DOCSLIB.ORG

Diagenesis, Burial History, and Reservoir Characterization of the Scollard Sequence Sandstones in Alberta

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Diagenesis, Burial History, and Reservoir Characterization of the Scollard Sequence Sandstones in Alberta University of Alberta Diagenesis, Burial history, and Reservoir Characterization of the Scollard sequence sandstones in Alberta by Ahmed Khidir A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Ahmed Khidir Fall 2010 Edmonton, Alberta Permission is hereby granted to the University of Alberta Libraries to reproduce single copies of this thesis and to lend or sell such copies for private, scholarly or scientific research purposes only. Where the thesis is converted to, or otherwise made available in digital form, the University of Alberta will advise potential users of the thesis of these terms. The author reserves all other publication and other rights in association with the copyright in the thesis and, except as herein before provided, neither the thesis nor any substantial portion thereof may be printed or otherwise reproduced in any material form whatsoever without the author's prior written permission. Library and Archives Bibliothèque et Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de l’édition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-67607-3 Our file Notre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-67607-3 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non- L’auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant à la Bibliothèque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par télécommunication ou par l’Internet, prêter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des thèses partout dans le loan, distribute and sell theses monde, à des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non- support microforme, papier, électronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L’auteur conserve la propriété du droit d’auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protège cette thèse. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la thèse ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent être imprimés ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation. without the author’s permission. In compliance with the Canadian Conformément à la loi canadienne sur la Privacy Act some supporting forms protection de la vie privée, quelques may have been removed from this formulaires secondaires ont été enlevés de thesis. cette thèse. While these forms may be included Bien que ces formulaires aient inclus dans in the document page count, their la pagination, il n’y aura aucun contenu removal does not represent any loss manquant. of content from the thesis. Examining Committee Octavian Catuneanu, Eath & Atmospheric Sciences Karlis Muehlenbaches, Eath & Atmospheric Sciences Jack Lereko, Eath & Atmospheric Sciencescs Arie Croitoru, Earth & Atmosperic Sciences Pamela Willoughby, Anthropology Kari Strand, University of Oulu Thule Institute To my parents: Hadla and Khalaf Thank you very much for help and support I love you both ABSTRACT A detailed laboratory study of sandstone samples from outcrops and conventional core samples from the Maastrichtian-Paleocene Scollard-age fluvial strata in the Western Canada foredeep was undertaken to investigate the reservoir characteristics, burial depth history, and sandstone diagenesis. The sandstones are predominantly litharenites and sublitharenites, which accumulated in a variety of fluvial environments. The porosity of the sandstones is both syn-depositional and diagenetic in origin. The potential of a sandstone to serve as a reservoir for producible hydrocarbons is strongly related to the sandstone’s diagenetic history. Detailed study of the distribution of authigenic minerals of the Scollard sequence suggests that the diversities in the pattern distribution of authigenic clay minerals in the regions are not random but they coincide with the burial depth of these strata and has a well-defined relation to the sequence stratigraphic framework The general absence of dickite, coupled with limited conversion of smectite into illite in the Scollard sandstones, suggests crystallization at a depth less than 1.5 km. In contrast, the occurrence of blocky dickite, fibrous illite and chlorite in the Coalspur and Willow Creek sandstones, coupled with albitized feldspars and quartz cement, suggests that sandstones there underwent a maximum burial depth greater than 3 km. It has been observed that kaolin mineral content increases in sandstones lying below subaerial unconformities, which mark the most significant stratigraphic hiatuses and hence the sequence boundaries in fully fluvial successions. This study demonstrates the effects of burial depth and paleoclimate on pore-water chemistry, which in turn, influenced the mineralogy and the distributions of authigenic minerals in the sandstones. The δ13C and δ18O compositions of pedogenic carbonate nodules from the Willow Creek Formation associated with the red shale host sediments have been used as a paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental proxy. The isotopic composition of nodules suggests that these formed during drier conditions when C3 vegetation prevailed at the site. The predominance of smectite and illite in fines and the poor floral content point to a low seasonal rainfall in a semi-arid climatic environment. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to acknowledge all those who helped throughout the course of this study. I thank my supervisor, Dr. Octavian Catuneanu, for his constant support and for shaping my thinking through many discussions. Dr. Catuneanu provided an excellent research environment that significantly improved the quality of my project and also provided a research assistantship during my study and enabling me to finish my thesis and to attend several memorable conferences and field trips. I also thank the other members of my Supervisory Committee Dr. K. Muehlenbachs and Dr. John Lerbekmo for their suggestions abut earlier drafts of this thesis. Also, I thank my external examiner, I thank Dr. K. Muehlenbachs and Dr. N. Banerjee for their assistance with the isotope work and its interpretation, as well as for providing insight into specific questions. Dr. A. R. Sweet from the Geological Survey of Canada also provided many hours of stimulating discussion during the course of this thesis. I thank Hugh Lavallee and Linda Shanks from Encana for their assistance with the earlier drafts of this thesis. The technical staffs of the Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences at the University of Alberta were of great help in completion of this study. G. Braybrook assisted me with the SEM and XRD analyses, and Don Resultay and Mark Labbe helped me to make thin sections. The teaching assistantships provided by the Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, are also greatly appreciated. I am grateful to my fellow graduate students for many stimulating and perceptive conversations pertaining to the problems I encountered during the course of this study. Most of all, I thank my family for its great and enduring support. I thank my wife Nahla without whom I would never have been successful. Nahla, your support is especially unforgettable. Table of Contents Chapter page 1. INTRODUCTION…….…………………………………………………………….. 1 REFERENCES………………………………………………………… ……8 2. Reservoir Characterization of Scollard-age Fluvial Sandstones, Alberta foredeep INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………...11 GEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND…………………………………………..13 METHODS ……………………………… …………………………………15 SANDSTONE COMPOSITION AND TEXTURE.………………… …… 16 AUTHIGENIC MINERALS……………………….………………………. 17 POROSITY OF OUTCROP SAMPLES……………………..……………... 19 Porosity of the Scollard Sandstones…………….………… …... 19 Porosity of the Coalspur Sandstones ……………….…………... 20 Porosity of the Willow Creek Sandstones ……………………... 20 PERMEABILITY IN OUTCROP VERSUS SUBSURFACE……….…..... 21 DIAGENETIC STAGES OF THE SCOLLARD SEQUENCE……..…..... 22 RESERVOIR QUALITY OF THE SCOLLARD SEQUENCE… …….... 22 DISCUSSION…………….…………………… …………….………… . 23 Factors Controlling Reservoir Quality………… ………… ….23 Diagenetic Processes and Sandstone Properties….…… .… ..24 The Role of Compaction………………………………………….…..25 Calcite Cementation and Reservoir Properties………….....…… 27 The Role of Clay Minerals ……………………………………...28 CONCLUSIONS………………………………………...……………………30 REFERENCES……………………………………………………………… 47 3. Basin-scale Distribution of Authigenic Clay Minerals in the Late Maastrichtian - Early Paleocene Fluvial Strata of the Alberta Foredeep: Implications for Burial Depth INTRODUCTION …………..……….………………………………. 53 GEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND ………………..…………………… 54 METHODS…………………………………….…………………………… 56 SANDSTONE COMPOSITION…………………………………..……… 57 AUTHIGENIC MINERALS………………...…………………………….. 58 Kaolin…………..……………………………………………... 58 Dickite………………………..………………………………. ..59 Smectite………………………………………………………... 60 Illite...…………………………………………………………... 60 Chlorite…………………………………………………………. 61 DISCUSSION: Authigenic Minerals and Maximum Burial Depths……......62 Kaolinite-dickite transformation………………………… …... 62 Illite.. …………………………………………………… . 63 Chlorite.. …………………………………………………. 64 Quartz overgrowth ………………………………………… 64 Albitization of feldspar……………………………..……… 65 SUMMARY OF DISCUSSION ……………………………………… ….. 66 CONCLUSIONS.………………….………………………………………….66
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Soil Survey and Reclamation Suitability Evaluation of the Proposed Nova Gas Transmission Ltd
    NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd. Environmental and Socio-Economic Assessment Norma Transmission Pipeline Project February 2013/8660 APPENDIX 3 SOIL SURVEY AND RECLAMATION SUITABILITY EVALUATION OF THE PROPOSED NOVA GAS TRANSMISSION LTD. NORMA TRANSMISSION PIPELINE PROJECT Page A3-1 SOIL SURVEY AND RECLAMATION SUITABILITY EVALUATION of the PROPOSED NOVA GAS TRANSMISSION LTD. NORMA TRANSMISSION PIPELINE Prepared for: TERA ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS On behalf of: NOVA GAS TRANSMISSION LTD. Prepared by: MENTIGA PEDOLOGY CONSULTANTS LTD. A.G. Twardy, M.Sc., P.Ag. B. Chernipeski, B.Sc., P.Ag. February 2013 11037B.1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 2.0 THE STUDY AREA .......................................................................................................... 3 2.1 Location and Extent ............................................................................................ 3 2.2 Bedrock Geology ................................................................................................ 3 2.3 Surficial Materials and Landform ........................................................................ 3 2.4 General Soil Patterns .......................................................................................... 4 2.5 Present Land Use ............................................................................................... 4 3.0 SOILS ...................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Post-Carboniferous Stratigraphy, Northeastern Alaska by R
    Post-Carboniferous Stratigraphy, Northeastern Alaska By R. L. DETTERMAN, H. N. REISER, W. P. BROSGE,and]. T. DUTRO,JR. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 886 Sedirnentary rocks of Permian to Quaternary age are named, described, and correlated with standard stratigraphic sequences UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON 1975 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ROGERS C. B. MORTON, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY V. E. McKelvey, Director Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Detterman, Robert L. Post-Carboniferous stratigraphy, northeastern Alaska. (Geological Survey Professional Paper 886) Bibliography: p. 45-46. Supt. of Docs. No.: I 19.16:886 1. Geology-Alaska. I. Detterman, Robert L. II. Series: United States. Geological Survey. Professional Paper 886. QE84.N74P67 551.7'6'09798 74-28084 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 Stock Number 024-001-02687-2 CONTENTS Page Page Abstract __ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ __ 1 Stratigraphy__:_Continued Introduction __________ ----------____ ----------------____ __ 1 Kingak Shale ---------------------------------------- 18 Purpose and scope ----------------------~------------- 1 Ignek Formation (abandoned) -------------------------- 20 Geographic setting ------------------------------------ 1 Okpikruak Formation (geographically restricted) ________ 21 Previous work and acknowledgments ------------------ 1 Kongakut Formation ----------------------------------
    [Show full text]
  • The Fauna from the Tyrannosaurus Rex Excavation, Frenchman Formation (Late Maastrichtian), Saskatchewan
    The Fauna from the Tyrannosaurus rex Excavation, Frenchman Formation (Late Maastrichtian), Saskatchewan Tim T. Tokaryk 1 and Harold N. Bryant 2 Tokaryk, T.T. and Bryant, H.N. (2004): The fauna from the Tyrannosaurus rex excavation, Frenchman Formation (Late Maastrichtian), Saskatchewan; in Summary of Investigations 2004, Volume 1, Saskatchewan Geological Survey, Sask. Industry Resources, Misc. Rep. 2004-4.1, CD-ROM, Paper A-18, 12p. Abstract The quarry that contained the partial skeleton of the Tyrannosaurus rex, familiarly known as “Scotty,” has yielded a diverse faunal and floral assemblage. The site is located in the Frenchman River valley in southwestern Saskatchewan and dates from approximately 65 million years, at the end of the Cretaceous Period. The faunal assemblage from the quarry is reviewed and the floral assemblage is summarized. Together, these assemblages provide some insight into the biological community that lived in southwestern Saskatchewan during the latest Cretaceous. Keywords: Frenchman Formation, Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous, southwestern Saskatchewan, Tyrannosaurus rex. 1. Introduction a) Geological Setting The Frenchman Formation, of latest Maastrichtian age, is extensively exposed in southwestern Saskatchewan (Figure 1; Fraser et al., 1935; Furnival, 1950). The lithostratigraphic units in the formation consist largely of fluvial sandstones and greenish grey to green claystones. Outcrops of the Frenchman Formation are widely distributed in the Frenchman River valley, southeast of Eastend. Chambery Coulee, on the north side of the valley, includes Royal Saskatchewan Museum (RSM) locality 72F07-0022 (precise locality data on file with the RSM), the site that contained the disarticulated skeleton of a Tyrannosaurus rex. McIver (2002) subdivided the stratigraphic sequence at this locality into “lower” and “upper” beds.
    [Show full text]
  • Amia Cf. Pattersoni from the Paleocene Paskapoo Formation of Alberta
    31 Amia cf. pattersoni from the Paleocene Paskapoo Formation of Alberta Lance Grande, Li Guo-Qing, and Mark V. H. Wilson Abstract: A well-prepared anterior half of an amiid skull from the Late Paleocene Paskapoo Formation of south-central Alberta is described. The specimen is either very closely related to, or conspecific with, Amia pattersoni Grande and Bemis, 1998, from the Early Eocene Green River Formation of Wyoming. We leave the specimen as Amia cf. pattersoni until additional material is found to further clarify its relationships. Amia cf. pattersoni is the oldest known specimen clearly identifiable as belonging to the genus Amia (sensu Grande and Bemis, 1998), and the Paskapoo spe- cies extends the known geographic range of Amia both northward and westward. The fish assemblage of the Paskapoo Formation represents the most diverse freshwater Paleocene fish fauna known from North America. Based on compari- sons of sample size and relative taxonomic diversity to the better known Green River Formation localities of Wyoming, we predict that further collecting will substantially increase the known diversity of the Paskapoo fauna. The Paskapoo Formation, therefore, has great potential to continue adding to the meager knowledge of pre-Eocene freshwater teleost diversity in North America. Résumé : Ce document décrit une moitié antérieure bien préparée d'un crâne d'un aminoïde de la Formation de Paska- poo du Paléocene tardif. Le spécimen est soit relié très étroitement à Amia cf. pattersoni Grande et Bemis, 1998 de la Formation de Green River de l'Éocène précoce, au Wyoming, soit qu'il lui est congénère. Nous classons le spécimen en tant que Amia cf.
    [Show full text]
  • Postcranial Anatomy of Tanius Sinensis Wiman, 1929 (Dinosauria; Hadrosauroidea) Postkraniala Anatomin Hos Tanius Sinensis Wiman, 1929 (Dinosauria; Hadrosauroidea)
    Examensarbete vid Institutionen för geovetenskaper Degree Project at the Department of Earth Sciences ISSN 1650-6553 Nr 320 Postcranial Anatomy of Tanius Sinensis Wiman, 1929 (Dinosauria; Hadrosauroidea) Postkraniala anatomin hos Tanius sinensis Wiman, 1929 (Dinosauria; Hadrosauroidea) Niclas H. Borinder INSTITUTIONEN FÖR GEOVETENSKAPER DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES Examensarbete vid Institutionen för geovetenskaper Degree Project at the Department of Earth Sciences ISSN 1650-6553 Nr 320 Postcranial Anatomy of Tanius Sinensis Wiman, 1929 (Dinosauria; Hadrosauroidea) Postkraniala anatomin hos Tanius sinensis Wiman, 1929 (Dinosauria; Hadrosauroidea) Niclas H. Borinder ISSN 1650-6553 Copyright © Niclas H. Borinder and the Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University Published at Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University (www.geo.uu.se), Uppsala, 2015 Abstract Postcranial Anatomy of Tanius Sinensis Wiman, 1929 (Dinosauria; Hadrosauroidea) Niclas H. Borinder Tanius sinensis Wiman, 1929 was one of the first hadrosauroid or “duck-billed” taxa erected from China, indeed one of the very first non-avian dinosaur taxa to be erected based on material from the country. Since the original description by Wiman in 1929, the anatomy of T. sinensis has received relatively little attention in the literature since then. This is unfortunate given the importance of T. sinensis as a possible non-hadrosaurid hadrosauroid i.e. a member of Hadrosauroidea outside the family of Hadrosauridae, living in the Late Cretaceous, at a time when most non-hadrosaurid hadro- sauroids had become replaced by the members of Hadrosauridae. To gain a better understanding of the anatomy of T. sinensis and its phylogenetic relationships, the postcranial anatomy of it is redescribed. T. sinensis is found to have a mosaic of basal traits like strongly opisthocoelous cervical vertebrae, the proximal end of scapula being dorsoventrally wider than the distal end, the ratio between the proximodistal length of the metatarsal III and the mediolateral width of this element being greater than 4.5.
    [Show full text]
  • Subsurface Characterization of the Pembina-Wabamun Acid-Gas Injection Area
    ERCB/AGS Special Report 093 Subsurface Characterization of the Pembina-Wabamun Acid-Gas Injection Area Subsurface Characterization of the Pembina-Wabamun Acid-Gas Injection Area Stefan Bachu Maja Buschkuehle Kristine Haug Karsten Michael Alberta Geological Survey Alberta Energy and Utilities Board ©Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Alberta, 2008 ISBN 978-0-7785-6950-3 The Energy Resources Conservation Board/Alberta Geological Survey (ERCB/AGS) and its employees and contractors make no warranty, guarantee or representation, express or implied, or assume any legal liability regarding the correctness, accuracy, completeness or reliability of this publication. Any digital data and software supplied with this publication are subject to the licence conditions. The data are supplied on the understanding that they are for the sole use of the licensee, and will not be redistributed in any form, in whole or in part, to third parties. Any references to proprietary software in the documentation, and/or any use of proprietary data formats in this release, do not constitute endorsement by the ERCB/AGS of any manufacturer's product. If this product is an ERCB/AGS Special Report, the information is provided as received from the author and has not been edited for conformity to ERCB/AGS standards. When using information from this publication in other publications or presentations, due acknowledgment should be given to the ERCB/AGS. The following reference format is recommended: Bachu, S., Buschkuehle, M., Haug, K., Michael, K. (2008): Subsurface characterization of the Pembina-Wabamun acid-gas injection area; Energy Resources Conservation Board, ERCB/AGS Special Report 093, 60 p.
    [Show full text]
  • Seismic Modelling and Monitoring of Carbon Storage in a Sandstone Aquifer
    Seismic monitoring of carbon storage Seismic modelling and monitoring of carbon storage in a sandstone aquifer Virginia C. Vera and Don C. Lawton ABSTRACT Carbon Management Canada in association with CREWES have invested in research projects that investigate the feasibility of injecting and monitoring relatively small amounts of CO2 in sandstone aquifers in Alberta. In this case the target is a “shallow” sandstone layer of the Paskapoo Formation, southwest of Calgary. In order to evaluate the monitoring viability, Gassmann fluid substitution and 3D seismic modeling were undertaken. Synthetic seismograms were generated to assess changes given the injection of CO2 in Lower Paskapoo sandstone. The resulting model attempts to represent the study site and its geology, therefore the seismic data acquired during 2010 field school was used as a guide. Using Norsar3D software, a pre-injection model and a post-injection scenario, which include the CO2 plume, were obtained. The plume was estimated for a 3000 tonnes of CO2, which is the expected injection amount after 3 years, and 50% CO2 saturation. The plume size and shape was calculated taking using volumetric principles and the assumption of radial dispersion. From the resulting seismic volumes it is possible to appreciate a difference in seismic amplitude and time delay of the reflectors in the injection zone and underneath it. The changes caused by the presence of CO2 are easily recognizable applying a subtraction of the post-injection model to the initial model. INTRODUCTION The main purpose of this study was to generate a 3D geological model and subsequent seismic model that calculates the seismic response before and after CO2 injection on the project land at the study site.
    [Show full text]
  • Competition Structured a Late Cretaceous Megaherbivorous Dinosaur Assemblage Jordan C
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Competition structured a Late Cretaceous megaherbivorous dinosaur assemblage Jordan C. Mallon 1,2 Modern megaherbivore community richness is limited by bottom-up controls, such as resource limitation and resultant dietary competition. However, the extent to which these same controls impacted the richness of fossil megaherbivore communities is poorly understood. The present study investigates the matter with reference to the megaherbivorous dinosaur assemblage from the middle to upper Campanian Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta, Canada. Using a meta-analysis of 21 ecomorphological variables measured across 14 genera, contemporaneous taxa are demonstrably well-separated in ecomorphospace at the family/subfamily level. Moreover, this pattern is persistent through the approximately 1.5 Myr timespan of the formation, despite continual species turnover, indicative of underlying structural principles imposed by long-term ecological competition. After considering the implications of ecomorphology for megaherbivorous dinosaur diet, it is concluded that competition structured comparable megaherbivorous dinosaur communities throughout the Late Cretaceous of western North America. Te question of which mechanisms regulate species coexistence is fundamental to understanding the evolution of biodiversity1. Te standing diversity (richness) of extant megaherbivore (herbivores weighing ≥1,000 kg) com- munities appears to be mainly regulated by bottom-up controls2–4 as these animals are virtually invulnerable to top-down down processes (e.g., predation) when fully grown. Tus, while the young may occasionally succumb to predation, fully-grown African elephants (Loxodonta africana), rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum and Diceros bicornis), hippopotamuses (Hippopotamus amphibius), and girafes (Girafa camelopardalis) are rarely targeted by predators, and ofen show indiference to their presence in the wild5.
    [Show full text]
  • (Published March 2011) Richard C. Fox an Unusual Early Primate from the Paleocene Paskapoo Formation, Alberta, Canada
    Issue 1 (published March 2011) Richard C. Fox An unusual early primate from the Paleocene Paskapoo Formation, Alberta, Canada . 1–10 Wighart von Koenigswald, Luke T. Holbrook, and Kenneth D. Rose Diversity and evolution of Hunter−Schreger Band configuration in tooth enamel of perissodactyl mammals . 11–32 Carlo Meloro Morphological disparity in Plio−Pleistocene large carnivore guilds from Italian peninsula . 33–44 Pablo A. Gallina and Sebastián Apesteguía Cranial anatomy and phylogenetic position of the titanosaurian sauropod Bonitasaura salgadoi . 45–60 Michael D. D’Emic and Jeffrey A. Wilson New remains attributable to the holotype of the sauropod dinosaur Neuquensaurus australis, with implications for saltasaurine systematics . 61–73 Michael P. Taylor, Mathew J. Wedel, and Richard L. Cifelli A new sauropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah, USA . 75–98 Ross A. Elgin, David W.E. Hone, and Eberhard Frey The extent of the pterosaur flight membrane . 99–111 Jörg Fröbisch, Rainer R. Schoch, Johannes Müller, Thomas Schindler, and Dieter Schweiss A new basal sphenacodontid synapsid from the Late Carboniferous of the Saar−Nahe Basin, Germany . 113–120 Michele Mazza, Manuel Rigo, and Alda Nicora A new Metapolygnathus platform conodont species and its implications for Upper Carnian global correlations . 121–131 Ana B. Villaseñor, Federico Olóriz, and Celestina González−Arreola Lower Tithonian microconchiate simoceratins from eastern Mexico: Taxonomy, biostratigraphy, and palaeobiogeography. 133–158 Kenneth De Baets, Christian Klug, and Dieter Korn Devonian pearls and ammonoid−endoparasite co−evolution . 159–180 Vladimir I. Davydov Taxonomy, nomenclature, and evolution of the early schubertellid fusulinids . 181–194 Benjamin Bomfleur, Michael Krings, Edith L.
    [Show full text]
  • Bedrock Geology of Alberta
    Alberta Geological Survey Map 600 Legend Bedrock Geology of Alberta Southwestern Plains Southeastern Plains Central Plains Northwestern Plains Northeastern Plains NEOGENE (± PALEOGENE) NEOGENE ND DEL BONITA GRAVELS: pebble gravel with some cobbles; minor thin beds and lenses NH HAND HILLS FORMATION: gravel and sand, locally cemented into conglomerate; gravel of sand; pebbles consist primarily of quartzite and argillite with minor amounts of sandstone, composed of mainly quartzite and sandstone with minor amounts of chert, arkose, and coal; fluvial amygdaloidal basalt, and diabase; age poorly constrained; fluvial PALEOGENE PALEOGENE PALEOGENE (± NEOGENE) PALEOGENE (± NEOGENE) UPLAND GRAVEL: gravel composed of mainly white quartzite cobbles and pebbles with lesser amounts of UPLAND GRAVEL: gravel capping the Clear Hills, Halverson Ridge, and Caribou Mountains; predominantly .C CYPRESS HILLS FORMATION: gravel and sand, locally cemented to conglomerate; mainly quartzite .G .G and sandstone clasts with minor chert and quartz component; fluvial black chert pebbles; sand matrix; minor thin beds and lenses of sand; includes gravel in the Swan Hills area; white quartzite cobbles and pebbles with lesser amounts of black chert pebbles; quartzite boulders occur in the age poorly constrained; fluvial Clear Hills and Halverson Ridge gravels; sand matrix; ages poorly constrained; extents poorly defined; fluvial .PH PORCUPINE HILLS FORMATION: olive-brown mudstone interbedded with fine- to coarse-grained, .R RAVENSCRAG FORMATION: grey to buff mudstone
    [Show full text]
  • Longrich-Sankey-Texacephale-10.Pdf
    This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier’s archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/copyright Author's personal copy Cretaceous Research 31 (2010) 274–284 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Cretaceous Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/CretRes Texacephale langstoni, a new genus of pachycephalosaurid (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the upper Campanian Aguja Formation, southern Texas, USA Nicholas R. Longrich a,*, Julia Sankey b, Darren Tanke c a Department of Geology, Yale University, P.O. Box 208109, New Haven, CT 06520-8109, USA b Department of Physics and Geology, California State University, Stanislaus, One University Circle, Turlock, California 95382, USA c Royal Tyrrell Museum, P.O. Box 7500, Drumheller, Alberta T0J 0Y0, Canada article info abstract Article history: Recent work in the Campanian Aguja Formation of Big Bend, Texas, has resulted in the recovery of two Received 16 June 2009 frontoparietal domes from a new genus of pachycephalosaur. Texacephale langstoni gen. et sp. nov. is Accepted in revised form diagnosed by a tall, arched nasal boss, flange-like processes articulating the dome with the peripheral 14 December 2009 elements, and a low pedicel separating the cerebral fossa from the skull roof.
    [Show full text]
  • Map 600: a New 1:1 000 000 Bedrock Geology Map of Alberta G.J
    Map 600: A New 1:1 000 000 Bedrock Geology Map of Alberta G.J. Prior*, Alberta Geological Survey, 402, 4999-98th Ave., Edmonton, Alberta [email protected] B. Hathway, Alberta Geological Survey, 402, 4999-98th Ave., Edmonton, Alberta P. Glombick, Alberta Geological Survey, 402, 4999-98th Ave., Edmonton, Alberta D.I. Pana, Alberta Geological Survey, 402, 4999-98th Ave., Edmonton, Alberta C.J. Banks, Alberta Geological Survey, 402, 4999-98th Ave., Edmonton, Alberta D.C. Hay, Neftex Petroleum Consultants, 97 Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, England C.L. Schneider, University of Alberta, 116 St. and 85 Ave., Edmonton, Alberta M. Grobe, Alberta Geological Survey, 402, 4999-98th Ave, Edmonton, Alberta R. Elgr, Alberta Geological Survey, 402, 4999-98th Ave, Edmonton, Alberta J.A. Weiss, Alberta Geological Survey, 402, 4999-98th Ave, Edmonton, Alberta Summary Map 600 is the new 1:1 000 000 bedrock geology map of Alberta prepared by the Alberta Geological Survey (AGS). This map supersedes Map 236 (Hamilton et al., 1999) and Map 27 (Green, 1972). Map 600 represents the compilation of existing geological maps and new geological mapping by staff of the Alberta Geological Survey (AGS). The representation of the Canadian Shield and Athabasca Basin is based on compilation. The geology of the Rocky Mountains and the Rocky Mountain Foothills is also the product of compilation with rare instances of new geological interpretation (e.g. the interpretation of bedrock geology beneath drift-filled valleys). The Devonian geology of northeast Alberta is also largely a product of compilation with some reinterpretation based, in part, on field observations.
    [Show full text]