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Josip Juraj Strossmayer: Un Vescovo Dei Balcani, Interprete Del Pensiero Dei Confini

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Josip Juraj Strossmayer: Un Vescovo Dei Balcani, Interprete Del Pensiero Dei Confini Scuola Dottorale di Ateneo in Lingue culture e società Graduate School Modern Languages, Cultures and Societies Dottorato di ricerca in Studi dell'Europa orientale Ciclo XXIV Anno di discussione 2013 JOSIP JURAJ STROSSMAYER: UN VESCOVO DEI BALCANI, INTERPRETE DEL PENSIERO DEI CONFINI SETTORE SCIENTIFICO DISCIPLINARE DI AFFERENZA: M-STO/03 Tesi di Dottorato di Fabian Fonovic, matricola 955600 Coordinatore del Dottorato Tutore del Dottorando Prof. Enrica Villari Prof. Aleksander Naumow Indice PRIMA PARTE...............................................................................................2 JOSIP JURAJ STROSSMAYER (1815-1905): VITA E OPERE..............3 1.1 Cenni biografici...............................................................................3 1.2 Strossmayer Vescovo (1850-1905)..................................................8 1.3 Strossmayer e il papato.................................................................29 STROSSMAYER AL CONCILIO VATICANO (1869-1870).................38 2.1 Preparazione al Concilio: l'infallibilità papale come problema ..41 2.2 Primo discorso di Strossmayer: 30 dicembre 1869.......................60 2.3 Il Comitato Internazionale.............................................................67 2.4 II secondo discorso di Strossmayer: 24 gennaio 1870..................68 2.5 Il terzo discorso di Strossmayer: 07 febbraio 1870.......................73 2.6 La discussione sul nuovo regolamento del Concilio.....................82 2.7 Strossmayer e il dogma dell'infallibilità papale............................87 2.8 Il quarto discorso di Strossmayer: 22 marzo 1870......................101 2.9 Risvolti finali...............................................................................112 2.10 Il quinto discorso di Strossmayer: due giugno 1870.................118 2.11 Verso il Dogma..........................................................................123 STROSSMAYER E ROMA ..................................................................141 3.1. Il dopo Concilio: la resistenza di Strossmayer ..........................141 3.2 Il difficile compromesso..............................................................153 3.3 Strossmayer-Vaticano: nuovo corso............................................165 3.4 Problema storiografico................................................................170 SECONDA PARTE ....................................................................................181 JUGOSLAVISMO: STORIA DI UN'IDEA ..........................................182 4.2 Genesi di un'idea.........................................................................191 4.3 Illirismo-jugoslavismo-croatocentrismo: problemi ermeneutici.195 4.4 Stossmayer – Starčević: sintonie o antinomie?...........................203 4.5 Slavismo e Jugoslavia (e)............................................................211 STROSSMAYER SULLE ORME DI METODIO.....................................215 5.1 Cenni storici ...............................................................................222 5.2 Strossmayer il mediatore ............................................................224 BIBLIOGRAFIA........................................................................................229 PRIMA PARTE La prima parte del lavoro è divisa in tre capitoli. Nel primo viene delineata la biografia di Josip Juraj Strossmayer, seguendo diverse direttrici: le sue opere e la sua attività ecclesiastica e politica. Nel secondo capitolo oggetto di studio è la partecipazione di Strossmayer al Concilio Vaticano I (1869- 1870), mentre infine nel terzo capitolo vengono studiate le ricadute post conciliari su Strossmayer, nella sua veste di Vescovo della diocesi di Đakovo. JOSIP JURAJ STROSSMAYER (1815-1905): VITA E OPERE Un tipo di socialista slavo fatto prete […] uomo d'ingegno più vivace che maturo […] un rivoluzionario più che un uomo politico, più croato che vescovo, più slavo che cristiano.1 1.1 Cenni biografici2 Josip Juraj Strossmayer, di discendenza austriaca per parte 1 E' la descrizione che di Josip Juraj Strossmayer diede il marchese Alessando Guiccioli (1843-1922), politico italiano, membro del Governo Regio ed esponente di rillievo della “Destra Storica”. Guiccioli aveva avuto modo di conoscere Strossmayer nel giugno del 1877 a Roma, Nuove pagine del diario di Alessandro Guiccioli, a cura di Annibale Alberti, “Nuova Antologia”, 1935, p. 213; Alessandro Guiccioli, Diario di un conservatore, Milano, Edizioni del Borghese, 1973. Cfr. anche ROSARIO FRANCESCO ESPOSITO, Leone XIII e l'Oriente cristiano, ed. Paoline, Roma 1961, p. 187, n. 265. Su Guiccioli vedi MARIO CASELLA, Il marchese Alessandro Guiccioli, parlamentare, prefetto e diplomatico dell'Italia postunitaria, in Archivio Storico Italiano, 1994/560. 2 Non esiste ancora una vera monografia e uno studio all'altezza della figura storica di Strossmayer, cfr. EGIDIO IVETIĆ, Jugoslavia sognata. Lo jugoslavismo delle origini, Ed. F. Angeli, Milano 2012, p. 115. Per la letteratura aggiornata su Strossmayer cfr. ANTUN ČEČATKA, Viđenje Crkve J.J. Strossmayera (1815-1905), Gradska tiskara Osijek, Đakovo 2001; HODIMIR SIROTKOVIĆ, Život i djelo Đakovačkog biskupa Josipa Jurja Strossmayera, pp. 25-33, Međunarodni Znanstveni skup: povodom 190.obljetnice rođenja i 100. obljetnice smrti Josip Juraj Strossmayer, HAZU, Zagreb 2006. Studi e articoli su Strossmayer non in lingua slava: ANDRIAN FORTESCUE, « A Slav Bishop: J. George Strossmayer », The Dublin Review, 164 (1918), 234-257; BEN HURST, « The Founder of Modern Croatia », The Catholic World, New York, vol. 81 (1905), 773-789; N. LALIĆ, « Les idées de Strossmayer », Le Monde Slave, n. S. 6, IV, 1929; LOUIS LEGER, « L'Eveque Strossmayer », La Nouvelle Reveu, 215-224, Paris 1908; CHARLES LOISEAU, « La politique de Strossmayer », Le monde slave, 6 (1927); IDEM, « Strossmayer, son époque et son oeuvre », Le monde slave, 16 (1937); ANTE KADIĆ, « Vladimir Soloviev and Bishop Strossmayer », The American Slavic and East European Review, vol. 20 (1961), 163-188; RITA TOLOMEO, Il vescovo J. J. Strossmayer ed i problemi religiosi e nazionali dell'Europa orientale, dissertazione dottorale, Università degli Studi di Roma, Facoltà di Lettere, Roma, 1972; IDEM, Korespondencija J. J. Strossmayer – C. Tondini, KS, Zagreb 1984. paterna,3 nacque il 4 febbraio 1815 nella città di Osijek nella regione croata dell'impero asburgico. Dopo aver frequentato a Osijek il Ginnasio presso i Francescani dal 1825-1831 ed essendosi mostrato essere uno studente “eccellente”,4 già nel 1831 viene ammesso al seminario vescovile maggiore di Đakovo. Qui studia filosofia per due anni e per la prima volta entra in contatto con l'idea del “rinascimento illirico”.5 Continua poi la sua formazione nella capitale ungherese di Budapest fino al 1837 per completare il dottorato in filosofia sulla questione dell'unità delle chiese. In questi anni conosce lo studioso e umanista e poi anche pastore luterano Ján Kollár, ideologo del “panslavismo”,6 e mediante lui entra anche in contatto con le opere di Pavel Jozef Šafárik.7 Terminati gli studi in filosofia Strossmayer rientra a Đakovo per ricevere, anche se non immediatamente a causa della sua “cagionevole salute”,8 3 Il nonno paterno Paul Str-a-ssmayer di Linz si stabilì nella città croata tra il 1745 e 1750 per compiere il servizio militare. A causa della scorretta pronuncia del cognome nel nuovo territorio di residenza il cognome ha subito la variazione nel tempo lasciando la “a” per la “o”, cfr. ANTUN ČEČATKA, Viđenje Crkve J.J. Strossmayera (1815-1905), p. 8; FERDO ŠIŠIĆ, Josip Juraj Strossmayer, dokumenti i korispondencija, I, JAZU, Zagreb, 1933, p. 451. 4 F. ŠIŠIĆ, Josip Juraj Strossmayer, dokumenti i korispondencija, p. 4. Vedi anche JULIJO MARTINČIĆ-VILIM MATIĆ, Strossmayer i Osijek u doba njegova rođenja i školovanja, pp. 295-310, Međunarodni Znanstveni skup: povodom 190.obljetnice rođenja i 100. obljetnice smrti Josip Juraj Strossmayer, HAZU, Zagreb 2006. 5 A. ČEČATKA, Viđenje Crkve J.J. Strossmayera (1815-1905), ibidem. Sul movimento illirico vedi lo studio di NIKŠA STANČIĆ, Hrvatski narodni preporod (1798-1840), in HL, II, Zagreb, Školska knjiga Stvarnost, 1985. Infra II parte. In questi due anni di permanenza presso il seminario diocesano maggiore fece amicizia con Mato Topalović di Slavonski Brod, prete, scrittore, professore, e Juraj Tordinac, entrambi esponenti di spicco del nascente movimento nazionale croato. 6 MATIJA PAVIĆ, MILKO CEPELIĆ, Josip Juraj Strossmayer biskup bosansko-đakovački i srijemski, God. 1850-1900, Tisak dioničke tiskare, Zagreb, 1900 - 1904. Ed.rist., Đakovo, 1994, p. 30; TADE SMIČIKLAS, Nacrt života i djela biskupa J.J.Strossmayera i izabrani njegovi spisi: govori, rasprave i okružnice, JAZU, Tisak Dioničke tiskare, Zagreb, 1906, p. 4. Dello stesso autore, Ideje i djela Biskupa Strossmayera, in Rad Jugoslavenske Akademije znanosti i umjetnosti, Zagreb, LXXXIX (1888), pp. 210-224. 7 Ján Kollár (1793 – 1852) nasce a Mošovce in Slovacchia. Scrittore, archeologo, scienziato e politico. E' stato l'autore del primo poema “panslavista” intitolato “La figlia di Slava” (1824), cfr. MIROSLAV J. HANAK – NADEŽDA ANDREEVA-POPOVA, Folklore and Romantic Drama, in “Romantic Drama”, a cura di GERARD GILLESPIE, John Benjamins Publishing Company, Amsterdam/Philadelphia, 1993, pp. 115-139. Assieme a Šafárik (1795 – 1861) fu il principale ideologo del “panslavismo”, cfr. EUGEN STEINER, The Slovak Dilemma, Cambridge University Press, 1973, p.8. Infra IV capitolo. 8 F. ŠIŠIĆ, Josip Juraj Strossmayer, p.
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