HUMANİSTİC İDEAS and the İMAGE of a STRUGGLİNG HUMAN BEİNG İN the WORK of SULEYMAN VALİYEV Faig Shirinov1

Periódico do Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre Gênero e Direito Centro de Ciências Jurídicas - Universidade Federal da Paraíba V. 9 - Nº 02 - Ano 2020 ISSN | 2179-7137 | http://periodicos.ufpb.br/ojs2/index.php/ged/index

782 HUMANİSTİC İDEAS AND THE İMAGE OF A STRUGGLİNG HUMAN BEİNG İN THE WORK OF SULEYMAN VALİYEV Faig Shirinov1

Abstract: The article is devoted to the As in the history of the XX work of Suleyman Valiyev, one of the century, the fate of the people of prominent representatives of XX century Azerbaijan is remembered by Azerbaijani literature. The article notes spectacular events, deep contradictions that the images created by the writer are and conflicts, revolutions and overturns. distinguished by their vitality, emotional The liberation of the peoples from the and psychological sensitivity. The article “Tsar's prison” as a result of the collapse analyzes the peculiarities of humanistic of the Russian tsarism and the colonial ideas that are reflected in the work of system as a result of the First World War, Suleyman Valiyev, and presents a as well as the national freedom struggle system of positive and negative images, of the Azerbaijani people have been in which are analyzed in the philological this century. The deep crisis of the aspect. The image of a struggling human capitalist system and the emergence of being that is the leitmotif of a prominent terrible totalitarian regimes - Fascism writer's works is characterized by special and Stalinism are also the results of the professionalism and clarified the main XX century. Due to the scale and horrific characteristic of its core. consequences of World War II launched by German fascism, it has caused Keywords: an international theme, an unprecedented disasters in human active hero, the concept of a struggling history. Not only wars but also human, Arabic stories, the writer's ideal revolutions, repressions and exiles, mass murders and massacres, caused by war Introduction and total socio-political clashes, are indicative of the tragedies of mankind.

1 Teacher of the Department of the Azerbaijani Language and its Teaching Methods of Sumgait State University .E-mail: faiqş[email protected]. ORCİD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4639-3052

783 The struggle of the Azerbaijani era. This is one of the key factors that people for national freedom, their make the topic relevant. struggle for their national identity and Contemporary literary criticism their homeland, modern society and revisits the creativity of representatives state-building have taken place in such of XX century literature, in terms of complex historical circumstances. Azerbaijani ideology and artistic values, Contemporary Azerbaijani culture, art it places a value on the classics and and literature were formed directly under engages in its analysis. “When the influence of global events occurring evaluating the personality, activities, and in the external world, while also resisting works of any creative person, it is these influences. It is no coincidence that necessary to take into account the in the XX century, the Azerbaijani historical conditions and environment of people, despite great losses and deep his creative work. It is not possible to tragedies, continued the history of the correct or fix either literature or history coup, proven a great national identity of people as much as our heart desires in and gone through a great development. terms of the realities and demands of These difficulties of national history today. History is history, together with were written by Azerbaijani writers and its pros and cons. The main task is to reflected in the literature. analyze it from the point of view of the One of the prominent writers of modern requirements, new national Azerbaijani literature is Suleyman methodology, modern theoretical and Valiyev. Suleyman Valiyev (1916-1996) aesthetic principles of world literature, to is an Azerbaijani writer with a wealth of consider the pros and cons of planning creativity and author of four novels, our future work. The study and historical dozens of narratives, memoir, over a evaluation of Suleyman Valiyev's work hundred stories and essays. He lived in in terms of the demands of national the Soviet era, saw the pains and ideology and modern literary criticism is contradictions of his time, and reflected also relevant. in his creativity. The writer's creativity, in general, reflects all the stages of the Development Azerbaijani people's life in the Soviet

784 Description of research. flew” [Мотяшов И., 1986] in The creativity of the Azerbaijani language. At the same time, outstanding Azerbaijani writer of the XX it should be noted that the large-scale century Suleyman Valiyev has not been creativity of Suleyman Valiyev is not widely studied, although it has attracted widely investigated in literary criticism the attention of literary criticism of its and literary studies. Research shows that time. Much has been said about the this is largely due to the difficult life of writer's successes in more prose articles. the writer during the Soviet era. At the same time, literary critics [Yahya Although the works of the writer during Seyidov,1954], [Bakir Nabiyev,1970], the Soviet period were marked by the [Jamal Ahmadov,1989] and critics bitter truths of war, exile, moral [Suleyman Rahimov, 1976], [Abulhasan repression, and the environment of Alakbarzada, 1974], [Famil ideological lies, the interest in the writer Mehdi,1983], [Ali Sabri,1962] and other has been formally mentioned, it has not writers have published articles about been specifically stated. During some of Suleyman Valiyev's works. His independence, Suleyman Valiyev was works have been published in tens of unfairly forgotten as a “Soviet writer” of thousands of languages both in his past and his creativity was left out of Azerbaijani and Russian language, and the study. The research revealed the need have won the sympathy of a wide for a thorough study of the writer's readership. In this regard, Russian creativity and a re-evaluation in the light literary criticism also aroused interest in of modern Azerbaijani ideology. Suleyman Valiyev [Овчаренко А.И., Suleyman Valiyev's stories 1968]. Georgi Markov, chairman of the about the life of the Arab peoples are not Soviet Union of Writers, spoke at the IV just stories that are included in the book Congress of Writers about the creativity of “The Fig Tree”, the writer continued of Suleyman Valiyev [Марков Г. О, this topic in the following years, writing 1983], he also wrote the preface to his stories such as "The Nile Water" “Selected works” [Мотяшов И., 1986] (Suleyman Valiyev, 1953), "The Dream in Russian language, and also to the book of the Fallah" (Suleyman Valiyev, 1958), of “The bird with the wing broken also "A bunch of Grape" (Suleyman Valiyev,

785 1961), "Shilla" (Suleyman Valiyev, constantly tries to live with "It does not 1969) and others. As the literary critic bother me, they do whatever they do, no points out: “Arab stories” by Suleyman matter what I do! I am only a Valiyev are particularly different. photographer, and I am" psychology. But During his time in Arab countries, he that doesn't work out for him. He studied the customs and traditions of the surprised when he saw a pregnant local people and published books such as woman who took a picture with her "Fig Tree", "A sahang of Water", husband among a group of prisoners "Rainfall". The Arabs' hard way of life, passing by. When he met his mother, it the colonialists' plundering of the Arab was revealed that the photographer was world for centuries, the awakening of guilty of the woman's capture. Lu De-sin Arabs' feelings of imperialism, ignored the request and posted that oppression and colonization contain beautiful photo on the showcase, and the specific artistic details and human detective who followed the picture characters in these stories. S.Valiyev's pursued the woman. Although the story books about Arab life were highly ends with a schematic ending, the writer appreciated in the progressive Arabic embodies the struggle of the human press. mind. To correct his mistake, Lu De-sin The story of Suleyman joins the crowd protesting the detective, Valiyev's international story, "Picture," participating in the rescue of the (Suleyman Valiyev, 1956) speaks of the prisoners. Chinese people's struggle for freedom. The “Turkish Girl” narrative As in the "Arab stories", the writer (Suleyman Valiyev, 1962) has also been follows the struggle of the people in their written internationally. In the story, individual fate. Even the fact that an Gulbahar, Tofig, and in general, Turkish individual who has withdrawn himself students are embraced by the true from the common struggle willingly Turkish character. Although the joins with his people, is reflected in the narrative focuses on Soviet ideology, story. Lu De-sin is a photographer, trying exposing the regimes that dominated to turn a blind eye to the injustice and capitalist countries, the author creates the oppression that surrounds him, and image of brave and humanistic Turkish

786 youth in the face of the mainstream. The human ideas and human observation author considers the plunder against the have not been systematically analyzed, Greeks in Istanbul an act of American which draws attention to the relevance imperialism. “On the streets, Americans and importance of research. are becoming more and more noticeable every day. As if they are the lords of Methodological Bases of Research. these places. I do not like it. Suddenly, Various methods were used in our independence may be taken away. the study, including comparative This objection, which is urgent, also analysis and description of artistic shows Gulbahar's actions. The Greek images. The study relied on the girl, who accidentally took refuge in her scientific-theoretical experience of home during the plunder, rescues Diana modern Azerbaijani literary criticism and hides in the village of her aunt's and applied to a number of researchers, house. This act, which also reflects the including Suleyman Valiyev's method of humanistic nature of Turkish, is also creating a literary portrait. The scientific reaped: “The Turkish girl who saved my and methodological basis of the research life extends a helping hand to my family is the views that are generally important too!” When the plunderers attacked the of prominent scientists, literary critics, shop, he blamed himself for his hatred of and scientists. the Turks: “I made a mistake. There is no fault of the people. There are many Dıscussıon people like Gulbahar. She is a true After returning from repression Turkish girl!” (Suleyman Valiyev, Suleyman Valiyev presents his book 1962). Although Gulbahar herself is "The fig tree" to his readers. In the stories imprisoned, she does not give up, and in of "The fig tree" (Suleyman Valiyev, prison, she meets various people against 1958), "Rainfall" (Suleyman Valiyev, the despotic regime. Gulbahar is also 1958), "The garden of paradise" freed by the protests of rising university (Suleyman Valiyev, 1958), "The students. Although Sulayman Valiyev's Destroyed Land" (Suleyman Valiyev, literary-artistic heritage has been 1958) and other stories, the writer saw repeatedly explored by literary critics, the lives of the heroes of the lower ranks

787 of the Arab people, but at the same time, people, and you want to kill your own colonialism. Suleyman Valiyev remains blood brother. Are you and those of you committed to his concept of a human who are not the same aliens who put you being and he creates patriotic characters in these miserable days?” At the same such as Mahmud, Gazanfar, Durra, Jalal time, he brings his lover in front of his and others who disagree with their eyes and not separating the young, thus position in these stories. decides to run away from Cairo. The end The protagonist of “The fig of the story ends with optimism. tree” story, Mahmoud, was miserable Returning to Cairo on a sunny day, due to unemployment and he lost interest Mahmud joins the crowd around the fig in life after losing his wife. Mahmud's tree he once met with his lover. "One of situation is so miserable that he was even the brave men who freed Cairo" was jealous of a barefoot person with a delivering a speech that "that young bicycle cart, “If he is suffering now, his man" speaks. No matter who he is, stomach will soon be full.” When he Mahmud is proud of his contribution to begs his God, a stranger tells him to help the freedom struggle, not being misled his driver, even wondering if such “a by a foreigner. body man” is unemployed. He charmed The events in the "Rainfall" Mahmud with the "chocolate he pulled story take place in Qatar, It describes the out of his pocket", promising a job and selflessness of Durra, who dives into the taking it with him. He feeds him well and sea in rainfall to rescue Gazanfar from shows the man who will kill him as a prison, who was arrested for disobeying hired killer. Looking out the door and his master. The events in “The garden of saw that the man who was going to kill paradise” are taking place in Iraq, they was talking to a young girl about want to persuade Yusif to tell every word freedom and about the people's of Saleh, his rector, who is his assistant. tomorrow, Mahmud is experiencing He refuses and choose to go to jail, but psychological concussion: “He is they can't afford to miss the "The garden working for the freedom of the people. of paradise" where he admires. A year He is the brave of Cairo. You are sold to later, "the fate of the Iraqi Republic took a foreigner who drinks the blood of his over", and he and his family became

788 permanent residents of "The garden of her aunt Khadija, her uncle Salim, Nur's paradise". In the story of "The Destroyed lover Anisa and her artist mother Land," Port-said Jalal convinces them to Kibriya, Nur's Jewish friend Khaim and offer his services to the English as a his family, his surgeon father Abram "spy," saying he has found weapons Stein, Nasir of the resistance movement storage and brings officers and soldiers leaders, members Sadig, Zahir, Sara, the into his hut. The demolition of the mined leader of the movement Mohammed old land is symbolic and proclaims the Habibi and others give a clear view of the day of the liberation of the people. conflict zone in their open and covert In his 1980 novel, “Bloody activities against the Governor of Gaza land”, (Suleyman Valiyev, 5) Suleyman city and his regime's oppression and Valiyev talks about a conflict between injustice. Jews and Palestinians over another Nur's family lives in a small conflict that is urgent in the international room with a small window. His father, arena. The novel primarily talks about Khalil, is involved in pottery, and his the Palestinian people's struggle for sons help him in this. His elder son Asim freedom, while also promoting the idea and daughter-in-law Shahla join the of friendship between the Arab and resistance movement. At Khalil's wife Jewish people against Zionism. The Kamil's advice, he get land from seaside wide-ranging novel was able to vividly from his brother-in-law Salim in Gaza illustrate the events taking place in and builds a beautiful home. It brings joy Palestine through dozens of pictures, the to the family. But the joy is short-lived, gradual seizure of Zionists and the city governor Guberman offers Khalil to oppression of the Palestinian people, build such kind of home, in return of Palestinians' bitter fate, poverty, wealth. When he reports that he is not a unemployment, and unification in the stonemason Khalil is arrested and he is resistance movement, and their struggle tortured, the house is taken from the for freedom in a single front. At the family. Nur enters a secret resistance centre of the novel is Nur and his family: movement, fulfilling important tasks, his father Khalil, his mother Kamila, his even though selling it to kufa in the city. elder brother Asim and his lover Shahla, He met Anisa at a meeting organized by

789 her, and then this friendship became enemy's headquarters, is ruined by a love. Although he and Khaim have huge explosion. strong ties, Anisa and aunt Khadica are As you can see, the novel uses urged to be cautious against Khaim. the metaphor that the writer uses in the Though doubtful until the end of the story of "The Destroyed Land". Khalil's novel, this friendship is put to the test. house symbolizes the entire homeland. Khaim's father, Abram, is an As a result of the Zionists' evil deeds, accomplished surgeon and is well- their native land became a bloody place. known in the upper circles. He refuses Nur wants to root the conflict by blowing when they give Nur's house to him. up the house. The writer sees the Instead, Guberman turned his house into salvation of the homeland in the a Zionist military headquarters. Khaim goodwill of the Jewish and Arab peoples, also reports Nur that many weapons and and in the establishment of right and rolling bombs were brought here. The justice. Nur and Khaim's friendship also mystery unfolds, and it turns out that symbolizes this. The end of the novel has Khaim really loves the daughter of a a profound effect. As an inspiration to police officer, but they both hate the Nur's eye, Anisa and Khaim come to Zionism. The police's attempt to use the aid of the boat from the sea. “Nur Khaim as a spy is worthless. On the examines the environment. Their homes contrary, through the intention of Khaim were bombed. “But what about myself? Nur, who deliberately agrees, he Maybe I'm not alive? Is this the end of constantly warns the resistance life? May be. Anyway, a piece of fire can movement against the dangers. Against burn. Then the soil will swallow me up the news brought by Khaim, Nur is and turn me into a sunflower or a fig preparing an operation with Nasir's tree.” There are many people around. leadership. Under the pretext of fishing They came out for a show. When he first in the sea, he approaches his home and caught up with Anisa's arm and met him, puts dynamite on the back. The home "Freedom, freedom!" he shouts. that his father built with his own hands Suddenly he looks around as if he has and labour, but now turned into the woken asleep. The fig tree grows in front of his eyes. Although the novel ends, the

790 writer believes that the bloody quarrel Japanese silk and spun in front of the has come to an end, and that peace will mirror. The dress suits her. The girl had soon be established in Palestine. just heard about it. Seeing her face in the The works written by Suleyman mirror, her eyebrows, her large, brown Valiyev on the international issue arouse eyes, her black spots on her cheek, and the writer's confidence in the mind and her smile, she realized that those who say belief of the modern man, and artfully "beautiful girl" are not mistaken. No demonstrate his great confidence in the matter how heartwarming these words future of humanity. The future of a free were, they were offensive to Gulbahar. and happy future - is an expression of the Only her student friend Tofig could catch writer's ideal. One of the most important the proud girl's heart. She liked the boy's means of expression of the poetry of good character and friendly attitude...” Suleyman Valiyev is the portrait and [Valiyev S., 1957]. landscape. The writer used both elements The main negative image in the of artistic expression in all his works, novel "Bloody Land" is that of without exception. In his works, Guberman's portrait is in conflict with Suleyman Valiyev strives to achieve both external and internal qualities: “The unity by creating both the character and governor was a middle-aged and average the inner portrait of the heroes and man of high stature. The colour is white. images. The exterior portrait fits the He seemed to have a powder on his face. character of the image and complements He had no hair, no wrinkles on his face. it. The writer in the "Turkish Girl" He had brown combed hair that is tidy. narrative creates a broad portrait of the He wears glasses with a golden frame. hero in several paragraphs before There was no sign of malice in his eyes. moving on to plot and events. It also The governor's calm, the gentle attitude presents the image of a "girl in love" in had a strange effect on everyone. He did coherence with the exterior and interior not look like a cruel man. He probably portraits: “Gulbahar, who does not like can not even want to cut his chicken to be served as a modern girl, has head. However, the Palestinians gave the changed a bit. She wore the most governor “Prisoner Colonel” name.” expensive outfit made of colourful [Valiyev S., 1957].

791 Suleyman Valiyev tried to paint life like Mustafa and had seen many a portrait of all the characters he had places...” [Valiyev S., 1957]. described in his works. In addition to In the novel "The Fountain of extensive portraits, he also creates the Stone" the image of the sweeper is as characters with several portraits images. important as the image of the writer: In the narrative of “The Shor jullutu”, “Drugova was a young woman with a Gulu's revolutionary friend, Vasili, is an lean, small, skinny face. At first, the episodic character, but the compact person was not impressed. However, portrait character makes it a typical those who knew Anna well-liked her. representation of the labour movement: There was such respect among the “Vasili was five years younger than employees, as if she was the director. Gulu, and he was forty years old. But She was very demanding. If she could there was so much suffering that he was see someone smashing his cigarette in getting older, and that the hair on his the ground and entering inside without head was losing and white. Vasili was cleaning his boot, she would report. It originally from Moscow, but he was was difficult for her to find fault.” living in his native country very little, [Valiyev S, 1983]. In general, the writer and he was exiled to Siberia with his does not portray image art without a young wife and two-year-old daughter portrait. In general, Suleyman Valiyev's because of his active involvement in the work can be viewed as a portrait gallery revolution. There his wife and then his of people of his time. daughter became ill and died. He could One of the elements that play not forget the terrible days in Siberia.” an important role in Sulayman Valiyev's The short portrait cartoon about Nina, expression style is the landscape. The whom Mustafa loved, in the "Mustache writer often refers to landscape works, Agha", becomes even more noting that he is not alone, but as the complementary to the character's natural background of events and the character: “Nina was a blonde, average, continuation of the mood of the blue-eyed girl. Although she was 25 characters. In the work of nature, nature years old, she had tasted all the pains of is revived as a human activity and landscape. Successful boards are an

792 expression of both the artist's own and history of the national life of more than the hero's feelings and emotions. In this half a century. As a result, Suleyman regard, each of Suleyman Valiyev's Valiyev's creativity created a unique works can be seen with dozens of concept of human struggle, reflecting the examples of nature as part of events. struggle of the time with the human, his Nevertheless, the novel "The Fountain of aspiration for the future, his self- the Stone", which is based on the determination and freedom. Suleyman relationship between human nature and Valiyev has written four novels, dozens the humanization of nature, is of narratives, over a hundred stories and particularly popular. The direct depiction essays, and has created his own creative of Siberian land and taiga forests is one style. of the characteristics that determine the Suleyman Valiyev, who has ideological and artistic effects of the witnessed great historical events, has work. In addition to analyzing and always stood in the way of modernity commenting on the creative style and and has spoken the word of time, he was poetry of Suleyman Valiyev, the study able to create the unity of history and examines the creation and modernity in his artistic works. implementation of the concept of a Formation of the writer's original human struggle in Suleyman Valiyev's creative poetry is directly related to his creative work and examines his works on active attitude to time. Just as it is the international subject. possible to learn the historical scenes of the XX century from the works of Conclusıons Suleyman Valiyev, the image of The creativity of Suleyman struggling human beings created are Valiyev occupies a special place in XX relevant and meet the requirements of century Azerbaijani literature. The modernity. Suleyman Valiyev's creative writer, who lived through the style reflects the simplicity and beauty of contradictions of the Soviet era, not only the Azerbaijani language, the richness brought about the innovations of the and variety of the means of expression. structure, but also described the The creativity of the writer is difficulties of his life, reflecting the distinguished by the genre, the plot and

793 composition, the depth and the artistic Sabri A.(1962). About Suleyman excellence, the depth of the artistic Valiyev. Valiyev S. A controversial city conflict and the integrity of the (the novel). Baku: Azernashr. expression. The modernity of the writer's ideas is reflected in vivid human Valiyev S.(1989). How I was raised // characters, characters and types, and still Valiyev S. The “bird with the wing maintains its relevance and importance broken” also flew. Baku: Ganjlik. today. Valiyev S. (1989). The bird with the Bibliographic References wing broken also flew. Baku: Ganjlik. Ahmadov B.(2015). XX century Azerbaijani Literature. Stages. Valiyev S (1983). The Fountain of the Directions. Problems. Baku: Science and stone. Baku: Ganjlik. Education. Valiyev S. (1959). Fig tree (stories, Alakbarzada A. The creative way // memories). Baku: Ushagganjnashr. Valiyev S. A controversial city (novel and narrative). Baku: Azernashr. Марков Г. (1968). Report at the fourth congress of the Union of Writers of the Mehdi F. Artist's power (1983). Valiyev USSR // Fourth congress of the Union of S. Selected works: 2 volume, I v., Baku: Writers of the USSR. Moscow: Soviet Writer. writer. Nabiyev B.(1986). Epic genre and modern life. // Azerbaijan Magazine, № Motyashov I. (1986). Foreword // 7 Suleiman Veliyev, A sip of water (novels and short stories) translation from Rahimov S.(1976). From worker to Azerbaijan. Moscow: Children's writer. // Literature and Art Newspaper, literature. 25 december.

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