ANEJO VII 2016 BEGINNING and END Álvaro Sánchez-Ostiz (Ed.)

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

ANEJO VII 2016 BEGINNING and END Álvaro Sánchez-Ostiz (Ed.) ANEJO VII 2016 BEGINNING AND END FROM AMMIANUS MARCELLinUS TO EUSEBIUS OF CAESAREA Álvaro Sánchez-Ostiz (ed.) BEGINNING AND END CONTENTS ACKNOWLedgeMENTS ....................................................................................................... 5 NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS ................................................................................................ 9 ABSTRACTS AND KEYWORDS / RESÚMENES Y PALABRAS CLave ....................................15 ABBREVIATionS ................................................................................................................31 Álvaro Sánchez-Ostiz, José B. Torres Guerra AMMIANUS, EUSEBIUS AND 4TH-CENTURY HISTORiogRAPHY: FROM DUSK TO DAWN? ...................................................................................................... 35 Andrew Louth EUSEBIUS AS APOLOGIST AND CHURCH HISTORIAN .............................................. 47 José B. Torres Guerra DOCUMENTS, LETTERS AND CANONS in EUSEBIUS OF CAESAREA’S ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY ...................................................................................... 61 Jan R. Stenger PALESTine AS A PALIMPSEST: EUSEBIUS’ CONSTRUCTion OF MEMORIAL SPACE in THE ONOMASTICON ................................................................................. 83 Pablo M. Edo CITing OR DOCTORing THE SOURCES? SERAPion AND THE GOSPEL OF PETER in EUSEBIUS’S HISTORIA ECCLESIASTICA ..............................................107 Jerónimo Leal LAS LISTAS DE OBISPOS DE ROMA Y ANTioQUÍA EN LA HISTORIA ECLESIÁSTICA DE EUSebio ..................................................................................... 123 Fernando López Sánchez ‘UNDER THIS SIGN YOU SHALL BE THE RULER!’ EUSEBIUS, THE CHI-RHO LETTERS AND THE archē OF CONSTANTine ....................................................... 137 Carmen Castillo HISTORIA, PHYSIOGNOMÍA Y ENCOMio: LA FIGURA DE GRACIANO EN AMIANO MARCELino ............................................................................................. 159 David Woods CONSTANTIUS, JULIAN, AND THE FALL OF SIRMIUM .......................................... 175 Matilde Caltabiano THE ADVENTUS OF THE EMPEROR JULIAN in AMMIANUS MARCELLinUS’S RES GESTAE ....................................................................................................... 193 ExClass Anejo VII, 2016 3 Álvaro Sánchez-Ostiz AMMIANUS ON EASTERN LAWYERS (30.4): LITERARY ALLUSionS AND THE DECLine OF FORENSIC ORATORY ..............................................................207 Alberto J. Quiroga Puertas DICTA ET VISA: RHETORICAL STRATegieS in AMMIANUS’S RES GESTAE .... 225 Francisco J. Alonso PARODY AND INVERSion OF LITERARY GENRES in AMMIANUS MARCELLinUS ................................................................................................... 243 BIBLiogRAPHY ...........................................................................................................261 GENERAL INDEX ......................................................................................................283 INDEX OF PASSageS DISCUSSED ............................................................................... 301 4 ExClass Anejo VII, 2016 ACKNOWLedgeMENTS BEGINNING AND END The edition of this book has profited from the help and support of several institutions. Of special recognition is the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, which in 2011 approved and sponsored our research project “Linguistic and Cultural Alterity in the Roman Empire (third and fourth centuries AD): Historiography and Related Genres” (FFI2010-15402 FILO). We must additionally thank the University of Navarra for its trust and continuous help in developing this project, especially between 2011 and 2013. What can be said about the University of Navarra in general is of course also true in its School of Humanities and Department of Philology. From this project’s beginning to its end, we are singularly indebted to all those, sine quibus non, who attended the workshop “Beginning and End. From Ammianus Marcellinus to Eusebius of Caesarea”, in Pamplona on December 2013. Without their contributions, discussions and suggestions, this volume would have been a very different work. Particular thanks are also owed to Alan N. Stout for revising most of the non-native English parts of this volume. ExClass Anejo VII, 2016 7 NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS BEGINNING AND END FRANCISCO JOSÉ ALONSO graduated from the Complutense University of Madrid, Spain, in Classical Philology and he is now a doctoral student at the Pontificia Universidad Católica of Chile. He taught Latin in the University of Navarra, Spain, Latin and Greek in the Catholic University of La Plata, Ar- gentina, and Latin and Greek Literatures in Chile. His doctoral studies focus on the points of view in the narrative of Ammianus Marcellinus’s historical work. MATILDE CALTABIANO is emeritus Professor of Roman History at the State University of Milan. Her research has tackled various problems and main characters from the 4th century AD based on analyses of historiographical sources. She is the author of several contributions about the emperor Julian, and translations of Ammianus’ Res gestae and Julian’s Epistolary, as well as of the monograph Litterarum Lumen (Rome 1996), on the literary and book culture of Late Antiquity. CARMEN CASTILLO is emeritus Professor of Latin Philology at the Univer- sity of Navarra. Her main research fields have been Roman Prosopography of Hispania, as well as Latin epigraphy. In recent years she has focused her re- search on the 4th century AD, combining literary and historical approaches, and paying particular attention to the historiographical work of Ammianus Marcellinus. PABLO M. Edo is Assistant Lecturer of New Testament at the University of Navarra since 2007. His current research interests are the Gospels, Petrine Literature and Early Christianity, with a specific focus on the apocryphal writings, as well as the definition and formation of the canon. He has re- cently edited and commented the Gospel of Peter: El Evangelio de Pedro (Fragmento de Akhmîn). Introducción, texto bilingüe y comentario (Sal- amanca 2015). JERÓNIMO LEAL is Professor of Patrology at the University of the Holy Cross of Rome and is visiting Professor at the Patristic Institute “Augustinia- ExClass Anejo VII, 2016 11 ÁLVARO SÁNCHEZ-OSTIZ num” of Rome. His main research fields are pre-Nicene patristics, Tertullian, and the Acts of the martyrs. He has published an edition of the Latin-Af- rican Acts of the martyrs, and several books and papers on Tertullian. He is part of the research group “The interdisciplinary ‘Anceps Project’”, that focuses on the automation of Latin metrical analysis. FERnando LÓPEZ-SÁNCHEZ’S dissertation on Late Roman coins and Late Roman armies was defended in 2002. He conducted post-doctoral research in Oxford University and was later awarded by the Spanish Ministry of Education with the Juan de la Cierva (2005-2008, University of Zaragoza) and Ramón y Cajal (2009-2013, University of Castellón) research positions. The main focus of his research is on the auxiliary military forces of the Ro- man Republic and the Roman Empire from Numidia to Scandinavia, with an especial approach to coins and coinage. Fernando is now member of the Wolfson College at the University of Oxford. ANDREW LOUTH is Professor Emeritus of Patristic and Byzantine Studies, University of Durham, and Honorary Fellow of the Faculty of Theology at- tached to the Amsterdam Centre of Eastern Orthodox Theology (ACEOT), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, 2010–14. His most recent books are Intro- ducing Eastern Orthodox Theology and Modern Orthodox Thinkers: from the Philokalia to the Present (SPCK, 2013, 2015). ALBERTO J. QUIROGA PUERTAS is Profesor Contratado Doctor at the Ancient Greek Department at the University of Granada. His main research interests are late antique rhetoric - more specifically, rhetorical deliveries - and Im- perial Greek literature, with especial attention to the works by Libanius of Antioch, Themistius and the emperor Julian. He is the author of a number of papers dealing with these topics, and has edited the volume The Purposes of Rhetoric in Late Antiquity. From Exegesis to Performance (Tübingen 2013). ÁLvaRO SÁNCHEZ-OSTIZ is Lecturer in Latin at the University of Navarra. His main research fields are late Latin historiography and poetry, as well as social and literary bilingualism in the Roman world. He has published an edition of the Anonymus de rebus bellicis with commentary, and several papers on Ammianus and Claudian. He is part of the research group GRAE- CAPTA, which examines the interrelations between Latin and Greek litera- ture and culture. JAN R. STengeR is Douglas MacDowell Professor of Greek at the Univer- sity of Glasgow and also member of the Cluster of Excellence Topoi, Berlin. His main fields of research are Greek lyric poetry, especially choral lyric, 12 ExClass Anejo VII, 2016 BEGINNING AND END and the Greek literature of late antiquity. He is especially interested in the relationship between Christianity and classical culture in the fourth century and in sixth-century Gaza. Stenger’s publications include monographs on the Greek poet Bacchylides and on identity construction in late antiquity (Hellenische Identität in der Spätantike, Berlin 2009), as well as articles on Libanius, John Chrysostom and Choricius of Gaza. JOSÉ B. TORRES GUERRA is Professor of Ancient Greek at the University of Navarra. He wrote his doctoral thesis on the Homeric Thebaid as source of Iliad
Recommended publications
  • Hadrian and the Greek East
    HADRIAN AND THE GREEK EAST: IMPERIAL POLICY AND COMMUNICATION DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Demetrios Kritsotakis, B.A, M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2008 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Fritz Graf, Adviser Professor Tom Hawkins ____________________________ Professor Anthony Kaldellis Adviser Greek and Latin Graduate Program Copyright by Demetrios Kritsotakis 2008 ABSTRACT The Roman Emperor Hadrian pursued a policy of unification of the vast Empire. After his accession, he abandoned the expansionist policy of his predecessor Trajan and focused on securing the frontiers of the empire and on maintaining its stability. Of the utmost importance was the further integration and participation in his program of the peoples of the Greek East, especially of the Greek mainland and Asia Minor. Hadrian now invited them to become active members of the empire. By his lengthy travels and benefactions to the people of the region and by the creation of the Panhellenion, Hadrian attempted to create a second center of the Empire. Rome, in the West, was the first center; now a second one, in the East, would draw together the Greek people on both sides of the Aegean Sea. Thus he could accelerate the unification of the empire by focusing on its two most important elements, Romans and Greeks. Hadrian channeled his intentions in a number of ways, including the use of specific iconographical types on the coinage of his reign and religious language and themes in his interactions with the Greeks. In both cases it becomes evident that the Greeks not only understood his messages, but they also reacted in a positive way.
    [Show full text]
  • Press Release a Tribute To... Award to German Director Tom Tykwer One
    Press Release A Tribute to... Award to German Director Tom Tykwer One of Europe’s Most Versatile Directors August 24, 2012 This year’s A Tribute to... award goes to author, director and producer Tom Tykwer. This is the first time that a German filmmaker has ever received one of the Zurich Film Festival’s honorary awards. Tykwer will collect his award in person during the Award Night at the Zurich Opera House. The ZFF will screen his most important films in a retrospective held at the Filmpodium. The ZFF is delighted that one of Europe’s most versatile directors is coming to Zurich. “Tom Tykwer has ensured that German film has once more gained in renown, significance and innovation, both on a national and international level,” said the festival management. Born 1965 in Wuppertal, Tom Tykwer shot his first feature DEADLY MARIA in 1993. He founded the X Filme Creative Pool in 1994 together with Stefan Arndt and the directors Wolfgang Becker and Dani Levy. It is currently one of Germany’s most successful production and distribution companies. RUN LOLA RUN Tykwer’s second cinema feature WINTER SLEEPERS (1997) was screened in competition at the Locarno Film Festival. RUN LOLA RUN followed in 1998, with Franka Potente and Moritz Bleibtreu finding themselves as the protagonists in a huge international success. The film won numerous awards, including the Deutscher Filmpreis in Gold for best directing. Next came THE PRINCESS AND THE WARRIOR (2000), also with Frank Potente, followed by Tykwer’s fist English language production HEAVEN (2002), which is based on a screenplay by the Polish director Krzysztof Kieslowski and stars Cate Blanchett and Giovanni Ribisi.
    [Show full text]
  • Philological and Historical Commentary on Ammianus Marcellinus XXVI
    Philological and Historical Commentary on Ammianus Marcellinus XXVI Philological and Historical Commentary on Ammianus Marcellinus XXVI By J. den Boeft, J.W. Drijvers, D. den Hengst and H.C. Teitler LEIDEN • BOSTON 2008 This book is printed on acid-free paper. A Cataloging-in-Publication record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN: 978 90 04 16212 9 Copyright 2008 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in aretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. printed in the netherlands CONTENTS Preface ................................. vii Introduction ........................... ix A noteonchronology ................. xv Legenda ................................ xxvii Commentary on Chapter 1 ........... 1 Commentary on Chapter 2 ........... 37 Commentary on Chapter 3 ........... 59 Commentary on Chapter 4 ........... 75 Commentary on Chapter 5 ........... 93 Commentary on Chapter 6 ........... 125 Commentary on Chapter 7
    [Show full text]
  • Roman-Barbarian Marriages in the Late Empire R.C
    ROMAN-BARBARIAN MARRIAGES IN THE LATE EMPIRE R.C. Blockley In 1964 Rosario Soraci published a study of conubia between Romans and Germans from the fourth to the sixth century A.D.1 Although the title of the work might suggest that its concern was to be with such marriages through- out the period, in fact its aim was much more restricted. Beginning with a law issued by Valentinian I in 370 or 373 to the magister equitum Theodosius (C.Th. 3.14.1), which banned on pain of death all marriages between Roman pro- vincials and barbarae or gentiles, Soraci, after assessing the context and intent of the law, proceeded to discuss its influence upon the practices of the Germanic kingdoms which succeeded the Roman Empire in the West. The text of the law reads: Nulli provineialium, cuiuscumque ordinis aut loci fuerit, cum bar- bara sit uxore coniugium, nec ulli gentilium provinciales femina copuletur. Quod si quae inter provinciales atque gentiles adfinitates ex huiusmodi nuptiis extiterit, quod in his suspectum vel noxium detegitur, capitaliter expietur. This was regarded by Soraci not as a general banning law but rather as a lim- ited attempt, in the context of current hostilities with the Alamanni, to keep those barbarians serving the Empire (gentiles)isolated from the general Roman 2 populace. The German lawmakers, however, exemplified by Alaric in his 63 64 interpretatio,3 took it as a general banning law and applied it in this spir- it, so that it became the basis for the prohibition under the Germanic king- doms of intermarriage between Romans and Germans.
    [Show full text]
  • Scobol Solo 2020 Packet 6
    Scobol Solo 2020 PORTA Packet 6 (Round 6) NIGRA 1. If these mathematical things are locally equal to a convergent power series, then they are called “analytic”. Solutions to differential equations are these things. These things, which are not matrices, can only be invertible if they are bijective [by-JEK-tiv], which means they must be both one-to-one and onto. These things are relations whose graphs pass the vertical line test because each input corresponds to a single output. Name these entities that map their domain to their range. Answer: functions [prompt on mappings] 2. In a short story by this writer, a couple boards a train in San Antonio just after getting married. That story is about a rivalry between the policeman Jack Potter and the gun·slinger Scratchy Wilson, and it ends with Wilson deciding not to kill Potter. A novel by this author begins with a soldier going to wash a shirt and returning with news that his military company is going to move. In that novel, this author wrote about Jim Conklin dying after being shot, and the title character being hit in the head with a rifle, creating the novel’s title injury. Name this author of “The Bride Comes toYellow Sky” who wrote about Henry Fleming in The Red Badge of Courage. Answer: Stephen Crane 3. As U.S. president, this person signed the Military Peace Establishment Act, which created West Point Military Academy. A dispute with Britain led to this president signing the Non-Importation Act, and he signed a stronger law after the Chesapeake-Leopard affair.
    [Show full text]
  • Barbarians of the Black Sea Region in the Struggle Between Constantine I and Licinius
    BARBARIANS OF THE BLACK SEA REGION IN THE STRUGGLE BETWEEN CONSTANTINE I AND LICINIUS Sergey Vladimirovich YARTSEV Olga Igorevna KRAYUSHKINA Introduction This article is dedicated to the complicated question of the role and the significance of barbarians in the struggle between emperors Constantine I and Licinius I. Most of the facts we know are from various written sources about the two Augusts’ confrontation, and can be used to draw certain conclusions about the sequence of events. The most important of these events are the attack of the Sauromatus barbarians from Palus Maeotis, led by their king Rausimodus, against Constantine’s estate (at an unspecified date shortly before 323 AD) and the Gothic invasion in 323 AD. It is not unlikely that both these invasions were connected with plots hatched by Licinius. At the beginning, the march of Rausimodus, king of the Sauromatus to the Empire’s borders could be related to the fighting within the Roman state.1 It is very likely that this was one of the last attempts by barbarians to arrange a predatory aggression using a Bosporan fleet. Chapter 53 of Constantine Porphyrogenitus’ treatise De Administrando Imperio named Ιστορία περί τοΰ κάστρου Χερσώνος [Story of the city of Cherson] is a very specific source. It includes five different plotlines that tell us about events of ancient Crimean history. However, the information in this source is quite difficult to understand and to interpret. The main complications for the author were that the events in the text are unique and were written in a time distant from Constatine’s epoch.
    [Show full text]
  • Emperors and Generals in the Fourth Century Doug Lee Roman
    Emperors and Generals in the Fourth Century Doug Lee Roman emperors had always been conscious of the political power of the military establishment. In his well-known assessment of the secrets of Augustus’ success, Tacitus observed that he had “won over the soldiers with gifts”,1 while Septimius Severus is famously reported to have advised his sons to “be harmonious, enrich the soldiers, and despise the rest”.2 Since both men had gained power after fiercely contested periods of civil war, it is hardly surprising that they were mindful of the importance of conciliating this particular constituency. Emperors’ awareness of this can only have been intensified by the prolonged and repeated incidence of civil war during the mid third century, as well as by emperors themselves increasingly coming from military backgrounds during this period. At the same time, the sheer frequency with which armies were able to make and unmake emperors in the mid third century must have served to reinforce soldiers’ sense of their potential to influence the empire’s affairs and extract concessions from emperors. The stage was thus set for a fourth century in which the stakes were high in relations between emperors and the military, with a distinct risk that, if those relations were not handled judiciously, the empire might fragment, as it almost did in the 260s and 270s. 1 Tac. Ann. 1.2. 2 Cass. Dio 76.15.2. Just as emperors of earlier centuries had taken care to conciliate the rank and file by various means,3 so too fourth-century emperors deployed a range of measures designed to win and retain the loyalties of the soldiery.
    [Show full text]
  • Georgios Kalafikis Ammianus Marcellinus on the Military Strategy
    Georgios Kalafikis Ammianus Marcellinus on the Military Strategy of the emperor Valentinian I (364-375 AD): General Principles and Implementation* The purpose of this article is to focus on aspects of Late Roman strategy during the 4th century AD and more particularly in the reign of the emperor Flavius Valentinianus (364-375 AD). In attempting this, modern science will afford the theoretical background, since the pro- cessing and the consequent interpretation of the relevant evidence are based on the science of strategic studies. Only a balanced blending of Late Antiquity sources and contemporary science can lead us to correct conclusions in the best possible or feasible way; the first provide us with the “raw material”, while the latter offers to us a “key to understanding”. The strategy performed by Roman emperors of the 3rd and the 4th centu- ries AD is an enticing question, which I have already dealt in detail while preparing my doctoral thesis on the organization of the Late Ro- man Army1. This paper relies on additional evidence gathered about the strategy of the 4th century AD. I aspire to publish in due time all the rel- * This article partially rests on a paper presented in Greek at the 34th Pan-Hellenic History Conference held at Thessaloniki (May 31 – June 2, 2013) under the title “Στρα- τηγικός σχεδιασμός των αυτοκρατόρων Βαλεντινιανού Α΄ και Βάλη (364-378 μ.Χ.): σχετικές μαρτυρίες των πηγών [Strategic Planning of the Emperors Valentinian I and Valens (364-378 AD): Evidence on relevant Sources]”. I wish to express my gratitude to both Mrs.
    [Show full text]
  • Archaeology and History of Lydia from the Early Lydian Period to Late Antiquity (8Th Century B.C.-6Th Century A.D.)
    Dokuz Eylül University – DEU The Research Center for the Archaeology of Western Anatolia – EKVAM Colloquia Anatolica et Aegaea Congressus internationales Smyrnenses IX Archaeology and history of Lydia from the early Lydian period to late antiquity (8th century B.C.-6th century A.D.). An international symposium May 17-18, 2017 / Izmir, Turkey ABSTRACTS Edited by Ergün Laflı Gülseren Kan Şahin Last Update: 21/04/2017. Izmir, May 2017 Websites: https://independent.academia.edu/TheLydiaSymposium https://www.researchgate.net/profile/The_Lydia_Symposium 1 This symposium has been dedicated to Roberto Gusmani (1935-2009) and Peter Herrmann (1927-2002) due to their pioneering works on the archaeology and history of ancient Lydia. Fig. 1: Map of Lydia and neighbouring areas in western Asia Minor (S. Patacı, 2017). 2 Table of contents Ergün Laflı, An introduction to Lydian studies: Editorial remarks to the abstract booklet of the Lydia Symposium....................................................................................................................................................8-9. Nihal Akıllı, Protohistorical excavations at Hastane Höyük in Akhisar………………………………10. Sedat Akkurnaz, New examples of Archaic architectural terracottas from Lydia………………………..11. Gülseren Alkış Yazıcı, Some remarks on the ancient religions of Lydia……………………………….12. Elif Alten, Revolt of Achaeus against Antiochus III the Great and the siege of Sardis, based on classical textual, epigraphic and numismatic evidence………………………………………………………………....13. Gaetano Arena, Heleis: A chief doctor in Roman Lydia…….……………………………………....14. Ilias N. Arnaoutoglou, Κοινὸν, συμβίωσις: Associations in Hellenistic and Roman Lydia……….……..15. Eirini Artemi, The role of Ephesus in the late antiquity from the period of Diocletian to A.D. 449, the “Robber Synod”.……………………………………………………………………….………...16. Natalia S. Astashova, Anatolian pottery from Panticapaeum…………………………………….17-18. Ayşegül Aykurt, Minoan presence in western Anatolia……………………………………………...19.
    [Show full text]
  • Course Outline
    Prof. Fatima Naqvi German 01:470:360:01; cross-listed with 01:175:377:01 (Core approval only for 470:360:01!) Fall 2018 Tu 2nd + 3rd Period (9:50-12:30), Scott Hall 114 [email protected] Office hour: Tu 1:10-2:30, New Academic Building or by appointment, Rm. 4130 (4th Floor) Classics of German Cinema: From Haunted Screen to Hyperreality Description: This course introduces students to canonical films of the Weimar, Nazi, post-war and post-wall period. In exploring issues of class, gender, nation, and conflict by means of close analysis, the course seeks to sensitize students to the cultural context of these films and the changing socio-political and historical climates in which they arose. Special attention will be paid to the issue of film style. We will also reflect on what constitutes the “canon” when discussing films, especially those of recent vintage. Directors include Robert Wiene, F.W. Murnau, Fritz Lang, Lotte Reiniger, Leni Riefenstahl, Alexander Kluge, Volker Schlöndorff, Werner Herzog, Wim Wenders, Rainer Werner Fassbinder, Andreas Dresen, Christian Petzold, Jessica Hausner, Michael Haneke, Angela Schanelec, Barbara Albert. The films are available at the Douglass Media Center for viewing. Taught in English. Required Texts: Anton Kaes, M ISBN-13: 978-0851703701 Recommended Texts (on reserve at Alexander Library): Timothy Corrigan, A Short Guide to Writing about Film Rob Burns (ed.), German Cultural Studies Lotte Eisner, The Haunted Screen Sigmund Freud, Writings on Art and Literature Siegfried Kracauer, From Caligari to Hitler Anton Kaes, Shell Shock Cinema: Weimar Cinema and the Wounds of War Noah Isenberg, Weimar Cinema Gerd Gemünden, Continental Strangers Gerd Gemünden, A Foreign Affair: Billy Wilder’s American Films Sabine Hake, German National Cinema Béla Balász, Early Film Theory Siegfried Kracauer, The Mass Ornament Brad Prager, The Cinema of Werner Herzog Eric Ames, Ferocious Reality: Documentary according to Werner Herzog Eric Ames, Werner Herzog: Interviews N.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1 Barbarian Agency and Imperial Withdrawal: the Causes And
    Chapter 1 Barbarian agency and imperial withdrawal: the causes and consequences of political change in fourth- and fifth-century Trier and Cologne Introduction Snapshots from the years 310, 410, and 510 reveal that the political landscape of the Rhineland changed almost beyond recognition over the course of three centuries. In 310 AD, Trier was one of the foremost cities of the Roman Empire, acting as a main residence of the Emperor Constantine and the seat of the Gallic praetorian prefecture. In Cologne, meanwhile, the completion of the fortress of Divitia just across the Rhine reinforced the city’s significance in the context of imperial defensive strategy. By 410 AD, however, both the imperial residence and the praetorian prefecture had been removed from Trier, and many frontier troops who had been stationed near Cologne were gone. The Rhineland had suffered an apparently devastating barbarian invasion, that of the Vandals, Alans, and Sueves in 406, and was to face many more attacks in the coming half-century. After the invasion, the legitimate emperors were never to re- establish their firm control in the region, and the reign of the usurper Constantine III (407 - 411) marked the last period of effective imperial rule. Around 510 AD, the last vestiges of imperial political power had vanished, and both Trier and Cologne were part of the Frankish kingdom of Clovis. The speed and extent of this change must have dramatically affected many aspects of life within the cities, and, as such, it is crucial that we seek to understand what brought it about. In so doing, we must consider the fundamental question of whether responsibility for the collapse of imperial power in the Rhineland ultimately lies with the imperial authorities themselves, who withdrew from the region, or with the 11 various barbarian groups, who launched attacks on the frontier provinces and undermined the Empire’s control.
    [Show full text]
  • Basil the Great: Faith, Mission and Diplomacy in the Shaping of Christian Doctrine
    Basil the Great: Faith, Mission and Diplomacy in the Shaping of Christian Doctrine Regarded as one of the three hierarchs or pillars of orthodoxy along with Gregory of Nazianzus and John Chrysostom, Basil is a key figure in the formative process of Christianity in the fourth century. While his role in establishing Trinitarian termi- nology, as well as his function in shaping monasticism, his social thought and even his contribution to the evolution of liturgical forms have been the focus of research for many years, there are few studies which centre on his political thought. Basil played a major role in the political and religious life between Cappadocia and Armenia and was a key figure in the tumultuous relationship between Church and State in Late Antiquity. He was a great religious leader and a gifted diplomat, and developed a ‘special relationship’ with Emperor Valens and other high imperial officials. Nicu Dumitraşcu is currently professor of Patristics, Mission and Ecumenism at the Faculty of Orthodox Theology ‘Episcop Dr. Vasile Coman’, University of Oradea, Romania. He is widely published in several journals worldwide. His most recent books include Christian Family and Contemporary Society (2014), and The Ecumenical Legacy of the Cappadocians (Collected Essays) (2015). Basil the Great: Faith, Mission and Diplomacy in the Shaping of Christian Doctrine Nicu Dumitrașcu First published 2018 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2018 Nicu Dumitrașcu The right of Nicu Dumitrașcu to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
    [Show full text]