Andalus quently changed his epithet to al-Qalawusi probably after his arrival in Spain, which is used in this manuscript to refer to him. 23 There is an undated copy of this manuscript in the Escorial Royal QALAWUSI, Muhammad bin Idris bin Malik (al-Qarafi) Library in Spain (Hartwig Derenbourg, Les manuscrits arabes de l’Escu- al-. [The final conclusion in the summary of the study of rial, Paris, 1884, no. 288, pp. 175–77). prosody.] Al-Andalus: 20 Ramadan 740 ah / 20 March 1340 ce provenance: sold at Christie’s London, 25 November 1985, lot 74. Folio (190 × 140 mm). Arabic manuscript on cream-coloured paper, consist- £27,500 [132732] ing of 99 folios plus three flyleaves, each folio with 22 lines of elegant black maghrebi script, the colophon dated with the name of the scribe obscured, the title in red ink, paginated; set in a modern brown binding. This rare and early work of literary scholarship from al-Andalus is divided into three sections. It aims to deal with all aspects of the study of rhythm and verse in a succinct and authoritative manner. The first section is an introduction to the study of prosody and its rules. The second is focussed on the different forms of rhythm and metric composition and how it is used when composing poetry. The third section is an analysis of language and exploring interpretations of prosody within different genres of poetry. Islamic Iberia was a renowned centre for literary production. The intellectually fertile atmosphere created new poetical forms that moved away from the rigid qassida structure common to most classical Arabic poetry. The literary scene was influenced by Chris- tian, Muslim, and Jewish writers and philosophers. The heritage of this literary golden age is still felt throughout the Arab world and beyond. The author of this work was originally known as Muhammad al-Qarafi, suggesting that he might well have been an immigrant to the Iberian peninsular from the Qarafa quarter of Cairo. He subse-

28 ABU DHABI PART I – THE ISLAMIC WORLD 24

A Qur'an leaf in a distinctive and unusual early script with similar characteristics to what is frequently referred to as “Western Kufic” script. 24 Certain decorative elements are present in this leaf which are (QUR’AN.) Qur’an leaf in Kufic script on vellum. Surah 5 commonly found in other Kufic leaves in a more standard cal- (al-Maidah/the Table), vv. 102–107. [Perhaps Damascus: 9th ligraphic format, but of the same period: for example, the verse markers in the form of three gold dots arranged loosely in a pyra- century ce] mid form, and the fifth verse marker, in the shape of a gold letter Arabic manuscript on vellum (335 × 250 mm), 14 lines to the page written in “ha”, corresponding to the number 5 in the abjad system. elongated kufic script in black ink, vocalization in the form of red dots, vers- The attribution of this style of script to manuscripts predomi- es marked by triangular clusters made up of 3 gold dots, fifth verse markers nantly produced in Damascus appears to be a feasible suggestion, in the form of a stylised letter “ha” in gold, tenth verse markers in the form given that the majority of leaves with a different style of Kufic script of a large illuminated polychrome rosette inscribed with the word “ashr”. are believed to have come from North Africa. The leaves exhibiting This beautiful leaf comes from a rare Qur’an, executed in a distinc- the closest style to the script in the present leaf come from a well- tive and unusual script that bears similarities to François Déroche’s known Qur’an dated to the end of the 8th century ce; see Déroche group F.1 in his categorization of early Arabic scripts used for cop- 1992, cat. 66, pp. 120–22. According to Déroche, the script has cer- ying the Qur’an. The characteristics of this style are a consistent tain similarities with a milestone in Tblisi dated to 100 ah / 718–19 mashq, or “stretching”, of the letter forms, which at times give the ce, as well as an inscription dedicated to the caliph al-Mahdi, dat- appearance of an extended connecting line, and which Déroche ing to 160 ah / 776–7 ce (op.cit., p. 42). notes is a feature typical of leaves from Damascus (see, for exam- A leaf from the same manuscript was sold at Sotheby’s, 6 October ple, the middle two words on line 3 and the last two words on line 2010, lot 1. 8, both on the verso). Other characteristics of the individual letters See F. Déroche, The Abbasid Tradition, London, 1992, p. 42. are a relatively extenuated alif, and a predominantly circular mim. However, the rounded forms and widening tips of some letter ends, £27,500 [131366] such as the terminal nun and the waw, and the almost symmetri- cal shape of the lam-alif form, are an additional unusual feature of this leaf, which perhaps correspond more closely to the D.Vc script,

Peter Harrington 29 Qur’an section in maghrebi script This is a superb example of a Qur’an on parchment in square format, which was the standard format in North Africa and Spain from 25 the middle of the 12th century to the end of the medieval period. (QUR’AN.) Surah 1 (al-Fatiha/the Opening), v. 7 – Surah 2 The standardization of Qur’an production in this period may well (al-Baqarah/the Cow), v. 84; 88–96; 102–275. [North Africa have been related to the preoccupation of the Berber Almohad dynasty (1145–1232 ce) with regularizing worship and proclaiming the or Spain: 12th–13th century ce] unity of God. Compared to the Qur’ans of the east, the calligra- Arabic manuscript on vellum (186 × 165 mm), 62 folios each with 9 lines of phers and illuminators of Spain and North Africa remained faithful sepia maghrebi script, with blue, red, and green diacritics, gold and poly- to the traditional style, with Kufic surah headings and vellum used chrome roundel verse markers, gold and polychrome illuminated khams, ‘ashr, for centuries after paper took precedence in the east. hizb and juz’ markers in the margins, some of these markers within the text, Qur’ans copied in this period continued to vary in size and the num- surah heading in gold kufic on red ground within an illuminated cartouche bordered with gold strapwork and issuing a circular palmette to the margin; ber of lines to the page. Unusually for Qur’ans of this format, the surah set in 16th-century stamped brown morocco. Minor losses, small staining. heading on the first leaf recto in the present manuscript consists of the title in small gold ornamental Kufic contained in an elaborately illu-

30 ABU DHABI PART I – THE ISLAMIC WORLD 25

Africa and Islamic Spain. Further textual divisions are also marked in the margins: for example, the hizb divisions are indicated by a medallion with a design based on three concentric circles with a central blue roundel bearing the word hizb in white Kufic lettering. The outermost circles are gold with alternating blue and red dots around the edges. The designs of the individual illuminated devices are typical of Western Islamic illumination in general, and comparable examples are found on manuscripts from the 12th to the 14th century. This reflects the conservative nature of manuscript production in the Maghreb, especially of Qur’ans; the use of parchment as the main material for Qur’anic manuscripts in Morocco and Islamic Iberia as late as the 14th century is another indication of this trend. Several types of maghrebi script were used on Qur’ans in the Mus- lim west. The classic maghrebi script, of which the present manuscript is an excellent example, is a large, emphatically looped script applied with a wide nib and often used with only five or seven lines per page, and occasionally with nine lines as seen in the present Qur’an; see, for example, M. Fraser & W. Kwiatkowski, Ink and Gold: Islamic Calligraphy, London 2006, cat. 17, pp. 66–67. Although scripts from the Muslim west have been given names based on their possible geographical origins – andalusi for the very small, neat script associated with the Iberian Peninsula, and maghrebi script from north- west Africa, it appears that the styles of different scripts had more to do with function than with region, dynasty, or period. While the majority of manuscripts in andalusi script are single-volume codices of a small square format, the larger looped scripts are predominantly written in five, seven, or nine lines per page, and usually as a consequence result in multi-volume codices, even though the folio size is often not much larger than the andalusi format (typically between 150 × 200 mm). These were, probably as a result of their bulk and number, more likely to have been produced for mosques, madrasas, 25 and royal libraries, and housed in institutions where they would stay permanently (M. Fraser & W. Kwiatkowski, Ink and Gold: Islamic Callig- raphy, London 2006, cat. 21, pp. 75). minated panel of strapwork and geometric cartouches. The geometric Although many scholars tend to attribute the sophistication of pattern and strapwork found in the surah heading can also be seen in western Islamic manuscripts of the later medieval period to Nasrid 14th-century woodcarving and stonework, such as a wooden panel Spain, the equally refined artistic patronage of the Marinid rulers and a marble tombstone both located in the Museo de la Alhambra, and aristocracy also provides a plausible context for the production Granada. More typical of manuscripts of this format were headings of of lavishly produced copies of the Qur’an such as the present ex- large gold ornamental Kufic with no form of surround. ample. The Marinid dynasty gained its vast wealth mainly through Perhaps the most striking feature of the present Qur’an is its ex- the export of fine wool to Europe, but also through trade of luxury quisite illumination. The marginal devices are predominantly roun- African goods, including ivory, ambergris and, more significant- dels or foliate cone-shaped roundels. These latter devices mark the ly, gold. This material wealth led to the endowment of numerous text every five verses and complement the smaller ha-shaped devic- mosques, libraries and madrasas in Fez during the 14th century by es used within the lines of text to indicate fifth verse divisions. The the Sultans as well as the wealthy elite of society, and it was within illuminated roundels are used as tenth verse markers and mirror this context that scriptoria and libraries flourished, as did the crafts the smaller devices within the text that mark the tenth verse. These and tradesmen associated with such activity. devices are typical of many Qur’an manuscripts from North West £67,500 [132720]

Peter Harrington 31 26 26

The greatest pre-modern European work of Qur’anic second edition of Marracci’s extensive prefatory work, the Prodro- scholarship mus ad Refutationem Alcorani, which was first published in 1691 and includes a life of Muhammad. 26 The first Arabic edition of the Qur’an was printed in Venice c.1530 and survives in a single copy: it is thought the entire print- (QUR’AN; Arabic & Latin.) Alcorani textus universus. Ex run was ordered to be destroyed. In 1694 the second Arabic edi- correctioribus Arabum exemplaribus summa fide, atque tion was published by Abraham Hinckelmann, a Lutheran pastor in pulcherrimis characteribus descriptus, aademque fide, ac Hamburg, though lacked a translation or any form of commentary pari diligentia ex Arabico idiomate in Latinum translatus; beyond the introduction. Marracci’s efforts were intended to com- Apposititis unicuique capiti notis, atque refutatione: His pete with such Lutheran interpretations and formed “part of a vast omnibus praemissus est Prodromus Totum priorem war effort. . . with the aim of restoring the intellectual and theo- logical glory of the Church of Rome and the memory of the Vatican Tomum imples, In quo contenta indicantur pagina as Europe’s foremost centre of Oriental studies” (Elmarsafy, The sequenti. Padua: Typographia Seminarii, 1698 Enlightenment Qur’an, online). 2 volumes in one, folio in sixes (346 × 225 mm). Contemporary vellum, some- “Marracci, an Italian priest of the order of the Chierici regolari time rebacked and relined, raised bands, compartments lettered in gilt, sides della Madre di Dio who was also professor of Arabic at La Sapien- decoratively panel-stamped in blind, red sprinkled edges. Woodcut head- and za as well as confessor to Pope Innocent XI, divided the text of the tailpieces, figurative initials. Complete with all sectional title pages and the 2 Qur’an into manageable sections which he presented to his readers leaves of errata to the rear. Book label (“HB”) and detailed pencilled collation first in carefully vocalized Arabic, and then in his new Latin trans- to front pastedown. Vellum faintly soiled, short superficial splits to head of front joint and foot of rear, old thumb-tags to fore edge of section-titles in lation, followed by a series of notae that address lexical, grammat- the Prodromus and to title of the Refutatio Alcorani, minute hole intermittently ical and interpretive [sic] problems. Like most other Latin Qur’an appearing in fore margins (probably from the papermaker’s mould), the text translators, Marracci often includes material drawn directly from never affected, sporadic pale foxing to margins, the occasional minor spot or Muslim commentators . . . but his careful notes generally also sup- mark. Prodromus: title and sig. A1 browned and marginally restored, contem- ply far more explanatory material . . . By virtue of its extensive notes porary inked marginalia to pp. 38–9, small hole to Pars tertia sig. A2 costing on the text throughout, Marracci’s enormous edition provided his one word on the recto. Refutatio Alcorani: old pencilled marginalia to pp. 7, European readers with the Qur’an accompanied . . . by much of its 84 and 87, contemporary inked marginalia to pp. 22, 83 and 352, sigs. A3–B1 traditional Sunni interpretation” (Burman). dampstained, pale tide-mark occasionally appearing in upper outer corners, spreading in final few leaves, closed tear to lower outer corner of sig. 2D3, the A cache of manuscripts unearthed in the library of Marracci’s or- text spared. A very good copy, tall, crisp and imposing, with deep impressions der in 2012 has since verified his claim to have translated the Qur’an of the Arabic types, and of the appealing woodcuts. four times before committing it to print. The result was a landmark first edition of marracci’s qur’an, “the greatest pre-modern of Arabic scholarship which finally ended the dominance of Robert European work of Qur’anic scholarship” (Burman). The second vol- of Ketton’s 12th-century Latin translation. ume, “Refutatio Alcorani”, comprises the second obtainable edi- Burrell 660; Hamilton, Arcadian Library pp. 236–7 refers; Schnurrer 377; see further, tion of the original Arabic, a Latin translation considered “by far Burman, “European Qur’an Translations, 1500–1700”, in Christian Muslim Relations, A Bibliographical History, eds. Thomas and Chesworth, vol. 6, p. 30 et seq. and away the best translation of the Qur’an to date” (Hamilton), and an analysis and refutation of each surah, and is preceded by the £10,500 [115141]

32 ABU DHABI PART I – THE ISLAMIC WORLD 27

The first Persian–Arabic–English dictionary of the remainder distributed to HEIC soldiers, functionaries and merchants resident in Madras or Bengal; the few remaining sub- 27 scribers include British university libraries and a handful of private RICHARDSON, John. A Dictionary, Persian, Arabic, individuals. and English. To which is prefixed a Dissertation on the Richardson’s “long, intellectually ambitious and highly polemi- cal” prefatory essay (ODNB), praised by Boswell, criticizes authors Languages, Literature, and Manners of Eastern Nations. who seek to write the history of eastern peoples without primary Oxford: printed at the Clarendon Press, sold by J. Murray and sources, and attempts to demonstrate the influence of Asiatic on Price, 1777–80 European culture (one example being feudalism, which he suggests 2 volumes, folio (425 × 247 mm). Recent marbled half calf to style, raised was transmitted to the Scandinavian Goths via Tatary). This inno- bands to spines, double rules gilt either side, red morocco label to second vative essay was published separately the same year, running to a compartments, marbled paper sides. Text in double column. Contemporary second edition soon after. The first volume of the Dictionary itself ownership inscription of James Graham to vol. 1 dedication leaf and vol. 2 sold more quickly than the second, so the publishers were left with title. Title-pages and dedication leaves damp-stained, that of vol. 1 with a an imbalance of sheets, and were required to reprint the first vol- short closed tear and small hole in the lower margin, the text spared, vol. 2 ume to make up complete sets for an 1800 reissue. title with a very small worm-track in the top margin (continuing to sig. a2); pale tide-mark occasionally appearing in lower margins, extending to other provenance: contemporary inscriptions of James Graham. One edges in vol. 1 sigs. 11U and 12H and to upper-outer corner and fore margin of the subscribers is John Graham, possibly the wealthy East India of vol. 2 sigs. 10R to 13C2, sometimes touching text; vol. 1 sig 4R2 chipped at Company merchant whose half-brother George (1730–1801) made v r lower outer corner, old finger-soiling to 5F2 top edge (similar to vol. 2 7F2 his own fortune providing supplies for troops in Bengal, and had fore edge), 6A1r soiled, short tear to bottom edge 6U1, small spill-burn to an illegitimate son named James, to whom he bequeathed his ex- 9R2r obscuring one letter; vol. 2 sigs. 4S, 6Z and 8Q lightly spotted, closed tear to bottom edge of 6E1, sometime partially repaired, touching about 4 tensive estates including Kinross House (although James failed to lines of text with no effect on legibility, very minor nick to fore edge 11U1–X2, fulfil the condition of marrying his cousin, so they passed instead 13D2 chipped at upper outer corner, small worm-track to top margin 13D1– to George’s brother Thomas, another nabob). Laid in are a clipping K2 (final leaf, soiled on blank verso), the text never affected; otherwise a few from the Calcutta Gazette, dated 11 July 1799, including an extract of trivial marks. Overall a very good, tall copy. general orders from the Siege of Seringatapam, and a folded leaf of first edition, first issue, of the first Persian–Arabic–English calligraphic Persian manuscript dated 1212 ah (1797/8 ce). dictionary: “the first Persian dictionary to appear in England” Hamilton, “The Learned Press: Oriental Language”, in Gadd, ed., History of Oxford (Hamilton). Rare, with three copies only traced at auction. Most of University Press, vol. 1, p. 415; Lowndes (1853) p. 2088 (“excellent . . . particularly for the limited print run is likely to have perished in the inhospitable the Persian”); for the Graham family see Thorne, The House of Commons 1790–1820, conditions of the Indian subcontinent: the subscribers’ list records p. 550. 345 copies, including 150 for the East India Company, with most £9,750 [118887]

Peter Harrington 33 28

With pencilled annotations by a talented female Alice Carthew’s pencil annotations in the Holy Land volumes Egyptologist and artist (dated 1914 and 1926) relate to the topographical accuracy of Rob- erts’s views, presumably after visits she had made to the actual loca- 28 tions. For example next to “The Ravine” she notes “steps not steep enough”, and beside “Petra Looking South” “good picture . . . far ROBERTS, David. The Holy Land, Syria, Idumea, Arabia, too much water”. Egypt, & Nubia. From drawings made on the spot. With Abbey Travel 385 and 272; Blackmer 1432; Tooley 401–2. historical descriptions by the Revd. George Croly, LL.D. Lithographed by Louis Haghe. London: F. G. Moon, 1842–9 £65,000 [132004] 6 volumes bound in 4, large folio (613 × 430 mm). Publishers’ dark purple half morocco, gilt-blocked arms of Jerusalem on front covers, gilt panelled spines, gilt edges. 6 lithographed pictorial titles, 121 tinted lithographed plates, 120 half-page tinted lithographs by Louis Haghe after Roberts, lithographed portrait of the author by C. Baugniet on India paper, 2 engraved maps. Some skilful restoration to spines and corners, some spotting, chiefly marginal; a very good copy. first edition of “one of the most important and elaborate ven- tures of nineteenth-century publishing, and the apotheosis of the tinted lithograph . . . there is pleasure to be had from many of the individual plates, where Haghe’s skilful and delicate lithography, and his faithful interpretation of Robert’s draughtsmanship and dramatic sense, combine in what are undoubtedly remarkable examples of tinted lithographic work” (Abbey). Roberts had toured Eqypt, Alexandria, Jerusalem, Palestine, Lebanon, and Baalbec during 1838 to 1839 making detailed drawings of the most significant sites, from which he worked up the final pictures for his master work. provenance: Peter Carthew (1808–1870), of 15A Kensington Palace Gardens, with his bookplate, presumably bought at publication; passed on to his daughter Alice Grace Elizabeth Carthew (1867–1940), with her notes in pencil initialled “A.C.” Alice Carthew was a noted collector of William Blake prints and antiquities, subsequently donating her abundant collections to institutions including the British Museum, the Hunterian, the Victoria & Albert Mu- seum, and the Tate Collection. She donated Mycenean antiquities and a Cycladic figurine to Girton College, Cambridge, and made a number of watercolours for the Egypt Exploration Society of arte- facts from their excavations at Deir el-Bahari. 28

34 ABU DHABI PART I – THE ISLAMIC WORLD 28

Peter Harrington 35 29

29 SALT, Henry. Twenty-Four Views in St. Helena, the Cape, India, Ceylon, the Red Sea, Abyssinia and Egypt. London: William Miller, 1 May 1809 Large folio (751 × 534 mm). Original marbled boards, with red morocco patch title label to the front cover, rebacked and recornered in red morocco to style, title gilt direct to spine, wide, flat bands with geometric panels, compartments ornately gilt with foliate arabesque rolls and roundels. Un- coloured sepia aquatint title incorporating dedication, and 24 aquatint views by D. Havell, J. Hill and J. Buck under the supervision of Robert Havell, with fine, original hand-colour on thick paper watermarked J. Whatman 1824. Bookplate of Thomas Swinnerton Armiger, one of the founders of the Hun- terian Society, to front pastedown. Sides lightly rubbed, light toning and a few trivial marks chiefly in fore-edge margins, a very good copy with fine hand-colouring throughout. first edition, with plates watermarked 1824. Having failed in his original ambition to be a portrait painter, Salt set out on an eastern tour in June 1802 as secretary and draughtsman to Viscount Valentia. “He visited India, Ceylon, and the Red Sea, and in 1805 was sent by Valentia on a mission into Abyssinia, to the ras of Tigré, whose affection and respect he gained, and with whom he left one of his party, Nathaniel Pearce. The return to England in 1806 was made by way of Egypt, where he first met the pasha, Mehmet Ali. Lord Valentia’s Travels in India (1809) was partly written and com- pletely illustrated by Salt, who published his own 24 Views in St Hele- na, India and Egypt in the same year” (ODNB). In emulation of a successfully proven format, the work was published “in the same size and style as Daniell’s Series of Oriental Scenery”, according to an advertisement in the text which is very occasionally found with this work but which, Tooley opined, “is not important and the work is usually to be found without it.” Very often the two Egyptian plates, offering fine views of Cairo and the pyramids, being rather larger in image size than the other subjects, are found trimmed with slight loss of image. This is not the case here. Abbey Travel 515; Howgego, I, S6; Tooley 440. £50,000 [71620]

36 ABU DHABI PART I – THE ISLAMIC WORLD 29

Peter Harrington 37 30

An important Ilkhanid reworking of the rationalist This manuscript contains 100 chapters or maqalas on moral and interpretation of the language of the Qur’an religious precepts. The text is based on a work of the same title by al-Zamakhshari (1075–1144 ce) who was a pre-eminent scholar of the 30 Arabic language and was a supporter of the Mu’tazilite doctrine as well as being a dedicated rationalist theologian. In this second re- SHARAF AL-DIN ‘ABD AL-MUN’IM IBN HABIBAT vision of this text the author Shafruh al-Isfahani explicitly refers to ALLAH SHAFRUH AL-ISFAHANI. “The Golden dishes the earlier version of the closely related text by Zamakhshari in his on the tables of discourse”. [Ilkhanid, Iran: late 13th or early introduction. In fact, it appears that Shafruh al-Isfahani was not con- 14th century ce] tent with just one edition of his hundred chapters, as he composed a Folio (198 × 128 mm). Arabic manuscript on paper, 103 folios each with second version of his own text based on the same format. This man- 10 lines of elegant black naskh script with the headings in larger muhaqqaq uscript is the second revised format. The author states that he com- script, 5 fly leaves, the opening folio with a polychrome roundel containing posed this version at the request of Zahir al-din Ahmad ibn Mahmud the name of the author flanked above and below by the title of the manual-Khuwayyi, who was a respected religious figure at that time. script written in black outlined gold muhaqqaq set inside gold and blue rules The opening folio refers to the author as ‘abd al-mu’min al-is- with spandrels in each of the corners and with four seal impressions, the fol- fahani which is another form of his usual title Shafruh al-Isfahani. lowing folio with a gold and polychrome illuminated heading containing the Charles Rieu claimed that he was the same individual as the Persian bismillah and gold and blue rules; set in a later card binding, with flap. Later poet Sharaf al-din ‘abd al-mu’min Shafruh. Shafruh (sometimes ownership inscription of ‘Abdullah al-Mufti, Kutahya, Ottoman Turkey. spelled Shufurwah) was also recorded as having been a Hanafi legal This rare work of rationalist interpretation of the language of the scholar of Persian extraction who resided in Egypt until his death Qur’an shows the continued influence of al-Zamakhshari’s ideas in 1175–76 ce. and that of the Mu’tazilite philosophical school. The ground-break- The medallion with its distinctive border of interlocking scal- ing precept of this branch of Qur’anic interpretation is to use log- loped shapes rendered in two shades of blue is closely related to ic and reason as promulgated in the classical Greek philosophical a border surrounding a rosette on the opening folio of an Ilkhanid texts to interpret the passages of the Qur’an. The debate surround- copy of the manafi’ al-hayawan in the Pierpont Morgan Library which ed to what extent the meaning of the text of the Qur’an should be dates to the last decade of the 13th century (Marie Lukens Swieto- taken literally and how much the believer could use his own in- chowski & Stefano Carboni, Illustrated Poetry and Epic Images: Persian tellect to interpret what might have been intended as a parable or Painting of the 1330s and 1340s, Metropolitan Museum of Art Publish- metaphor for a deeper meaning not immediately described in the ers, New York, 1994, p. 16, fig. 10). words present. The use of logical reasoning by the Mu’tazilites and A further much later copy of this work is contained within a com- their ultimate suggestion that the Qur’an was created rather than pilation dated 1668 ce is in the British Library (Charles Rieu, Sup- a totally divine apparition brought them into conflict with other plement to the Catalogue of the Arabic Manuscripts in the British Museum, more orthodox thinkers. A directly opposing view as to the inter- Hildesheim, 1894, reprinted 2013, Cat. 1003, pp. 632–3). pretation of Qur’anic language that rejects the Mu’tazilite thinkers’ position was promulgated by Ibn Atiyyah in his work on tafsir. £75,000 [132722]

38 ABU DHABI PART I – THE ISLAMIC WORLD 30

Peter Harrington 39 31

Very rare compilation of geopolitical reports on the Gulf 31 THOMAS, R. Hughes (ed.) Historical and other Information connected with the Province of Oman, Muskat, Bahrein and other Places in the Persian Gulf . . . [Series title at head: Selections from the Records of the Bombay Government, No. XXIV – New Series.] Bombay: Printed for the Government at the Bombay Education Society’s Press, 1856 Large octavo in half-sheets (240 × 157 mm). Mid–20th-century tan calf- backed marbled boards to style, raised bands to spine, gilt fillets either side, black morocco labels, fore and bottom edges sprinkled red. Folding letterpress census table, red flag of the Friendly Arabs, p. 76, finished in original hand-colour, and 6 folding lithographic maps, comprising: 1) “Map of Maritime Arabia with the Opposite Coasts of Africa and Persia reduced from an Original Map by T. Dickinson, Chief Engineer, lithographed in the Chief Engineer’s Office by Huskeljee E, and Kumroondeen E., Bombay 1st March 1856” (very large area map, 580 × 922 mm, coastline outlined in blue) 2) “Sketch of Rasool Khymah [Ra’s al-Khaymah]”, with original hand-colour; 3) “Plan of Bassadore Roads by H. H. Hewett, Midshipman”; 4) “Trigono- metrical Plan of the Harbour of Grane or Koweit”; 5) “Sketch of the Island of Kenn”; 6) “Reduced Copy of the Chart of the Gulf of Persia”. Old ownership ink-stamp to title verso and p. 687. Board-edges lightly bumped and rubbed, short closed tear to top edge of title page repaired verso, title and pp. xxv-xviii reinforced with tissue-paper along fore edge, very mild chipping to fore edge of final few leaves; maps 1), 4) and 6) all lined-backed and stub-mounted, the latter browned and with some light cracking along folds, now stabilized; 2) and 3) expertly remounted on original stubs, the former with short closed tear to stub professionally repaired verso. Remains a very good copy indeed. first edition of this remarkable compilation of reports on the Gulf, submitted to the Government of Bombay between 1818 and 1854. Intended as a reference work for British officers, this book 31

40 ABU DHABI PART I – THE ISLAMIC WORLD 31 was on publication the most extensive account of the region then The most prolific contributor is Arnold Burrowes Kemball (1820– available, and remains an indispensable source for the history, peo- 1908), an officer in the Bombay Artillery who was appointed assis- ples and topography of Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, and, in particular, tant political resident in the Gulf in 1842, and remained in the re- what are now the United Arab Emirates: “Anyone working on the gion until his retirement in 1878. His reports include “Memoranda nineteenth-century history of Eastern Arabia and the Gulf comes on the Resources, Localities, and Relations of the Tribes inhabiting across frequent references to it . . . It served as a basic source for the Arabian Shores of the Persian Gulf ” (pp. 91–120) and a remark- Lorimer in his Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf, Oman and Central Arabia. able 125-page “Chronological Table of Events” (pp. 121–246), which It contains, however, a great deal more information that Lorimer comprises detailed historical timelines, from the early 18th century omitted, presumably for reasons of space. [For example,] the his- to the author’s own day, for all the region’s main powers, namely, tory of Abu Dhabi which Lorimer dealt with in just over four pages the Qawasim; the Bani ‘Utbah (the tribal federation including the here receives thirty-four” (Robin Bidwell in his introduction to the modern-day ruling families of Kuwait and Bahrain); the Bani Ya’s 1985 reprint). federation (whose most prominent family, Al Nahyan, are the mod- The papers, 22 in total, were written during a formative period in ern rulers of Abu Dhabi); the Al Falasi (ancestors of Dubai’s ruling Gulf history. In the beginning of the 19th century, ships belonging Al Maktoum dynasty); the Sultans of Muscat; and the Wahhabis. to the Qawasim tribe, the modern rulers of Sharjah, began to dis- Kemball’s piece is expanded by individual “Historical Sketches” rupt British communications with India. When a British ship was for each of these groups, with additional accounts of the tribes of captured in 1818 less than 70 miles from Bombay an expedition was ‘Ajman and Umm al-Quwain, two smaller emirates of the UAE. Sev- launched, leading to the seizure of Ra’s al-Khaymah and other Qa- eral of these are by Francis Warden, Chief Secretary, Bombay, with wasim strongholds. In 1830 the British and the shaykhs of the mod- continuations by Kemball and other military officers. ern-day UAE concluded a “General Treaty of Peace”, though the Brit- Containing as it does information of the greatest political and ish realised that they would have to maintain a permanent presence strategic importance, this book was intended for highly limited and in the region, and that “to act as policemen both topographical and selective distribution. Robin Bidwell remarked: “Although the print background knowledge have always been required: the papers print- run is not known, it must have been very small or much of it must ed in [Thomas’s] volume were designed to provide this for the men have been lost. In the seventeen years that I have been responsi- on the spot and for their masters in Bombay” (ibid.). ble for the library of the Middle East Centre at Cambridge, I have Many of the reports stem from the first hydrographical survey never known a copy offered for sale despite an assiduous watch on of the Gulf, conducted by the Bombay Marine between 1819 and antiquarian booksellers and their catalogues”. We can trace just 1829. These include the 100-page “Memoir Descriptive of the Navi- one complete copy at auction, the Burrell copy; Copac locates eight gation of the Gulf of Persia; with Brief Notices of the . . . People In- copies (Aberdeen, British Library, Exeter, King’s College, London habiting its Shores and Islands” by Captain George Barnes Brucks, Library, LSE, Oxford and SOAS; OCLC adds the Danish National commander of the survey, together with several in-depth surveys Library, Georgetown, Hamburg, Minnesota, and Princeton. Of all by other officers including a description of Kuwait Harbour and these, only six definitely identify the presence of the large map. Failaka Island. £125,000 [121104]

Peter Harrington 41 31

42 ABU DHABI PART I – THE ISLAMIC WORLD PART II: THE WESTERN CANON

The factory system as the conceptual model for the shops both in England and Europe. Babbage proposed many scien- modern computer tific management techniques for the first time, including subdivided work, cost accounting and merit pay systems. He advocated the dec- 32 imalization of currency, foresaw the role of tidal power as an ener- gy source, and predicted the exhaustion of coal reserves. Babbage’s BABBAGE, Charles. On the Economy of Machinery and work long pre-dated the time-and-motion studies of Frederick Win- Manufactures. London: Charles Knight, 1832 slow Taylor and the mass production methods of Henry Ford. Octavo (222 × 140 mm). Original purple cloth rebacked and printed paper “The book is at once a hymn to the machine, an analysis of the label to style. Housed in a black cloth flat-back box by the Chelsea Bindery. development of machine-based production in the factory, and a Cloth a little mottled and rubbed, rebacked as noted and with wear to the discussion of social relations in industry… It was at once translated corners and edges skilfully repaired, faint spotting to endpapers and blanks, into French and German, both translations being published in 1833. title perhaps washed, else clean, bright and untrimmed. Throughout the world the book had much effect, becoming the ‘lo- first edition, large paper presentation copy inscribed cus classicus’ of the discussion of machinery and manufacturing” by the author on the front blank, “To Mr. Bartholemew [sic] (Anthony Human, Charles Babbage, Pioneer of the Computer). “Economy with Mr Babbages Compliments”. Large paper copies such as this was a turning point in economic writing and firmly established Bab- (measuring over 180 mm in height) were produced especially for bage as a leading authority of the industrial movement” (ODNB). presentation and are scarce, with Babbage himself referring to “a Babbage is hailed as the first pioneer of computing. He found few in the hands of the author’s friends” (p. 167). Yale has a large in the contemporary factory the organizational model for his an- paper copy inscribed “R. Whitcombe from the author”, but this is alytical engine, which had a “mill” for grinding calculations and a the only presentation copy that we know of in which Babbage signs “store” for intermediate results, strikingly analogous to the central his own name rather than using a generic salutation. processor and memory in a modern computer. On the Economy of Machinery and Manufactures was Babbage’s most Kress C3013; Goldsmiths’ 27346; Einaudi 223; Mattioli 158; William I, 198.e. successful lifetime publication, selling 3,000 copies. Prompted by the demands for precision in the construction of his first calculat- £12,500 [74487] ing engine, Babbage made a detailed survey of factories and work-

Peter Harrington 43 alike: that error believed to be truth must be allowed all the privileges of truth. Bayle’s plan, outlined in his title and preface, mentions a third part on two letters of St Augustine: in fact, a subsequent edition dated 1686–8 was published in four volumes, the third and fourth parts having come out as Supplément in 1687 and 1688. Barbier Vol. 1, p. 644; Conlon 2784; ESTC R172658; Wing B 1469B; for the place of imprint see Weller, Die falschen und fingerten Druckorte, II, p. 39; Elisabeth Labrousse, Correspondance de Pierre Bayle, 2010. £1,750 [114336]

First edition of the English Catholic Bible, in early but disparate bindings as usual, the Old Testament in a contemporary Douai binding for presentation 34 (BIBLE; English, Douai-Rheims version.) The New Testament of Jesus Christ translated faithfully into English, out of the authentical Latin, according to the best corrected copies of the same, diligently conferred with the Greeke and other editions in divers languages: With Arguments of bookes and chapters, Annotations, and other necessarie helpes, for the better understanding of the text, and specially for the discoverie of the Corruptions of divers late translations, and for cleering the Controversies in religion, of these daies: In the English College of Rhemes. Rheims: John Fogny, 1582; [together with:] The Holie Bible faithfully translated into English, out of the authentical Latin. Diligently conferred with the Hebrew, Greeke, and other editions 33 in divers languages. With Arguments of the Bookes, and Chapters: Annotations. Tables: and other helpes . . . By A forefather of the French Enlightenment the English College of Doway. Douai: printed by Laurence 33 Kellam, 1609–10 [BAYLE, Pierre.] Commentaire philosophique sur ces Together 2 works in 3 quarto volumes. NT: quarto (214 × 155 mm). Late paroles de Jesus-Chrit [sic]. Contrain-les d’entrer; où l’on 17th-century calf, covers with a gilt rule border and gilt panel with a small fleuron at the corners, spine with 6 panels, the 2nd and 3rd with early prouve par plusieurs raisons démonstratives qu’il n’y 19th-century contrasting morocco labels; early 19th-century wove paper a rien de plus abominable que de faire des conversions endleaves; sprinkled edges. Woodcut initials and ornaments; woodcut ti- par la contrainte, & l’on refute tous les Sophismes des tle from an early 17th-century Geneva Bible bound-in as frontispiece. Title and following leaf somewhat soiled and browned and repaired on the verso Convertisseurs à contrainte, & l’Apologie que s. Augustin along the inner margin, text lightly browned throughout with some minor a faite des persécutions. Traduit de l’Anglois du Sieur dampstaining, minor grubby marks and soiling in places, inner margin of Jean Fox de Bruggs par M.J.F. “A Cantorbery: chez Thomas the final leaf repaired, a very good copy. Old ink initials “AK” at the foot of the title; Rev. Joseph Abbot, perhaps the Catholic priest of St Chad’s, Bir- Litwel” [but Amsterdam: Abraham Wolfgang(?)], 1686 mingham, circa 1838–40, with his early 19th-century signature on the front Duodecimo (128 × 78 mm), in 2 parts with separate title pages, but contin- pastedown; pencil purchase note on the front flyleaf “Hodgson 423 10/10/69 uous pagination. Contemporary stiff vellum, ink title to spine. With the er- AMX”. OT: 2 volumes, quarto (225 × 168 mm). Contemporary gilt-tooled rata at the end of the table (5*3 verso). Leaf 5*4 (blank) cut away. Woodcut calf, central gilt-stamped oval “IHS” with crucifix surrounded by flames, devices to titles, headpiece and historiated capitals. Fore edges of first 15 or frames with elaborate scrollwork, spines gilt-stamped with repeated floral so leaves expertly restored with tissue. Remains of early reference label to stamp; rebacked with original spines laid down, corners mended. Titles spine, small reference number inscription to top corner of first title page. within typographic ornament borders, woodcut headpieces and decorative Boards and spine slightly dust-soiled. A very good copy. initials. Bookplates of Robert S. Pirie. An occasional minor marginal spot or smudge, a very good copy. Each volume housed in a burgundy flat-back cloth first edition of Bayle’s brilliant and impassioned defence of re- box by the Chelsea Bindery. ligious tolerance, a Huguenot exile’s response to the Revocation of first edition of the roman catholic version of the bi- the Edict of Nantes which had been enacted the previous year, pub- ble, the old testament in a contemporary douai bind- lished pseudonymously under a fictitious imprint and most probably ing, presentation copy from john knatchbull, vice-pres- printed in Amsterdam by Abraham Wolfgang. The Commentaire phi- ident of the english college at douai to lady joanna losophique established its author as a defender of free conscience for berkeley (1555/6–1616), abbess of the Benedictine Convent of the all believers and for atheists. It detailed Bayle’s notion of errant con- Assumption of Our Blessed Lady, Brussels, with his inscription at science, scandalous to Protestants, Catholics and militant atheists the head of the title page of vol. 2: “John Knatchbull to the hon-

44 ABU DHABI PART II – THE WESTERN CANON 34 orable Lady and his most respected mother the Lay [sic] Barkley 1609–10. As a result complete sets in uniform contemporary bind- Abbesse of the English Monastery in Bruxells”. Offered here with ings are a chimera. a pleasing copy of the Rheims New Testament in 17th-century calf, “The appearance of a Catholic Bible in English undermined tra- together comprising the first Roman Catholic version of the Bible ditional protestant criticism that the Roman church kept scripture in English. out of the hands of the laity. Instead protestant theologians such The English College at Douai was founded in 1568 by William as Thomas Cartwright, William Whitaker, and William Fulke at- Allen. In September 1579 Allen announced the project of a new tacked the credentials of the translators and denounced their work English translation of the Bible. The translation was primarily the as filled with error. Despite such criticism, revised versions of Mar- work of Gregory Martin (1542?–1582), with the revisions of Allen, tin’s translation remained extremely popular throughout the Eng- Richard Bristow, and William Reynolds. Martin translated the en- lish-speaking world for nearly four hundred years” (ODNB). tire Vulgate between September 1578 and July 1580 but the book was NT: Darlow-Moule-Herbert 177; Pforzheimer 68; STC 2884. OT: Dar- published episodically, the New Testament with Bristow’s notes at low-Moule-Herbert 300; STC 2207. Rheims in 1582 and the Old Testament in two volumes at Douai in £45,000 [108480]

Peter Harrington 45 35

German Expressionism in woodcuts 35 (BRÜCKE GROUP: Erich Heckel; Ernst Ludwig Kirchner; Max Pechstein; Karl Schmidt-Rottluff.) Katalog zur Ausstellung der K. G. Brücke in Galerie Arnold, Dresden, Schloßstraße. September 1910. Dresden: Künstlergruppe Brücke, 1910 Quarto. Original ochre wrappers with title and illustration in black to front cover. Housed in a black quarter morocco solander box with chemise by the Chelsea Bindery. 20 original woodcuts printed on wove paper; 4 by Heckel including the front cover, 11 by Kirchner including 5 with mainly text, 3 by Pechstein and 2 by Schmidt-Rottluff. About 4cm loss to foot of spine and corresponding split to the lower joint otherwise a very good bright copy. first edition, first printing. Although the Brücke Group was originally formed in 1906, the exhibition at Galerie Arnold in 1910 was the first major show where they created a catalogue illustrated with original woodcuts. In keeping with the group’s collaborative ethos, half of the woodcut illustrations are based on paintings by other members of the group. Bolliger & Kornfeld 42. Heckel; Dube 177–179. Kirchner; Dube 700–703, 721–726. Schmidt-Rottluff; Schapire 49–50. £35,000 [126256]

46 ABU DHABI PART II – THE WESTERN CANON 35

Peter Harrington 47 Presentation copy to one of his child-friends, whom he frequently photographed, with autograph letters 36 CARROLL, Lewis. Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. With forty-two illustrations by John Tenniel. London: Macmillan and Co., 1866 Octavo (178 × 117 mm). Recent red morocco by Bayntun-Riviere of Bath, title to spine gilt, edges gilt, marbled endpapers, with, mounted on three blanks: autograph letter, pp. 3, bifolium, signed from the author to Mrs Julia Moni- er-Williams, dated 31 January 1879; facsimile circular letter, one page, signed in autograph from the author to Ella Monier-Williams, Oxford, dated 25 Feb- ruary 1880; autograph letter, pp. 3, bifolium, signed from the author to Ella Monier-Williams, Oxford, dated 29 April 1880, envelope laid onto following leaf. Housed in a custom red cloth slipcase. Frontispiece with tissue-guard and 41 illustrations by John Tenniel. A little scattered foxing and soiling, small ink stains to seventh blank and half-title, tiny repair to tip of frontispiece and p. 19 (partly affecting text). A very good copy, attractively bound. first published edition, presentation copy, inscribed by the author to one of his child-friends on the half-title, “Ella Chlora Williams from the author”, together with three letters from the author mounted on blanks. Ella Chlora Faithfull Bickersteth (née Monier-Williams, 1859–1954) was the only daughter of Sir Monier Monier-Williams, the second Boden Professor of Sanskrit at the University of Oxford, where Charles Dodgson, who wrote under the pen-name Lewis Carroll, taught mathematics. Dodgson took several photographs of little Ella between May and July 1866, a few months after Alice’s Adventures was first published 36 (see below). Bickersteth recalled the photography sessions later in life: “among my earliest recollections is being taken by my mother to his rooms in Tom Quad at Christ Church, again and again, to be photographed by him in some mood, costume, or attitude which caught his fancy or in which his discerning eye saw the unconscious expression of childish pleasure, hope, or awe” (Colling- wood, p. 224). Dodgson refers to these photographs in the first of the three letters contained in this copy. On 31 January 1878, Dodgson writes to 36

of them)”. The other two letters are from the following year, directly from Dodgson to Bickersteth (still Miss Williams; she married in 1881). The first of the letters, dated 25 February, is a facsimile circular letter, opening and closing in autograph (“My dear Ella... yours electrically and affectionately C. L. Dodgson”). In it, Dodg- son requests that she set him a word puzzle of chain-words (“made on words of from 3 to 6 letters . . . There should always be some connection in meaning between the first word and the last”). The second, dated 29 April 1880, is an autograph letter signed from him, expressing mock-horror at the manner in which she closes her letters: “it is a great shock to my sensitive feelings to find young ladies (of a certain age and engaged) persist in signing themselves ‘very affectionately’”. Dodgson proceeds to invite her to tea (“that unwholesome thing”), comparing his composition of the letter to “an elephant doing crochet”, and asks her to bring “the infants you mention, if you think it would . . . serve, even for an hour, to lessen 36 their sadness”. Dodgson’s friendship with Bickersteth, as evidenced in these teasing letters, was unusual for its continuance into her adult Bickersteth’s mother, Julia Monier-Williams, to congratulate her on life. Dodgson, who met some “200 or 300 children”, noted that the news of Ella’s engagement to the Revd Dr Canon Samuel Bick- his child-friendships often evolved into a distant acquaintance as ersteth, and suggest that one of his photographs might be gifted the child grew up: “usually the child becomes so entirely a differ- to Ella’s fiancé: “if Miss Williams wishes to present him with any ent being as she grows into a woman that our friendship has to photographs of my doing of which the negative still exists, it will change too: and that it usually does by sliding down, from a loving gratify me if she will accept prints of them (if you have not enough

48 ABU DHABI PART II – THE WESTERN CANON 36

36 Monier-Williams, see: Coote Jeremy and Christopher Morton, “‘Dressed as a New Zealander’, or an ethnographic mischmasch? Notes and reflections on two pho- intimacy, into an acquaintance that merely consists of a bow and a tographs by Charles Dodgson (Lewis Carroll)”, Journal of Museum Ethnography, no. 28 (March 2015), pp. 150–172. smile when we meet!” (Letter, 31 March 1890). Bickersteth herself remarked on the fact that she was “one of the ‘children’ whose love £75,000 [127698] for him endured into adulthood” (Collingwood, p. 222). At 70 years old, when it was announced that the original manuscript of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland was to be sold at auction, Bickersteth was one of a number of people who wrote to The Times to express the hope that the manuscript would remain in Britain. In that letter, she recalled: “the last time I saw Mr. Dodgson, not long before his death, was at the Indian Institute at Oxford when, full of his characteristic teasing, as usual, he tried to prove to me, the mother of six sons, how infinitely superior he considered girls to boys; and that was indeed a settled conviction he was always ready to defend” (Bickersteth, 1928). The book was originally printed in Oxford at the Clarendon Press in June 1865, but suppressed when Dodgson heard that Tenniel was dissatisfied with the quality of the printing. It was entirely reset 36 by Richard Clay for this authorized Macmillan edition which, although dated 1866, was in fact ready by November 1865, in time for the Christmas market. Williams–Madan–Green–Crutch 44. Bickersteth, letter to The Times, 22 March 1928; Wakeling (ed.) 1993–2007, Vol. 5: 146; Wakeling, E. Lewis Carroll: The Man and his Circle, 2015; Bickersteth, Ella, “Some reminiscences from the pen of Mrs Samuel Bickersteth (Miss Ella Monier Williams)” in Collingwood (ed.) The Lewis Carroll Picture Book, 1899. For a full discussion of Dodgson’s photographs of Ella

Peter Harrington 49 37

Presentation copy from Darwin to his son tific assistant for his outstanding research on plant forms and floral mechanisms for cross-fertilization, and the different methods they 37 have evolved for climbing. This volume contains three of Darwin’s DARWIN, Charles. “On the movements and habits of classic botanical works, to each of which William made significant climbing plants”. Offprint from The Journal of the Linnean contributions. In his later life William Erasmus championed the cause of university education for all, and played a leading role in Society; [bound with] 4 other Darwin offprints. London: the initiatives which led to the foundation of a university college in Taylor and Francis; The Linnean Society, 1862–9 Southampton in 1902. Octavo. 5 offprints bound without wrappers in contemporary half calf. With Southampton binder’s label and authorial inscription “From the author” on “On the movements and habits of climbing plants” is bound with the title page of the first work. Armorial bookplate of the author’s son Wil- the following works by Darwin: liam E. Darwin, some light spotting to text, binding slightly rubbed on spine a) “On the two forms, or diomorphic condition, in the spe- and at extremities. cies of Primula...”. Offprint from The Journal of the Proceedings of first edition, presentation copy from darwin to his son the Linnean Society, 1862. Freeman 1717. of the rare author’s issue of “Climbing Plants”, inscribed “from the author” on the title page. b) “On the Existence of two forms, and on their reciprocal The printing of the monograph took three forms: a double num- sexual relation, in several species of the genus Linum...”. Off- ber of the Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, and print from The Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society, 1863. two offprints, one for commercial sale, and one (as here) for the Freeman 1723. author. Darwin had long been intrigued by the more energetic aspects of plant physiology, and this monograph (subsequently c) “On the Sexual Relations of the three forms of Lythrum published in a second edition by John Murray in 1875) is the result salicaria”. Offprint from the Linnean Society Journal, 1864. Free- of his study of more than 100 species of climber, which, he was man 1731. convinced, demonstrated how climbing adaptation aided survival d) “Notes on the fertilization of orchids”. Offprint from The in dense vegetation, showing how plant movement had been inten- Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 1869. Freeman 1748. sified by the process of natural selection. William Erasmus Darwin (1839–1914) was the first of the natural- Freeman 835. ist’s ten children. From 1861 to 1870 he was his father’s main scien- £75,000 [128453]

50 ABU DHABI PART II – THE WESTERN CANON 38

Presentation copy, inscribed in his own hand The modern Dutch ownership inscription in this copy is interesting, and hints that the original recipient may have been Dutch. The 38 only Dutch scientist on the list of copies for presentation made by DARWIN, Charles. The Different Forms of Flowers on Darwin was Pieter Harting (1812–1885), the noted zoologist, who Plants of the Same Species. With illustrations. London: had been one of the first Dutch scholars to accept the theory of evolution. For Darwin’s 68th birthday, 12 February 1877, his continen- John Murray, 1877 tal supporters had sent him albums containing photographs of 217 Octavo. Original green cloth, spine lettered in gilt and with gilt decorative distinguished professors and lovers of science from Holland and bands at head and foot, sides blocked in blind, dark brown coated endpa- 154 German scientists. The German album was arranged by Ernst pers, Simpson & Renshaw binder’s ticket. Housed in a dark green quarter Haeckel, who was a recipient of a presentation copy of Forms of Flow- morocco solander box by the Chelsea Bindery. 15 text woodcuts, 38 tables. ers. At the same time, Pieter Harting sent Darwin a copy of a Dutch Inserted adverts dated Mar. 1877. With green floral inkstamp and manuscript ownership mark of Willem Overmars, herfst [autumn] 1985 to front testimonial honouring him and sent copies of his correspondence free endpaper. Extremities rubbed, front inner hinge skilfully restored, end- with Darwin for publication in Nature. The Dutch album was widely papers a little browned, overall very good. reported in the British press. first edition, presentation copy, inscribed by darwin at Freeman 1277. the head of the title: “With the respects of the Author.” Most unu- £50,000 [131722] sually for a Darwin presentation, the inscription is in Darwin’s own hand rather than one of Murray’s clerks. Different Forms of Flowers was published in a first edition of 1,250 copies on 9 July 1877. There was only a single issue, with adverts dated either January or March (the only other presentation copy of this edition we have handled also had March adverts). “Had Dar- win not chosen such genetically complex examples, he might have approached more nearly to an understanding of the laws of particu- late inheritance” (Freeman). It was translated only into French and German in Darwin’s lifetime, though into four further languages since his death.

Peter Harrington 51 attitude is that of perfect common sense, to which tyranny and fa- naticism were alike abhorrent” (PMM). First published in Paris in 1511, the Moriae encomium was reprinted in a large number of editions in its original form before any ver- nacular translation was published. Pforzheimer suggests that, in light of the intended Latinate audience, the free movement of Latin books and unbound sheets, and the contemporary preference (at least in England) for continental printing, a translation was simply not required. Thomas Chaloner (1520–1565), the Cambridge-educated English translator, strove to remain faithful to Erasmus’s tight, lean style, resulting in a work of lasting importance that had a very considerable influence on English literature in general and more particularly on Shakespeare. Chaloner’s text appears the direct source for monologues in As You Like It and The Tempest, and analysis of Shakespeare’s verbal usage has identified several instances where a word from Chaloner is used in Hamlet and in few, if any, other instances. The first edition of Chaloner’s translation is genuinely rare: Mill- er is his 1965 census lists 14 copies in institutions worldwide (two are defective) but makes clear the difficulty of distinguishing the first and second editions and adds the additional difficulty of the misprint in the original STC entry that has created variants that are really ghosts. It seems probable that there are further institutional holdings of this edition, but apparent absences at the Folger Li- brary, the Getty, and the New York Public Library, and the dearth of copies at auction since the 1950s, indicate the work’s rarity. Miller A; Pforzheimer 359; Printing and the Mind of Man 43 (first edition, 1511); STC 10500. See the Early English Text Society edition edited by Clarence H. Miller, “The Praise of Folie”, OUP, 1965; see Shakespeare Survey: An Annual Survey of Shake- spearian Study and Production, vol. 27, Cambridge University Press, 1974. £95,000 [108395]

39 On the Interpretation of Dreams First edition in English of one of the most notable works 40 of the European Renaissance FREUD, Sigmund. Die Traumdeutung. Leipzig & Vienna: 39 Franz Deuticke, 1900 [1899] ERASMUS, Desiderius. The Praise of Folie. Moriae Encomium A Book Made In Latine. Englisshed By Sir Thomas Chaloner, Knight. Anno m.d.xlix. (London: in the house of Thomas Berthelet, 1569 [recte 1549]) Small quarto (181 × 130 mm). Nineteenth-century brown crushed morocco by Jenkins & Cecil (their stamp to foot of front free endpaper verso), boards ruled in gilt with crowned thistle and floral tools at corners, banded spine with title gilt and rules and tools in six compartments, turn-ins with elaborate tooling in gilt, marbled endpapers, gilt edges. Housed in a dark brown quarter morocco solander box by the Chelsea Bindery. Title printed within elaborate allegorical woodcut frame, two elaborate 10-line woodcut initials, publisher’s device on last leaf verso; black letter text with quotations in italic and proper nouns in Roman types. Outer leaves slightly browned, small paper repairs to inner margin of last leaf, text not affected, an excellent copy. first edition in english of one of the most notable works of the renaissance. “The Praise of Folly was written when Erasmus was staying in the house of Thomas More in the winter of 1509–10. Its title is a delicate and complimentary play on the name of his host: its subject matter is a brilliant, biting satire on the folly to be found in all walks of life . . . Whenever tyranny or absolute power threatened, The Praise of Folly was re-read and reprinted. It is a sign of what was in the air that Milton found it in every hand at Cambridge in 1628. His inherent scepticism has led people to call Erasmus the father of 18th century rationalism, but his rationalist 40

52 ABU DHABI PART II – THE WESTERN CANON 41

Octavo (238 × 152 mm). Original paper wrappers. Housed in a box. Diagrams freud reads the manuscript of moses and monotheism. A to text. From the library of Jo. Weber, with stamp and shelfmark label to superb signed photograph of Freud at work taken by the Austri- front wrapper. an-British psychoanalyst Wilhelm Hoffer (1897–1967), depicting first edition of freud’s greatest single work, The Inter- Freud seated at his desk in London. pretation of Dreams, one of only 600 copies. “Die Traumdeutung con- Freud had begun working on his Moses book in 1934 and part- tains Freud’s general theory of the psyche, which he had developed ly published it in German in 1937. He arrived in London on 6 June during the past decade. Using his refined understanding of the 1938, announcing that he wished to continue his biblical studies. operation of the unconscious, Freud interpreted dreams on the (Hoffer also fled Vienna for London about the same time.) Freud basis of wish-fulfilment theory and discussed displacement (the finished the book that year and the complete German text in three appearance in conscious thought of symbols for repressed desires), parts was first published in Amsterdam in March 1939 as Der Mann regression, Oedipal impulses, and the erotic nature of dreams. Al- Moses und die Monotheistische Religion. Freud’s English was excellent, though this was his first major work on normal psychology, Freud but he entrusted the task of translating the book to Katerina (Kitty) gave an unprecedented precision and force to the idea of the es- Jokl, who had been at school with Freud’s daughter, Anna. “In fact, sential similarities of normal and abnormal behaviour, opening his desire to see the English translation published became his most up the door to the irrational that had been closed to Western psy- urgent dying wish” (Freud’s Literary Culture, Frankland). Katerina was chology since the time of Locke” (Norman). “It contains all the the second wife of Freud’s leading British acolyte, Ernest Jones. The basic components of psychoanalytic theory and practice” (PMM). English translation was published by the Hogarth Press in May 1939 The book was published on 4 November 1899 (though post-dated (the translation credited to Katherine Jones), Freud dying in Sep- by the publisher) but sold so slowly that the second edition did not tember that year. appear until nine years later. provenance: although without identifying marks to this effect, Garrison–Morton 4980; Grinstein 227; Grolier/Horblit 32; Grolier Medicine 87; a previous owner stated that he had been gifted the photograph by Norman F33; Printing and the Mind of Man 389. a member of the Jones family, the photograph having been given £50,000 [131686] by Freud to Katerina. In his autobiography Katerina’s son, the Brit- ish novelist, journalist and biographer Mervyn Jones (1922–2010), writes about his childhood and the various traumas of his school- Freud reads the manuscript of his final work days, including being psychoanalysed as part of the family busi- 41 ness. He describes the affection he felt as a teenager for Freud, a warmth reciprocated by the great man, and the importance of that FREUD, Sigmund. Signed photograph. [London: Wilhelm influence on the entire Jones family. In September 1939, the month Hoffer, photographer, 1938] of Freud’s death, he and his mother left England for New York, not Original silver gelatine print (112 × 87 mm). Signed by the subject, “Sigm. returning until 1942. In 2009 the photograph was in the stock of Freud”, across the lighter portion of the photograph. Pencil markings on Lion Heart Autographs of New York City. verso and faint ink processing number “89 030”; traces of album mount. Sil- vering of the darker parts of the image, else very good. £22,500 [132013]

Peter Harrington 53 42

The first major treatise of modern science in English net to the polarity of the Earth and built an entire magnetic philosophy on this analogy. In Gilbert’s animistic explanation, magnetism 42 was the soul of the Earth and a perfectly spherical lodestone, when GILBERT, William. De magnete, magneticisque aligned with the Earth’s poles, would spin on its axis, just as the corporibus, et de magno magnete tellure; Physiologia Earth spins on its axis in 24 hours. (In traditional cosmology the Earth was fixed and it was the sphere of the fixed stars, carrying nova, plurimus & argumentis, & experimentis the other heavens with it, that rotated in 24 hours.) Gilbert did not, demonstrata. London: Peter Short, 1600 however, express an opinion as to whether this rotating Earth was Folio (290 × 188 mm). Contemporary calf over wooden boards, metal furni- at the center of the universe or in orbit around the Sun. Since the ture and clasps; rebacked, one catch missing, covers rubbed. Housed in a Copernican cosmology needed a new physics to undergird it, Co- black cloth solander box by the Chelsea Bindery. Woodcut device (McKerrow pernicans such as Johannes Kepler and Galileo were very interested 119) on title, large woodcut arms on verso, numerous text woodcuts, some in Gilbert’s magnetic researches. Galileo’s efforts to make a truly full-page, large folding woodcut diagram (lightly browned), historiated powerful armed lodestone for his patrons probably date from his woodcut capitals, head- and tailpieces. Provenance: Leiden, Royal Academy (“Acad. Lugd.” stamp on binding, and ink lettered at top and bottom edges, reading of Gilbert’s book” (Galileo Project). “Publica auctoritate vendidi W. G. Pluym” duplicate stamp on title); book- Dibner Heralds of Science 54; Grolier/Horblit 41; Heilbron, pp. 169–179; Norman plate of Samuel Verplanck Hoffman (1866–1942), president of the New York 905; Printing and the Mind of Man 107; STC 11883; Wellcome 2830. Historical Society, member of the Grolier Club, whose important collection of astrolabes was acquired by the Smithsonian in 1959. Lightly browned at £30,000 [41553] beginning and end, a good copy. first edition of “the first major english scientific treatise based on experimental methods of research. Gilbert was chiefly concerned with magnetism; but as a digression he discusses in his second book the attractive effect of amber (electrum), and thus may be regarded as the founder of electrical science. He coined the terms ‘electricity,’ ‘electric force’ and ‘electric attrac- tion’” (PMM). Gilbert’s book “quickly became the standard work throughout Europe on electrical and magnetic phenomena. Europeans were making long voyages across oceans, and the magnetic compass was one of the few instruments that could save them from being hopelessly (and usually fatally) lost. But little was known about the lodestone (magnetic iron ore) or magnetized iron. Gilbert tested many folk tales. Does garlic destroy the magnetic effect of the compass needle? More importantly, he made the first clear distinction between magnetic and the amber effect (static electricity, as we call it). De Magnete is a comprehensive review of what was known about the nature of magnetism, and Gilbert added much knowledge through his own experiments. He likened the polarity of the mag- 42

54 ABU DHABI PART II – THE WESTERN CANON 43 43

How to build, furnish, and run the perfect house beech boards renewed, some skilful paper repair to lower margins of first and last few leaves, not affecting text, light staining in lower margin, twin 43 wormhole through last few leaves neatly closed, still a very good copy in its first binding. GRAPALDUS, Franciscus Marius. De partibus aedium. first edition of this famous treatise on how the per- [Parma:] Angelus Ugoletus, [1494] fect house should be built, furnished and run. Organized Quarto (200 × 144 mm). Contemporary blind-stamped calf backing beech as a thematic dictionary, it contains separate sections devoted to boards, clasps and catches (clasps gone), early spine label lettered by hand. different parts of the house, including the kitchen, library, aviary, Housed in a black quarter morocco solander box by the Chelsea Bindery. stable, and nursery, and moves on to more general discussion, elu- Contemporary marginalia in a clear humanist hand, ink now somewhat fad- cidating terms relating to construction, gardening, and the domes- ed. Some skilful repair to spine ends, headbands renewed, lower corners of tic arts. Chapter 9 of Book II, “Bibliotheca”, includes a well-known description of the process of paper-making. Grapaldus’s book was called a lexicon in later editions, and its organization is an early example of the encyclopaedic tendency of many dictionaries in the Renaissance. As Jonathon Green points out, Grapaldus’s discussion of the term apotheca, for example, moves from a discussion of wine shops to wine cellars to different types of wines and ultimately to the vessels that contain them (Chas- ing the Sun: Dictionary Makers and the Dictionary They Made, NY, Henry Holt, 1996, 50–1). This first and only incunable edition is rare in commerce. The only listing in auction records is the Sexton copy (morocco gilt extra by Gozzi: last 13 leaves wormed; some dampstains; blank verso of last leaf soiled), sold at Christie’s New York, 8 April 1981, for $5,500. Goff G349; HCR 7868; Klebs 471.1; Delisle 840; IDL 2026; IGI 4378; Voull(B) 3235,5; Kind(Göttingen) 1568; Bod-inc G–171; Sheppard 5681; Pr 6870; BMC VII 945 (IA 30356); GW 11331. £32,500 [86889] 43

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“One of the most influential art publications of the 18th century”, the basis for the Wedgwood style, which also helped to establish modern archaeological discourse 44 HAMILTON, Sir William. Collection of Etruscan, Greek, Sir William Hamilton (1731–1803), diplomatist and art collector, and Roman Antiquities from the Cabinet of the Hon. W. was appointed British envoy-extraordinary to the Spanish court at Hamilton, His Britannick Maiesty’s Envoy Extraordinary Naples in 1764, during that city’s Golden Age under the rule of the and Plenipotentiary at the Court of Naples. Naples: Morelli, Spanish Bourbons. An avid antiquarian, Hamilton assembled one of the world’s finest collections of Greek and Roman antiquities. 1766–7 [actually 1767–76] The core of his collection was bought en bloc from the Porcinari fam- 4 volumes, folio (470 × 340 mm). Contemporary mottled calf, skilfully ily, to whom he had been introduced by the buccaneering connois- rebacked and refurbished, two-line gilt border on sides, gilt foliate cor- seur and amateur art dealer Pierre-François Hugues (who styled ner pieces, marbled endpapers. Housed in custom purple cloth solander himself Baron d’Hancarville). Hamilton added several more choice boxes, dark red morocco labels. Hand-coloured engraved titles in English items before selling the entire collection to the British Museum in and French, 5 engraved dedication plates, 436 engraved plates (183 hand coloured, 73 double-page, 4 folding), engraved head- and tailpieces and in- 1772 for £8,400, where it became one of main collections in the de- itials (printed in colours in vol. IV); parallel text in English and French in partment of Greek and Roman antiquities. vols. I and II, five dedications, “Avertissement” in vol. II, “Avant Propos” in Before the collection was shipped to England, Hamilton ar- vol. IV. Light abrasions and overall craquelure to sides, touch of marginal ranged for Hancarville to oversee the cataloguing and drawing of dust-marking in places, a very good set. every item. Under Hancarville’s direction, the artists who worked first edition of this magnificent and notably rare on the execution of the large-format plates, along with the unusual- work, of which only 100 complete sets were produced: ly elaborate initials and vignettes often based on Piranesi originals, 500 copies of vols. I and II, 100 copies of vols. III and IV. Although included the draughtsmen Edmondo Beaulieu, Giovanni Battista the two pairs of volumes are dated 1766 and 1767, in fact vol. I was Tierce, and Giuseppe Bracci, and the engravers Filippo de Grado, delayed until the end of 1767 and vol. II was published in 1769. Han- Carlo Nolli, Tommaso Piroli, Antoine Alexandre Joseph Cardon, carville’s financial problems led him to forfeit the finished plates Antonio Lamberti, and Carmine Pignatari. Giuseppe Bracci devel- for the final volumes to Florentine creditors in 1773; Hamilton’s in- oped a new printing process specifically for the plates. The final tervention and additional funding led to those two volumes being published work stands as a triumph of book production, one of the published in 1776.

56 ABU DHABI PART II – THE WESTERN CANON 44

nicum].”, inked accession stamp on English titles verso, and release stamps dated 1804). Gott was a key figure of the Industrial Revolu- tion. His engraved armorial bookplate bears a facsimile of his signature and the name of his country seat, Armley House, a villa on 44 the edge of Leeds acquired in 1803 and landscaped by Repton, most unusually incorporating distant views of Gott’s factory and Leeds. In most influential art publications of the 18th century, and one of the 1822 Sir Robert Smirke was engaged to remodel Armley House in the most beautiful books ever printed. Greek-revival style as a fitting home for his growing art collection. The work had an enormous influence on contemporary taste. Gott was a patron of his second cousin, the neo-classical sculptor Jo- “Antiquités étrusques, grecques et romaines spread the vogue throughout seph Gott (1785–1860), who trained under John Flaxman. Hamilton’s Europe for the ‘antique’ in furnishings, porcelain, wall coverings, opulent books would have matched his aspirations for his new home and interior decoration in general. Within barely a year of the publi- and been of considerable benefit to his cousin, in the year prior to his cation of the first volume Josiah Wedgwood had opened his pottery enrolment in the Royal Academy Schools. works, Etruria, in Staffordshire, and thrown six black basalt ‘first Berlin Katalog 890; Blackmer 845 (“this sumptuous work”); Brunet I, 321 (“ouvrage day vases’ based on vases in Hamilton’s publication. Countless oth- précieux, exécuté avec beaucoup de luxe”); Cohen–de Ricci 474; Lowndes IV p. er subsequent Wedgwood articles and designs were inspired by the 989 (“a splendid work”); Vinet 1528. work” (ODNB). “Collectors, such as Sir William Hamilton, the British envoy to £160,000 [124586] Naples, vied with the king in commissioning publications of their own large collections of antique vases... [The present work] ranks among the most lavish books produced in the eighteenth century. These folios, along with many others, provided a wealth of images that enjoyed an astonishing popularity at the end of the eighteenth and beginning of the nineteenth century. Perhaps even more importantly, they also helped to establish modern archaeological discourse” (J. Patrice Marandel in Museum of Modern Art: Europe in the Age of the Enlightenment and Revolution, 1987, p. 7). provenance: from the library of Benjamin Gott (1762–1840), cloth merchant and manufacturer, acquired at the British Museum duplicate sale of 1804 (front covers with gilt initials “M[useum]. B[ritan- 44

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Inscribed by the author 45 HEMINGWAY, Ernest. The Old Man and the Sea. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1952 Octavo. Original light blue calico-grain cloth, spine lettered in silver, author’s name to front board in blind. With the pictorial dust jacket. Housed in a blue half morocco folding case. Bookplate removed from front free endpaper. A fine copy, the cloth bright and fresh, in the near-fine, lightly tanned dust jacket. first edition, first printing, inscribed by the author on the front free endpaper, “With best wishes Ernest Hemingway Key West 1957”. One of the author’s most famous works, The Old Man and the Sea was the last major work of fiction by Hemingway published during his lifetime. It was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction the following year, and was cited by the Nobel Committee as contributing to their awarding of the Nobel Prize in Literature to Hemingway in 1954. Grissom A24.1.a; Hanneman 24a. £32,500 [132080]

58 ABU DHABI PART II – THE WESTERN CANON The first full exposition of social contract theory 46 HOBBES, Thomas. Leviathan, or the Matter, Forme, & Power of a Common-wealth Ecclesiastical and Civill. London: for Andrew Crooke, at the Green Dragon in St. Paul’s Church-yard, 1651 Folio (280 × 177 mm). 18th-century speckled calf, expertly rebacked preserving original spine, covers with triple fillet border in blind, new endpapers preserving earlier rear free endpaper. Ornament of winged head on title page, engraved frontispiece and folding printed table. The name “Shirley” written in a neat early hand to pp. 48 and 193; other minor early annotation to pp. 33 and 293; pencilled manicule of uncertain date to p. 166. A few mi- nor marks and abrasions to covers; some sporadic browning and foxing, yet generally clean internally. The frontispiece is a little closely trimmed at head but without any loss, and is here in a good bold impression, without the fading that is sometimes seen; the folding table is without tears or stains. Overall a very desirable copy. true first edition of one of the foundation works in the field of political theory, with the winged head ornament on the title page. There are three editions with title-pages bearing 1651 imprints. The second, with a bear ornament, was printed outside England (probably at Amsterdam), and the third, with a triangular type ornament, is now considered to date from c.1695–1702. Leviathan details Hobbes’s notion of the origin of the State as a product of human reason meeting human need, through to its destruction as a consequence of human passions. According to Hob- bes, the State, as an aggregate of individual men (so well portrayed in the famous engraved title), should always be tendered the obe- dience of the individual, as any government, in his view, is better than the natural anarchic state, where the life of man is “solitary, poore, nasty, brutish, and short” (p. 62). Needless to say, this view elicited a storm of controversy, putting Hobbes at odds with propo- nents of individual liberties. Through conflict, Leviathan has been the catalyst of much productive thought in succeeding centuries, from Spinoza to the school of Bentham, “who reinstated [Hobbes] in his position as the most original political philosopher of his time . . . [Leviathan] “produced a fermentation in English thought not surpassed until the advent of Darwinism” (PMM). ESTC R17253; Macdonald & Hargreaves 42; Printing and the Mind of Man 138; Wing H2246. £27,500 [132064]

Peter Harrington 59 47

First printing in Greek of the Iliad and the Odyssey heritage of all . . . The form, the action and the words have had incalculable influence on the form, action and words of poet- 47 ry ever since; the composition of the Aeneid, the Divine Comedy, HOMER. [In Greek:] Works. Florence: Demetrius Damilas for Paradise Lost, and many others, has been determined by the Ili- Bernardus and Nerius Nerli, 1488 ad and the Odyssey. Their popularity never diminishes” (PMM). The editor Demetrius Chalcondylas was professor of Greek at the 2 volumes, folio (312 × 216 mm). Late 18th-century red long-grain moroc- Florentine Studio from 1475 until 1491. The type is that of Demetri- co, spine lettered and tooled in gilt, double raised bands; an English bind- us Damilas, a scribe who had previously been active in the printing ing, decorated in the style of Roger Payne. Sixteenth-century annotations throughout, mainly in Latin and Greek, perhaps some in Italian. Binder’s of Greek books in Milan since 1476. It was based on the handwrit- mistake resulting in preliminary leaves for the Iliad bound at the start of the ing of Michael Apostolis, which was simpler and more distinct than Odyssey; blanks E10 and ETET6 not preserved. A beautiful copy. Damilas’s own elegant but elaborate hand. This monumental printing is the first large-scale printing in Greek, and also probably the editio princeps of the writings attributed to homer, in- first Greek book printed in Florence. (The rare Erotemata by Ema- cluding the iliad and the odyssey, two of the earliest, nuel Chrysoloras, which survives in only two copies, was printed most important and influential works of european in Florence either in 1475 or c.1488–94.) The text of Homer was not literature. “The Iliad and the Odyssey are the first perfect po- printed again in Greek until Aldus’s octavo edition of 1504, which etry of the western world. They spring fully grown, their prede- was based directly on Chalcondylas’s text. cessors lost, and the magic has persisted ever since. The legends The Batrachomyomachia (“Battle of the Frogs and Mice”), a pseu- of the siege of Troy and the return of Odysseus are the common do-Homeric text, which is also included here with the Iliad, Odyssey

60 ABU DHABI PART II – THE WESTERN CANON 47 and Homeric Hymns, had been earlier printed in an unsigned Greek– Latin edition printed perhaps at Brescia or Ferrara, which is known only from the unique copy in the John Rylands University Library, Manchester. Despite the lengthy and circumstantial colophon, bibliographers have had trouble in agreeing on the correct imprint and date. Rob- ert Proctor (The Printing of Greek in the Fifteenth Century, 1900, p. 66 sqq.) argued that the edition was actually printed in the shop of Bartolommeo di Libri, whose type was used to print the dedication to Piero de’ Medici on the first page. BMC assigned the edition rather to the Nerli brothers, but Roberto Ridolfi (La stampa a Firenze nel secolo XV, 1958, p. 95 sqq.) has pointed out that the Nerli were well-born and wealthy Florentines whose role would have been a purely financial one. He has instead assigned the Homer to the anonymous Florentine shop, the Printer of Virgil (Copinger 6061, Goff V183), which flourished from 1488 to 1490 or so. Ridolfi sup- poses that only the first, dedication page was printed in di Libri’s shop, more than a month after the completion of the edition proper, this page hitherto having been planned as a blank. This copy once belonged to George Shuckburgh (1751–1804), a well-known English bibliophile who owned a Gutenberg Bible, the first to reach the United States. The copy was then offered, through Goodspeed, to William Wyatt Barber, Jr, principal of St Mark School. Finally, it appeared in Christie’s New York auction of 7 Dec. 2012 (lot 86). HCR 8772; BMC VI 678 (IB 27657a); Goff H300; Printing and the Mind of Man 31.

£250,000 [131684] 47

Peter Harrington 61 48 48

One of the key philosophical works of the European the finished manuscript by mid-September 1737, but he did not sign Englightenment, rarely found complete with the third articles of agreement with a publisher, John Noon, for another 12 months, and the two volumes finally appeared, anonymously, at the volume end of January 1739. 48 Already fearing that they would not be well received, Hume had meanwhile begun a third volume, “Of Morals”, in part a restate- HUME, David. A Treatise of Human Nature: Being ment of the arguments of these first two books, which was not An Attempt to introduce the experimental Method of published until 5 November 1740 by a different publisher, Thomas Reasoning into Moral Subjects. London: John Noon (vol. III Longman. Hume treated the third volume as a discrete work in its Thomas Longman), 1739–40 own right insofar as he later “cast anew” its contents alone as An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals (1751). 3 volumes, octavo (195 × 122 mm). Rebound to style in modern speckled calf, As a result of this broken-backed publication history, the three red and green morocco labels to spines, red morocco roundels on green la- volumes of the Treatise are rarely found together. “The book comes bels lettered in gilt, compartments ruled in gilt, raised bands tooled with rope-twist roll in gilt, boards double-ruled in black, red sprinkled edges. up for sale so seldom that one may doubt whether more than one or Housed in a brown cloth flat-back box by the Chelsea Bindery. Engraved two hundred can be extant” (Keynes and Sraffa, in their introduc- head- and tailpieces and initials. Contents to Books I and II additionally tion to Hume’s Abstract). bound in to the front of vol. II. Corrections neatly made in pencil to contents Chuo 30; Fieser A.1–3; Jessop, p. 13; Printing and the Mind of Man 194. William B. of vol. I following errata, two faint marginal pencil marks to vol. II. Very Todd (ed.), Hume and the Enlightenment (1974), pp. 190–1. occasional spotting, still a fine set. first edition of hume’s first great work, rarely found £125,000 [120809] thus, complete in three volumes, with two of five leaves which Chuo notes as often cancelled in the uncancelled state (A4 and F6 of vol. 3). Hume composed the first two books before he was 25 during his three years in France. He returned to London with

62 ABU DHABI PART II – THE WESTERN CANON 48

Peter Harrington 63 49

First printing of his most mature philosophical work very rare German translation in 1720, then in a Latin translation by Christian Wolff a year later. The title was coined by the work’s 49 first editor, Heinrich Köhler; Leibniz himself never settled on a ti- LEIBNIZ, Gottfried Wilhelm von. Lehr-Sätze über die tle, though one of the surviving manuscripts was annotated by a Monadologie… Aus dem Frantzösischen übersetzt copyist, “The principles of philosophy, by Mr Leibniz”. The Monad- ology was also one of the first of Leibniz’s philosophical works to be von Heinrich Köhler; [bound with two other works on translated into English, in 1867 by Frederick Henry Hedge. Leibniz.] Frankfurt & Leipzig: Widow of Johann Meyer, 1720 This appealingly unsophisticated contemporary volume gathers 3 works bound in 1 volume, octavo (172 × 100 mm). Contemporary full the earliest Monadology with two other related works published the vellum over paste paper boards, edges sprinkled red. Housed in a custom same year: the German translation of the renowned correspond- book-form quarter calf box. Engraved head- and tailpieces, initials. With the ence between Leibniz and Clark, and that of Fontenelle’s account of engraved folding plate of Leibniz’s calculating machine at p. 119 of the third Leibniz’s life and work, with the plate illustrating his most famous and final work, but without the engraved portrait frontispiece. Library shelf invention: the calculating machine. A 16-page contemporary Leib- mark, “Bibl. no. 121” in ink to front pastedown, pencil annotations to verso of each title page. Some loss of vellum to head of spine and top edge of front niz bibliography is appended. board, vellum otherwise somewhat spotted and marked as often, faint evi- Though relatively well-represented at leading institutions in the dence of removed label to front pastedown, contents evenly browned, else a US and Europe (17 copies located by OCLC), the Monadology rarely very good, well-preserved copy of the Monadology bound with two relevant appears in commerce, with only four recorded instances at auction contemporary works. since 1980 (Zisska and Schauer 2011; Reiss and Sohn 2010; Kiefer exceedingly scarce first appearance in print of the Buch und Kunstauktionen 2010; Sotheby’s 1984). monadology, leibniz’s most mature philosophical work, “Few works of philosophy can rival Leibniz’s Monadology in terms considered one of the most important philosophical of sweep: it begins with an account of the most basic substances, texts of the 18th century. Written in 1714 and published in monads, and ends with God’s intimate relation to the most exalted the original French as late as 1814, it first appeared in print in this of these substances, namely minds . . . It is difficult not to be struck

64 ABU DHABI PART II – THE WESTERN CANON 49

49 49 by both its scope and its size, and in particular the apparent dispari- ty between the two. In the entire history of philosophy there is little b) FONTENELLE, Bernard le Bovier de. Lebens-Bes- else like it” (Strickland, p. 1). chreibung Herrn Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibnitz . . . Am- sterdam: [s.n.], 1720. With 1 engraved folding plate of Lei- The Monadology is bound first of three texts, together with: bniz’s calculating machine, without the portrait frontispiece. Ravier 349. a) LEIBNIZ, & Clark. Merckwürdig Schrifften, welche Printing and the Mind of Man 177(b); Ravier 352. See Lloyd Strickland’s introduction zwischen dem Herrn Baron von Leibniz und dem Herrn to Leibniz’s Monadology: A New Translation and Guide, Edinburgh University Press, Clarcke, über besondere Materien der natürlichen Religion 2014. . . . Frankfurt & Leipzig: Widow of Johann Meyer, 1720. Ravier £95,000 [127048] 351.

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The first computer program, from the library of Ada copy from the library of ada lovelace’s early tutor in Lovelace’s early tutor in mathematics, Dr William King mathematics, dr william king, in a handsome contemporary red morocco binding with “Lovelace” lettered in gilt to the front 50 board, with a page of meticulously compiled notes on Ada’s life in King’s hand to the flyleaf, and annotated on the title page to identi- (LOVELACE, Ada.) MENABREA, Luigi Federico. Sketch fy the anonymous translator of the work as “Lady Lovelace”. of the Analytical Engine invented by Charles Babbage, The paper originated with a lecture Babbage gave in 1840 in Italy Esq. With Notes by the Translator. Extracted from the on the operational features of his analytical engine. Among the lis- ‘Scientific Memoirs,’ vol. iii. London: printed by Richard and teners was the young Italian mathematician Luigi Federico Mena- John E. Taylor, 1843 brea, a future prime minister of Italy. He published a paper, “No- tions sur la machine analytique de M. Charles Babbage”, in Biblio- Octavo (212 × 134 mm), pp. [1], 666–731, [1], 1 folding table. Contemporary thèque universelle de Genève, October 1842, which constituted the first dark red morocco, rebacked to style, alternating floriate-and-scrollwork border within double-ruled frame to boards in blind, “LOVELACE” lettered published account of Babbage’s unbuilt general-purpose computer. in gilt to centre of front board, light brown endpapers, edges sprinkled red. With Babbage’s encouragement, Ada Lovelace (1815–1852) trans- Housed in a custom made dark red quarter morocco book-form box by the lated Menebrea’s article, adding substantial appendices (each Chelsea Bindery. 1 folding table to the rear, “Diagram for the computation signed “A.A.L.”) far surpassing the original, and nearly trebling by the Engine of the Numbers of Bernoulli”, numerous tables to the text (1 its length. Her final appendix, “Note G”, presents an algorithm to full page, p. 711). Binder’s ticket, Manderson of Brighton, to front paste- compute the Bernoulli numbers, illustrated with a large folding ta- down; previous bookseller’s pencilled notes (“PJ/-, 35/-”) to front free end- ble that aims to present a complete and simultaneous view of all paper verso; the blank page opposite annotated in ink at two or more times by Dr William King, one of the dates neatly corrected in pencil; later typed the engine’s successive changes. This table is often described as slip laid in at front detailing provenance, reading: “The notes on the fly leaf the first computer programme, and on account of it Ada Lovelace is of this vol are undoubtedly by Wm King the Co-operator (1786–1865) who hailed as the “first computer programmer”. was a great friend and adviser of Lady Lovelace. His periodical ‘Co-operator’ The reader’s marks in the margins of pages 693 to 696, presum- was published by Sickelmore of Brighton and this vol was bound by Mander- ably King’s, draw attention to some of the work’s most important son of Brighton. Lady Lovelace was daughter of Byron. She trans[lated] the passages: the definitions of “operation” and “Analytical Engine”; a notes in this vol”. Professionally recornered and refurbished, some minor comparison of the functions of Babbage’s two machines; and the knocks and rubbing to extremities, gutters reinforced with cloth, contents paragraph that has become one of the most well-known sections of toned and occasionally foxed, short closed tears and chips to the fore edge of the folding table. Overall a very good copy with a splendid association. Lovelace’s translation, her metaphysical discussion of the “intrin- sic beauty, symmetry and logical completeness” of mathematical first separate edition of the most important early pa- science. per in the history of computing, remarkably rare, this

66 ABU DHABI PART II – THE WESTERN CANON 50 50 50

“Lovelace’s paper is an extraordinary accomplishment, probably ideas anticipated aspects of Christian socialism, which continued understood and recognized by very few in its time, yet still perfect- the co-operative movement in the 1850s. ly understandable nearly two centuries later” (Hollings, Martin King clearly recognized his own limits as a mathematical tutor & Rice 2018, p. 86). Its legacy is one that all successive comput- when set against the astonishing intellect of his student. As he con- er scientists have engaged with; Alan Turing famously challenged cludes admiringly in his handwritten notes which preface this fine Ada’s dismissal of artificial intelligence—which he called “Lady association copy of the Sketch, “Babbage said of this translation and Lovelace’s objection”—in his ground-breaking paper, “Computing notes that nothing but genius could have done it”. machinery and intelligence” in 1950. Grolier, Extraordinary Women in Science & Medicine, p. 122; Origins of Cyberspace 61. Lovelace’s paper appeared in volume 3 of Taylor’s journal Scientific See Johnston Birchall, Co-Op: The People’s Business (Manchester University Press, Memoirs (pp. 666–731) and was separately issued as an offprint for 1994); Christopher Hollings, Ursula Martin & Adrian Rice, Ada Lovelace: The Making authorial use, of which the present copy is an example. The paper is of a Computer Scientist (Bodleian Library, 2018); Christopher Hollings, Ursula Mar- tin & Adrian Rice, “The early mathematical education of Ada Lovelace”, BSHM Bul- notably scarce in either format. Just five other copies have surfaced letin: Journal of the British Society for the History of Mathematics, 2:3, pp. 221–234 (2017); at auction. Four were in the offprint format as here: (1) Sotheby’s Miranda Seymour, In Byron’s Wake (Simon and Schuster, 2018); Doron Swade, The 2018, the Irwin Tomash copy; (2) Christie’s 2008, the Richard Green Cogwheel Brain (Little, Brown, 2000); Betty Alexandra Toole, Ada, the Enchantress of copy in modern blue wrappers; (3) Christie’s 2005, presentation Numbers: Poetical Science (Lovelace–Byron Collection, 1992); John Wilson, Antony copy from the Earl of Lovelace to C. R. Weld in black morocco; and Webster & Rachael Vorberg-Rugh, Building Co-operation: A Business History of the Co-operative Group, 1863–2013 (OUP, 2013); Benjamin Woolley, The Bride of Science: Ro- (4) Sotheby’s 1978, disbound. Another copy was the journal issue mance, Reason and Byron’s Daughter (Pan Macmillan, 2015). (Bonhams 2014). According to OCLC and Copac, eight institutions hold copies of the Sketch in either the offprint or journal issue, none £250,000 [127810] outside the UK or US. Dr William King (1786–1865) was a physician and philanthro- pist whom Ada’s mother, Lady Byron, consulted for her numerous health problems. Lady Byron first appointed him her daughter’s tutor in the late 1820s, and Ada resumed regular correspondence with him in March 1834. The 18-year-old Lovelace was fired by enthu- siasm for Babbage’s ideas and sought King’s instruction in arith- metic, algebra, and geometry. King advised a course of instruction which relied heavily upon his own classical education at Cambridge 25 years earlier. Within a few weeks it became evident that the pu- pil had outstripped the tutor. Determined to tackle more advanced mathematics, Ada began to work with progressive academics such as Scottish polymath Mary Somerville and eminent logician Augus- tus De Morgan. King’s real achievements lay not in mathematics, but in the co-operative movement, of which he was one of the earliest and most significant supporters. His philanthropic and educational interests led him to sponsor the establishment of a mechanics’ institute in 1825, and The Co-Operator, a monthly periodical started by him in May 1828, contributed greatly to the upsurge of co-operative society foundations in the late 1820s and early 1830s. His 50

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King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table knew many other Arthurian stories (including late medieval English alliterative poems) and drew on them for incidents, allusions, and 51 minor characters that give his story additional solidity. [MALORY, Sir Thomas.] The most ancient and famous Completed in prison by 1470, the Morte Darthur was first pub- history of the renowned Prince Arthur King of Britaine, lished by Caxton in 1485, reprinted by Wynken de Worde in 1498 and 1529, and by William Copland in 1557 and Thomas East in 1578. Wherein is declared his Life and Death, with all his This sixth edition is the last of this early sequence and has the lan- glorious Battailes against the Saxons, Saracens and Pagans, guage modernized to Jacobean standards: that is, to Early Modern which (for the honour of his Country) he most worthily English. The Stansby edition is the earliest practically obtainable atchieved. As also, all the Noble Acts, and Heroicke Deeds for modern collectors; auction records show only three appearanc- of his Valiant Knights of the Round Table. Newly refined es of earlier editions (two copies of the 1578 East edition of which and published for the delight, and profit of the Reader. only one was complete, and one heavily incomplete copy of the Worde 1529 reprint which came up at Sotheby’s in 1972). London: by William Stansby, for Jacob Bloome, 1634 Grolier W-P 532; STC 806; not in Pforzheimer. Quarto (183 × 131 mm). Contemporary or near contemporary calf, very expertly recased and rebacked preserving most of the original spine. Custom £37,500 [114590] folding calf folding box. In three parts, each with separate title-page and woodcut frontispiece. Without the final blanks in parts I and II, as usual. Printed in black letter, with roman and italic prelims, headlines, rubrics and proper names. A little restoration to corners of binding, new endpapers, final four leaves repaired and partially restored (probably supplied from another copy), final leaf 2P4 with a few letters in pen facsimile, first frontispiece creased and reinforced at fore-edge, ink inscriptions on title page, some worming (mostly to margins and not affecting text), sheets browned, slight loss to fore-edge of A4 (second part), occasional inking over type, including at D2v (first part) where text is partly obscured by a spot of pale soiling, and some blacking out of text in a few places including at 2B1 and 2Fv (second part), leaf of manuscript notes (“In imitation of old Rhrime”) tipped in at G2-G3 (first part), a very good copy with ample margins. sixth edition, the earliest practically obtainable. Malo- ry’s Morte Darthur (the familiar title was accidentally given by its first printer, William Caxton, who mistook the name of its last section for the name of the whole), though in part a translation of French sources, is so artfully woven together from a wide variety of texts and tales that it is effectively an original work. Malory called what he wrote The Whole Book of King Arthur and his Noble Knights of the Round Table. As his title implies, he intended to retell in English the entire Arthurian story from authoritative accounts, which for him meant primarily the three major cycles of French Arthurian prose romance, although he 51

68 ABU DHABI PART II – THE WESTERN CANON 52

Correct first edition of Malthus’s rare work in a geometrical ratio, while the food supply can at best increase at an arithmetical ratio; so, whatever the plausible rate of increase 52 of the food supply, an unchecked multiplication of human beings [MALTHUS, Thomas Robert.] An Essay on the Principle must quickly lead to standing-room only” (Blaug, Great Economists of Population, as it Affects the Future Improvement before Keynes, p. 141). “For today’s readers, living in a post-Malthus era, the world’s of Society. With Remarks on the Speculations of Mr. population problems are well known and serious, but no longer Godwin, M. Condorcet, and Other Writers. London: sensational. It is difficult therefore to appreciate the radical and printed for J. Johnson, 1798 controversial impact made by the Essay at the time of publication. Octavo (210 × 128 mm). Early 19th-century black polished half sheep, dark It challenged the conventional notion that population growth is an red morocco spine labels, spine divided by dot-and-lozenge role and double unmixed blessing. It discussed prostitution, contraception, and rules with fleurons to first, third, fourth and fifth compartments, marbled other sexual matters. And it gave vivid descriptions of the horren- paper boards and endpapers. Housed in a custom made brown half morocco dous consequences of overpopulation and of the brutal means by book-form box. A very good copy in a provincial binding. Minor professional which populations are checked” (ODNB). refurbishment, one small area of wear to top edge of rear board, later end- Malthus was subsequently appointed Professor of History and papers sometime repaired at hinges with gutter exposed at title page, early Political Economy at the East India Company’s Haileybury College. ink inscription, stamp, and pencil marks to title page sometime discreetly removed, a few minor chips to fore edges of sigs. G7 and L5, contents oc- Despite its unpopularity with liberal critics, his principle of popu- casionally foxed and marked (see fore edge of sigs. A1–2) with a few neat lation became accepted as a central tenet of classical political econ- pencil annotations to margins (including an addition to the errata), else omy and Charles Darwin acknowledged Malthus’s influence in the fresh internally. development of his theory of natural selection. rare first edition of one of the most important and influential Carpenter XXXII (1); Einaudi 3667; Garrison–Morton 1693; Goldsmiths’ 17268; works in the history of economic thought. “Malthus was not the Kress B3693; McCulloch, pp. 259–60; Norman 1431; Printing and the Mind of Man first writer to make the obvious point that the growth of population 251. is ultimately limited by the food supply. He was, however, the first £150,000 [127772] to bring it home to readers with the aid of a simple, powerful metaphor: population when allowed to increase without limit, increases

Peter Harrington 69 53

The first book in English on a mechanical calculating The first of the two “arithmetick instruments” described here machine is Morland’s adding machine, a modification of Pascal’s calcula- tor: “A compact little apparatus made in brass 4 in by 3 in and 53 less than in thick, consisting of two sets of wheelworks, divided and numbered, with a counting disc, addition effected by turning MORLAND, Sir Samuel. The description and use of two the wheels clockwise, and subtraction by turning them anti-clock- arithmetick instruments. Together with a short treatise, wise”. This survives in a few examples in museums. The second explaining and demonstrating the ordinary operations instrument was his multiplier, which is illustrated in the second of arithmetick. As likewise, a perpetual almanack, and series of plates. This operated on the same principle as Napier’s several useful tables. Presented to His most excellent bones, except that the rods now became wheels. The machine Majesty Charles II. King of Great Britain, France, and also served for the extraction of square, cube and square-square roots. One surviving example of this known in a museum in Flor- Ireland, &c. London: printed, and are to be sold by Moses Pitt, ence. Morland also invented a perpetual almanac, which forms an 1673 addendum to this book. Morland’s ingenious inventions earned Small octavo (143 × 90 mm). Modern period-style sheep by Bernard Middle- him the patronage of Charles II, who gave him the title of “Master ton, double gilt rules, red morocco spine label, marbled endpapers. Housed of Mechanicks” in 1681. in a brown flat back cloth box. Frontispiece portrait of the author, with added title page [A2] dated 1672 (A new, and most useful instrument for addition and substraction of pounds, shillings, pence, and farthings); collates A-F8 (-F8) G8 (-G8) A-B8 *8. With 6 engraved plates printed on versos of first A2–6 and 4 folding engraved plates pasted to the versos of A8 and B1–3, folding letterpress table bound between G2 and G3, tables in the text. From the library of French mathematician Michel Chasles (1793–1880), with the original front wrapper of his binding bound in at the front, with “S. Morland 1673” on the recto in Chasles’s hand and his bookplate on the verso, above a note of acquisition in another hand “acheté a la vente Chasles samedi 9 juillet 1881”. Occasional browning and spotting, old repaired tear on B4 affecting a few letters but not the sense. first edition of the first book in english on a mechanical calculating machine, and the first separate work on the subject since Napier’s Rabdologiae (1617). Nothing more of any significance was published in English on calculating machines until Babbage in the 19th century. Morland (1625–1695) was at Magdalene College, Cambridge, where he tutored an unimpressed Samuel Pepys, before accompanying an embassy in 1653 to the court of Queen Kristina of Sweden, a noted patron of the sciences. It is here that Morland most likely became acquainted with Pascal’s calculating machine (Pascal had presented an example to Kristina in 1649). 53

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The book is unusually complex and unstable in make-up, with Newton had arrived at most of his unconventional ideas on col- the plates either printed directly or some plates printed as illustra- our by about 1668; but when he first expressed them (tersely and tions and cut out and pasted in place. Our copy has a full comple- partially) in public in 1672 and 1675, they had provoked hostile ment of plates and text leaves, except for the cancels G8 and F8. criticism, especially on the continent. The publication of Opticks, All copies apparently lack the cancel G8, and the majority lack the largely written by 1692, was held over by Newton until his most cancel F8. The Macclesfield copy had 8F present but lacked the first vociferous critics—especially Robert Hooke—were dead and, un- four leaves of 2A. usually for him, was first published in English, perhaps a further Origins of Cyberspace 9 (lacking F8); Taylor 358; Wing M2777. defensive measure. Nevertheless, Opticks established itself, from about 1715, as a model of the interweaving of theory with quanti- £20,000 [63951] tative experimentation. The great achievement of the work was to show that colour was a mathematically definable property. Newton One of Newton's most important publications showed that white light was a mixture of infinitely varied coloured rays (manifest in the rainbow and the spectrum), each ray definable 54 by the angle through which it is refracted on entering or leaving [NEWTON, Isaac.] Opticks: or, A Treatise of the a given transparent medium. “Newton’s Opticks did for light what Reflexions, Refractions, Inflexions, and Colours of his Principia had done for gravitation, namely place it on a scientific basis” (D. W. Brown, cited in Babson). Light. Also Two Treatises of the Species and Magnitude Babson 132 (1); ESTC T82019; Gray 174; Horblit 79b; Norman 1588; Printing and the of Curvilinear Figures. London: Printed for Sam Smith, and Mind of Man 172. Benj. Walford, Printers to the Royal Society, 1704 £95,000 [132039] Quarto (245 × 191 mm). Contemporary panelled calf, spine gilt in compartments, red morocco label. Housed in custom brown morocco-backed slipcase and chemise. With 19 folding plates, title printed in red and black with double ruled border. Neat restoration to extremities, one plate dust-soiled at outer edge, an excellent copy, the paper clean and fresh. first edition, first issue, without Newton’s name on the title. Newton’s Opticks expounds his corpuscular or emission theory of light, and first contains his important optical discoveries in collect- ed form. It also prints two important mathematical treatises (published here for the first time but omitted in later editions) describ- ing his invention of the fluxional calculus, which are the grounds for his claim for priority over Leibniz.

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First edition in English of the Prophecies of Nostradamus settled there, leaving the Catholic church, and publishing books mostly on medical matters. His edition of Nostradamus gives the 55 French text of each quatrain followed by the English translation and NOSTRADAMUS, Michel. The True Prophecies or some usually short but useful notes. English interest in the prophe- Prognostications of Michael Nostradamus, Physician to cies of Nostradamus had been aroused by the successive cataclysms of civil war, plague, and the Great Fire of London. Henry II. Francis II. and Charles IX. Kings of France, And Caillet 8073; ESTC R13646; Wing N1399. one of the best Astronomers that ever were. A Work full of Curiosity and Learning. Translated and Commented £12,500 [132714] by Theophilus de Garencières, Doctor in Physick Colleg. Lond. London: by Thomas Ratcliffe, and Nathaniel Thompson, One of a few specially bound presentation sets and are to be sold by John Martin [& 7 others in London], 1672 56 Folio (300 × 194 mm). Contemporary calf, rebacked and recornered, orange calf label, marbled edges, later endpapers. Engraved frontispiece incorpo- OWEN, Robert. A New View of Society: or, Essays on rating portraits of the author and translator (often absent), title printed in the Principle of the Formation of the Human Character, red and black, woodcut initials and head- and tailpieces. 19th-century book- and the Application of the Principle to Practice. London: plate of Charles Hoare. Covers a little dried and scuffed, contents lightly browned, a few minor marks on title page, minor cracking between title and printed for Cadell and Davies by Richard Taylor and Co. (part I); dedicatory leaves, short split to p. 229 without loss to text, small chip to pp. for Cadell and Davies, and Murray by Richard and Arthur Taylor 231/2 with loss to pagination, trivial wormhole in gutter of pp. 281 to end. A (part II); printed by Richard and Arthur Taylor . . . Not Published very good copy. (parts III & IV), 1813–14 first edition in english. The prophecies of Nostradamus 4 parts bound in one octavo volume (230 × 145 mm). Contemporary dark (1503–1566) were first published in part as Les Propheties in 1555; the blue straight-grain morocco, spine lettered and decorated in gilt to com- complete collection of 942 verses was posthumously published in partments, raised bands, boards with gilt roll and palmette borders, watered 1568. Theophilus Garencières (1610–c.1680) was a French physician pink silk doublures and endpapers, inner dentelles and edges gilt. Housed who came to England with the French ambassador in the 1650s and

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. . . The second Essay was published in the same year, the third and fourth were privately printed and circulated during 1814, not being published until two years later” (Goldsmiths’ Owen Exhibition). It is considered “the first practical statement of socialist doctrine” (PMM). The work states clearly Owen’s view of social development, stressing his egalitarian educational doctrine. At the New Lanark industrial settlement Owen erected a large new building, the “Insti- 56 tute for the Formation of Character”, which was to contain public halls, community rooms and above all schools for the children at work in the factory, and with a nursery school (what Owen called in a dark blue quarter morocco solander box by the Chelsea Bindery. Extrem- a “playground”). The educational work at New Lanark for many ities and boards expertly refurbished with a few tiny abrasions to joints, the years excited the admiration of visitors from all over the world. The contents crisp and clean, a fresh, wide-margined copy. “Fourth Essay” of the book contains proposals at national level, in- first edition, first issue of the four essays, one of 40 spe- cluding a universal state educational system, a Ministry of Educa- cially bound presentation sets printed on thick paper, tion, colleges for training teachers, a system of state-aided public parts III & IV “Not published”, inscribed “From the Author” on the works, and the gradual abolition of the poor laws. first blank. The limitation of the presentation copies comes from Carpenter XXXIV (1); Foxwell, p. 15; Goldsmiths’ 20854; Goldsmiths’ Owen Exhi- Edouard Dolléans: “En écrivant les Vues nouvelles, Owen a surtout bition 29; Harrison, p. 271; Kress B.6195; NLW 2–5; Printing and the Mind of Man 271. pour objet de gagner à ses idées les membres les plus hauts placés de l’État et de l’Église; il fait relier richement par les plus habiles £87,500 [130529] ouvriers quarante exemplaires des Vues nouvelles” (Dolléans, Owen, p. 145f ). A New View of Society is “Owen’s first and most important published work, containing the principles upon which he based his educational and social reforms at New Lanark, an account of their application there, and an outline of the means by which his theories might be applied to the nation as a whole. The first Essay . . . [dedicated to Wilberforce] was written in 1812 and published [anonymously], after it had been submitted to Francis Place for revision

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The Pékin Physiocratie the Chelsea Bindery. Engraved frontispiece by Ozanne after Jeaurat to part 1; woodcut vignettes by Beaugnet to title pages of both parts. Leaves g1, B3, 57 and G4 (part 1) and L8, N4, N5, and P2 (part 2) are present in cancelled state. Part 1: early ownership stamp, the initials FR below a crown, to title page; [QUESNAY, François.] Physiocratie, ou constitution ownership signature J. B. Andrieux (?) at head of title page. Extensive loss of naturelle du gouvernement le plus avantageux au genre leather (mostly worm damage) to joints and spine ends, but contents unaf- humain. Publié par Du Pont, des Sociétés Royales fected, lightly browned and spotted, top right corner of initial blank clipped, presumably to remove previous ownership marking. Part 2: extremities very d’Agriculture de Soissons & d’Orléans, & Correspondant lightly rubbed, else a bright, clean copy. de la Société d’Émulation de Londres. [With:] first edition, the extremely rare first issue with the Discussions et développemens sur quelques-unes des fictitious pékin imprint on the title pages of both notions de l’économie politique. Pour servir de Seconde parts, in the corrected state. Issued thus to avoid French censor- Partie au Recueil intitulé: Physiocratie. Pékin, and sold in ship, but in fact printed in Paris, the Pékin issue was printed in very Paris: Merlin, 1767 small numbers and swiftly withdrawn because of a reference made by the editor, Pierre Samuel Du Pont de Nemours, to Louis XV’s 2 parts in 2 volumes, octavo, continuously paginated and signed. Part 1 (188 engagement in the printing of Quesnay’s earlier work, the Tableau × 115 mm): contemporary mottled half sheep, red morocco spine label, économique. Du Pont de Nemours stated that the Tableau had been compartments tooled in gilt, raised bands, patterned paper boards, floral endpapers, edges red. Part 2 (188 × 120 mm): bound after a copy of the 1768 first published at Versailles in December 1758 “sous les yeux du Leyde edition of the first part in 19th-century green pebbled cloth-backed Roi” [in the presence of the king]; this expression was suppressed marbled paper boards, cloth tips, flat spine lettered and ruled in gilt, edges from the Leiden edition of 1768, a cancel replacing the offending sprinkled. Part 2 housed in a dark green quarter morocco solander box by leaf (leaf G4, part 1, pp. 103–4). This correction was also made to

74 ABU DHABI PART II – THE WESTERN CANON 57 some copies of the Pékin issue, and this copy is one such example, its imperfections, perhaps the nearest approximation to the truth with leaf G4 a cancel (see Jean Viardot in En français dans le texte and that has yet been published upon the subject of political economy” Mattioli for a discussion of the uncorrected, corrected, and “inter- (quoted in Rae’s Life of Adam Smith). mediate” states). Quesnay was the court physician to Louis XV, and his notion of The Pékin issue is very scarce, and it is thought that there are a circular flow of income throughout the economy was influenced fewer than 15 copies extant. Viardot records three copies (Menger by the contemporary discovery of blood circulation through the Collection at Hitotsubashi University, the Du Pont de Nemours and human body. He believed that trade and industry were not sourc- James Ford Bell Collection), and OCLC locates six more (three in es of wealth, and instead argued that the real economic movers the US, two in Denmark, and one in the UK, at Edinburgh Univer- were agricultural surpluses flowing through the economy in the sity). Just one other copy, defective, has been traced in commerce. form of rent, wages and purchases. Quesnay argued that regula- Physiocratie contains the major writings of François Quesnay tion impedes the flow of income throughout all social classes and (1694–1774), many first published in the Journal de l’Agriculture and therefore economic development; and that taxes on the productive assembled here by the periodical’s editor Pierre Samuel Du Pont de classes, such as farmers, should be reduced in favour of rises for un- Nemours for the first time, thus offering in one work the “bible” of productive classes, such as landowners, since their luxurious way of physiocracy, and the book that gave the physiocrats their name. It is life distorts the income flow. considered one of the most important and original works on polit- Einaudi 4430 (Pékin imprint, part 1 only); En français dans le texte 163; Goldsmiths’ ical economy to be published before the Wealth of Nations. Quesnay 10391 (Leyde); Kress 6427 (Leyde); Mattioli 2808 (Pékin); McCulloch, p. 7 (no im- presented a copy of his work to Adam Smith, who described its au- print specified); Schelle, Du Pont De Nemours et l’école physiocratique 10 (Leyde) Sraffa thor as “ingenious and profound, a man of the greatest simplicity 4809 (Pékin). See John Rae, Life of Adam Smith (1895). and modesty”, while pronouncing Quesnay’s system to be “with all £110,000 [124093]

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The celebrated Nuremberg Chronicle, the most extensively illustrated book of the 15th century, famed for its woodcuts 58 SCHEDEL, Hartmann. Liber chronicarum. Nuremberg: Anton Koberger, 12 July 1493 Imperial folio (444 × 310 mm), 325 leaves (of 326; without final blank). Con- temporary German dyed-brown pigskin blind-tooled in a panel design with three frames filled with floral and scrollwork roll-tools, central panel with floral stamps; edges sprinkled blue, neatly mounted on later boards. Housed in a brown quarter morocco solander box by the Chelsea Bindery. 63 lines plus headline, Gothic letter, xylographic title-page, 645 woodcut illustrations by Pleydenwurff and Wohlgemuth repeated to a total of 1,809, some full-page, others double-page, including a double-page map of the world showing the Gulf of Guinea discovered by the Portuguese in 1470, and double-page map of northern and central Europe by Hieronymus Münzer. With the inscription on title of Johan Divel dated 1547 recording its gift from the estate of Herwart(?) of the canons of St Blasius in Brunschweig; small library stamp with crown and phrase “Karl ProPr” on title; posthumous bookplate of noted American bibliophile Robert S. Pirie laid in. Some contemporary sidenotes or captions identifying cities. Later spine worn, head and foot of spine chipped, corners mended; clean marginal tears mended in leaves 12, 56, & 291, small marginal smudges and spots, light browning within text block in leaves 172–182, 217, 250, dampstain in lower outer corner of last 16 leaves, a few tiny mends at lower edge of last leaf; overall, a very good copy. first edition of the nuremberg chronicle, the most extensively illustrated book of the 15th century, a uni- versally acknowledged masterpiece of complex design. Compiled by the Nuremberg physician, humanist and bibliophile Hartmann Schedel (1440-1514), the text is a year-by-year account of notable events in world history from the Creation to the year of icle also incorporates geographical and historical information on r publication, including the invention of printing at Mainz, the ex- European countries and towns. The colophon on 266 marks the ploration of the Atlantic and of Africa, as well as references to the completion of the work of Hartmann Schedel; George Alt, a scribe game of chess and to medical curiosities, including what is believed at Nuremberg treasury who made the Gerrman translation, is the to be the first depiction of Siamese twins. Drawn by the author from author of the remainder of the text. multiple medieval and Renaissance sources, such as Bede, Vincent The book is especially famed for its series of over 1,800 wood- of Beauvais, Martin of Tropau, Flavius Blondus, Bartolomeo Plati- cuts depicting biblical subjects, classical and medieval history, and na, and Philippus de Bergamo (Iacopo Filippo Foresta), the Chron- a large series of city views in Europe and the Middle East—Augs-

76 ABU DHABI PART II – THE WESTERN CANON 58 burg, Bamberg, Basel, Cologne, Nuremberg, Rome, Ulm and Vi- that followed closely afterwards. The Latin edition was printed in enna among them, also Jerusalem (and its destruction) and Byz- Koberger’s shop between May 1492 and October 1493. Wilson, The antium. The double-page map of Europe includes the British Isles, Making of the Nuremberg Chronicle (1976), approves Dr Peter Zahn’s Iceland and Scandinavia, and the Ptolemaic world map is apparent- count of probably 1,500 Latin copies printed, of which approxi- ly sourced from the frontispiece of Pomponius Mela’s Cosmographia mately 1,240 have survived. (Venice, Ratdolt, 1488). HC 14508*; BMC II 437; Klebs 889.1; Polain(B) 3469; Goff S307. The work was carefully planned, with manuscript Examplar volumes being made for both the Latin and the German text version £87,500 [108472]

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One of the first printed works devoted to finance electing the antipope, Felix V. In recognition of this service he was made cardinal. At the end of the schism he resigned his cardi- 59 nalate, became Bishop of Caesarea in 1447, and eventually retired SEGOVIA, Johannes de. Tractatus super materia to a monastery. A considerable book collector, he left his impor- contractuum de censibus annis et perpetuis; [together tant collection of manuscripts to Salamanca University in 1457. This is one of the first books from the press of Johann Koelhoff with] Propositiones responsive ad questionem de the Elder (fl. 1471–87, d. 1493), printer and trader in Latin and Low observancia dominicalium dierum et precipuorum German works in Cologne. Jesse D. Mann argues that Koelhoff ’s in- solempnium festorum. [Cologne: J. Koelhoff, c.1472] volvement as printer “provides further evidence of [the Tractatus’s] Folio (283 × 205 mm), 24 leaves. Sometime included in a larger Sammel- relative popularity and importance” (p. 74). From approximately band, now bound in early 19th-century brown quarter cloth, marbled paper 1470, “experiments were made in stamping in typeset signatures boards, orange lozenge paper label to front board lettered and triple ruled in by hand . . . This rather ugly device was of short vogue, for in 1472 gilt. Printed in gothic type with spaces for initials. Complete with the initial Johann Koelhoff of Cologne showed the way to all subsequent blank leaf. Bookplate of Francesco Orazio Beggi (fl.1848–80), Commissary printers by setting up a last line on the pages that needed signing, Director of Police in Modena under the provisional government in 1848, to consisting of the necessary letter and number and, for the rest, of front pastedown (his library was sold anonymously by Puttick and Simpson a row of quads or other spaces that left it blank in printing. The in London in two sales, 16–18 March 1864 and 10 May 1865); 2 catalogue clip- pings also to front pastedown; contemporary marginal annotations in ink invention spread and in a dozen years was general” (Stokes, p. including several manicules. Extremities a little worn and chipped, contents 324). As one of his earlier works this Tractatus is therefore of con- lightly toned with some dampstain to top and fore edges of gathering C, a siderable typographical significance. It is also interesting to note very good copy of this rare work. that Koelhoff printed several other works on the census question. first edition of one of the earliest printed works de- The second work (5 pages) discusses the observance of Sundays voted to finance, one of the first to carry printed and other Feast Days. signatures, and the author’s first printed text. Written Copinger 3369; Goff J434; Oates 517; Sheppard 782; Voulliéme, Der Buchdruck Kölns during the Council of Basel, this treatise presents Segovia’s con- bis zum Ende des fünfzehnten Jahrhunderts, 639. Not in the British Library. ISTC locates tribution to the debate surrounding the theory and practice of 15 copies worldwide. See Jesse D. Mann, “Juan de Segovia’s Super materia contractuum de censibus annuis: Text and Context” (E. J. Brill, 1996); Roy Stokes, Esdaile’s census in medieval theology and economics. In it he sets forth an Manual of Bibliography, 6th ed. (2001). extended argument for the moral neutrality of financial transactions involving lifetime or perpetual annuities relating to assets £35,000 [121113] (“census”) distinct from usurious loan transactions (“mutuum”). John of Segovia was born toward the end of the 14th century and probably died in 1458. He came to prominence at the Coun- cil of Basel (1431–49) as one of the chief supporters of the revolutionary party and later as part of the committee responsible for

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Frankenstein, the prototype of all modern science fiction, brothers, George IV and later William IV. When Victoria succeeded to a superb copy of the first edition from the Hanoverian the British throne in 1837, the union of the crowns ended. This copy comes from a small clutch of books in identical bind- royal library at Marienberg Castle ings, mostly early 19th-century novels by women authors, released 60 from Marienberg by private treaty a few years ago. The 2005 auction by Sotheby’s of heirlooms belonging to the Royal House of Hano- [SHELLEY, Mary.] Frankenstein; or, The Modern ver realized an unequalled total of 44 million ($52.5 million, £29.8 Prometheus. In three volumes. London: for Lackington, million), well over three times the pre-sale estimate. Hughes, Harding, Mavor, & Jones, 1818 Ashley Library V 29; Tinker 1881; Wolff 6280. 3 volumes bound in one, duodecimo (167 × 108 mm). Contemporary dark £225,000 [132059] green vertical-grain cloth, front cover with the royal arms of Britain and Han- over stamped in blind, back cover with blind central cartouche, spine titled in gilt with large gilt ornaments either side, red sprinkled edges, from the Hano- verian royal library at Marienberg with pencilled shelf-mark on the inside front cover. Housed in a black morocco solander box by the Chelsea Bindery. With half-titles in each volume and final advert leaf in vol. I. A fine copy. first edition, in an immaculate library cloth binding done for the hanoverian royal library, of Mary Shelley’s masterpiece of gothic horror and early polemic against the hubris of modern science. The distinctive library cloth is from Marienberg Castle, with the arms of the Royal House of Hanover on the covers, identical with the arms of the British Royal Family at that date. The romantic neo-Gothic castle was built by the blind King George V of Hanover in the mid–19th century as a present to his queen. The House of Han- over was the European dynasty that provided more than a century of English kings, from George I to William IV, and many of the items housed in the castle reflect the extremely close relationship between the Royal Houses of Hanover and Britain. From 1816 to 1837, Hanover was ruled by the Duke of Cambridge as viceroy on behalf of his elder 60

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A crystal-clear exposition of the theory of natural right fourth posthumously in 1677. This copy is of the true first edition, with “Künraht” spelled thus and page 104 misnumbered 304. 61 Fritz Bamberger, “The Early Editions of Spinoza’s Tractatus Theologico-Politicus”, SPINOZA, Baruch. Tractatus theologico-politicus. Studies in Bibliography and Booklore, vol. 5, 1962, pp. 9–33, no. T1; Printing and the Mind of Man 153; Van der Linde, p.172. Hamburg: Henricus Künraht, 1670 Quarto (200 × 155 mm). Modern boards covered with a medieval manuscript £37,500 [130116] antiphonal on vellum, black spine label, green endpapers. Roman, italic and Hebrew type. Woodcut printer’s device on title. Without final blank. Title dust-soiled and repaired in gutter, a couple of stains to quire G and to fore edge thereafter, very good. first edition of spinoza’s great treatise on political theology, a “crystal-clear exposition of the theory of natural right” (PMM). Spinoza’s principal work, and the only work published in his lifetime, it blends the traditions of his Hebraic background with Cartesian rationalism. His ethical views are extended into the realm of politics, and contain the first clear statement of the mutual independence of philosophy and religion. “Man is moved to the knowledge and love of God; the love of God involves the love of our fellow men. Man, in order to obtain security, sur- renders part of his right of independent action to the State. But the State exists to give liberty, not to enslave; justice, wisdom and tol- eration are essential to the sovereign power” (PMM). Four editions were published with the 1670 date and Künraht imprint when, in fact, the second appeared in 1672, and the third and 61

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Presentation copy from his old friend Bram Stoker July 1897”. With the relevant issue points: printed on thicker paper stock, without the advert for The 62 Shoulder of Shasta which appears in later impressions on the verso STOKER, Bram. Dracula. Westminster: Archibald Constable of the final integral leaf [392]. The book was published in May 1897. and Company, 1897 £135,000 [130449] Octavo. Original yellow cloth, blocked and lettered in red. Housed in a quarter black morocco clamshell case with red morocco spine label. Collector’s bookplate of Jean Hersholt of Beverly Hills, California, on the front pastedown. Some light thumbing and soiling to cloth, but less than usually seen, spine somewhat darkened and faded as often, small stain at foot limited to first few leaves, otherwise clean and bright internally, an excellent copy. first edition, first issue, presentation copy, inscribed by the author on the front free endpaper: “Henry Williams

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True first edition, with first state frontispiece and to suit the division of the work among the different printers, by Andrew Tooke, the brother of Benjamin Tooke jun. Swift could 63 only protest Tooke’s unauthorized changes in pseudonymous let- [SWIFT, Jonathan.] Travels into Several Remote Nations ters sent from Ireland. of the World. In four parts. By Lemuel Gulliver, first a But the first edition was an immediate success, “and sold out within a week. Gay wrote: ‘From the highest to the lowest it is uni- surgeon, and then a captain of several ships. London: versally read, from the Cabinet-council to the Nursery’ . . . Swift Benj[amin] Motte, 1726 received from Motte £200 and possibly more from the sales of the 2 volumes, octavo (199 × 117 mm). Contemporary panelled calf, early book, largely due to Pope’s effort at instilling into his friend the 19th-century black morocco labels and gilt dates on spines. Housed in a principles of ‘prudent management’ . . . Gulliver’s Travels is the book dark brown quarter morocco solander box by the Chelsea Bindery. Frontis- by which Swift is chiefly remembered, and it is the record of his piece portrait of Gulliver (first state), 4 maps and 2 plans, additional early own experience in politics under Queen Anne as an Irishman in 19th-century engraving after Stothard inserted into vol. I (showing Gulliver what G. B. Shaw called ‘John Bull’s other island’” (ODNB). in Lilliput). Late 18th/early 19th-century manuscript addition of a verse by William Bowyer under the portrait frontispiece of Gulliver. Light splitting Grolier English 42; Printing and the Mind of Man 185; Rothschild 2104; Teerink 289. at head of joints, spine of vol. II very slightly chipped at head, a few minor rub marks, a few pages lightly creased, some faint staining at head of vol. I. £125,000 [130055] Ownership inscriptions of Robert Callaghan to title pages, dated 1732, and C. Fox to pastedown of vol. I and front free endpaper of vol. II, dated 1865; clipping from The Times, 9 July 1924, regarding the sale of a different copy, loosely inserted. An excellent copy, rarely found in such good condition in a contemporary binding. the true first edition of swift’s masterpiece, with the first state frontispiece. The first state has the inscription be- neath, which in the second state is placed around the portrait; a third state is a retouched version of the second. The first edition appeared on 28 October 1726 in two octavo volumes. Two super- ficially similar but distinct octavo editions followed in quick suc- cession: the second (eccentrically designated AA by Teerink) sometime in the middle of November, and the third edition (Teerink B) in December. The complications reflect the difficulty of publishing the pseudonymous, satirically explosive political satire. Swift was prudently absent in Ireland at publication date and the book was seen through the press chiefly by Alexander Pope, with the assistance of John Gay and Erasmus Lewis. For speed, and to thwart the pirates, Motte used five printing houses: those of Edward Say, Henry Woodfall, James Bettenham, William Pearson, and, for the greatest share, that of Jane Ilive. The text was edited, both on political grounds 63

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The birth of modern anatomy realism, were all carefully executed under Vesalius’s supervision in Venice. In an unprecedented coalescence of scientific exposition, 64 art, and typography, the De Fabrica became “one of the most beauti- VESALIUS, Andreas. De humani corporis fabrica libri ful scientific books ever printed” (Grolier). “Galen was not merely septem. Basel: Johannes Oporinus, June 1543 improved upon: he was superseded; and the history of anatomy is divided into two periods, pre-Vesalian and post-Vesalian” (PMM). Folio (433 × 295 mm). Early 19th-century sprinkled half sheep, marbled boards, two green morocco labels to spine lettered gilt, smooth spine divid- Cf. Adams V–603; Choulant-Frank pp. 178–80; Cushing VI.A.–1; Dibner, Heralds of Science 122; Garrison–Morton 375; Grolier Medicine 18A; Heirs of Hippocrates 281; ed into compartments by double gilt dotted lines and chain links. Housed in NLM/Durling 4577; Norman 2137; Printing and the Mind and Man 71; W. F. Richardson a custom slipcase. Woodcut pictorial title page (laid down on thin paper), (trans.), On the Fabric of the Human Body, 1998; Stillwell Science 710; Wellcome 6560. full-page portrait of Vesalius, probably after Jan Stephan Calkar, 7 large, 186 mid-sized, and 22 small woodcut initials, more than 200 woodcut illustra- £250,000 [126301] tions, including 3 full-page skeletons, 14 full-page muscle-men, 5 large diagrams of veins and nerves, 10 mid-sized views of the abdomen, 2 views of the thorax, 13 of the skull and brain, and numerous smaller views of bones, or- gans and anatomical parts, and 2 double-page folds, one of veins and one of nerves. Faint ownership signature of “Ippolito Guarisci” to title page. A little worming to boards and joints, mainly superficial, joints a little tender, tips slightly worn, title page with small holes to edges, sometime repaired with concomitant browning, a few small marginal tears with old neat repairs, folding plates with small reinforcement to verso, old ink stains at outer edge of pp. 335–80, p. 356 mounted on stub, occasional finger-mark, some foxing and marginal dampstaining throughout, more evident at final few leaves, withal presenting well. first edition of vesalius’s magnum opus, the founding text of modern anatomy, which revolutionized the science and teaching of medicine and practice of surgery. “This is the work that, by breaking the stranglehold in which the writings of Galen had gripped anatomical research for the previous twelve centuries, was instrumental in turning researchers away from his pages and send- ing them back to the prime source: the human body itself ” (Rich- ardson, p. ix). Vesalius studied at the Catholic University of Leuven, where the influence of Arab medicine was still dominant; his first publication, in 1537, was a paraphrase of the work of the 10th-century Muslim physician, Mohammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi, known in the west as Rhazes. Modern academics argue that this may have influenced Vesalius in criticizing Galen: critical discussions of Galen were available to Vesalius in Latin translations of Rhazes’s Liber Continens. Over 200 pioneering anatomical illustrations were incorporated into the text: the highly technical woodcuts, groundbreaking in their 64

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84 ABU DHABI PART II – THE WESTERN CANON 65

Uncut in original boards sought “to persuade women to endeavour to acquire strength, both of mind and body, and to convince them that the soft phras- 65 es, susceptibility of heart, delicacy of sentiment, and refinement WOLLSTONECRAFT, Mary. A Vindication of the Rights of taste, are almost synonimous [sic] with epithets of weakness”. of Woman: With Strictures on Political and Moral The few annotations present in this copy are indicative of part of the contemporary response to Wollstonecraft’s contro- Subjects. London: printed for J. Johnson, 1792 versial work: on page 293, to her assertion that “the lover is al- Octavo (227 × 137 mm). Original drab paper-backed blue boards, rebacked ways best pleased with the simple garb that fits close to the preserving the original unlettered spine, uncut. Housed in a custom made shape”, the reader has retorted with “and why? The answer is red cloth flat-back box. A few marginal pencil annotations in a neat, con- obvious, and tells against you, Madam”; on page 389 the phrase temporary hand on pp. 293, 295, 389, and 395. Boards soiled and worn at “from early marriages the most salutary physical and moral ef- extremities, rear hinge cracked but firm, contents foxed (mostly first and last gatherings) with some chipping to page edges, else a very good, tall copy. fects naturally flow” has prompted an outraged “Good God!”. A second edition was published the same year, but a planned sec- first edition of the first great feminist treatise. Mary ond volume was never written, not least because Wollstonecraft’s Wollstonecraft (1759–1797) argued in her ground-breaking mani- confidence had been severely shaken by her tumultuous affair with festo that the rights of man and of woman were one and the same Gilbert Imlay. Five years later she met and married William God- thing. Her demand for “justice for one-half of the human race” win and died giving birth to their daughter Mary, future author of was too revolutionary for her time, but she found a following Frankenstein. among radicals and educated women, and succeeded in initiat- ing a new regard for women as an important social force. Woll- Goldsmiths’ 15366; Printing and the Mind of Man 242; Windle A5d. stonecraft preached that intellect would always govern, and she £25,000 [130319]

Peter Harrington 85 mayfair chelsea Peter Harrington Peter Harrington 43 Dover Street 100 Fulham Road London w1s 4ff London sw3 6hs

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86 ABU DHABI PART II – THE WESTERN CANON