Index

Act of Union (1707) 31, 32, 128, 175 159, 162, 169, 170, 171, 175, 180. See also Addison, Joseph 38, 54 Saxon Aeneas 13 Annius of Viterbo 120, 123–126 Agrippa, Cornelius 178 antiquarianism 13, 21–22, 25, 46, 51–52, 53, Akenside, Mark 34 56, 60, 101, 103, 127, 132, 137, 138, 147, 151, Alaric the Goth 26 152, 162, 163, 175, 178, 179, 183, 188 Alexander the Great 13 antiquity 1–2, 3, 13, 26–27, 29, 33, 35, 37, 44, Alfonso, Bishop of Burgos 14 51, 83, 209–228 Alfred, King 8, 58, 97–115, 145 archaeology 3, 10, 25, 50, 113, 122, 127, 128, as English 109, 115 132, 190, 202, 207, 211–228. See also as Germanic 113 ancient sites as Gothic 97, 98, 104–105, 115 Archangel Michael, St Michael 9, 174–188 as Saxon 97, 98, 103, 105, 106, 110 113, 114, architecture 5, 8, 29, 34–39, 43–46, 87–88, 115 132, 166, 224 as Teutonic 8, 113 Arminius 16, 24 characteristics 102–103, 113 Armorica see Brittany mysticism 108 Arnold, Matthew 6, 23 politics 19, 105, 114–115 Arthur, King 8, 9, 10, 97–115, 128, 134–155, representation 98–115, 138, 145 159, 161, 170, 175, 179, 184, 186, 187, 189, sources 99, 100–101, 105, 106–107, 113 204–207 symbolism 104, 110, 113, 114–115 as British 97, 112, 113 ancestry 3, 7, 13–25, 28, 29, 31, 32, 47, 63, 92, as Celtic 8, 97, 98, 108, 110, 112 119, 120, 122, 123, 125, 128, 132, 133, 138, as English 114 139–140, 148, 162, 171, 174, 175, 178–181, as Saxon 108–109 190–191, 195, 196, 199, 202, 208, 209, 210, as Welsh 112 225 associations 98, 114 ancient knowledge 40–41, 120–121, 129, 130, Camelot 110–111 161, 177–178, 184 characteristics 102–103, 108 ancient sites 9, 10, 29, 35, 36, 48,50–51, 122, mysticism 108 128, 130, 132, 156–173, 175, 184, 186–187 politics 105, 114 Avebury 127, 131, 132, 187 representation 98–115, 134, 159, 161, Castlerigg 158, 159–160, 161–162, 172 175, 179, 184, 187, 189, 204, 205, 206, Hardknott fort 165, 166 207 Long Meg and her Daughters 156–158, romantic 112 171, 172, 173 Round Table 97, 105, 111, 161 Stonehenge 35, 127, 132, 138, 151, 156, 162, sources 99–100, 101, 114 163, 164, 169 symbolism 104, 110, 111, 113–114 Swinside 158, 164, 165–166, 167, 173 Arthurian myth see Arthur, King Wallabarrow crag 165 Ashe, Geoffrey 110, 113 Aneurin 170 Ashmole, Elias 126 Angles 4, 5, 28 Asser 99, 101 Anglesey 122, 168 Asterix the Gaul 2, 20 Anglo-Norman 134 Aubrey, John 127, 128, 131 Anglo-Saxon, Anglo-Saxons 5, 8, 19, 20, 22, Austin, Alfred 109 23, 51, 56, 57, 58, 60–64, 99, 110, 113, St Austin 31 Index 251

Babel 56 Brittany 4, 153, 193–194, 202, 203, 207. See Bailey, Nathan 58 also Bretons Bale, John 123 Brogan, Lady Olwyn 221 barbarians, barbarism 1, 4, 16–17, 23, 27, 29, Brooks, Henry 51 31, 33–34, 39–40, 42, 43, 48, 63, 120, 123, Berougham, Henry 90 124, 125, 162, 164, 165, 170, 198, 210 Brutus 13 bards 34, 36, 49, 120, 122, 123, 125, 138, 140, Buchanan, George 3 141, 142, 143, 159–163, 167, 168–171, 173, Bulliot, Gabriel 211 189, 199, 200, 201, 204 Bulwer-Lytton, Edward 104, 105 Bede, Venerable 4 Burke, Edmund 35, 64, 44, 70, 83–87, 91, Bell, Dr. Andrew 66–96 162 Beowulf 2 Burnet, Gilbert 35 Besant, Walter 99 Busset, Maurice 215 Birch, Thomas 51 von Bismarck, Otto 210 Cabana, Darío Xohán 206 Blair, Robert 34 Cabanillas, Ramon 10, 189, 197, 203–206 Blake, William 182–185, 188 Camden, William 26, 28–31, 53, 57–61, 64, Boadicea, Boudica 2, 22, 125 124–129, 178 Boccaccio, Giovanni 17 Canning, Stratford 106 Bochart, Samuel 21 Caractacus 22, 24 Boece, Hector (Hector Boethius) 48, 121–126 Carew, Thomas 125 Bolingbroke, Lord 6 Carr, J. Comyn 107, 109 Borlase, William 132 Carter, Samuel 196 Boswell, James 61, 64 Cartwright, John 103 Breogán, King 192 Casaubon, Meric 56 Bretons 4, 22, 193, 194, 207. See also Brittany Castro, Rosalía 194 language 4, 22 Catholicism 17–18, 32, 33, 34, 76, 79, 81, 88, Britain see British 89, 119, 120–121, 123, 124, 162, 175, 179, Britons 1, 9, 22, 35, 62, 76, 89, 97, 99, 100, 109, 180, 181, 198 113, 122, 162, 168, 170, 174, 178, 180, Caxton, William 176 192–193 Celtic 5–6, 8, 9, 20, 21, 23, 24, 41, 47, 49, 56, ‘Britonia’ 192–194, 207 62, 63, 65, 94, 97, 108, 110, 112, 113, 119, British 6, 9, 23, 29, 34, 40, 50, 58, 62, 77, 97, 129, 134 , 153, 159, 160, 161, 162, 168, 169, 103, 119, 124–125, 127, 128, 129, 131, 132, 170, 171, 174, 175, 178, 180, 184, 189, 190, 133, 142, 143, 145, 151, 152, 153–154, 167, 191, 192, 195, 196, 198, 199, 200, 202, 203, 174, 176, 178, 179, 180, 182, 183, 185, 187, 204, 207, 208, 224. See also Celts 188, 218. See also Britons associations 1–2, 5, 6, 62, 162 Britain, British Isles 4, 5, 10, 21, 22, 48, 55, Celticism 2–3, 8, 10, 153, 162, 170, 171, 174 58, 70, 90, 91, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 113, commercialisation 5, 6 115, 119, 121, 122, 125, 126, 129, 131, 132, 138, fringe 113 140, 148, 153, 154, 159, 160, 167, 170, 175, identity 21–24, 142, 152, 161, 162, 171, 184, 179, 180, 182, 183, 188, 202 189, 190, 192, 199–201, 204, 206 Empire 106–107, 110, 111, 181 language 1, 3–4, 6, 21, 58, 62, 178–179, 190, identity 6–9, 29, 35, 50, 58, 70, 97, 138, 194, 195 152, 167–168, 171, 174–175, 179–180, origins 3, 5, 7, 9–10, 13, 21–22, 47, 138, 199 182–183 Revival 5, 24, 113, 155, 161, 194, 197 Israelites 174–188 romanticism 9, 23, 24, 134, 158, 198 Union 108 studies 2–3, 10