Coal Distribution in the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Belly River Group of Southwest Saskatchewan

Home , Belly River Group

Saskatchewan Open File Report 2005-33 Industry and Resources

M.C. Frank

2006

T16

Hatton Pool T15

T14 Northern limit of Belly River top T13 below casing

T12

T11 Maple Creek T10

Oil-field Trend T7

T2 Southern limit of Belly River top below casing T1

R16 R15W3 R21 R20 R19 R18 R17 R30 R29 R28 R27 R26 R25 R24 R23 R22 Saskatchewan Open File Report 2005-33 Industry and Resources

Coal Distribution in the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Belly River Group of Southwest Saskatchewan

M.C. Frank

2006

19 48

Printed under the authority of the Minister of Industry and Resources

Although the Department of Industry and Resources has exercised all reasonable care in the compilation, interpretation, and production of this report, it is not possible to ensure total accuracy, and all persons who rely on the information contained herein do so at their own risk. The Department of Industry and Resources and the Government of Saskatchewan do not accept liability for any errors, omissions or inaccuracies that may be included in, or derived from, this report.

Cover: Net coal isopach map; 2 m contour interval. In the northwest and southwest corners of the map area, the Belly River top occurs above surface casing; thus, in these areas, isopach values represent minimum values only (see Figure 16, this report).

This report is available for viewing and additional copies are available for purchase at: Publications Office Saskatchewan Industry and Resources 2101 Scarth Street, 3rd floor Regina, SK S4P 3V7 (306) 787-2528 or FAX (306) 787-2488 E-mail: [email protected] and the Resident Geologists’ offices in La Ronge and Creighton.

Parts of this publication may be quoted if credit is given. It is recommended that reference to this report be made as follows:

Frank, M.C. (2006): Coal distribution in the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Belly River Group of southwest Saskatchewan; Sask. Industry Resources, Open File Rep. 2005-33, CD-ROM.

Reviewed by: M. Yurkowski

Prepared for publication by: C.L. Brown K. Geller M. Otterson

Manuscript received May 2005 Final revised manuscript received May 2005 Released April 2006

Saskatchewan Geological Survey

Saskatchewan Geological Survey ii Open File Report 2005-33

Executive Summary

The primary aim of this study was to map the distribution of coals within the Belly River Group of southwest Saskatchewan.

• Initial investigation of the Belly River Group in southwest Saskatchewan has identified coals in an area lying south of Tp 15 and west of Rge 20W3, with coal primarily concentrated in the upper part of the Belly River Group.

• Analysis of four cores in the study area show that 40 to 70% of the coal is missing from three of the cores. The remaining coal is dominated by shaly and dull coal lithotypes, with subordinate amounts of banded and bright coal. Cleat is generally well developed in bright coal, and becomes poorer to absent with increasing dullness and shaleyness.

• Based on core and well log analyses, the gamma-density-resistivity log suite is the most appropriate for identifying coal, and only this log suite was used in this study.

• The top of the Belly River Group cannot be identified using the preferred log suite in the majority of wells in the north, northwest, and far south corner of study area. This is because wells were cased to below the Bearpaw/Belly River contact, and/or logs were not run high enough in the section. While information regarding coal occurrence in these areas is lacking, preliminary observations suggest coals do occur above casing depth in some wells.

• Within the main southwest coal-bearing area, up to 17 coal seams occur. Mean coal seam thickness is 0.6 m and net coal thickness averages 3.5 m. Net coal thickness is greatest along a south-north–trending zone in the central part of this area, and varies between 5 and 9 m, with up to 12 m locally.

• The zone of greatest net coal is characterised by an increase in the number of seams, rather than simply an increase in the thickness of individual seams.

• The estimated total volume of coal occurring in the study area is 48×109 m3. Available gas desorption data from two cores in the study area suggest a total gas resource potential of 46×109 m3.

Saskatchewan Geological Survey iii Open File Report 2005-33 Contents

page

Executive Summary...... iii Contents...... iv Introduction ...... 1 Acknowledgments...... 1 Core-to-Log Correlations ...... 2 Renaissance Senate 101/10-10-02-27W3...... 2 Nexen Battle Creek W 111/07-02-04-27W3...... 2 Nexen Vidora 111/06-04-05-25W3 ...... 2 Canadian Landmaster Cypress Hills 141/06-31-06-25W3...... 3 The Dataset...... 4 Well Coverage...... 4 Cross Sections ...... 4 Coal Distribution ...... 5 Estimation of Total Coal Volume and Potential Gas Content ...... 7 Recommendations ...... 8 References ...... 9

Appendix I – Belly River Well File Data ...... 10

Figures

1. Litholog of Renaissance Senate 101/10-10-02-27W3 2. Litholog of Nexen Battle Creek W 111/07-02-04-27W3 3. Litholog of Nexen Vidora 111/06-04-05-25W3 4. Litholog of Canadian Landmaster Cypress Hills 141/06-31-06-25W3 5. Nature of the Belly River Group section in each well studied. Location of cross sections are also shown. 6. Structure map of Milk River top 7. Structure on top of first coal 8. Cross-section A - A′ (in four sections: A1, A2, A3, and A4) 9. Cross-section B - B′ (in four sections: B1, B2, B3, and B4) 10. Cross-section C - C′ (in three sections: C1, C2, and C3) 11. Cross-section D - D′ (in two sections: D1 and D2)

Saskatchewan Geological Survey iv Open File Report 2005-33 12. Cross-section E - E′ (in four sections: E1, E2, E3, and E4) 13. Cross-section F - F′ (in four sections: F1, F2, F3, and F4) 14. Isopach of KB to top of first coal 15. Isopach of KB to top first coal/carbonaceous mudstone 16. Total net coal isopach 17. Isopach of net coal and carbonaceous mudstone 18. Total number of Belly River coal seams 19. Total number of Ribstone Creek coals 20. Total number of coal seams 21. Total net coal as a percentage of the Belly River Group interval (and Ribstone Creek where applicable) 22. Total net coal as a percentage of the coal-bearing zone

Tables

1. Well log criteria for identifying coal and carbonaceous mudstones in the Belly River Group ...... 4 2. Distribution of coal seam thickness as measured in each well...... 5

Appendix I

Belly River Well File Data

Saskatchewan Geological Survey v Open File Report 2005-33 Introduction

This project was undertaken to determine the distribution of coals and carbonaceous mudstones within the Belly River Group of southwest Saskatchewan, in order to provide a framework for potential coalbed methane (CBM) exploration. Coals also occur within the Ribstone Creek Member (a sandstone tongue of the Belly River Group occurring within the Lea Park Formation), and these have also been included in this study. The study area extends from the US border north to Tp 25, and from Rge 15W3 to the Alberta border – an area of approximately 40 000 km2.

Acknowledgments This study would not have been possible without the hard work and ceaseless determination of Doyin Akinbiyi, and her assistance is gratefully acknowledged.

Saskatchewan Geological Survey 1 Open File Report 2005-33 Core-to-Log Correlations

Cored intervals are available for four wells in the study area. Clastic sediments consist of fine- to medium-grained sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, and bentonite.

Renaissance Senate 101/10-10-02-27W3 The cored intervals in this well are from 219.0 to 235.10 m and 241.0 to 248.15 m (total of 23.25 m), and represent the upper part of the Belly River Group (Figure 1). Total core missing due to loss on recovery and prior sampling is 4.32 m (18.6%). The lower interval (241.0 to 248.15 m) has been subjected to sampling events on at least three occasions, and cannot be fully reconciled with the geophysical logs. Also, no well-site geologist’s report is available with which to determine the original, uncorrupted sequence. The reconstructed litholog for this interval is based on core lithology and geophysical well logs; these also suggest that this core actually represents the interval 240.00 to 247.15 m.

The cored interval contains 11 coal seams, ranging in thickness from 0.03 to 1.35 m, with eight seams ≥0.5 m thick. Approximately 40% of the coal is missing due to lost recovery and sampling. The remaining coal is dominated by shaly coal (35%) with lesser amounts of banded (20%) and dull (19%) coal lithotypes. Due to the high proportion of missing coal in the core, the existence of any trends or cycles in lithotype distribution cannot be determined. Cleat development is poor to absent in shaly and dull coal, and poor to moderate in banded coal lithotypes. Dark grey to black carbonaceous mudstones account for 1.4 m of the cored section, with five beds ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 m thick. Carbonaceous mudstones are primarily concentrated in the lower core interval, and tend to underlie coal seams.

Nexen Battle Creek W 111/07-02-04-27W3 The cored interval in this well is from 185.0 to 243.6 m (total of 58.6 m). Total core missing due to loss on recovery and prior sampling is 12.7 m (21.7%).

The Bearpaw/Belly River contact occurs at 207.65 m (Figure 2). The interval below the contact (208.35 to 207.65 m) consists of medium/dark grey-brown siltstone with abundant coaly fragments, overlain by alternating laminae of light grey siltstone and black carbonaceous shale. Laminae are heavily bioturbated, and synaeresis(?) cracks suggest a possible change in water salinity. This sequence (208.35 to 207.65 m) is considered to reflect increasing relative water depth due to the approaching marine transgression. Establishment of fully marine conditions at 207.65 m are indicated by the appearance of medium/dark grey shale with pelecypod fragments.

The interval at 216 to 216.7 m contains shell (pelecypod?) fragments preserved in their original aragonitic form, indicating they underwent only minimal transportation. This suggests an earlier influx of marine-influence prior to the sustained final transgression at 207.65 m. Siliciclastic sediments above 216 m are generally characterised by moderate to high levels of bioturbation.

The cored interval contains 17 coal seams, ranging in thickness from 0.05 to 2.00 m, with 11 seams ≥0.5 m thick. The well-site geologist’s report indicates the majority of coals are banded or dull banded with poor cleat development. Approximately 70% of the coal is missing due to lost recovery and sampling. The remaining coal is dominated by shaly (27%) and dull (23%) coal, with lesser amounts of bright (20%) and banded (18%) coal lithotypes. Due to the high proportion of missing coal in the core, the existence of any trends or cycles in lithotype distribution cannot be determined. Cleat development is poor to absent in shaly and dull coal, good in bright coal, and moderate in banded coal lithotypes. Dark grey to black carbonaceous mudstones account for 2.1 m of the cored section, with seven beds ranging from 0.1 to 0.4 m thick. The carbonaceous mudstones are associated with coal seams, occurring both above and below with equal frequency.

Nexen Vidora 111/06-04-05-25W3 The cored interval in this well is from 225.10 to 280.70 m (total of 55.6 m). Total core missing due to loss on recovery and prior sampling is 9.4 m (16.9%). This core includes the Bearpaw/Belly River contact at 228.0 m (Figure 3). Immediately below the contact lies a 0.25 m thick white bentonite layer containing abundant glass shards. This bentonite overlies 0.25 m of dark brown mudstone containing abundant coaly fragments and thin beds (<0.5 cm thick), which passes down into a banded dull coal seam containing rare pyritised plant debris (≤1.5 cm in length) and abundant fine quartz grains on bedding

Saskatchewan Geological Survey 2 Open File Report 2005-33 planes. Sediments immediately above the contact consist of a sandy siltstone with sandstone clasts, which grades upward into a medium grey mudstone with pelecypod fragments, indicating the establishment of marine conditions. As in the previous well (111/07-02-04-27W3), the presence of shell fragments at 247.8 m suggests an earlier marine influence before the onset of fully marine conditions at 228.0 m.

The cored interval contains 14 coal seams, ranging in thickness from 0.05 to 2.20 m, with five seams ≥0.5 m thick. The well-site geologist’s report indicates the coals are dominated by dull coal with poor cleat development. Approximately 68% of the coal is missing due to lost recovery and sampling. The remaining coal is dominated by shaly (25%) and banded (23%) coal, with lesser amounts of banded bright (17%) and banded dull (17%) coal lithotypes. Due to the high proportion of missing coal in the core, the existence of any trends or cycles in lithotype distribution cannot be determined. Cleat development is poor to absent in shaly coal, moderate in banded and banded dull coal, and moderate to good in banded bright coal lithotypes. Dark grey to black carbonaceous mudstones account for 2.2 m of the cored section, with nine beds ranging from 0.1 to 0.8 m thick. The carbonaceous mudstones occur above coal seams, or are associated with horizons containing abundant coaly fragments.

Canadian Landmaster Cypress Hills 141/06-31-06-25W3 The cored interval in this well is from 330.0 to 372.0 m (total of 42 m). Total core missing due to loss on recovery is 7.75 m (18.5%). The Bearpaw/Belly River contact occurs at 352.2 m (Figure 4). Sediments immediately below the contact consist of a 1.3 m thick medium-grey silty mudstone with occasional light/medium-grey silt and fine-sandstone laminae. Laminae in the lower part of this unit are parallel to sub-parallel, becoming contorted and bioturbated in the upper part of the unit. A single piece of vertebrate bone (larger than the core diameter) marks the base of the upper, bioturbated section. Abundant coaly fragments (<2 mm) and rare pyrite nodules (<3 mm) are also present in the upper section. Immediately above the contact is a medium-grey shale containing pelecypod shell fragments; rare coaly fragments occur at the base of the unit.

The cored interval contains six coal seams, ranging in thickness from 0.1 to 1.0 m, with two seams ≥0.5 m thick. While no coal was recovered from the seam at 371.1 to 371.4 m, the remaining five seams have full recovery. The coal is dominated by dull coal (56%), with lesser amounts of shaly (18%) and bright (15%) coal lithotypes. Three of the seams exhibit brightening-upward trends, with the seam at 357.4 to 358.4 m consisting of three individual brightening-upward cycles. Cleat development is poor to absent in dull and shaly coal, and good in bright coal lithotypes.

One 0.1 m thick carbonaceous mudstone (369.4 to 369.5 m) was encountered in the cored section, lying at the base of a coal seam.

Saskatchewan Geological Survey 3 Open File Report 2005-33 The Dataset

The gamma-density-resistivity suite of logs is the most reliable for identifying coal. Individual coal seams in the Belly River Group are often <1 m thick, so the detailed logs (1:240 scale) were used for picking. Based on the four cores from the study area, and comparison with other studies, the following criteria were selected (Table 1).

Well Coverage The study area encompasses 393 townships (both full and partial). Of these, 71 townships (18%) have no wells with the full gamma ray-density-resistivity suite of logs, and were, therefore, rejected. The total number of wells which were initially considered for this study is 1703. Of these, 1071 had the full gamma- ray–density–resistivity suite of logs run through all or part of the Belly River Group and underlying Ribstone Creek Member. The remainder have been excluded from this study. The top of the Belly River Group cannot be identified in all wells across the study area, especially in the north, northwest, and far southwest corner, where it is generally at, or above, casing depth (Figure 5). In cases where the top of the Belly River Group cannot be picked, the casing depth has been substituted for isopach calculations; 362 wells fall into this category. The base of the Belly River Group cannot be identified in 37 wells, as these wells either reach total depth (TD) above the base of the Belly River Group, or well logs were not run deep enough. The majority of these wells (34) contain the entire Belly River coal-bearing zone, and so have been included in coal isopach calculations.

In 72 wells, the Belly River interval is missing from the logs. All but two of these wells are confined to the northern part of the study area, and provide information about the Ribstone Creek Member.

Based on gamma-ray and density log responses, coals appear to be present behind well casings in some wells, e.g., 10-31-12-23W3 and 9-25-3-30W3. While these have not been included in any calculations for isopach maps, their presence should be taken into account when planning any future drilling programs.

Cross Sections Tongues of the Belly River Group occur at the top and at the base, projecting into the Bearpaw and Lea Park Formations, respectively. This results in interdigitating diachronous stratigraphic contacts. Where such tongues are less than 20 m above or below the main Belly River sequence, they are included within the Belly River Group correlation lines on the cross sections. Any tongue which contains coal is automatically included in the Belly River Group, regardless of the amount of separation.

Table 1 - Well log criteria for identifying coal and carbonaceous mudstones in the Belly River Group. Lithology Gamma-ray Density PE Resistivity Coal Low Very low Very Low Very high Generally <75 API <2.0 g/cm3, which <1.5 in thick beds; >10Ω in thick beds, with May be up to ~90 API in generally equates to a φ <2 in thin beds good separation of curves; thin beds value >45%* lower in thin beds Carbonaceous High Moderate Moderate Low Mudstone 80 to 100 API φ of 30 to 45% ~2 to 2.5 Typical ‘shale-baseline’ (2.2 to 2.0 g/cm3)* values; slightly higher (up to 7Ω) in thicker beds * for an average mud density of 1.10 g/cm3

Saskatchewan Geological Survey 4 Open File Report 2005-33 Coal Distribution

The structure map of the top of the Milk River formation (Figure 6) shows the structural elements in the study area. Regional dip is from the Bow Island Arch (just west of the Alberta-Saskatchewan border), east-northeast towards the Williston Basin. Sub-sea elevations are around 470 m in the southwest, to 230 m in the east. The confluence of the regional east-northeast dip on the flank of the Bow Island Arch and the radial dip of the Bowdoin Dome (lying in the far southeast corner of the study area) results in the formation of the northeast-dipping Coburg Syncline. McLean (1971) considers the Coburg Syncline to have been actively undergoing sporadic subsidence during deposition of the Belly River sediments. Figure 7 shows the structural surface of the top of the first coal encountered in each well. This map shows an easterly dip, with sub-sea elevations varying from 800 m in the southwest, to 400 m in the east. Regional cross-sections A-A', B-B', C-C', D-D', E-E', and F-F' (Figures 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13) show that coals are primarily concentrated in the upper part of the Belly River Group, and that the number of seams decrease to the east in conjunction with the eastward-thinning nature of the Belly River wedge. The paucity of coals in the northern part of the study area (north of the line marking the zero-edge of the Belly River top) partly reflects the absence of well data regarding the upper part of the Belly River Group. The isopach maps of depth to the first coal (Figure 14) and depth to first coal/carbonaceous mudstone (Figure 15) effectively represent the “overburden” thickness, and reveal a major west-east–trending high, centred on Tps 7 and 8, and extending from the Alberta border to Rge 20W3. This trend reflects the elevated surface topography of the Cypress Hills, as well as the eastward dip of strata into the Coburg Syncline. Thicknesses along this trend are generally between 300 and 500 m, and decrease to around 100 m toward the north, and 150 m to the southeast, primarily in response to decreasing surface elevation. A secondary, south-north trend, centred along Rge 22W3, can be seen extending from the US border as far north as Twp 16. This secondary trend shows thicknesses of around 300 m in the south and north, and a high of around 600 m in the central part of the trend-line (Tp 8, Rge 21W3). This secondary trend is oriented parallel to the regional strike direction, and reflects a combination of two structural influences. The similarity of values in the south and north is primarily a result of the along-strike orientation, while the central high is due to increased surface elevation in the eastern part of the Cypress Hills.

The net coal isopach map (Figure 16) shows that coal distribution is primarily restricted to the southwest part of the study area, with net coal thicknesses >1 m being largely confined to the area south of Tp 15 and west of Rge 20W3. This area lies immediately to the south of the Hatton gas pool, and west of the southwest Saskatchewan oil trend. The mean net coal isopach in this area is 3.5 m, while net coal to the north and east of this area is generally <1 m, with coal occurrence being more sporadic and discontinuous. To the east of Rge 20W3, carbonaceous mudstones are more common than coals (Figure 17). The net coal isopach (Figure 16) shows a northerly trend, with the line of thickest net coal centred along ranges 25 and 26W3, and decreasing to the west and east of this trend-line. Net coal values along the central part of the trend are around 5 to 9 m, with localised highs of up to 12 m. It should be noted that four townships (11-23W3, 9-24W3, 9-23W3, and 8-24W3) on the northern part of this trend-line have no data, and the actual net coal thickness in these areas is unknown. The apparent thinning of the net coal isopach in the far southwest corner of the study area coincides with a group of wells in which the Belly River top occurs above the casing. Thus, the isopach values in this area should be considered as minimum values only.

Up to 17 coal seams have been identified in the Belly River Group, ranging in thickness from 0.1 to 3.3 m (mean is 0.61 m). Three seams have also been identified in the Ribstone Creek Member, ranging in thickness from 0.1 to 1.4 m (mean is 0.43 m). Table 2 shows the distribution of coal seam thickness on an individual well basis. While coals of the Belly River Group occur across the entire southwest coal-bearing area (Figure 18), coals of the Ribstone Creek Member are restricted to the extreme southwest margin (Figure 19).

Table 2 - Distribution of coal seam thickness as measured in each well. Mean coal seam thickness is 0.61 m. Coal Seam Thickness (m) Number of Wells Percentage of Total Wells <0.5 1193 43.2 0.5 to 0.9 1080 39.1 1.0 to 1.4 300 10.9 1.5 to 1.9 119 4.3 2.0 to 2.4 47 1.7 > 2.4 23 0.8

Saskatchewan Geological Survey 5 Open File Report 2005-33 Comparison of Figures 16 and 20 shows that the trend of greatest net coal thickness is generally associated with an increase in the number of coal seams, rather than simply an increase in the thickness of individual seams. This trend lies parallel to the regional strike and suggests that the contemporaneous, episodic subsidence of the Coburg Syncline (McLean, 1971) led to the formation of multiple individual coal seams during periods of quiescence, separated by clastics during periods of subsidence. Figure 21 shows total net coal as a percentage of the Belly River Group (and the Ribstone Creek Member where Ribstone Creek coals exist). This figure shows that along the trend-line of thickest net coal (Rge 25 and 26W3), coal generally constitutes 4 to 7% of the Belly River/ Ribstone Creek stratigraphic interval. Figure 22 presents total net coal as a percentage of the actual coal-bearing interval. The coal-bearing interval (‘pay zone’) is defined as the interval between the top of the first coal and base of the last coal in a well – note that this only applies where two or more coal seams occur within a well. Figure 22 thus indicates the ‘richness’ of the pay zone, with higher values indicating areas with greater concentrations of coal. The trend-line of thickest net coal (along Rge 25 and 26W3) is characterised by values of 15 to 20% net coal, with local highs of greater than 40% net coal. Comparison with Figure 20 shows that areas with richer pay zones are generally associated with an increase in the number of coal seams, rather than simply two thin seams occurring close together.

Saskatchewan Geological Survey 6 Open File Report 2005-33 Estimation of Total Coal Volume and Potential Gas Content

Coal underlies an area of approximately 13 800 km2 (150 townships), and mean net coal thickness is 3.5 m. Thus, a conservative estimate for total coal volume is 48 × 109 m3. Available measured gas contents from desorption studies of Belly River coals exist for Nexen Battle Creek West 7- 2-4-27W3 and Nexen Vidora 6-4-5-25W3 (Coal Gas Technology Ltd., 2004a, 2004b). These studies indicate a mean gas content of 0.97 m3 of gas per cubic metre of coal. Combining gas concentration with the estimated total volume of coal (48 × 109 m3), suggests a total potential gas resource of 46 × 109 m3 in the study area. The zone of net coal thickness ≥3.5 m covers an area of approximately 6000 km2 (65 townships), and the mean net coal thickness within this area is 6.1 m. This yields a volume of 36 × 109 m3. Using the gas resource concentration of 0.97 m3 of gas per cubic metre of coal, this suggests a potential total gas resource of 35 × 109 m3 of gas within the area of thickest net coal. The Vidora shallow gas pool (Figure 16) produces gas from Belly River and lower Bearpaw sands. Its position on the trend line of maximum net coal suggests that gas in the pool may have a coal-sourced component. Isotopic analysis of this gas should be able to determine if this is so, and may also provide information about the origin (thermogenic/biogenic) of any coal-sourced gas.

Saskatchewan Geological Survey 7 Open File Report 2005-33 Recommendations

More information is need for the northern part of the study area.

• Detailed local and regional hydrogeology study to evaluate potential hydrodynamic flushing/trapping of gas, and to identify sites of possible methanogenic microbe concentration. This is especially important for determining the biogenic gas potential.

• Isotopic studies of gas from known gas pools in the area (e.g., Vidora) to determine if any of this gas has a coal-sourced component. This has important implications for determining migration pathways of any excess gas expelled from coal source rocks/reservoirs.

• Coal petrographic study to determine local and regional trends in gas generation and reservoir potentials.

Saskatchewan Geological Survey 8 Open File Report 2005-33 References (all referenced reports are available for viewing at the Saskatchewan Industry and Resources Subsurface Lab)

Coal Gas Technology Ltd. (2004a): Battle Creek West 07-02-004-27W3 Coal Gas Desorption Final Report; Coal Gas Technology Ltd., internal rep. prepared for Nexen Canada Ltd., 27 Jan 2004. Coal Gas Technology Ltd. (2004b): Vidora 06-04-005-25W3M Coal Core Gas Desorption Final Report, internal rep. prepared for Nexen Canada Ltd., Calgary, 30 Jan 2004. McLean, J.R. (1971): Stratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous Judith River Formation in the Canadian Great Plains; Sask. Resear. Counc., Geol. Div., Rep. No. 11, 96p.

Saskatchewan Geological Survey 9 Open File Report 2005-33 Appendix I – Belly River Well File Data

This database contains information on 1071 wells.

Saskatchewan Geological Survey 10 Open File Report 2005-33