Recepcija Neoficijelne Češke Književnosti U Hrvatskoj Od 1968
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Recepcija neoficijelne češke književnosti u Hrvatskoj od 1968. do 1990. Roštaš, Helena Doctoral thesis / Disertacija 2020 Degree Grantor / Ustanova koja je dodijelila akademski / stručni stupanj: University of Zagreb, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences / Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Filozofski fakultet https://doi.org/10.17234/diss.2020.7814 Permanent link / Trajna poveznica: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:131:839727 Rights / Prava: In copyright Download date / Datum preuzimanja: 2021-10-05 Repository / Repozitorij: ODRAZ - open repository of the University of Zagreb Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Filozofski fakultet Helena Roštaš RECEPCIJA NEOFICIJELNE ČEŠKE KNJIŽEVNOSTI U HRVATSKOJ OD 1968. DO 1990. DOKTORSKI RAD Zagreb, 2020. Filozofski fakultet Helena Roštaš RECEPCIJA NEOFICIJELNE ČEŠKE KNJIŽEVNOSTI U HRVATSKOJ OD 1968. DO 1990. DOKTORSKI RAD Mentorica: dr. sc. Katica Ivanković, red. prof. Zagreb, 2020. Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Helena Roštaš THE RECEPTION OF THE CZECH UNOFFICIAL LITERATURE IN CROATIA FROM 1968 TO 1990 DOCTORAL THESIS Supervisor: Katica Ivanković, PhD Zagreb, 2020. ŽIVOTOPIS MENTORICE Dr. sc. Katica Ivanković, red. prof., rođena je 1961. u Banjaluci. Na Filozofskom fakultetu u Zagrebu diplomirala je 1984. na studiju komparativne književnosti i češkoga jezika i književnosti, a 1987. postala je asistentica za češku književnost na Odsjeku za slavistiku Filozofskoga fakulteta u Zagrebu. Akademsku godinu 1988./89. provela je na studijskom boravku u Pragu. U Češkoj je radila kao lektorica hrvatskoga jezika i književnosti na Masarykovu sveučilištu u Brnu u ak. godinama 1993./94. i 1994./95., a potom u ljetnom semestru 1996. i u ak. godini 1996./97. na Karlovu sveučilištu u Pragu. Na Filozofskom fakultetu u Zagrebu magistrirala je 1996. godine, a doktorirala 2001. U zvanje docenta izabrana je 2003. U razdoblju od 2003. do 2008. bila je predstojnica Katedre za češki jezik i književnost, a od 2005. do 2007. obavljala je dužnost pročelnice Odsjeka za zapadnoslavenske jezike i književnosti. Ponovo je izabrana za predstojnicu Katedre za češki jezik i književnost 2013. U znanstveno nastavno zvanje izvanrednog profesora izabrana je 2009., a u zvanje redovitog profesora 2014. Na studiju češkog jezika i književnosti nositeljica je svih kolegija iz češke književnosti i kulture, a sama izvodi šest kolegija na preddiplomskom i diplomskom studiju. Sudjelovala je u znanstvenom projektu voditeljice dr. sc. Dubravke Dorotić Sesar, red. prof., Istraživanje zapadnoslavenskih jezika 130717(1996.–2002.). Sama je od 2006. do 2014. bila voditeljica znanstvenog projekta Kanoni i stereotipi. Zapadnoslavenske književnosti iz hrvatske perspektive (130-1301070-1053), u koji je bilo uključeno još šest suradnika s Odsjeka za zapadnoslavenske jezike i književnosti. SAŽETAK NA HRVATSKOME JEZIKU U središtu je istraživanja recepcija češke neoficijelne književnosti među čitateljima u Hrvatskoj u razdoblju od praškoga proljeća i vojne intervencije zemalja Varšavskoga ugovora u Čehoslovačkoj u kolovozu 1968. do pada komunizma u srednjoj i istočnoj Europi na prijelomu osamdesetih i devedesetih godina 20. stoljeća te mogući utjecaj tog dijela češke književnosti na hrvatsku književnost istoga razdoblja. Disertacija pokazuje u kojoj su mjeri fikcionalna i nefikcionalna djela češke samizdatske i emigrantske književne scene u analiziranome razdoblju bila dostupna čitateljima u Hrvatskoj, na koji su način bila prihvaćena među njima, je li tijekom toga razdoblju dolazilo do promjena u recepciji te u kojem su se smjeru te promjene kretale. Istraživanje obuhvaća i analizu prisutnosti drama čeških neoficijelnih dramatičara na repertoarima kazališta diljem Hrvatske, kritičku recepciju djela češke samizdatske i emigrantske produkcije, njihovu recepciju u hrvatskoj znanosti o književnosti te utjecaj toga korpusa na hrvatsku književnost postmodernizma. Recepcija češke samizdatske i emigrantske književnosti u hrvatskoj je kulturi nedovoljno istražena. Vjerujemo da disertacija upotpunjuje spoznaje o hrvatsko-češkim književnim i kulturnim vezama u drugoj polovici 20. stoljeća. ključne riječi: češka književnost, neoficijelna književnost, samizdatska književnost, egzilna književnost, cenzura, recepcija, hrvatska kultura, Hrvatska, Jugoslavija, 20. stoljeće SUMMARY The period of normalization in Czechoslovakia started after the military intervention of the Warsaw Pact countries in August 1968. The military intervention was the response of the official regimes of the Eastern Bloc countries to the reform movements that developed in the Czechoslovak Communist Party and, later, during the 1960s, in the whole Czechoslovak society. A consequence of the breakdown of reform movements was a ban of public action on all persons who participated in the reform movement. Censorship served as one of the strongest tools for shaping the society in Czechoslovakia after 1968 and expelling influential intellectuals from the public. At the beginning of the 1970s, Czech literature was divided into official, unofficial and, so-called, gray zone. The official part of Czech literature belonged to the writers who continued to publish their works in the state publishing houses. Unofficial writers published in samizdat and emigration, and their plays were performed in the theaters abroad. The grey scene was composed of authors working in both fields, depending on the changing circumstances and their propensity to compromise. Although the socio-political circumstances hindered the development of Czech culture, art and literature during the period of normalization – they were constantly controlled by the official regime through censorship measures – one of the most difficult periods of Czech history developed one of the brightest periods of Czech art. The literature of that time was gaining enormous attention from the public outside of the country, led by the names of Milan Kundera, one of the most popular writers in Europe in the 1980s, and a dissident and playwright Václav Havel. The research concentrates on the reception of the Czech unofficial literature by readers in Croatia between the Prague Spring and military intervention of the Warsaw Pact countries in Czechoslovakia in August 1968 and the fall of communism in Central and Eastern Europe at the end of the eighties and the beginning of the nineties. The research includes a possible impact of the unofficial Czech literature on Croatian literature of the same period. The dissertation demonstrates the extent to which fictional and non-fictional works of Czech samizdat and emigrant literature scene in the analyzed period was available to readers in Croatia, the way in which it was accepted among readers, whether there was a change in reception during that period, and what the direction of that change was. The research shows that the reception of the unofficial Czech literature is realized in all three manifestations according to the classification of Manfred Schmeling – the passive, the reproductive and the productive one. The thesis complements the knowledge on the Croatian-Czech literary and cultural connections in the second half of the 20th century. The bibliography of the translations included in this analysis has been compiled according to the library databases of two libraries: Nacionalna i sveučilišna knjižnica (Zagreb, Republic of Croatia) and Národní knihovna České Republiky (Prague, Czech Republic), supplemented by the exile issues of the digital exile library database Libri Prohibiti. Also, research involves the analysis of the reception of Czech unofficial literature in periodicals and magazines Republika, 15 dana, Dubrovnik, Pitanja, Revija, Rival, Vjesnik u srijedu, Vidik, Forum, Gordogan, Quorum, Oko, Polet, Književna smotra, Prolog, Novi prolog, Danas, and daily newspapers Večernji list and Vjesnik. In the introductory part of the research, four hypotheses were put forward, and, ultimately, confirmed: - the works of the unofficial Czech literature in the analyzed period were well received by readers in Croatia - readers in Croatia haf more access to works by writers who worked in exile than to those who self-published in Czechoslovakia - Croatian publishers, by publishing works of the unofficial Czech literature, primarily listened to market demands of the 1980s - towards the end of the 1980s, there was a change in the intensity of reception in the fields of publishing and theatre, and in the critical reception due to a new constellation of socio- political relations in Yugoslavia and Croatia. During the twenty years of normalization in Czechoslovakia, publishing houses in Yugoslavia continuously published Czech exile and samizdat literary works. The intensification of the publishing activity was noticeable during the 1980s, especially from 1984 to 1988 when, in just four years, 56% of all books were published. In the whole period of normalization, 81% of all published books in Yugoslavia belong to exile production of the Czech unofficial scene. Due to a unique market and the country they shared, Croatian readers are strongly focused on the editions published by Belgrade and Sarajevo publishers. The translations of Czech unofficial authors were also published in Ljubljana and Skopje. However, due to a language barrier, readers in Croatia were not introduced to these publications. The largest and most reputable Yugoslav publishers published the translations of Czech unofficial authors in their market-leading editions. The most translated and published texts among readers in