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GIPE-001643-Contents.Pdf (1.508Mb) ·Dlill~lllilililli~lllmiililllli~uury G IPE"PUNE-OO 1643 ----- SYNOPSIS OF LANGUAGES ACCORDtNG TO THEIR INTERNAL &. EXTERNAL RELATIONSHIP. lfudo Zend ~ 3IodcrTl. PerSl.a7V JL Celtic G.ass of Lang~es. Orelic Iberian/ Irisk ~z.,.ft, BreI.otL ill.Semiuc Oass ofLaneu~es . .llebrew Aranuac Arabu: Etfiiupu; .,TZllCOl.aldazc N . Tatar OaEs 'I I' -it • THE' HISTORY OF THE DECLINE AND FALL ROMAN E~fPIRE. BY EDWARD GIBBON.. WITH NOTES BY DEAN MILMAN AND M. G UIZOT. A NEW EDITION, WITH ADDITIONAL NOTES, BY WILLIAM SMITH D.C.L. & LL.D~ IN EIGHT VOLUMES.-VoL.IL LONDON: JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE .STREET. 1862. The rig~ of 2Tamlation ia r<BOTlJOd. LONDON: PRINT ED II Y WI J.I,IA M CI,OWES AND SONS, STAIWOTfD STRRR'l' AIm CHA1UNG cnoss. V S-2. ' cD '?) M"6 2-. - f2- CONTENTS 01 THE'SECOND VOLUME. CHAPTER XI. REIGN OF CLAUDlUS.-DEFEAT OF THE GOTHS.-VICT0RIES, TRIUMPH, A..'m DEATH OF AURELIAN. A.D. Page I A.D. Pagt 268. AUBEOLUS invades Italy, is Succession of Usurpers in defeated, and besieged at Gaul ••••••• 17 Milan. • • • • • • 1 271. 'l'he Reign'and Defeat of Te- Death of Gsllienus • 2 tricus • • .'. • • • 18 Character and Elevation of 272. Character of Zenobia • 19 the Emperor Claudius • 3 Her Beauty and Learning • 20 268. Death of Aureolus • 4 Her Valour • • • •• 20 Clemency and Justice of She revenges .her Husband's Claudius • • • •• 5 Death ••••••• ' 20 He undertakes the Reforma- She reigns over the East and tion of the Army • • • 5 Egypt ••••••• 21 269. The Goths invade the Empire 6 272. The Expedition of Aurelian. 22 Distress and Firmlless of The Emperor defeate the Pal­ Claudius • • • • •• 6 myrenians in the Battles of His Victory over the Goths. 7 Antioch and Emesa 22 '270. Death of the Emperor, who The State of Palmyra. • • 23 .recommends Aurelian for It i's besieged by Aurelian • 24 his Successor • 8 273. Aurelian becomes Master of The Attempt and Fall of Zenobia, and of the City 25 Quintilius. • • • • • 9 Behaviour of Zenobia.. 25 Origin and Services of Aurelian 9 Rebellion and Ruin of Pal- AUl'elian's successful Reign. 1,0 myra ••••••• 26 His severe Discipline • • • 10 Aurelian suppresses the Re­ He concludes a Treaty with bellion of Firmus in Egypt 26 the Goths. • • • • • 11 274. Triumph of Aurelian • • .' 27 He resigns to them the Pro- His Treatment of Tetricus vince of Dacia 12 and Zenobia • • • • • 28 270. The Alemannic War • • • 13 His Magnificence and Devo­ The Alemanni invade Italy. 14 tion. • • • • • • • 29 'l'hey are at last vanquished He suppresses a Sedition at , by Aurelian • • .• 15 Rome • • •• • 29 271. &1perstitious Ceremonies. • 151 Observations upon it • • • 30 Fortifications of Rome 16 Cruelty of Aurelian 31 271. Aurelian suppresses the two 275. He marches into the East, Usmpers • • • • • • 17 and is assassinated • • • 32 a 2 jv CONTENTS Ol!' VOL. n. CHAPTER XII. CONDUCT OF THE ARMY AND SENATE AFTER THE DEATH OF AURELIAN.-REIG!i/J OF TACITUS, PROBUS, CARUS A1ID HIS SONS. A.D. Page A.D. Page Extraordinary Contest be­ Introduction and Settlement tween the Army and the of the Barbarians . • • 47 Senate for the Choice of an Daring Enterprise of the Emperor • • • • • • 33 Frsnks ••••••• 48 275. A peaceful Interregnum of 279. Revolt of Saturninus in the eight Month3. • . • • 34 East ••.•••• 49 The Consul assembles the 280. --of Bonosus and Procu- Senate. • • •. 35 Ius in Gaul • • • • • 50 Character of Tacitus •• 35 281. Triumph of the Emperor He is elected Emperor.. 36 Probus .•.•••• 50 He accepts the Purple.. 37 His Discipline • • • . • 50 Authority of the Senate. • 37 282. His Death • • • • • • 51 Their Joy and Confidence .' 38 Election and Character of 276. Tacitus is acknowledged by Carns •••••.• 52 the Army •••••• 38 The Sentiments of the Senate The Alani invade Asia, and and People • • . • • 53 are repulsed by Tacitus • 39 Carns defeats the Sarmatians, 276. Death of the Emperor Ta­ and marches into the East 53 citus • • • • • • • 40 283. He gives,' Audience to the Usurpation and Death of his Persian Ambassadors • • 54 Brother Florianus • • . 40 283. His Victories, and extraordi­ Their Family subsists in Ob­ nary Death . • . • 55 scurity. • • • • • 41 He is succeeded by his two Character and Elevation of Sons, Carinus and Numerian 56 the Emperor Probus 41 284. Vices of Carinus • 56 ·His respectful' Conduct to- He celebrates the Roman wards the Senate 42 Ganies. • • • • . • 58 Victories of Probus over the Spectacles of Rome 58 Barbarians. • .. • . 43 The Amphitheatre. • • . 59 277. He delivers Gaul from the l1etum of Numerian with the Invasion of the Germans • 44 Army from Persia . 61 He carries his Arms into Death of Numerian 62 Germany ••.••. 45 284. EleCtion of the Emperor DiOo He builds a Wall from the cletian. • . • . • 6£ Rhine to the Danube • . 46 285. Defeat and Death of Carinus 63 CHAPTER, XIII. THE REIGN OF DIOCLETIAN AND '~IS THREE ASSOCIATES, MAXllIIIAN, GALERlUS, ANI> CONSTANl'lUS. -GENERAL RE-ESTABLISHMENT OF ORDER AND TRAN­ QUUJ.Il'Y.-THE PERSIAN WAR, VICTORY, AND TRIUMPH.-THE NEW FORM OF ADlIIlNISTRATION.-ABDICATION AND RETIREMENT OF DIOCLETIAN AND MAXIMIAN. 285. Elevation and Character of Departments and Harmony Diocletisn. • • • . • 64 of the four Princes. • 68 His Clemency in Victory. • 65 Series of Even ts • • • . 68 286. Association and Character of 287. State of the Peasants of Gaul 611 Maximian. • . • • • 66 Their Rebellion. • . • • 69 292 . .A ssociation of two Cmsars, And Chastisement. • • 70 Galerius and Constantiu8. 67 287. Revolt of Carausiu8 in Britain 70 COllTTEl\"'TS OF VOL. n. v A.D. Page A.D. Page ImpOl·t&nce of Britain • 71 Conclusion of a Treaty of Peace 86 Power of Carausius.. 71 Articles of the 'I'rea ty • 86 289. Acknowledged by the other 'I'he Aboras fixed as the Limits Emperors 72 between the Empires 86 294. His Death • • • • 72 Cession of :five Provinces be- 296. Recovery of Britain by Gon- yond the 'Tigris • 87 stantius • • • •• 73 Armenia. • • 88 Defence of the Frontiers. • 73 Iberia. • • • • • • • 88 Fortifications 73 303. Triumph of Diocletian and Dissensions of the Barbarians 74- Maximian. • • • • • 89 Conduct of the Emperors. 74 Irong Absence of the Empe- Valour of the Cresars. • 74 rors from Rome • • 89 Treatment of the Barbarians 75 Their residence at Milan • 90 Wars of Africa and Egypt 76 -----at Nicomedia 91 296. Conduct of Diocletian in Debasement of Rome and of Egypt •••• ~ •• 76 the Senate ~. 91 He suppresses Books of AI­ New Bodies of Guards, Jo- chymy ••••••• 77 vians and Herculians 92 Novelty and Progress of that Civil Magistracies laid aside. 93 Art. 78 Imperial Djgnity and Titles. 93 The Persian War 78 Diocletian assumes the Dia- 282. Tiridates the Armenian 78 dem, and introduces the 286. His Restoration to the 'I'hrone Persian Ceremonial • 94 of Armenia 79 New Form of Administration, State of the Country 79 two Augusti and two Cresars 95 Uevolt of the People and Increase of 'I'axes • • • • 96 Nobles. •• 79 Abdication of Diocletian and Story of Mamgo. • 80 Maximian. • • •• 98 'l'he Persians recover Armenia 81 Resemblance to Charles V. 98 296. Vi'" ar between the Persians 304. Long Illness of Diocletian 98 and the Romans. 82 His Prudence • 99 Defeat of Galerius • 82 Compliance of Maximian. • 99 His Reception by Diocletian 83 Retirement of Diocletian at 297. Second Campaign of Galerius 83 Salona. • 100 His Victory. • • • • • 83 His Philosophy • • 100 His Behaviour to his Royal 313. His Death • • • 101 Captives • • • • • • 84 Description of Salona and the Negotiation for Peace. 84 adjacent Country. • 101 . Speech of the Persian Ambas- Of Diocletian's Palace. • 102 sador 85· Decline of the Arts • 103 Answer of Galerius 85 --of Letters • 104 Moderation of Diocletian • 85 'I'he new Platonists • 104 CHAPTER XIV. 'I'ROUBLES AFTER THE ABDICATION OF DIOCLETIAN.-DEATH OF CONSTANTIUS. -ELEVATION OF CO~STANTINE AND l'rIAXENTIUS.-BIX EMPERORS AT THE SAME TIl'rIE.-DEATH OF l'rIAXIMIAN AND GALERIUS.-VICTORIES OF CON­ STANTINE OVER l'rIAXENTIUS AND LICINIUS.-REUNION OF THE EMPIRE UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF CONSTANTINE. 305-323. Period of Civil Wars and Ambition of Galerius disap- Confusion. • . • • • 106 pointed by two Revolu- Character and Situation of tions • • • • . • • 109 Constantiua • . • • • 106 274. Birth, Education, and Escape Of Galerius . • . • . 107 of Constantine . • • • 109 The two Cresars, Severns and 306. Death of Constantius, and Maximin . • • • • • 108 Elevation of Constantine . 111 vi CONTENTS OF VOL. II. A.D. Page A.D. Page He is acknowledged by Gale­ Battle of Turin. • • • • 128 rius, who gives him only Siege and Eattle of Verona • 1:!9 the Title of Cresar, and that Indolence and Fears of Max- of Augustus to Severus • 112 entius • • • • • • • 130 The Brot,hers and Sisters of 312. Victory of Constantine near Constantine ..• . • • 112 Reme •••••.• 131 Discontent of the Romans at His Reception • . • • • 133 the Apprehension of Taxes 113 His Conduct at Rome. • • 134 306. Maxentius de.clared Emperor 313. His Alliance with Licinius • 135 at Rome . • • • . • 114 War between Maximin and Maximian reassumes thll Licinius • • . • . 135 Purple. • • . • • 115 The Defeat of Maximin . 136 307. Defeat and Death of Severns 115 His Death • • • • • • 136 Maximian gives his Daughter ' Cruelty of Licinius • • . 136 Fausta, and the Title of Unrortunate Fate of the Em- Augustus, to Constantine. 116 pres§ Valeria and her Galerius invades Italy. • • 117 Mother ••..••• 137 His Retreat • • • • • • 118 314. Quarrel between Constantine 307. Elevation of Licinius to the and Licinius. • • • • 139 Rank of Augustus • • • 119 First Civil War between them 140 Elevation of Maximin. • • 119 314. Battle of Cybalis • • • • 140 308. Six Emperors . • • . • 119 Battle of Mardia • • • • 141 Misfortunes of Maximian • • 120 '1'reaty of Peace • • • • • 141 :no. His Death • • • . • • 121 315-323. General Peace and Laws 311. Death of Galerius . • • • 122' of Constantine .' • • • 142 His Dominion shared between 322. The Gothic War • • • • 144 Maximin and Licinius.
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