Josip Juraj Strossmayer Danas, Radovi Zavoda Za Znanstveni Rad HAZU VaražDin Br

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Josip Juraj Strossmayer Danas, Radovi Zavoda Za Znanstveni Rad HAZU VaražDin Br Strèiæ P.: Josip Juraj Strossmayer danas, Radovi Zavoda za znanstveni rad HAZU Varadin br. 16 17, 2006., str. 103 139 RADOVI UDK: 262.12 Strossmayer, J.J. (497.5) Zavoda za znanstveni rad Izvorni znanstveni èlanak HAZU Varadin Original Scientific Paper Akademik Petar STRÈIÆ* Zagreb JOSIP JURAJ STROSSMAYER DANAS JOSIP JURAJ STROSSMAYER TODAY U 2005. god. ulazi 190. godinjica roðenja te 100. obljetnica smrti dr. Josipa Jurja Strossmayera (1815-1905), bosansko-ðakovaèko i srijem- skoga biskupa te apostolskoga vikara za Srbiju. Tada se opet znanstveno i struèno revalorizirao njegov plodan ivotni put i veoma bogato, vie- slojno djelo i batina na vie podruèja - nacionalnome, rodoljubnom, crkvenom, politièkom, kulturnom, obrazovnom, gospodarskom itd. Veæ za njegova ivota i od stranaca isticano je njegovo znaèenje u tadanjoj Evropi u istovjetnoj vrijednosti ni vie ni manje, veæ s Bismarcko- vim. U Hrvatskoj se uz dr. Antu Starèeviæa, biskupova politièkog pro- tivnika smatra najznaèajnijim i najznamenitijim hrvatskim politièarem u XIX. stoljeæu.. Zbog svoga djelovanja u Katolièkoj crkvi opæenito te politici u Habsburkoj Monarhiji znamenit je i u svjetskim razmjerima. Zbog oèito prejakih i silovitih pangermanskih, panmaðarskih i pantali- janskih praktiènih nacionalistièkih i imperijalistièkih nastojanja, pribliava i u skladu s politikom Sv. Stolice - panslavizmu te austroslavizmu; no, ide u jo konketniju akciju pa kanonikom i povjesnièarem dr. F. Raèkim utemeljitelj je hrvatske junoslavenske (nije jugoslavenska!) nacionalne ideologije te zagovornik stvaranja junoslavenske dravne cjeline na pros- toru od slovenskih Alpi do bugarske obale Crnoga mora, od Dunava na granici prema Maðarskoj do Vardara u Makedoniji. Osnivatelj je ili poti- catelj formiranja brojnih institucija i drutava, pokretanja i objavljivanja èasopisa i novina, kulturni je i obrazovni mecena itd. Primjerice, Stross- mayer je osnivatelj i pokrovitelj prvih najviih znanstvenih, kulturnih i prosvjetnih institucija na junoslavenskome jugu, Jugoslavenske (toè- nije: Junoslavenske; sada: Hrvatske) akademije znanosti i umjetnosti, financijer njezinih brojnih djelatnosti, podizanja glavne palaèe u Zagre- bu, u njoj formiranja galerije slika, knjinice, itd., a bitno je utjecao i na osnivanje prvoga hrvatskoga Sveuèilita, takoðer u Zagrebu. Kljuène rijeèi: Strossmayer danas, Hrvatska, katolièki biskup, rodoljub, do- moljub, politièki, kulturni i gospodarski djelatnik * Akademik Petar Strèiæ znanstveni i arhivski savjetnik, upravitelj Arhiva HAZU u miru 103 Strèiæ P.: Josip Juraj Strossmayer danas, Radovi Zavoda za znanstveni rad HAZU Varadin br. 16 17, 2006., str. 103 139 1. O Strossmayeru govoriti1 i pisati danas nije nimalo teko ne samo znan- stveniku pa struènjaku, veæ ni publicisti; a ni danas, iako je opæa situacija znat- no oteana zbog poratnih prilika2 . Tako je niz institucija priredilo vie sveèanosti, radnih i manifestacijskih, od kojih je znatan dio odran u Hrvatskoj3 ; tako je i Strossmayerova Hrvatska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti odgovorila na pov- ijesni trenutak4 ; reagirale su i druge institucije u zemlji, ali i one izvan Repub- like Hrvatske5 . U povodu te velike Strossmayerove godinjice objavljeno je i vie knjiga, zbornika, èlanaka, prireðeno vie znanstvenih i drugih skupova, izlobi, predavanja, prikazan tv film, tu je i vie radio emisija - itd.6 Radi se, naime, o za hrvatske znanstvene, struène, publicistièke i naklad- nièke prilike u XIX, XX. i XXI. stoljeæu doslovce nevjerojatno ogromnoj kolièini tiskanih i na drugi naèin objavljenih napisa o Strossmayeru; a njihov broj stalno raste i danas. I to radova u vrijednosnome rasponu od znanstvenoga preko struènoga, knjievnog i publicistièkog do kiè pristupa te adekvatne vri- jednosti sadraja tih brojnih objavljenih tekstova na hrvatskome jeziku, ali i na vie stranih7 . Isto tako ima i mnogo arheografskih izdanja, dakle, djela s objav- ljenim vrelima, pa i onih nastalih perom samoga Strossmayera8 . Tako je, npr., samo akademik i sveuèilini profesor Ferdo iiæ, jedan od nekoliko hrvatskih najzaslunijih povjesnièara uopæe, u svega nekoliko godina, u otvorenome dik- tatorskome razdoblju Kraljevine Jugoslavije ne ba naklonjenome nièemu pa tako ni znanosti u Hrvatskoj9 , uspio od 1928. do 1933. god. objaviti èak pet omanih tomova Strossmayerove korespondencije; od toga èetiri su edicije biskupova dopisivanja s dr. Franjom Raèkim, svojim najbliim suradnikom i prijateljem, objavljenih u Akademijinu nakladnitvu10 . Uz mnoge druge, i au- tor ovoga èlanka pisao je o Strossmayeru, i to o njegovim vezama sa Zapad- nom Hrvatskom,11 . Odavno je, dakle, jasna Strossmayerova slika kao znamenite i zaslune liènosti, kao èovjeka iznimne ljudske vrijednosti, kao sveæenika te visokoga i èasnog dostojanstvenika Katolièke crkve, uvijek vjernoga Kristova sluge (iako su mu konzervativne skupine èak u samome u vrhu Crkve u Rimu pravile i neprilike, a napose maðaronsko/maðarske opcije u Crkvi u Hrvatskoj)12 ; vidljiva je i velika njegova slika kao izvrsnoga hrvatskog rodoljuba i domoljuba, usto i sposobnoga politièara demokratskih opredjeljenja i htijenja, napose ljubitelja lijepih umjetnosti i skupljaèa umjetnina; zna se dostatno o njemu i kao os- nivatelju i poticatelju osnivanja te financiranja institucija i drutava, kao i veo- ma vjetoga gospodarstvenika i financijera, te mecene nevjerojatno iroke ruke. Bio je i veliki putnik (uvijek u nekome korisnom cilju), dobar gostoprimac te to je rijetko u politièara, napose u Hrvatskoj gransenjer te iznimno dobar i vjeran prijatelj onima koji su mu zaista bili prijatelji. 104 Strèiæ P.: Josip Juraj Strossmayer danas, Radovi Zavoda za znanstveni rad HAZU Varadin br. 16 17, 2006., str. 103 139 Sve ovo to je ovdje nabrojeno i do sada reèeno odavno je poznato, me- ðutim, jo uvijek, èak i meðu nama, profesionalnim historiografima, povjes- nièarima i arhivistima koji su pripadnici «idakove kole» i sljedbenici nauka njezina osnivaèa13 , povremeno ostaju iznenaðeni bogatstvom biskupova djela; dakle, iako se u naèelu radi o «suhoparnim» historiografima, ipak i njih moe iznenaditi neka od brojnih komponenata zaista iznimno bogatoga i plodnog Strossmayerova dugoga ivotnog vijeka, tovie, èak i zadiviti; jer, usprkos, rekoh, veoma visokome broju radova o njemu (razne vrijednosti) njegovo dje- lo ipak nije do kraja istraeno ni prouèeno svaki tren neki nas istraivaè iznenadi s vrijednim otkriæem ili razmiljanjem14 . Ali i s kontroverznim pita- njima. Jer: «Ima vie valjanih razloga na koje se moemo pozvati kad kaemo da je Josip Juraj Strossmayer jedinstvena pojava u hrvatskoj politici i kulturi XIX. stoljeæa. Visoki crkveni dostojanstvenik, a ujedno ideolog i neformalni voða jedne od najutjecajnijih naih politièkih stranaka toga doba, govornik svjet- skoga glasa i pisac otroumnih propovijedi, poslanica vjernicima i pisama istaknutim suvremenicima i u domovini i u Europi, a uza sve to najveæi do- brotvor u cjelokupnoj hrvatskoj povijesti do danas, koji je ne samo pomogao i uzdigao mnoge znamenite nae pojedince nego i bitno unaprijedio cjelokupnu hrvatsku znanost, umjetnost i kulturu uopæe. Strossmayer je, skupivi i poveza- vi sve te znaèajke, koje su rijetke i svaka za sebe, a jo rjeðe ovako sjedinjene u jednoj osobi èineæi je doista svestranom, u javnom ivotu Hrvatske veæ tada postao i do danas ostao kultno ime nacionalnog velikana. A ipak, kao to to èesto biva s velikim ljudima, oko njega se jo uvijek, u nekim aspektima njego- va djelovanja, javljaju veæa ili manja nerazumijevanja, iz kojih proizlaze i veæe ili manje kontroverzije. Strossmayer je jo uvijek tema bremenita nesporazu- mima, koji se jo nisu do kraja razmrsili, iako stvarnih razloga za te nespora- zume zapravo i nema».15 2. Ali, sada, najprije nekoliko osnovnih biografskih natuknica, dakako, samo kao podsjetnik za kontekst onoga to æe dalje biti reèeno u ovome èlanku, kako bi se njegov sadraj mogao to bolje razumjeti.16 Strossmayerovi su roditelji su Ana roð. Klariæ ili Erdeljac17 , te otac Ivan, njemaèkoga podrijetla, trgovac konjima; sestra mu je bila Magdalena koja je udajom postala barunica Unukiæ. Roðen je u Osijeku je 4. veljaèe 1815. go- dine.18 U rodnome mjestu19 zavrio je èetverogodinju puèku kolu te est razreda (tadanje) gimnazije, i to u franjevaca. Iduæa dva, tadanja via gimnazijska razre- da, zvana filozofija, od 1831. do 1833. god. polazio je te maturirao u dijecezan- 105 Strèiæ P.: Josip Juraj Strossmayer danas, Radovi Zavoda za znanstveni rad HAZU Varadin br. 16 17, 2006., str. 103 139 skoj sjemeninoj gimnaziji, u Ðakovu. Bio je najbolji pitomac u generaciji, pa je, slijedom toga, poslan na vie bogoslovsko-filozofsko kolovanje u Petu; tako je, u skladu s tadanjim naèinima i sadrajima visokoga kolovanja, god. 1834. postao doktor filozofije. I studij teologije ovdje je zavrio, godine 1837. S obzirom na godine ivota, a jo vie na teu bolest, nadleni biskup Josip Kukoviæ20 oklijevao ga je promovirati u sveæenika. Ipak, kad se ordinarij od- luèio postupak je znatno ubrzan. Tako 1838. godine, uzastopce u nekoliko dana postaje subðakon i ðakon (12. i 5. veljaèe); konaèno, sveæenièki zavjet toliko ga je elio dao je veæ istoga mjeseca, 16. veljaèe, u 19-godini ivota; zareðen je u biskupijskome sreditu, u Ðakovu, no, mladu misu rekao je 18., istoga mjeseca, ali u Osijeku. Od te je, 1838. god. pa do 1840. «praktièar» - kapelan je u Petrovaradinu. No, u pretpostavljenih nije zaboravljeno njegovo naroèito isticanje u vrijeme kolovanja. Stoga je upuæen dalje, ovaj put u Beè, gdje je slijedeæe dvije godi- ne na najviem
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