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THE HOMERIC CATALOGUE. in Antiquity Apollodorus Wrote a Work

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THE HOMERIC CATALOGUE. in Antiquity Apollodorus Wrote a Work THE HOMERIC CATALOGUE. IN antiquity Apollodorus wrote a work upon the Greek Catalogue, Demetrius of Scepsis one, in thirty books, on the Trojan ; both were used by Strabo, who surpassed, fortunately, either in judgment. Titles of similar works are ascribed to the logographer Damastes and the rhetor Polus. Its literary merits are extolled by Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Comp. Verb. 102, and though a considerable number of MSS. omit it,1 Tribonianus of Side in the Byzantine period was found to execute a special metaphrase of it. In modern times the latest work dealing with the Catalogue apart appears to be the short treatise of Benedikt Niese,2 Der homerische Schiffskatalog als historische Quelle betrachtet, Kiel, 1873. Written at the blackest moment of Homeric and historical science, before the first light from archaeology had begun to illumine the gloom of Higher Criticism, before even Wilamowitz had lit his corpse-candle, the book naturally cannot influence our opinion now, and would not have needed mention but for the singular uis inertiae owing to which it is still currently cited. Niese's principal conclusions were: the Catalogue involves late political circumstances, contains geographical inaccuracies, especially in regard to Thessaly, and is the result of the contamination of an old geographical document or periegesis dating from 770-740 with names of heroes and peoples taken from the Cypria: the Trojan Catalogue is made out of the Trojan Catalogue again in the Cypria with additions from the body of the Iliad; and the editor of both may be found in a Milesian of 630-600. These statements, sufficiently laughable in themselves, will be best met by a comparison of the $id/cocrfio$ with independent historical evidence.3 I. The Catalogue purports to give the names of the commanders and the number of each commander's ships (ap%ov<; av vqSsv vr}d<; re trpoTrdcra<i) that came to Troy. The enumeration is made on the occasion of Agamemnon 1 To the list in ed. 2 of the Oxford Iliad I amusing excesses (the Trojan catalogue was may now add Matritensis 4560, where, as in made by the Dorians of Rhodes !). M 10, the Catalogue is added at the end. No 3 On the Homeric side I have no ackuowledg- tradition exists of the omission, and the reason ments to make. Among geographers and ex- for it is conjectural. plorers, Monsieur V. Berard, Mr. Hogarth, and 2 M. P. Nilsson, KxrdirKoi Rh. Mus. Ix. Professor Garstang have supplied me with ideas 161 sq. developes Niese's ideas to still more and information. THE HOMERIC CATALOGUE 293 leading his host into battle after his quarrel with Achilles. The series of peoples has nothing to do with the arrangement of the Naustathmos or camp on the Trojan shore, about which we have information elsewhere,* nor is it stated that the sequence corresponds to the position held by the units at Aulis: in fact the contrary results from the local, doubtless Aulidan, indications 526, 558, 587. The Catalogue is the list of the forces assembled at Aulis, but in the order of their position on the face of the earth. The order is geographical; the writer considers the whole Greek world, in zones, and how the separate races lie within each. This appears from the following abstract. I. vv. 494-558. 1 Boeotians, 2 Orchomenians, 3 Phocians, 4 Locrians (of Opus), 5 Euboeans, 6 Athenians, 7 Salaminians. The writer begins with central Greece, between the isthmus and Oeta, Euboea, and Phocis. Perhaps because the armament which he details was for the first time collected at Aulis. He starts from the part of Greece where the fleet found itself and from the race to which Aulis belonged. He must have begun somewhere: in an international matter he gave a complimentary priority to the local authority. (1 have sought to explain V.B. 1906, 195 the meeting of the fleet at Aulis from practical reasons.)B This seems more probable than that the Catalogue hailed from a ' Boeotian school' of poets, who dealt in catalogue-literature and glorified their country. The Boeotian Muses and school of poets are so far as we know a post-Dorian growth. There were none such in the heroic age. Helicon as well as Pieria is Dorian. Catalogues certainly were beloved of the Hesiodeans and the Peloponnesian epopoei; but the thing is a property of epos generally. Within the district the order is a kind of circle, W.N.E.S.W. II. vv. 559-624. 8 Argos, 9 Mycenae and Corinth, 10 Lacedaemon, 11 Pylos, 12 Arcadia, 13 Elis. Peloponnesus, complete: no particular order, but we begin at the E. and end in the N.W., which affords a bridge to the islands. III. 14 Dulichium and Echinae, 15 Cephallenian islands, 16 Aetolians. The islands are divided into two groups; Dulichium under Meges, the Cephallenes under Ulysses. IV. vv. 645-680. 17 Crete: 18 Rhodes: 19 Syme: 20 Nisyrus, Carpathos, Casos, Cos, Calydnae. From N.W. Greece we are taken to the Aegean. Four groups of islands, of very different importance, are found. 4 © 222, A 5, 805 sy. Ajax and Achilles 5 Similar practical reasons may account also were at the wings, Ulysses in the middle; in for the inhabitants of the old Ionic dodecapolis the middle were the altars and the ayopd. The in N. Peloponnesus taking ship at Athens. Epipolesis (A 250) gives the order in the field. 294 T. W. ALLEN V. vv. 681-759. 21 Pelasgic Argos (Achilles): 22 Iton, etc. (Protesilaus): 23 Pherae (Eumelus): 24 Methone, etc. (Philoctetes): 25 Tricca-Oechalia (Podalirius): 26 Ormenion, etc. (Eurypylus): 27 Argissa-Oloosson (Polypoetes): 28 Cyphus, Enienes, Dodona (Gouneus): 29 Magnetes (Prothoos). From the Carian coast we are taken to Greece north of Oeta. The writer follows the coast from the mouth of the Spercheus round the Gulf of Volo (the district known to the ancients as Phthia), then inland in no particular order, and winds up on the coast again with the Magnesians. The divisions are clearly geographical: Greece north of Oeta, Greece between Oeta and the Isthmus: Greece south of the Isthmus: islands in the west sea: islands in the Aegean. The only exception is that the Aetolians are put with the Western islanders, instead of in division I. with the Phocians. Greece N. of Oeta corresponds to the historical Thessaly. The northern boundary was the same as it has always been. In later times Hesiod (fr. 96 ed. Rzach 1908) admitted Megara to the Catalogue (under Ajax), and in Dictys' list (i. 17) we find Thebes, Acarnania, the Cyclades, and even Colophon. II. Not only the commanders of the ships are given, but how many ships each brought. Thucydides, it is well known (i. 10), endeavoured to strike an average and estimate the strength of the armada. I do not wish to raise this question, or the probability of the total, or, even less, to draw any inference to the population of Greece or of the separate states. I think on the other hand the figures allow a conclusion to the relative size and importance of the states. This is suggested by the plausibility of the numbers, especially, as will appear, in the case of places which had been forgotten, like Pylos and Dulichium. Some attempts were made to tamper with the figures, but they did not affect the vulgate.6 I give the forces in a table. 100 Agamemnon. 90 Nestor. 80 Crete (90 Diodorus, v. 79), Argos. 60 Sparta, Arcadia. 50 Boeotians, Athenians, Pelasgic Argos. 40 Phocians, Locrians (of Opus), Euboeans, Eleans, Dulichians, Aetolians, Iton, etc. (Protesilaus), Ormenion, etc. (Eury- pylus), Oloosson, etc. (Polypoetes), Magnesians. 30 Orchomenus ; Nisyrus, Cos, etc.; Tricca-Oechalia. 6 The catalogue of the Iph. Aul. gives the agrees; Ajax in some accounts brought 13 not Argives-.50 ships, the Athenians 60, Gouneus 12 ; C.R. 1901, 346 sq. Diodorus v. 79, raises 12 instead of 22 in which Pap. Oxyrynchus 22 the Cretan contingent to 90. THE HOMERIC CATALOGUE 295 22 Cyphus, etc. (12 according to others). 12 Salamis (13 others), Cephallenes. 11 Pherae (Eumelus). 9 Rhodes.' 7 Methone (Philoctetes). 3 Syme. Twenty-nine contingents in all. In this list the striking features are the great power of Pylos (slightly stronger than Argos, and materially stronger than Sparta or Arcadia, it is the second state in Peloponnesus; Nestor's prominence in the Iliad is not entirely due to his age and eloquence); the even balance of power between the peoples of central Greece, 50-40-30; the accurate differentiation between the islands, Syme, Rhodes, and the Coan archipelago; and the political insignificance of such prominent heroes as Ulysses and the Telamonian Ajax. As Euboea to Ajax, so is Dulichium to Ulysses. I proceed to notice some sections in particular. III. 1. Boeotia. Thuc. i. 12 says BOKBTO/ . eg "Apvr)<; dvaardvTe<; VTTO %e<T(raX(i>v . rrjv vvv HoicoTtav . w/cqcrav, whence, as the Boeotians are in Boeotia in Homer, it has been inferred that this part of the Catalogue is post-Dorian. Thucydides was probably misled by the nomenclature. Some- races certainly carried their names south with them, the Hellenes, Enienes, Phlegyae, Achaei, whom we can see moving; others took the name of the country which they occupied, and this seems generally true of the Dorians, who became in Argos 'Apyeloi, in Lacedaemon AaiceSaifiopioi, in Elis 'HXeioi, and similarly probably in Boeotia Hoiatroi. There is no evidence that the name BO/.COTOL was ever borne by anyone north of Oeta. The Dorians in general took their name, according to their own tradition, from Awpi9; or according to Herodotus from Dryopis; they were not called Dorians till they arrived in Peloponnesus; when therefore we find a place called Awpiov in Peloponnesus it is a simple case of the same place-name recurring in Greece, like Ephyra, Oechalia, Orchomenus, Thebae, and has nothing to do with race.7—Homer knows of no Muses in Boeotia, though Thespiae exists.
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