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Constantine the Great Biography Pdf Constantine the great biography pdf Continue The Roman emperor from 306 to 337 and the Christian saint Constantine of Constantinople redirects here. For the Constantinople Patriarch named Constantine, see Patriarch Constantine of Constantinople. Constantine and Constantine I are redirected here. For other purposes, see Constantine (disambigation) and Constantine I (disambigation). Constantine the GreatCoross head of Constantine (4th century), Capitol Museums, Rome and AthensRoman EmperorG25 July 306 - May 22 337 (only from September 19 324)PrecursorConstency ISuccessorConstantine IIConstration IIConstance ICo-emperors or rivalsGaliry Valery Severus (306-307)Maxentius (306- 312)Maximian (306-308)Lisinius (308-324)Maximinus Daya (311-313) Was born February 27 c. 272-1-Nessus, Moesia Superior, Roman Empire (Nish, Serbia)Died22 May 337 (age 65)Nicomedia , Bitonia, Roman Empire (Izmit, Turkey)The Funeral Church of the Holy Apostles, Constantinople, but Constance II, his son, if he had movedSpouseMinervina (perhaps was his concubine)FaustaIssueDetailConstantinaHelenaCrispusConstantine IIConstantiy IIConstansFull nameFlavius Valery ConstantinusGreekΚωνσταντίνος No. Contemporary Istanbul, TurkeyVenerated in Eastern Catholicism 'Marks 1'5 Eastern Orthodoxy of Eastern Orthodoxy Anglican Community Lutheran Church Home Shrine Church of the Holy Apostles , Constantinople (modern Istanbul, Turkey)Festival21 May Konstantin the Great (Latin: Flavius Valery Constantine; Ancient Greek: Κωνσταντῖνος, romanticized: Kuentantanos; February 27, 272 - 22 May 337), also known as Constantine I, was the Roman emperor from 306 AD to 337 AD Born in Nessus, Dacia Mediterranea (now Nish, Serbia), he was the son of Flavia Constance, an Officer of the Illyrian Army, who became one of the four Emperors of the Teterurchi. His mother, Elena, was Greek and low born. Constantine served with distinction under the emperors Diofletian and Galerius, agitating in the eastern provinces against barbarians and Persians before being recalled to the west in 305 to fight under his father's leadership in The UK. After the death of his father in 306, Constantine was recognized as emperor in the army in Eborakum (York). He triumphed in the civil wars against the emperors Maxentia and Lisinia to become the sole ruler of the Roman Empire by 324. As emperor, Constantine adopted administrative, financial, social and military reforms to strengthen the empire. He restructured the government, dividing civilian and military powers. To combat inflation, he introduced solidus, a new standard for Byzantine and European currencies for over a thousand years. The Roman army was reorganized to consist of mobile units (commissariats) and garrison troops (limiters) capable of withstanding internal threats and barbaric incursions. Constantine campaigned successfully against tribes on Roman borders - Franks, Alamy, Gom and Sarmats, even resettling the territories left by his predecessors during the crisis of the third century. Constantine was the first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity. (notes 2) Although he lived most of his life as a pagan and then as a catechist, he joined the Christian religion on his deathbed, being baptized by Eusebius Nicomedia. He played an influential role in the proclamation of the Milan Decree in 313, which proclaimed tolerance of Christianity in the Roman Empire. In 325, he confessed to the first council of Nicae, which produced a statement of the Christian faith known as the Nicae Credo. The Church of the Holy Sepulchre was built on his orders on the supposed site of Jesus' tomb in Jerusalem and became the holiest site in the Christian world. The papal claim to temporary power in the Middle Ages was based on a fabricated donation from Constantine. Historically, he was called the first Christian emperor and he preferred the Christian church. While some modern scholars argue about his beliefs and even his understanding of Christianity, he is revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity. The era of Constantine marked a separate epoch in the history of the Roman Empire. He built a new imperial residence in Byzantium and renamed the city of Constantinople (now Istanbul) in honor of himself (the laudatory epithet New Rome appeared in his time and was never an official name). It later became the capital of the Empire for more than a thousand years, and later the Eastern Roman Empire was named by the Byzantine Empire by modern historians. His more immediate political legacy was that he replaced Tetralchi Diocretian with the de facto principle of dynastic continuity, leaving the empire to his sons and other members of the Constantine dynasty. His reputation flourished during the lives of his children and for centuries after his reign. The medieval church held it as a model of virtue, while secular rulers referred to it as a prototype, a starting point and a symbol of imperial legitimacy and identity. Beginning with the Renaissance, there were more critical assessments of his rule, due to the rediscovery of anti-Constantine sources. Trends in modern and recent scholarships have tried to balance the extremes of the previous scholarship. Sources statue of Constantine in Berat Castle. Constantine was a ruler of great importance, and he was always a controversial figure. Fluctuations his reputation reflects the nature of the ancient sources of his rule. They are plentiful and detailed, but they have been strongly influenced by the official propaganda of the period and often one-sided; No modern history or biographies dedicated to his life and rule have survived. The closest replacement is Evsibiya's Vita Konstantini, a mixture of eulogy and hagiography written between 335 AD and circa 339 AD, which extols the moral and religious virtues of Constantine. Vita creates a controversially positive image of Constantine, and modern historians often dispute his reliability. Constantine's most complete social life is the anonymous Origo Constantini, an uncertain work that focuses on military and political events to ignore cultural and religious issues. Lactantius' De Mortibus Persecutorum, a political Christian pamphlet on the reigns of Diocletian and Tetrarchi, provides a valuable but tendentious detail about Constantine's predecessors and early life. The church stories of Socrates, Sozomen and Theodore describe church disputes about the later rule of Constantine. Written during the reign of Theodosius II (408-450 AD), a century after constantin's rule, these church historians overshadow the events and theology of the Constantine period through the wrong direction, distortion and deliberate obscurity. Contemporary works of Orthodox Christian Athanasius and the church history of the Aryan philosopher also survive, although their prejudices are no less firm. The incarnation of Aurelius Victor (De Caesar), Eutropius (Breviarium), Festa (Breviarium) and the anonymous author Epitom de Cesaribes offer concise secular political and military stories of the period. Although they are not Christians, they paint a favorable image of Constantine, but omit the reference to the religious policy of Constantine. Panegyrici Latini, a collection of eulogies from the end of the third and early fourth centuries, provides valuable information about the politics and ideology of the tetraric period and the early life of Constantine. Contemporary architecture such as the Arch of Constantine in Rome and the palaces in Gamzigrad and Cordoba, the epigraphic remains and chasing of the era complement literary sources. Early life Remains of the luxurious residence of the Palace of The Median, erected by Constantine I near his maternity town of Niass Flavius Valery Konstantinus, as he was originally called, was born in the city of Niasses, (today Nish, Serbia) part of the province of Dardania Moesia february 27, probably c. AD 272. His father was Flavius Constance, an Illyrian native of Dardania Province, Moesia (later Dacia Maturation). Constantine probably spent a little together with his father, who was an officer in the Roman army, part of Emperor Aurelian's imperial bodyguard. Described as a tolerant and politically qualified man, Constance advanced through the ranks, receiving the Governorship of Dalmatia from Emperor Diogletian, another of Aurelian's comrades from Illyrikum, in 284 or 285. Constantine's mother was Elena, a Greek woman of low social status from Helenapolis in Bitinia. It is not known whether she was legally married to Constantine or just his concubine. His main language was Latin, and during public speeches he needed Greek translators. Head from the statue of DiocellianBust Maximian In July 285 AD, Diocellian announced Maximian, another colleague from Illyricum, his co-emperor. Each emperor will have his own court, his own military and administrative abilities, and each will rule with a separate prefect of the Preferian as chief lieutenant. Maximian ruled in the West, from its capitals in the Mediolanum (Milan, Italy) or Augusta Treverorum (Trier, Germany), while Diocletian ruled in the East, from Nicomedia (Izmit, Turkey). The division was simply pragmatic: the empire was called indivisibility in the official eulogy, and both emperors could move freely throughout the empire. In 288, Maximian appointed Constance as his prefect in Gaul. Constantine left Elena to marry his stepdaughter Maximian Theodora in 288 or 289. Diofletian again divided the Empire in 293 AD, appointing two Caesars (junior emperors) to rule over further units of east and west. Each of them would be subordinated to
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