Tilburg University "It was kind of safe" Wardani, Abellia Publication date: 2020 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication in Tilburg University Research Portal Citation for published version (APA): Wardani, A. (2020). "It was kind of safe": The Role of the Market in the Everyday Peacebuilding Processes during the Ambon Conflicts. [s.n.]. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 04. okt. 2021 “IT WAS KIND OF SAFE” The Role of the Market in the Everyday Peacebuilding Processes during the Ambon Conflicts ABELLIA ANGGI WARDANI “IT WAS KIND OF SAFE” The Role of the Market in the Everyday Peacebuilding Processes during the Ambon Conflicts PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan Tilburg University op gezag van de rector magnificus, prof. dr. W.B.H.J. van de Donk, in het openbaar te verdedigen ten overstaan van een door het college voor promoties aangewezen commissie in de Portrettenzaal van de Universiteit op dinsdag 24 november 2020 om 16.00 uur door Abellia Anggi Wardani geboren op 12 december 1989 te Ambarawa, Indonesië Promotor: Prof. dr. H.L. Beck Copromotor: Dr. H.G. Siebers Promotiecommissie: Dr. G.J.C. van der Borgh Prof. dr. G.A. van Klinken Prof. dr. W.E.A. van Beek Dr. A. Nugteren Prof. dr. A.P.C. Swanenberg IT WAS KIND OF SAFE The Role of the Market in the Everyday Peacebuilding Processes during the Ambon Conflicts © Abellia Anggi Wardani All rights reserved ABELLIA ANGGI WARDANI Untuk semua yang menambat dan bernaung di pasar. For those who chose to rely their lives on the market, and those who found market as shelter. - vi - ACKNOWLEDGEMENT his dissertation is a summary of long-overdue observations, T (at least) a three-generation legacy, and a tribute to everyone whose heart belongs to the pasar (market). The main theme and theories employed in this dissertation are a bricolage of ideas and concepts that have been stuck in my mind for years. I obtained these ideas consciously through education and training and living my life in a country where we swim among countless impressive cultures, live in a highly diverse population, and draw upon strong local wisdom. I would dedicate this dissertation, first and foremost, to the people of Ambon to whom I am indebted. I cannot count each of those individuals who graciously helped and supported me prior, during, and in the aftermath of the fieldwork period (to ensure it is in line with the periodization of the findings in this dissertation). Next, I would like to extend my gratitude to all my friends who intensively assisted me during data collection, two of my research fellows, and to all friends in Ambon, Gloria Pingak, Fadil Ahmad, Andi Anto, Miranti Wemay, Rony Hutapea, Bang Firman, Bang Nawir, Bang Acep, Bang Andi, Bang Wahid, Bang Zarman, Mbak Sri, Bang Ahmad, Bu Eten and HekaLeka —and all my friends and family at the Mardika market. Thank you to all friends at French Corner, Universitas Pattimur, Bu Alfons, Bram, Rey, Eni, Loli, etc. - vii - ABELLIA ANGGI WARDANI I also want to thank all the traders, who I tagged along with during their busy time selling at the market and who allowed me to observe extensively on a daily basis, and everyone at the Mardika market, Bang Dumen, Ibu Pia, Mama Yeti, etc. Without them, I am truly nothing, and this dissertation would not have been possible. Special thanks to the Mayor and the Vice Mayor of Ambon, Hon. Pak Richard and Hon. Pak Syarief for their valuable support during my stay in Ambon. They made me feel accepted as part of the Ambonese society. I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to all my friends who supported me, including those from my several friend circles in Universitas Indonesia who continuously followed my progress on the dissertation, namely, Desi, Tisha, Nana, Lyn, Diana, Anggun, Wuri, Cecil, Via, Karita, Thia, Riris, Taufik, Roni, and friends from high school, Dinar, Meta, Putri, Happy, Ika, Kiky, Erna, Ratih. To Ranny, Jessy, Yudha for their supports too. My thanks to fellow Indonesian students at Tilburg University. They became my friends and became my family during my stay in the Netherlands. They are Aretha Krishnamurti, Swadika, and Irvan in 2013–2014, Nancy Silalahi, Jecky Tengens, Fadra Heryndra, Daniar Supriyadi, Kevin Haikal, Sean Putra, Afrianto Aiyubi, Lindsay Natalia, Riyad Anwar, and Vicky Andryandra in 2016–2019, and Steffi Darmawan, Bunga Siagian, Arie Eleison in 2018–2019. In addition, I would like to thank all PPI Tilburg members. I would also like to thank friends in Myanmar at the Center for Social Integrity—sayar Aung Kyaw Moe, Kyi Thel Thel Soe, Zaw Min Latt, Htet Aung Linn, Clarisse, sayar Adnan, sayar Thomas, Kyaw Nyein Oo, Than Zaw Linn, Ma Eve, Thurain Soe, Maw Thoe Myar, Kyaw Myint, Khine Khine, Cherry, April, July, Pan Pwint, Hla Toe —and each and everyone in the office. - viii - IT WAS KIND OF SAFE I am grateful that I am surrounded by many intelligent and critical thinkers with whom I had the opportunity to discuss this research and receive advice; Dr. Rasio Ridho Sani, Prof. Dr. Gerry van Klinken inspired me to choose traditional market as my research topic. Furthermore, Dr. Pieter Soegijono, Dr. Maria Tupamahu, Prof. Dr. Tonny D. Pariela, Dr. Tontji Soumokil, Prof. Dr. Jeroen Adam, Dr. Birgit Braeuchler, Prof. Marcus Jozef Pattinama and Rev. Jacky Manuputti gave me the benefit of their insights into peacebuilding in Ambon. I am truly grateful to them all. I extend my thanks to my fellow Ph.D. students at Tilburg University—Pak Budi, Pak Aziz, Pak Furqon, Mbak Ayu, Pak Advan, Mbak Farah, Mas Valen, Claudia Carvalho, Jing Di, Ming Yi, Yudi Liu, Suzanne, Lu Ying, Janieke, and Gosia. I was very fortunate to get to know my colleagues Mbak Shienny Angelita, Kak Terry Silalahi, Elisabeth, Mas Imron Rasyid, Mas Johari, Mas Sopar Peranto, and Pak Hasan Ansori, M. Arif, especially Bu Yustus Pattipawae, Ca Hilda Rolobessy, and Ca Onco, the team of Institut Tifa Damai Maluku (ITDM), and my Ambonese colleagues who patiently introduced Ambon and its situation to us throughout our project. I would like to thank Lembaga Pengelola Dana Keuangan (Indonesia Endowment Fund for Education (LPDP)) of the Indonesian Ministry of Finance for their gracious support in the form of the scholarship. It enabled me to pursue my doctoral degree. During my doctoral studies, I was fortunate to be granted a fellowship and grants by Peace Research Institute (PRIO), Oslo, University of Sydney Southeast Asia Center, Australia, University Center Saint-Ignatius Antwerp, University of Antwerp, and NISIS (Netherlands Interuniversity School of Islamic Studies). - ix - ABELLIA ANGGI WARDANI I also would like to thank my lecturers, and now colleagues, at Universitas Indonesia—(late) Prof. Okke, Ibu Nini, Ibu Tati, Ibu Talha, Ibu Ari, Ibu Ayu, Ibu Riella, Ibu Joesana, Ibu Myrna, Mbak Airin, Pak Danny, Ibu Tresnati, Ibu Irzanti, Prof. Djoko, (late) Pak Tito Wojowasito, Mbak Deka, Jiro, Mellyna, and Kak Ismirani— and all the lecturers in our department. I am deeply indebted to my greatest supporter, my family— Mama Siti Umi Hanik, Papa Sutiyono, Mbak Logaritma Gita Ningtias, Mas Safro, Muhamad Affin Bahtiar, and Muhammad Arayan Nurlafana—who tirelessly support me, pray for my good health, and remind me to eat regularly and stay healthy while finishing this Ph.D. program. To my grandmothers and grandfathers who inspired me to work on the market. My deepest gratitude to my two most supportive supervisors who happened to have been my supervisors for my master’s thesis, Prof. Herman Beck and Dr. Hans Siebers. Our association dates back to almost seven years. I am grateful that you placed faith in me and accepted me as one of your Ph.D. candidates. You encouraged me patiently to proceed with fieldwork when I was full of doubt that my research would ever be useful, let alone contributive. In most of the meetings, I came with all the doubts, asked you the same question tearfully, and again and again: “Do you think I can finish this?” Most of the time, you answered with a question: “Is that even a question? You have come this far and, of course, you will finish the dissertation.” But even if I had to shed tears during the meeting, I always left the room with a new spirit, motivated. You always found a way to convince me that I was making progress, however small or insignificant. The path to Ph.D. has been full of surprises, ups and downs, and everything in between. But had it not been for your faith in me, I would have given up a long time ago. Thank you, Prof. Beck and Dr. Siebers. - x - IT WAS KIND OF SAFE NOTES ON TRANSLATION I translated all sources and interview transcripts written in Indonesian language and Ambon dialects myself, sometimes providing additional explanations in [...] brackets to give additional context and socio-cultural background.