Eastern Bru Orthography Statement Carolyn P. Miller 2017 1. INTRODUCTION As Noted in the Paper, 'Eastern Bru Grammar Sketch', By

Eastern Bru Orthography Statement Carolyn P. Miller 2017

1. INTRODUCTION

As noted in the paper, 'Eastern Bru Grammar Sketch', by this author (2017), "Eastern Bru (BRU) is an Austroasiatic language of the Western sub-division of the Katuic Branch of Eastern Mon-Khmer languages. It is spoken mainly in the mountainous region of Quang Tri and Quang Binh provinces of Vietnam and in neighboring areas of Savannakhet province in Laos. However, in 1968 several thousand Bru were resettled in Dac Lac province because of the war, and many of these people still live in the central highlands. Of an estimated population of around 100,000, 26,700 are living in Laos (2005 census) and 74,506 are living in Vietnam (2009 census).

Although the term Bru is used by many languages of the Katuic subgroup of Mon-Khmer languages in Vietnam, Laos and Thailand, the variety described in this article is the one referred to in the Ethnologue as “Eastern Bru.” The Eastern Bru are known in Laos as Bru Tri and in Vietnam as Bru Van Kieu. The term Van Kieu is an exoethnonym applied to a number of related groups, namely Tri, Khua, and Mangcong by the Vietnamese. (Ethnologue 2013) According to Gabor Vargyas, Hoang Van Ma and Ta Van Thong the term Van Kieu comes from old Vietnamese references to “Vien Kieu” or “Sakieu” a mountain region or village. In some related languages, the term Bru means “mountain.” In the Bru Tri/Van Kieu language it simply means minority people or people of the mountains or jungle areas.

Traditionally the Bru have been rice swidden farmers, cutting and burning fields on mountainsides. In recent years government pressure against this type of agriculture as well as a large influx of lowlanders moving into their traditional areas have caused the Bru to diversify their agriculture and adapt to other ways of making a living.

The Bru have been primarily animists, and in some areas strongly maintain their animistic practices. However the upheaval of the war years and economic factors that have caused them to leave their traditional areas have led to many changes. Within the last two or three decades many have turned to Christianity, and Christian churches are found in most areas where the Bru live. The New Testament was printed in 1981 and went through several printings before it was revised and printed with the Psalms in 2009. A translation of the entire Bible was published in 2013.

The Bru have had materials in their language in a modified Roman script since the 1960s as a result of the work of SIL, and some mother-tongue literacy efforts were begun in the 1970s, but these were interrupted during the war. Literacy among the Bru is less advanced on the Lao side. Writing Bru in Lao script has been investigated, but no materials have been distributed to teach Bru on the Lao side to read Bru in that script. Thus the Lao script proposed in this paper still needs to be more thoroughly tested.

2. PHONOLOGY

Descriptions of features of the Bru language were written during the 60s and 1970s by foreign researchers and by Vietnamese linguists during the 1980s. These are listed in the Grammar Sketch mentioned above. This paper will present a current Vietnamese based orthography and a Lao-script orthography still in the process of being tested. Information regarding phonology reflects that described in the aforementioned Grammar Sketch.

1 2.1 Word/Syllable structure Phonological words in Bru Tri as in other Katuic languages are either mono- or disyllabic. Because a word with two syllables always has an unstressed first syllable and a dominant second syllable, these languages have sometimes been described as “sesqui-syllabic.”

The typical phonological word may be summarized as: (C v (C)) C(C) V (C)

The highly restricted vowel in the first or minor syllable is represented by v. The different syllables are further discussed in Section 4.

2.2 Phoneme inventory 2.2.1 Consonants Bru Tri consonants consist of the following:

Manner of Points of Articulation Articulation Bilabial Alveolar Alveolo- Palatal Velar Glottal palatal Stop [+asp.] **pʰ tʰ kʰ Stop [-vd] p t k ʔ Stop [+vd] b d Fricative [-vd] s h Affricate [-vd] c Nasal [+vd] m n ɲ ŋ Lateral [+vd] l Trill/flap [+vd] r Approximant w* j [+vd] Approx + asp j̊ Approx+glot wʔ jʔ Table 1 *The approximant /w/ is usually pronounced [v] when it is an initial consonant. ** due to Vietamese and Lao influence the aspirated /pʰ/ is moving toward /f/.

Restrictions on occurrence of these consonants is discussed in Section 3 below.

2.2.2 Basic vowels Bru vowels consist in ten basic vowel positions. These occur in two constrastive lengths and two registers, albeit with some areas of non-contrast. Five glided nuclei occur in both registers, giving a total of forty one contrastive vowel nuclei. The basic positions for vowels are as follows:

Front Central Back high i ɨ u mid e ɜ o mid-low ɛ ə ɔ low a ɒ Diphthongs iə ɨə uə ia ua Table 2

2 The phonetic quality of these vowels has been described by Miller (1967), by Phillips, Miller and Miller (1976), as well as by Hoang Van Ma and Ta Van Thong (1998).

All of these occur in the V position of the main syllable. In the v position of the pre-syllable /a/ and /u/ occur, but these are often neutralized to /ə / in normal speech. Phonetic /i/ sometimes occurs following /c/ or /s/ but can also be neutralized to /ə/.

2.3 Suprasegmentals (tones, registers, phonation) The basic vowels may occur as either long or short and in one of two registers. The two registers (phonation types) are called in Bru /pre:ŋ/ ‘sound of a small gong’ or /krɨ̤ ːm/ ‘sound of a large gong’. In other literature these are sometimes referred to as ‘light’ vs. ‘heavy’, ‘small voice’ vs. ‘large voice’, ‘tense’ vs. ‘lax’, or ‘first register’ vs. ‘second register’. In Bru the registers may also be recognized in the high and mid vowels by lower tongue-height positions gliding to a slightly higher position for the tense vowels and in the low-mid and low vowels by slight on-gliding from a mid-central vowel at the onset of the lax vowel. The acoustic differences between the various vowel nuclei in Bru have been described in Miller 1967.

No register contrast has been noted for long /ɛ:/ in the dialect studied by the author, but the contrast has been reported by Vuong Huu Le (1998:102) e.g. /lɛ:h/ ‘to untie’ vs. /lɛ̤ :h/ ‘slope’ /tɛ:h/ ‘stick of wood’ vs. /tɛ̤ :h/ ‘leech’

Short vowels do not demonstrate register contrast except in the mid-central position where short vowels /ɜ/ and /ə/ are in contrast. Long/ɜ̤ :/ occurs only in second register, but long /ə:/ exists in both registers. See chart in section 4 for examples of these.

3 3. ORTHOGRAPHIC CHOICES IN ROMAN & LAO SCRIPT

3.1 Initial Consonants Consonants occurring in initial position of the main syllable in Bru are:

Manner of Points of Articulation Articulation Bilabial Alveolar Alveolo- Palatal Velar Glottal palatal Stop asp. **pʰ tʰ kʰ Lao-script ພ ທ ຄ Roman ph th kh Stop unasp. p t k ʔ Lao-script ປ ຕ ກ ອ* Roman p t k/c** - Stop voiced b d Lao-script ບ ດ Roman b d Fricative s h Lao-script ຊ ຮ Roman s h Affricate c Lao-script ຈ Roman ch Nasal m n ɲ ŋ Lao-script ມ ນ ຍ ງ Roman m m nh ng Lateral [+vd] l

Lao-script ລ Roman l Trill/flap r Lao-script ຣ Roman r Approximant w j Lao-script ວ ຢ Roman v y Table 3 * glottal stop is not written word initially in Roman script. Where it occurs main-syllable initial in a word with a pre-syllable, it is written as (-). ** as in Vietnamese, /k/ is written as [k] before front vowels and [c] before central and back vowels.

Initial consonants present no problems for those literate in Vietnamese or Lao, since these consonants occur in word initial position in both of these languages also.

4 3.2 Final consonants in Bru are: Manner of Points of Articulation Articulation Bilabial Alveolar Alveolo- Palatal Velar Glottal palatal Stop unasp. p t k ʔ Lao-script ບ ດ ກ ອ/໌ ະ* Roman p t c q Fricative h Lao-script ຮ Roman h Nasal m n ŋ Lao-script ມ ນ ງ Roman m m ng Lateral l

Lao-script ລ Roman l Trill/flap r Lao-script ຣ Roman r Approximant w j Lao-script ວ ຍ Roman u i Approx. Asp j̊ Lao-script ຍຮ Roman ih Approx. Glot. wʔ jʔ Lao-script ວອ໌ ຍອ໌ Roman iq uq Table 4 * ອ ໌ is used after a long vowel and ະ is used after a short vowel in Lao script. -q is used word finally in Roman script after either.

Consonants /l/ and /r/do not occur finally in either Vietnamese or Lao, so these consonants in final position are peculiar to Bru. Additionally the aspirated and glottalized aspirants do not occur in either national language. These are written as digraphs in both scripts as shown above.

5 3.3 Consonant Clusters In the initial position of the main syllable, the following consonant clusters may occur. Very rarely does a consonant cluster occur in a pre-syllable, though a few instances have been found. E.g. /blabluoq/

l ລ r ຣ b ບ bl ບຼ br ບຣ p ປ pl ປຼ pr ປຣ t ຕ tr ຕຣ k ກ kl ກຼ kr ກຣ pʰ ພ phl ພຼ tʰ ທ thr ທຣ kʰ ຄ khl ຄຼ khr ຄຣ Table 5

Examples of consonant clusters are:

/blɑŋ/ ບຼອໍງ ‘alcoholic beverage’ /ʔabri:t/ ອາບຣດີ ‘grasshopper‘ /plə:/ ເປີ້ຼ ‘head’ /pruam/ ປຣວາມ ‘agree‘ /triaw/ ຕຣຍາວ ‘cheer‘ /klɔ:k/ ກອກຼ ‘white‘ /krɔ:/ ກຣອ ‘long time‘ /pʰlak/ ພຼກັ ‘sprain‘ /tʰrɔ:ŋ/ ທຣອງ ‘pan‘ /kʰlap/ ຄບຼັ ‘wing‘ /kʰrɛŋ-kʰrɛŋ/ ແຄຣງັ -ແຄຣງັ 'jangle’

None of the consonant clusters found in Bru are found in Vietnamese or Lao. In Roman script it does not pose a problem to write the consonants together. In Lao script the combinations with /l/ are not ambiguous, since Lao has an ‘l’ symbol that goes below the other consonant. In a few cases, the clusters which have /r/ as the second consonant are ambiguous. These have to be disambiguated on the basis of context if the other possibility exists. For example The Bru have chosen to write them together, even though this leads to a few cases of ambiguity. E.g. ເປຣຣີ ີ could be either /prə:/ or /pe:r/.

6 4 Vowels

The vowels have nine basic positions. The low back vowel does not occur in either Lao or Vietnamese. So a new symbol had to be contrived for this vowel. For Roman orthography, the breve symbol which in Vietnamese occurs only with/ă/ has been used with /ɔ/ to indicate this quality. ( ŏ ) Modifications to the symbol are made as with other vowels for shortness and register contrast. In Lao script, two symbols have been been combined to represent this vowel. The symbols used for glottal and long /ɔ: / have been combined to produce /ອໍ/. This is modified as with other vowels by diacritics above the consonant.

Bru vowels differ from Vietnamese in that they are marked for shortness, and register. The Vietnamese symbol for săc tone ( ́ ) has been used to indicate shortness in Roman script. Lao has symbols for short vowels, so these are used also in Bru. Neither Vietnamese or Lao has a difference in register, so tense register is marked in Roman script (as the perceived non-normal sound) in high and mid vowels by the nga tone ( ̃ ). For mid-low and low vowels, the lax register is perceived as non-normal, and it is written as a digraph. In Lao script, the tense vowels are marked as non-normal by maai tho ( ້ ) in the high and mid vowels and by maai ek ( ້ ) in the mid-low and low vowels.

The chart on the following page shows all the vowel nuclei in both lengths, both registers (where these are contrastive) and in both Roman and Lao script.

Mid-low and low vowels in the second register do not occur in open syllables, and short vowels marked open syllable in the chart below are actually closed by a glottal stop.

Long Vowels Short Vowels IPA /iː/ /i̤ ː/ /ɨː/ /ɨ̤ ː/ /uː/ /uː/ /i/ /ɨ/ /u/ Vietnamese i i ư ư u u i ư u

Lao (Open Syl.) ນີ້ ນີ ນື້ ນື ນູ້ ນູ ນິ ນຶ ນຸ Lao (Closed Syl.) ນນີ້ ນນີ ນນື້ ນນື ນູນ້ ນູນ ນນິ ນນຶ ນຸນ IPA /eː/ /e̤ ː/ /əː/ /ə̤ ː/ /oː/ /o̤ ː/ /e/ /ə/ /o/ Vietnamese ê e ơ ơ ô ô ê ơ ô

Lao (Open Syl.) ເນນ້ ້ ເນ ເນີ້ ເນີ ໂນ້ ໂນ ເນະ ເນິ ໂນະ Lao (Closed Syl.) ເນນ້ ເນນ ເນນີ້ ເນນີ ໂນນ້ ໂນນ ເນັນ ເນນິ ນນົ IPA /ɛː/ - - /ɜ̤ ː/ /ɔː/ /ɔ̤ ː/ /ɛ/ /ɜ/ /ɔ/ Vietnamese e - - oâ o oo e â o Lao (Open Syl.) ແນ - - - ນໍ - ແນະ ເນິ້ ເນາະ Lao (Closed Syl.) ແນນ - - ເນ່ນີ ນອນ ນອນ່ ແນັນ ເນນິ້ ນອນັ IPA - - /aː/ /a̤ ː/ /ɒː/ /ɒ̤ ː/ - /a/ /ɒ/ Vietnamese - - a oa ŏ oŏ - a ŏ́ Lao (Open Syl.) - - ນາ - ນອໍ - - ນະ ເນາະໍ Lao (Closed Syl.) - - ນານ ນານ່ ນອໍນ ນອ່ ໍນ - ນນັ ນອັ ໍນ Table 6

7 The Bru diphthongs (or glided vowels) are shown below. Note that the Front High-mid and High- low glides do not contrast in open syllables, so these are written as /ia/ in Roman script and in Lao script as the single Lao front glide. Consonant /n/ is added as in the chart above in Lao script to show the vowel placement.

Diphthongs IPA /iə/ /i̤ ə/ /ɨə/ /ɨ̤ ə/ /uə/ /uə/ Vietnamese /ii e/ ie ưo ưo uo uo

Lao (Open Syl.) ເນຍ້ ເນຍ ເນອື້ ເນອື ນວົ້ ນວົ Lao (Closed Syl.) ນຽນ້ ນຽນ ເນອື້ ນ ເນອື ນ ນວນ້ ນວນ IPA /ia/ /ia/ /ua/ /ua/ Vietnamese ĩaa ia uaa ua Lao (Open Syl.) ເນຍ້ ເນຍ ນວາ້ ນວາ Lao (Closed Syl.) ນຍານ້ ນຍານ ນວານ້ ນວານ Table 7

Lao and Vietnamese have only three high to mid or low glides . These are writte in Vietnamese as ( iê, ươ. uô). Bru has chosen to leave the diacritics off the second vowel and has added added two new symbols, (ia, ua). In the Lao language, the glides are written as in the high to mid diphthongs shown above.

4.1 Register Register in Bru Tri is marked on first or tense register in Lao script by Lao maai-tho (້) in the high and mid positions. In Roman script it is marked in these positions by ngã tone ( ̃ ). In mid-low and low positions lax register is marked by the Lao maai ek tone (່) or in Roman script by a digraph (e.g. /oa/ for lax /a/). . Examples of register contrast can be seen in the examples below:

FRONT VOWELS IPA Lao script Roman script Gloss /i/ pih ‘go back’ ປິຮ /i:/ pih ‘break’ ປີ້ຮ /i̤ :/ pih ‘poison’ ປີຮ /e/ hêq ‘we excl.’ ເຮະ /e:/ cutêq ‘land’ ກູເຕອ້ ໌ /e̤ :/ têq ‘able’ ເຕອ໌ / ɛ / peq ‘enough’ ແປະ / ɛ:/ peq ‘carry (child)’ ແປອ໌

8 CENTRAL VOWELS IPA Lao script Roman script Gloss /ɨ/ cưq ‘I’ ກຶ /ɨ:/ catưư q ‘tapeworm’ ກາຕຶອ້ ໌ /ɨ̤ :/ catưq ‘push away’ ກາຕືອ໌ /ə/ cơp ‘with’ ເກບິ /ə̤ ː/ acơp ‘frog’ ອາກເກບີ /ə:/ atơng ‘teach’ ອາເຕງີ້ /ɜ/ tâng ‘in’ ເຕງິ້ /ɜ̤ :/ toâng ‘noon’ ເຕ່ ງີ /a/ tang ‘firm’ ຕງັ /a:/ tang ‘in place of’ ຕາງ /a̤ : mantoang ‘rope bridge’ ມນຕັ າງ່ BACK VOWELS IPA Lao script Roman script Gloss /u/ tung ‘deaf’ ຕຸງ /u:/ tung ‘sound of falling’ ຕູງ້ /u:/ atung ‘distended’ ອາຕູງ /o/ côc ‘abundant’ ກກົ /o:/ côc ‘chunk’ ໂກກ້ /o̤ :/ côc ‘devoid of vegetation’ ໂກກ /ɔ/ soc ‘hair’ ຊອກັ /ɔ:/ soc ‘harvest rice’ ຊອກ /ɔ̤ :/ tưng-tooc ‘back & forth’ ຕງຕຶ ອກ່ /ɑ/ tŏ́ng ‘handle’ ຕອັ ໍງ /ɑ:/ tŏng ‘load a bow’ ຕອໍງ /ɑ̤ :/ tutoŏng ‘sacrifice’ ຕູຕອ່ ໍງ Table 8

9 The five diphthongs occur in both registers as shown in Table 7. Examples of these are:

IPA Lao script Roman script Gloss /tiən/ tii en ‘money’ ຕຽນ້ /ti̤ ən/ tien ‘add to’ ຕຽນ /tian/ tian ‘wrap tightly’ ຕຍານ້ /ti̤ an/ tian ‘candle’ ຕຍານ /cɨəŋ/ chưong ‘well’ ຈອງື້ /cɨ̤ əŋ/ chưong ‘give birth (pig)’ ຈອງື /cuəp/ cuop ‘about to’ ຈວບ້ /cuəp/ cuop ‘around’ ຈວບ /tuaŋ/ tuang ‘strike metal’ ຕວາງ້ /tuaŋ/ tuang ‘pipe stem’ ຕວາງ

5. Special symbols

Lao has special symbols for some consonant-vowel combinations. Bru follows these conventions for /am/ ( ຳາໍ ). /aj/ (ໄ)/, /əj/ (ໃ), /aw/ (ເປົາ), /ɔ:/ in open syllables (ປໍ), short /ɔ/ followed by glottal (ເປາະ) and short /ɒ/ followed by glottal (ເປາະໍ ). As noted above, though Lao has two symbols for /aj/ depending on tone, Bru uses one for /aj/ and one for / ɜj/.The Lao symbol (ຳ)ັ is used to mark vowel shortness in closed syllables, and the Lao (ຳ)ົ is used for short /o/. Examples of these are given below:

/kʰam/ ຄາໍ kham ‘sufficient‘ /haj/ ໄຮ hai 'we (inclusive)' /həj/ ໃຮ hâi 'Let's go!' /m̩ paw/ ອມເປຶ ົາ mpau 'dream' /ʔacɔ:/ ອາຈໍ acho 'dog' /cɔʔ/ ເຊາະ choq 'put' /cɒ/ ເຈາະໍ chŏ́q 'tie' /doŋ/ ດງົ dông 'house'

Vietnamese distinguishes between short and long /a/ before /w/ by using a final ‘u’ for short /a/ and final ‘o’ for long a. Bru does not do this. It uses final ‘u’ and marks shortness or length on the vowel.

As noted in Table 7, where Vietnamese uses ‘iê, ươ, and uô' for the glided vowels, Bru uses ‘ie, ưo, and uo' for simplicity. Vietnamese does not have the high-low diphthongs.

The hyphen has three uses in Roman-script Bru. One is the same as in Vietnamese where the syllables of foreign words or names are broken into syllables by hyphens. One is for doublets, where one part of the expression may never occur by itself. Another is for glottal stop where it 10 occurs as the first consonant of a main syllable which has a pre-syllable. In Lao script the hyphen does not occur, since Lao convention allows for names to consist of multiple syllables without space or hyphen, and in word medial position, the (ອ) symbol which is used regularly for a syllable- initial glottal can be used.

/yaru:-salɛ:m/ ຢາຣູຊາແລມ Yaru-salem Jerusalem /ʔa:ʔi:/ ອາອີ້ a-i sick

6. Major Syllables (Main syllables)

The pattern for the major syllable in Bru is C1(C2)V(C3) in which V can be either long, short or glided. C1 can be any initial consonant, but C2 can be only /r/ or /l/. If the initial consonant is a glottal stop, it is unwritten in roman script (except following a presyllable, where it is written as hyphen), but it is written in Lao script. The full range of Vowels occur in the V position of the main syllable. Consonants occurring in final position are shown in Section 3.2.

Glottal stop in initial position or following a short vowel is written as in Lao (ອ) (ະ). Since glottal stop following a long vowel does not occur in Lao, the Bru have chosen to write it as (ອ)໌ .

The possible syllable types are illustrated below:

CV /cə:/ ເຈີ chơ ‘already’

CVC /tɜk/ ເຕກິ້ tâc ‘use’

CCV /pra:/ ປຣາ pra ‘day after tomorrow’

CCVC /kruaŋ/ກຣວາງcruang ‘country’

7. Minor Syllables (Pre-syllables)

A pre-syllable may consists of either a syllabic nasal (N) which assimilates to the point of articulation of the initial consonant of the main syllable, a consonant plus vowel (Cv), or a consonant-vowel-consonant(CvC) in which the vowel is usually a neutral mid-central vowel. Most commonly the vowel is written as /a:/, though /u:/ is also written where this is preferred. Only /a/ and /u/ are written in this position. Only in a very few words is the vowel of the pre-syllable differentiated to carry contrastive meaning. e.g. /kucit/ 'to die', /kacit 'to kill''.

All initial consonants are found in the presyllable with the exception of /pʰ/ and /tʰ/, though /kʰ/ is rare as are also /j/ and /w/. Rarely is a consonant cluster found initially in a pre-syllable, though a few examples exist. e.g. /blablɨəʔ/ 'flashing'. Consonants closing the pre-syllable are restricted to /m,n,ŋ,r,l/.

N /m̩ pi̤ :ʔ/ ອມປຶ ່ ີອ໌ mpiq ‘mother’

Cv /ŋuŋɨr/ ງງູ ຣຶ ngungưr ‘shake the head’

CvC /sampuəʔ/ ຊມປວອັ ໌ sampuoq ‘fiancee’ 11 Consideration was given as to whether the syllabic nasal presyllable should be written as a diacritic over the first consonant as is done in another Katuic language e.g. (ມປ່ ີອ)໌ , but this was not favored by Bru Tri people with whom the materials were tested. Another Katuic language has chosen to write the nasal presyllable as a single symbol serving to indicate a nasal at the point of articulation of the following consonant e.g. (ຫປ່ ີອ)໌ , but this was not favored by Bru speakers. They chose, instead to represent this as a syllable, using all three nasal consonants depending on the initial consonant of the main syllable e.g. (ອມຶ , ອນຶ , ອງຶ ).

In early testing of Lao script Bru, the vowel in the open minor symbol was written as a short vowel, since it is always unstressed and tends to be of shorter duration, but the implicit glottal stop in this position in the Lao language caused Bru readers to reject it, although they prefer the short vowel in a closed minor syllable.

8. Other considerations

Word spaces are written in Bru as in other Mon-Khmer languages for ease in reading. This is not unusual for readers of Vietnamese, but it is unusual for readers (or writers) of Lao.

Some variation exists in different dialects between whether a vowel is long or short and whether it is /ɜ/ or /a/. But in general the phonology is fairly standard throughout the Bru Tri areas.

While the Roman script has been quite widely used and is read by many particularly in the Vietnam area, literacy among the Bru in Laos is much less advanced, and those who have learned to read have tended to read the Roman script, since this is the variety used in printed materials. The Lao script is much less tested, and may need further adjustment.

Punctuation used has been similar to that found in Vietnamese making use of the following punctuation marks: (. , : ; " ' ? !). So far the same punctuation marks have been used in both scripts, even though Lao tends to use far fewer of these. Rules for quotations are similar to those in English, except that the colon(:) is generally used to introduce direct speech.

The following test which is taken from the book of Genesis in the Bru Bible will show the use of IPA, Roman and Lao scripts:

1 dɜw lɨʔ jiaŋ sursi: tɛ:ŋ palɒ̤ ːŋ kəp kute:ʔ tɜŋ pɨ̤ :n mənlo̤ :k nɜj. 2 ma: kute:ʔ nɜj tə: kə:t rɜ̤ :p ri̤ aŋ n̩ trəw juah, kəp tə: wa: bɨ:n rəmɨh n̩ trəw juah tɜŋ kute:ʔ nɜj. bɨ:n ʔoŋ də:ʔ sɜŋ. ʔɑk kənam kluəm ɲɛ:ʔ tɜŋ klɔ̤ ːŋ də:ʔ. kəp rəwiə̤ j yia̤ ŋ sursi: ʔə:t dəŋ di: ri̤ a pə:ŋ də:ʔ. 3 yia̤ ŋ sursi: pa:j nɛ:ʔ: "kɔʔ bɨ:n pa̤ :ŋ!" lɨʔ kə:t pa̤ :ŋ tɜ̤ :p. 4 yia̤ ŋ sursi: hɨ:m pa̤ :ŋ nɜj ʔɔ: lɨʔ, kəp ʔan kəja̤ :h ciʔ pa̤ :ŋ kəp kənam. 5 cə̤ : yia̤ ŋ sursi: ʔamɨh pa̤ :ŋ la: təŋaj, ma: kənam la: sədɜw. ŋ̩ kiʔ, bɨ:n təbɨ: bɨ:n tərɨ̤ :p, ki̤ : la: təŋaj muə̤ j yia̤ ŋ sursi: tɛ:ŋ. 6 cə̤ : yia̤ ŋ sursi: pa:j ʔɛ:n: "kɔʔ kə:t ba:r pun. muə̤ j pun tɜŋ klɔ̤ :ŋ kute:ʔ, ma: muə̤ j pun ʔɛ:n tɜŋ palɒ̤ ːŋ." yia̤ ŋ sursi: ʔamɨh n̩ toʔ m̩ pɨŋ di: la: tarɔ̤ :ŋ. 7 tɜŋ tarɔ̤ :ŋ ki̤ :, ʔan kəja̤ :h də:ʔ ʔə:t tɜŋ pɨ̤ :n tɛ: də:ʔ tɜŋ pə:ŋ. cə̤ : rənaʔ ki̤ : lɨʔ cə:t ŋ̩ kiʔ. 8 yia̤ ŋ sursi: ʔamɨh tarɔ̤ :ŋ ki̤ : la: palɔ̤ :ŋ. ŋ̩ kiʔ, bɨ:n təbɨ: bɨ:n tərɨ̤ :p, ki̤ : la: təŋaj ba:r yia̤ ŋ sursi: tɛ:ŋ. 9 kəp yia̤ ŋ sursi: pa:j ʔɛ:n: "mah də:ʔ ʔə:t pɨ̤ :n palɒ̤ ːŋ kɔʔ pəro:m muə̤ j ntoʔ, kəp jo:n m̩ pah klɔ̤ :ŋ kute:ʔ." ki̤ : lɨʔ bɨ:n ŋ̩ kiʔ. 10 kəp yia̤ ŋ sursi: ʔamɨh n̩ toʔ kʰo: ki̤ : la: kute:ʔ. n̩ toʔ də:ʔ pəro:m ʔan ʔamɨh də:ʔ mɨ̤ :t. kəp yia̤ ŋ sursi: hɨ:m rənaʔ ki̤ : la: ʔɔ: lɨʔ. 12 1Dâu lứq Yiang Sursĩ tễng paloŏng cớp cutễq tâng pưn manlôc nâi. 2Ma cutễq nâi tỡ cỡt roâp riang ntrớu yũah, cớp tỡ va bữn ramứh ntrớu yũah tâng cutễq nâi. Bữn ông dơq sâng. Ŏ́ c canam cluom nheq tâng cloong dơq. Cơp Raviei Yiang Sursi ơt dơng di ria pơng dỡq. 3Yiang Sursĩ pai neq: “Cóq bữn poang!” Lứq cỡt poang toâp. 4Yiang Sursĩ hữm poang nâi o lứq, cớp án cayoah chíq poang cớp canám. 5Chơ Yiang Sursĩ amứh poang la tangái, ma canám la sadâu. Ngkíq, bữn tabữ bữn tarưp, ki la tangái muoi Yiang Sursĩ tễng.

6Chơ Yiang Sursĩ pai ễn: “Cóq cayoah dỡq cỡt bar pún. Muoi pún tâng cloong cutễq, ma muoi pún ễn tâng paloŏng.” Yiang Sursĩ amứh ntốq mpứng dĩ la taroong. 7Tâng taroong ki, án cayoah dỡq ỡt tâng pưn tễ dỡq tâng pỡng. Chơ ranáq ki lứq cỡt ngkíq. 8Yiang Sursĩ amứh taroong ki la paloŏng. Ngkíq, bữn tabữ bữn tarưp, ki la tangái bar Yiang Sursĩ tễng. 9Cớp Yiang Sursĩ pai ễn: “Máh dỡq ỡt pưn paloŏng cóq parỗm muoi ntốq, cớp yỗn mpáh cloong cutễq.” Ki lứq bữn ngkíq. 10Cớp Yiang Sursĩ amứh ntốq khỗ ki la cutễq. Ntốq dỡq parỗm án amứh la dỡq mưt. Cớp Yiang Sursĩ hữm ranáq ki la o lứq.

1 ເດົ້າ ລຶ ຢຍາງ ຊູຣຊ ີ້ ເຕງ້ ປາລອ່ ໍງ ເກບິ ກູເຕອ້ ໌ ເຕງິ້ ປືນ ມານໂລກ ໃນ. 2 ມາ ກູເຕອ້ ໌ ໃນ ເຕ ີ້ ເກດີ້ ເຣ່ບີ ຣຍາງ ອນເຕຣຶ ວິ ຢວາຮ້ , ເກບິ ເຕ ີ້ ວາ ບນື້ ຣາມຮຶ ອນເຕຣຶ ວິ ຢວາຮ້ ເຕງິ້ ກູເຕອ້ ໌ ໃນ. ບນື້ ອງົ ເດອີ້ ໌ ເຊງິ້ . ອອັ ໍກ ການາໍ ກວມຼ້ ແຍອ ໌ ເຕງິ້ ກອງຼ່ ເດອີ້ .໌ ເກບິ ຣາວຽຍ່ ຢຍາງ ຊູຣຊ ີ້ ເອດີ້ ເດງິ ດ ີ້ ເຣຍ ເປີ້ງ ເດອີ້ .໌ 3 ຢຍາງ ຊູຣຊ ີ້ ປາຍ ແນອ:໌ “ເກາະ ບນື້ ປ່າງ!” ລຶ ເກດີ້ ປ່າງ ເຕ່ ບີ . 4 ຢຍາງ ຊູຣຊ ີ້ ຮມື້ ປ່າງ ໃນ ອໍ ລຶ, ເກບິ ອນັ ກາຢາຮ່ ຈ ິ ປ່າງ ເກບິ ການາໍ . 5 ເຈ ີ ຢຍາງ ຊູຣຊ ີ້ ອາມຮຶ ປ່າງ ລາ ຕາໄງ, ມາ ການາໍ ລາ ຊາເດົ້າ. ອງກຶ ,ິ ບນື້ ຕາບ ື້ ບືນ້ ຕາຣບື , ກ ີ ລາ ຕາໄງ ມວຍ ຢຍາງ ຊູຣຊ ີ້ ເຕງ້ . 6 ເຈ ີ ຢຍາງ ຊູຣຊ ີ້ ປາຍ ເອນ້ : “ເກາະ ກາຢາຮ່ ເດອີ້ ໌ ເກດີ້ ບາຣ ປຸນ. ມວຍ ປຸນ ເຕງິ້ ກອງຼ່ ກູເຕອ້ ,໌ ມາ ມວຍ ປຸນ ເອນ້ ເຕງິ້ ປາລອ່ ໍງ.” ຢຍາງ ຊູຣຊ ີ້ ອາມຮຶ ອນໂຕະຶ ອມປຶ ຶງ ດ ີ້ ລາ ຕາຣອງ່ . 7 ເຕງິ້ ຕາຣອງ່ ກ,ີ ອນັ ກາຢາຮ່ ເດອີ້ ໌ ເອດີ້ ເຕງິ້ ປືນ ເຕ ້ ເດອີ້ ໌ ເຕງິ້ ເປີ້ງ. ເຈ ີ ຣານະ ກ ີ ລຶ ເກດີ້ ອງກຶ .ິ 8 ຢຍາງ ຊູຣຊ ີ້ ອາມຮຶ ຕາຣອງ່ ກ ີ ລາ ປາລອ່ ໍງ. ອງກຶ ,ິ ບນື້ ຕາບ ື້ ບນື້ ຕາຣບື , ກ ີ ລາ ຕາໄງ ບາຣ ຢ ຍາງ ຊູຣຊ ີ້ ເຕງ້ . 9 ເກບິ ຢຍາງ ຊູຣຊ ີ້ ປາຍ ເອນ້ : “ມຮັ ເດອີ້ ໌ ເອດີ້ ປືນ ປາລອ່ ໍງ ເກາະ ປາໂຣມ້ ມວຍ ອນໂຕະຶ , ເກບິ ໂຢນ້ ອມປຶ ຮັ ກອງຼ່ ກູເຕອ້ .”໌ ກ ີ ລຶ ບນື້ ອງກຶ .ິ 10 ເກບິ ຢຍາງ ຊູຣຊ ີ້ ອາມຮຶ ອນໂຕະຶ ໂຄ ້ ກ ີ ລາ ກູເຕອ້ .໌ ອນໂຕະຶ ເດອີ້ ໌ ປາໂຣມ້ ອນັ ອາມຮຶ ລາ ເດອີ້ ໌ ມດື . ເກບິ ຢຍາງ ຊູຣຊ ີ້ ຮມື້ ຣານະ ກ ີ ລາ ອໍ ລຶ.