DOCSLIB.ORG

Eloping H++ Climate Nge Scenarios for Heat Es, Droughts, Floods, Storms and Cold

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Eloping H++ Climate Nge Scenarios for Heat Es, Droughts, Floods, Storms and Cold Developing H++ climate change scenarios for heat waves, droughts, floods, windstorms and cold snaps Adaptation Sub-Committee October 2015 2015-10-20_CCRA2_Project_D_Final_Report_v19 - 1 – © Crown copyright 2008 Authors: Steven Wade, Michael Sanderson, Nicola Golding, Jason Lowe and Richard Betts, Met Office Nick Reynard, Alison Kay, Lisa Stewart and Christel Prudhomme, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH) Len Shaffrey, Ben Lloyd-Hughes and Ben Harvey, University of Reading Internal reviewers: Simon Brown (Met Office); Helen Hanlon (Met Office) This report has been produced by the Met Office, University of Reading and CEH for the Adaptation Sub-Committee and to support the second Climate Change Risk Assessment (CCRA). Acknowledgements A number of colleagues have provided valuable inputs to the early and final drafts including Sarah Johnson (Met Office), Lizzie Kendon (Met Office), Julia Slingo (Met Office), Kathryn Humphrey (ASC) and Manuela di Mauro (ASC). Prof Brian Hoskins (Imperial College London) and Peter von Lany (Ch2M Hill), provided very useful comments as peer reviewers at the draft stage. In addition, members of the Project Steering Group have provided useful inputs throughout the project: Amanda Charles (GO-Science), Claudette Thompson (Cabinet Office), Edward Foale (Cabinet Office), David Ramsbottom (HR Wallingford), Tracey Dunford (Natural Resources Wales), Zhong Zhang (Natural Resources Wales), Paul Dunhill (Welsh Government), Melanie Harrowsmith (Met Office), Helen Balmforth (Health and Safety Laboratory), Ken Wright (DECC), Mike Thompson (Environment Agency), Zebedee Nii-Naate (Defra), Patrick Cowdy (Welsh Government), Ragne Low (Edinburgh University), Helen Reeves (BGS), Simon Sharpe (FCO), Tim Reeder (Environment Agency), Glenn Watts (Environment Agency), Rosalind West (Defra), Kathryn Humphrey (CCC), Manuela DiMauro (CCC), Daniel Johns (CCC) and Steve Smith (CCC). Contents Summary ....................................................................................................................... iii Guidance on the use of H++ scenarios ....................................................................... iv Summary of H++ scenarios ......................................................................................... v Chapter 1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Project background ................................................................................................ 1 1.2 What is the H++ concept? ...................................................................................... 1 1.3 Guidance on using H++ ......................................................................................... 3 1.4 Approach ............................................................................................................... 5 Chapter 2 Heat waves ................................................................................................... 8 2.1 Summary of the High++ Hot Day and Heat Wave Scenarios ................................. 8 2.2 Historical data ........................................................................................................ 9 2.3 UKCP09 ............................................................................................................... 14 2.5 Physical limits ...................................................................................................... 14 2.4 Other evidence .................................................................................................... 15 2.6 H++ scenarios ...................................................................................................... 16 Chapter 3 Low rainfall ................................................................................................. 21 3.1 Summary of the High ++ low rainfall scenarios .................................................... 21 3.2 Historical data and methods ................................................................................. 22 3.3 UKCP09 ............................................................................................................... 31 3.4 Evidence from CMIP5 climate models ................................................................. 33 3.5 Physical limits ...................................................................................................... 38 3.6 Other evidence .................................................................................................... 39 3.7 Summary of H++ scenarios .................................................................................. 40 Chapter 4 Low flows ................................................................................................... 41 4.1 Summary of the H++ low flow scenarios .............................................................. 41 4.2 Historical data and methods ................................................................................. 42 4.3 UKCP09 ............................................................................................................... 50 4.4 Physical limits ...................................................................................................... 50 4.5. Other evidence ................................................................................................... 50 4.6 H++ scenarios ...................................................................................................... 52 Chapter 5 High rainfall ................................................................................................ 54 5.1 Summary of the High ++ high rainfall scenarios ................................................... 54 5.2 Historical observations ......................................................................................... 55 i | P a g e 5.3 UKCP09 ............................................................................................................... 63 5.4 Evidence from CMIP5 and other climate models .................................................. 67 5.5 Physical limits ...................................................................................................... 70 5.6 Other evidence .................................................................................................... 71 5.7 H++ scenarios ...................................................................................................... 72 Chapter 6 High flows ................................................................................................... 75 6.1 Summary of the High ++ ‘high flow’ scenarios ...................................................... 75 6.2 Background ......................................................................................................... 75 6.3 Approach ............................................................................................................. 76 6.4 Physical limits ...................................................................................................... 78 6.5 Review of other evidence ..................................................................................... 78 6.6. H++ scenarios ..................................................................................................... 82 Chapter 7 Windstorms ................................................................................................ 85 7.1 Summary of the H++ windstorm scenario ............................................................ 85 7.2 Historical data ...................................................................................................... 85 7.3 UKCP09 ............................................................................................................... 89 7.4 Evidence from CMIP5 models .............................................................................. 89 7.5 Physical limits ...................................................................................................... 95 7.6 Summary on Windstorms ..................................................................................... 95 Chapter 8 Cold snaps ................................................................................................. 97 8.1 Summary of L-- cold snap and cold winter scenarios ........................................... 97 8.2 Historical data ...................................................................................................... 98 8.3 UKCP09 ............................................................................................................. 106 8.4 Physical limits .................................................................................................... 107 8.5 Other evidence .................................................................................................. 110 8.6 L-- cold scenarios .............................................................................................. 110 Chapter 9 Other hazards, wildfires and combined events ..................................... 114 9.1 Other hazards .................................................................................................... 114 9.2 Systemic risks .................................................................................................... 114 9.3 Wildfires ............................................................................................................. 115 Chapter 10 References ............................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Lynton Site Visit
    Paddlesteamers, Postcards and Holidays Past SITE VISIT – LYNTON The Valley of Rocks Hotel was built in 1807 by Lynton businessman William Litson. It was as elaborately decorative inside as it was outside. Litson had made a fortune through buying Exmoor wool and having it spun locally before selling it to weavers in Barnstaple. By the 1790s, however, the the spinning trade had been mechanised, and it was no longer a profitable enterprise for Litson. Diversifying, he built the Globe Inn as a hotel, and furnished the adjoining cottages for visitors. The Valley of Rocks Hotel followed. Litson's guests included the Marchioness of Bute, and Mr Coutts the banker. It also boasted landscaped gardens with a fine view of the Bristol Channel – the perfect place for Victorian visitors to promenade in the healthy sea air. At the start of the nineteenth century, access to Lynton was not easy. An 1825 Guide to All the Watering and Sea Bathing Places said: "A few years ago this place [Lynton & Lynmouth] was known only as a fishing creek: the roads to it were impassable and the only place of public accommodation was a miserable ale house." HOTEL WARS All that changed when William Sanford of Somerset's Nynehead Court built himself a summer residence at Lynton and set about improving the roads. By 1830, too, the first steamer carrying passengers up and down the Bristol Channel was stopping off at Lynmouth and rowing visitors ashore. Suddenly Lynton and Lynmouth were very fashionable places to visit, and local businessmen were keen to keep it that way.
    [Show full text]
  • Geographies of Ageing and Disaster: Older People’S Experiences of Post- Disaster Recovery in Christchurch, New Zealand
    Geographies of ageing and disaster: older people’s experiences of post- disaster recovery in Christchurch, New Zealand Submitted by Sarah Tupper to the University of Exeter as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Geography In April 2018 This thesis is available for Library use on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. I certify that all material in this thesis which is not my own work has been identified and that no material has previously been submitted and approved for the award of a degree by this or any other University. Signature: ………………………………………………………….. Abstract It was 12:51pm on Tuesday the 22nd of February when a 6.2 magnitude earthquake struck the Canterbury region in New Zealand’s South Island. This earthquake devastatingly took the lives of 185 people and caused widespread damage across Christchurch and the Canterbury region. Since the February earthquake there has been 15,832 quakes in the Canterbury region. The impact of the earthquakes has resulted in ongoing social, material and political change which has shaped how everyday life is experienced. While the Christchurch earthquakes have been investigated in relation to a number of different angles and agendas, to date there has been a notable absence on how older people in Christchurch are experiencing post-disaster recovery. This PhD research attends to this omission and by drawing upon geographical scholarship on disasters and ageing to better understand the everyday experiences of post-disaster recovery for older people. This thesis identifies a lack of geographical attention to the emotional, affective and embodied experience of disaster.
    [Show full text]
  • Coping with the Long Term
    Coping with the Long Term An Empirical Analysis of Time Perspectives, Time Orientations, and Temporal Uncertainty in Forestry Coping with the Long Term An Empirical Analysis of Time Perspectives, Time Orientations, and Temporal Uncertainty in Forestry Marjanke Alberttine Hoogstra Marjanke A. Hoogstra Coping with the Long Term An Empirical Analysis of Time Perspectives, Time Orientations, and Temporal Uncertainty in Forestry Marjanke Alberttine Hoogstra Promotoren: Prof. dr. H. (Heiner) Schanz Hoogleraar Märkte der Wald- und Holzwirtschaft Institut für Forst- und Umweltpolitik Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Duitsland Prof. dr. B.J.M (Bas) Arts Hoogleraar Bos- en Natuurbeleid Leerstoelgroep Bos- en Natuurbeleid Wageningen Universiteit, Nederland Promotiecommissie: Prof. dr. ir. G.M.J. Mohren (Wageningen Universiteit, Nederland) Prof. dr. G. Oesten (Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Duitsland) Dr. M. Pregernig (Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Oostenrijk) Prof. dr. B.J. Thorsen (Københavns Universitet, Denemarken) Dit onderzoek is uitgevoerd binnen Mansholt Graduate School of Social Sciences Coping with the Long Term An Empirical Analysis of Time Perspectives, Time Orientations, and Temporal Uncertainty in Forestry Marjanke Alberttine Hoogstra Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor op gezag van de rector magnificus van Wageningen Universiteit, Prof. dr. M.J. Kropff, in het openbaar te verdedigen op dinsdag 16 december 2008 des middags te half twee in de Aula Hoogstra, M.A. [2008] Coping with the Long Term - An Empirical Analysis of Time Perspectives, Time Orientations, and Temporal Uncertainty in Forestry. PhD thesis Forest and Nature Conservation Policy Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands. With references - with summary in Dutch and in English. ISBN 978-90-8585-242-1 The Road goes ever on and on Down from the door where it began.
    [Show full text]
  • The Poleward Motion of Extratropical Cyclones from a Potential Vorticity Tendency Analysis
    APRIL 2016 T A M A R I N A N D K A S P I 1687 The Poleward Motion of Extratropical Cyclones from a Potential Vorticity Tendency Analysis TALIA TAMARIN AND YOHAI KASPI Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Sciences, Rehovot, Israel (Manuscript received 22 June 2015, in final form 26 October 2015) ABSTRACT The poleward propagation of midlatitude storms is studied using a potential vorticity (PV) tendency analysis of cyclone-tracking composites, in an idealized zonally symmetric moist GCM. A detailed PV budget reveals the important role of the upper-level PV and diabatic heating associated with latent heat release. During the growth stage, the classic picture of baroclinic instability emerges, with an upper-level PV to the west of a low-level PV associated with the cyclone. This configuration not only promotes intensification, but also a poleward tendency that results from the nonlinear advection of the low-level anomaly by the upper- level PV. The separate contributions of the upper- and lower-level PV as well as the surface temperature anomaly are analyzed using a piecewise PV inversion, which shows the importance of the upper-level PV anomaly in advecting the cyclone poleward. The PV analysis also emphasizes the crucial role played by latent heat release in the poleward motion of the cyclone. The latent heat release tends to maximize on the northeastern side of cyclones, where the warm and moist air ascends. A positive PV tendency results at lower levels, propagating the anomaly eastward and poleward. It is also shown here that stronger cyclones have stronger latent heat release and poleward advection, hence, larger poleward propagation.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Bulletin on the Climate in WMO Region VI 2012 5
    Annual Bulletin on the Climate in WMO Region VI - Europe and Middle East - 2012 This Bulletin is a cooperation of the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services in WMO RA VI ISSN: 1438 - 7522 Internet version: http://www.rccra6.org/rcccm Final version issued: 19.05.2014 Editor: Deutscher Wetterdienst P.O.Box 10 04 65, D-63004 Offenbach am Main, Germany Phone: +49 69 8062 2931 Fax: +49 69 8062 3759 E-mail: [email protected] Responsible: Helga Nitsche E-mail: [email protected] Acknowledgements: We thank F. Desiato (ISPRA) and V. Pavan (ARPA) for providing the Italian time series of temperature and precipitation and P. Löwe (BSH) for the ranking of North Sea temperatures. We also thank V. Cabrinha (IPMA), J. Cappelen (DMI) and C. Viel (MeteoFrance) for review contributions. The Bulletin is a summary of contributions from the following National Meteorological and Hydrological Services and was co-ordinated by the Deutscher Wetterdienst, Germany Armenia Austria Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Cyprus Czech Republi Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Iceland Israel Italy Kazakhstan Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Moldova Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Contents Introduction and references Annual and seasonal survey Outstanding events and anomalies Annual Survey Atmospheric Circulation Temperature, precipitation and sunshine Annual Maps Monthly and Annual Tables Seasonal and Annual Areal Means of Temperature Anomalies Annual extreme values Drought Snow cover Temporal evolution of climate elements Socio-economic Impacts of Extreme Climate or Weather Events Seasonal Survey Winter Spring Summer Autumn Monthly Survey Annual Bulletin on the Climate in WMO Region VI 2012 5 Introduction The Annual Bulletin on the Climate in WMO Region VI (Europe and Middle East) provides an overview of climate characteristics and phenomena in Europe and the Middle East for the preceding year.
    [Show full text]
  • The Social Life of Climate Change Models Routledge Studies in Anthropology
    The Social Life of Climate Change Models Routledge Studies in Anthropology 1 Student Mobility and Narrative 8 The Social Life of Climate in Europe Change Models The New Strangers Anticipating Nature Elizabeth Murphy-Lejeune Edited by Kirsten Hastrup and Martin Skrydstrup 2 The Question of the Gift Essays across Disciplines Edited by Mark Osteen 3 Decolonising Indigenous Rights Edited by Adolfo de Oliveira 4 Traveling Spirits Migrants, Markets and Mobilities Edited by Gertrud Hüwelmeier and Kristine Krause 5 Anthropologists, Indigenous Scholars and the Research Endeavour Seeking Bridges Towards Mutual Respect Edited by Joy Hendry and Laara Fitznor 6 Confronting Capital Critique and Engagement in Anthropology Edited by Pauline Gardiner Barber, Belinda Leach and Winnie Lem 7 Adolescent Identity Evolutionary, Cultural and Developmental Perspectives Edited by Bonnie L. Hewlett The Social Life of Climate Change Models Anticipating Nature Edited by Kirsten Hastrup and Martin Skrydstrup NEW YORK LONDON First published 2013 by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Simultaneously published in the UK by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2013 Taylor & Francis The right of Kirsten Hastrup and Martin Skrydstrup to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Weather Data for Climate Risk Assessment
    Historical Weather Data for Climate Risk Assessment Stefan Brönnimann1,2,*, Olivia Martius1,2,3, Christian Rohr1,4, David N. Bresch5,6 Kuan-Hui Elaine Lin7 1 Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Switzerland 2 Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Switzerland 3 Mobiliar Lab for Natural Risks, University of Bern, Switzerland 4 Institute of History, University of Bern, Switzerland 5 Institute for Environmental Decisions, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 22, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland 6 Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Operation Center 1, P.O. Box 257, 8058 Zurich-Airport, Switzerland 7 Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan Revised submission to Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences * corresponding author: Stefan Brönnimann Institute of Geography, University of Bern Hallerstr. 12 CH-3012 Bern Switzerland [email protected] Short title: Historical Weather Data for Climate Risk Assessment Keywords: extreme events, climate risk, climate data, historical data | downloaded: 26.9.2021 Abstract. Weather and climate-related hazards are responsible for large monetary losses, material damages and societal consequences. Quantifying related risks is therefore an important societal task, particularly in view of future climate change. The past record of events plays a key role in this context. Historically, it was the only source of information and was maintained and passed on within cultures of memory. Today, new numerical techniques can again make use of historical weather data to simulate impacts quantitatively. In this paper we outline how historical environmental data can be used today in climate risk assessment by (i) developing and validating numerical model chains, (ii) providing a large statistical sample which can be directly exploited to estimate hazards and to model present risks, and (iii) establishing „worst-case“ events which are relevant references in the present or future.
    [Show full text]
  • Ex-Hurricane Ophelia 16 October 2017
    Ex-Hurricane Ophelia 16 October 2017 On 16 October 2017 ex-hurricane Ophelia brought very strong winds to western parts of the UK and Ireland. This date fell on the exact 30th anniversary of the Great Storm of 16 October 1987. Ex-hurricane Ophelia (named by the US National Hurricane Center) was the second storm of the 2017-2018 winter season, following Storm Aileen on 12 to 13 September. The strongest winds were around Irish Sea coasts, particularly west Wales, with gusts of 60 to 70 Kt or higher in exposed coastal locations. Impacts The most severe impacts were across the Republic of Ireland, where three people died from falling trees (still mostly in full leaf at this time of year). There was also significant disruption across western parts of the UK, with power cuts affecting thousands of homes and businesses in Wales and Northern Ireland, and damage reported to a stadium roof in Barrow, Cumbria. Flights from Manchester and Edinburgh to the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland were cancelled, and in Wales some roads and railway lines were closed. Ferry services between Wales and Ireland were also disrupted. Storm Ophelia brought heavy rain and very mild temperatures caused by a southerly airflow drawing air from the Iberian Peninsula. Weather data Ex-hurricane Ophelia moved on a northerly track to the west of Spain and then north along the west coast of Ireland, before sweeping north-eastwards across Scotland. The sequence of analysis charts from 12 UTC 15 to 12 UTC 17 October shows Ophelia approaching and tracking across Ireland and Scotland.
    [Show full text]
  • EGU2014-6135, 2014 EGU General Assembly 2014 © Author(S) 2014
    Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 16, EGU2014-6135, 2014 EGU General Assembly 2014 © Author(s) 2014. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Dynamic aspects of windstorm Kyrill (January 2007) Patrick Ludwig (1), Joaquim G. Pinto (1,2), Simona A. Hoepp (1), Andreas H. Fink (3), and Suzanne L. Gray (2) (1) Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany ([email protected]), (2) Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom, (3) Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany Several dynamical and mesoscale aspects concerning severe windstorm Kyrill (January 2007) are analysed by results of high-resolution simulations with the regional climate model (RCM) COSMO-CLM. After explosive cyclogenesis south of Greenland takes place while crossing a very intense upper-level jet stream, Kyrill underwent secondary cyclogenesis over the North Atlantic Ocean just west of the British Isles. The secondary cyclogenesis (Kyrill II), was located on the occlusion front of the mature cyclone (Kyrill I), which is very unusual compared to typical frontal cyclogenesis generally occurring along the trailing cold fronts of existing cyclones. The mechanisms of secondary cyclogenesis are investigated based on moderate-resolution (0.0625◦ grid spacing) RCM simulations. The formation of Kyrill II along the occlusion front follows common mechanism for secondary cyclogenesis like breaking up of a local, low tropospheric PV strip along the front and diabatic heating with associated development of a vertical extended PV tower. Kyrill II propagated further towards Europe, and its development was favoured by a split jet structure aloft the surface cyclone, which maintained the deep core pressure (around 961 - 965 hPa) for at least 36 hours.
    [Show full text]
  • Extreme Weather Events and Property Values Assessing New Investment Frameworks for the Decades Ahead
    Extreme weather events and property values Assessing new investment frameworks for the decades ahead A ULI Europe Policy & Practice Committee Report Author: Professor Sven Bienert Visiting Fellow, ULI Europe About ULI The mission of the Urban Land Institute is to provide leadership in the responsible use of land and in creating and sustaining thriving communities worldwide. ULI is committed to: • Bringing together leaders from across the fields of real estate and land use policy to exchange best practices and serve community needs; • Fostering collaboration within and beyond ULI’s membership through mentoring, dialogue, and problem solving; • Exploring issues of urbanisation, conservation, regeneration, land use, capital for mation, and sustainable development; • Advancing land use policies and design practices that respect the uniqueness of both the built and natural environment; • Sharing knowledge through education, applied research, publishing, and electronic media; and • Sustaining a diverse global network of local practice and advisory efforts that address current and future challenges. Established in 1936, the Institute today has more than 30,000 members worldwide, repre senting the entire spectrum of the land use and development disciplines. ULI relies heavily on the experience of its members. It is through member involvement and information resources that ULI has been able to set standards of excellence in devel opment practice. The Institute has long been recognised as one of the world’s most respected and widely quoted sources of objective information on urban planning, growth, and development. To download information on ULI reports, events and activities please visit www.uli-europe.org About the Author Credits Sven Bienert is professor of sustainable real estate at the Author University of Regensburg and ULI Europe’s Visiting Fellow Professor Sven Bienert on sustainability.
    [Show full text]
  • The Life Cycle of Upper-Level Troughs and Ridges: a Novel Detection Method, Climatologies and Lagrangian Characteristics
    Weather Clim. Dynam., 1, 459–479, 2020 https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-1-459-2020 © Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. The life cycle of upper-level troughs and ridges: a novel detection method, climatologies and Lagrangian characteristics Sebastian Schemm, Stefan Rüdisühli, and Michael Sprenger Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Correspondence: Sebastian Schemm ([email protected]) Received: 12 March 2020 – Discussion started: 3 April 2020 Revised: 4 August 2020 – Accepted: 26 August 2020 – Published: 10 September 2020 Abstract. A novel method is introduced to identify and track diagnostics such as E vectors. During La Niña, the situa- the life cycle of upper-level troughs and ridges. The aim is tion is essentially reversed. The orientation of troughs and to close the existing gap between methods that detect the ridges also depends on the jet position. For example, dur- initiation phase of upper-level Rossby wave development ing midwinter over the Pacific, when the subtropical jet is and methods that detect Rossby wave breaking and decay- strongest and located farthest equatorward, cyclonically ori- ing waves. The presented method quantifies the horizontal ented troughs and ridges dominate the climatology. Finally, trough and ridge orientation and identifies the correspond- the identified troughs and ridges are used as starting points ing trough and ridge axes. These allow us to study the dy- for 24 h backward parcel trajectories, and a discussion of the namics of pre- and post-trough–ridge regions separately. The distribution of pressure, potential temperature and potential method is based on the curvature of the geopotential height vorticity changes along the trajectories is provided to give in- at a given isobaric surface and is computationally efficient.
    [Show full text]
  • Tradition Biloxi, Mississippi
    A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PANEL REPORT Tradition Bi lo xi, Mississi ppi Urban L an d $ Ins ti tute Tradition Biloxi, Mississippi Developing a Sustainable Master-Planned Community January 13 –18, 2008 A Sustainable Development Panel Report ULI–the Urban Land Institute 1025 Thomas Jefferson Street, N.W. Suite 500 West Washington, D.C. 20007-5201 About ULI–the Urban Land Institute he mission of the Urban Land Institute is to • Sustaining a diverse global network of local provide leadership in the responsible use of practice and advisory efforts that address cur - land and in creating and sustaining thriving rent and future challenges. T communities worldwide. ULI is committed to Established in 1936, the Institute today has more • Bringing together leaders from across the fields than 40,000 members worldwide, represent ing t he of real estate and land use policy to exchange entire spectrum of the land use and develop ment best practices and serve community needs; disciplines. Professionals represented include de - velopers, builders, property owners, investors, ar - • Fostering collaboration within and beyond chitects, public officials, planners, real estate bro - ULI’s membership through mentoring, dia - kers, appraisers, attorneys, engineers, financiers , logue, and problem solving; academics, students, and librarians. ULI relies • Exploring issues of urbanization, conservation, heavily on the experience of its members. It is regeneration, land use, capital formation, and through member involvement and information sustainable development; resources that ULI has been able to set standards of excellence in development practice. The Insti - • Advancing land use policies and design prac - tute has long been recognized as one of the world’s tices that respect the uniqueness of both built most respected and widely quoted sources of ob - and natural environments; jective information on urban planning, growth, and development.
    [Show full text]