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Bhasker Punjani, Baldev Panchal Life Sciences Leaflets FREE DOWNLOAD ISSN 2277-4297(Print) 0976–1098(Online) OBSERVATION ON AQUATIC AND WETLAND PLANT DIVERSITY IN SIPU RIVER BED NEAR SIPU DAM, BANASKANTHA DISTRICT, GUJARAT *BHASKER PUNJANI, BALDEV PANCHAL, Universal Impact Factor 2012:0.9285; NIKUNJ PATEL, BHAVESH MALI, ANKIT PATEL AND 2013:1.2210 VINOD PANDEY Index Copernicus Value 2011:5.09, 2012:6.42, PG CENTRE IN BOTANY, SMT. S M PANCHAL 2013:15.8, 2014:89.16, 2015:78.30 , 2016:91 SCIENCE COLLEGE, TALOD-383215, GUJARAT, INDIA. NAAS Rating Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected] 2012:1.3; 2013-16: 2.69 2017-18: 3.98 ABSTRACT: SJIF With an aim to make an inventory of aquatic and wetland plant diversity, 2012: 3.947, 2013:4.802 field explorations were undertaken during November-2016 to April-2017 in InfoBase Index 2015:4.56 Sipu river downstream area near Sipu dam, district Banaskantha, Gujarat, India. The climate of the district is arid and semi-arid, with tropical dry Cosmos Impact Factor 2015: 4.366 deciduous and thorny forests. This floristic survey conducted for the first Received on: time in the study area showed the wealth of aquatic and wetland flora of the 20th May 2018 region under study. A total of 22 species in 18 genera and 12 Angiosperm Revised on: families were recorded for the first time during present survey conducted in 22nd May 2018 Accepted on: the area under study. Of the total recorded species Dicotyledons consisted of th 24 May 2018 58% whereas, Monocotyledons of 42%. The family Cyperaceae turned out Published on: 1st June 2018 as dominant and genus Cyperus considered as dominant genus in the present Volume No. study. An aquatic Pteridophyte - Azolla pinnata R. Brown recorded during Online & Print field exploration from the study area. From the present study, it can be 100 (2018) Page No. concluded that the study area contains a significant proportion of varied 53 to 71 aquatic and wetland plant species, and well adapted to special edaphic and Life Sciences Leaflets is climatic conditions; but their frequency, abundance, etc. were observed poor an international open access print & e may be due to uncontrolled anthropogenic practices in the area. journal, peer reviewed, worldwide abstract KEY WORDS: Aquatic and wetland plants, Sipu river, Banaskantha, listed, published every Gujarat. month with ISSN, RNI Free- membership, INTRODUCTION: downloads and access. The definition of ‘aquatic’ presented by Cook in 1990. Vascular aquatic http://lifesciencesleaflets.petsd.org/ PEER-REVIEWED Page | 53 Life Sciences Leaflets FREE DOWNLOAD ISSN 2277-4297(Print) 0976–1098(Online) plant are interpreted as all Pteridophytina and Spermatophytina whose photosynthetically active parts are permanently or, at least, for several months each year partly or wholly submerged in water or which float on the surface of water. Wetlands are the ‘lands transitional between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems where the water table is usually at or near the surface or the land is covered by shallow water’. India has over 27000 wetlands of which over 23000 are inland wetland while around 4000 are coastal wetlands. Wetland occupy 18.4% of country`s area of which 70% are under paddy cultivation. Further, out of an estimated 4.1 million hectares of wetlands, 1.5 million hectares are natural, while 2.6 million hectares are manmade. This implies that majority of the wetlands in India are manmade. The coastal wetlands occupy an estimated 6750 km, and are largely dominated by mangrove vegetation. Out of 27000 wetlands, only 26 of these numerous wetlands have been designated as Ramsar site (National Wetland Atlas, 2011). Gujarat is dry state climatically but very rich in wetlands. The most striking aspect is that Gujarat has the maximum amount of land identified as wetland in the country which, is about 34.74 lakhs ha, total wetland area estimated is 3474950 ha, which accounts for about 17.56 % of geographical area of the state. The major wetland types include Intertidal mud flats (2260365 ha), River/Stream (275877 ha), Reservoirs/Barrages (248979 ha), Creeks (149898 ha) and Salt Marsh (144268 ha). The coastal wetlands dominate in the state. Some of the unique wetlands like corals and mangroves are found in Gujarat state. The water spread of wetlands is low during pre-monsoon, particularly; it is significant in case of Inland wetlands indicating rain fed nature of the wetlands. (National Wetland Atlas, 2010). District Banaskantha is located in the northeast of the state. The district gets its name from the Banas River which, runs through the valley between Mount Abu and Aravalli Ranges, entering into the plains of Gujarat in this region and flowing towards the Rann of Kachchh. Rajasthan bound the district in the north, Sabarkantha district in east, Kachchh in west and Patan and Mehsana district in the south. Banaskantha covers an area of 10,757 sq. km with a total population of 25, 02,843 according to 2001 census. In the year 2000, Banaskantha was divided into two districts, one is Banaskantha and the other is Patan district. There are many scattered studies on the aquatic and wetland plants of Gujarat. In Sabarkantha district of Gujarat state work on wetland flora was reported by Patel S K et al., 2014, Punjani and Patel, 2014, Punjani and Chaudhary, 2014 and Jangid M S, 2011. There is no detailed report available on aquatic and wetland flora in any area of Banaskantha district. Moreover, no attempt has been made to study floristically Sipu river bed area near Sipu Dam in Banaskantha district. Hence, for the first time aquatic and wetland plant diversity study was undertaken to prepare a list of Angiosperm plants growing in the area under study. STUDY AREA: http://lifesciencesleaflets.petsd.org/ PEER-REVIEWED Page | 54 Life Sciences Leaflets FREE DOWNLOAD ISSN 2277-4297(Print) 0976–1098(Online) Sipu is the principal tributary of the Banas rising from Sirohi and Mount Abu hills in Sirohi district of Rajasthan state. Abu hills fall between the Banas and Sipu sub-basin. About 30% of Mount Abu hills direct runoff drains into Sipu river while about 70% of mount Abu hills direct runoff flows into Banas river. The confluence of Sipu river and Banas river is 12 km downstream of Dantiwada dam. Sipu dam is constructed on Sipu river in Banaskantha district (Fig. 1), Gujarat state (24° 23' 57.88" north latitude and 72° 18' 31.02" east longitude). The dam is perennial and the water level recedes considerably during summer. The bed is composed of Mostly uniform fine sand and rock exposure. The wetland is predominantly used for fishing and farming. Banas River originates from Aravalli Hills, Rajasthan and meets into little Rann of Kachchh. Its length is 266 km. & total catchment area is 8674 sq.km. Sipu is right bank’s main tributary and Khari is left bank’s main tributary of Banas. Sukli, Balaram, Suket, Sevaran and Batriya are another tributary of Banas on left bank. There is Dantiwada Dam on Banas river at 105.00 km. distance. Its catchment area is 2862 sq.km. On Sipu river, Sipu Dam has 1222 sq.km. catchment area. METHODOLOGY: The present study was carried out in the wetland of Sipu river bed near Sipu Dam downstream area, district Banaskantha, Gujarat. The field trips were organized during the year November-2016 to April- 2017. The study area was visited frequently and floristic survey was done for collecting aquatic and wetland plants. The specimens were observed, photographed in their natural condition with high- resolution camera. The specimens were collected and then pressed by using blotting papers. The specimens were taken to the laboratory of the Botany department, Smt. S. M. Panchal Science College, Talod. Where their morphological characters were observed and identified up to genus/species level with the help of Flora of Gujarat State (Shah, 1978). Cyperaceae of Western Ghats (Wadoodkhan, 2015), Aquatic and Wetland Plants of India (Cook, 1996). Some specimens of wetland species needed microscopic observation for the morphological species identification too. The dried specimens were numbered and mounted on the standard herbarium sheets by using Fevicol. All the herbarium sheets were poisoned with the 1% mercury chloride and then sent to Botany Department. The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara for the confirmation of identified species especially Cyperaceae members. APG-III system was followed to classify the species (http://www.npsoregon.org/documents /APG_III_Oregon.linear.pdf), Author citation and binomial of collected plant species were verified with International Plant Names Index (IPNI) (http://www.ipni.org/ipni /plantnamesearchpage.do) and The plant list (www.The Plant list.org). Preserved herbarium specimens with voucher number were deposited with college herbarium, Botany Department, Smt. S. M. Panchal Science College, Talod with taxonomical information. http://lifesciencesleaflets.petsd.org/ PEER-REVIEWED Page | 55 Life Sciences Leaflets FREE DOWNLOAD ISSN 2277-4297(Print) 0976–1098(Online) ENUMERATION OF PLANT SPECIES: The recorded plant species are arranged as per classification given by APG-III, 2009. The brief out line of classification has been shown in the Table 1. Botanical name: - Vellisneria spirilis L. Family: Hydrocharitaceae Hydrophyte types: Submerged, anchored/ bottom-rooted hydrophytes, leaves in a rosette Life-forms: Annual, but sometime perenneting. Growth-forms: Rosulate Flowering & Fruiting: - Oct.-Feb. Habitat: Found in lakes, ponds, and in slow moving streams and rivers. Salient features: dioecious fresh water herb. Roots unbranched. Leaves strap-shaped, the margins usually with unicellular spines. Inflorescences axillary, spathe or 2 united bracts. Male flower very small, numerous, opening on the water surface. Female flower solitary, long pedicellated, floating on the surface at maturity. Botanical name: - Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle Synonym: Serpiculata verticillata L.f. Family: Hydrocharitaceae Hydrophyte types: Submerged, bottom rooted, leaves cauline.
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