DOCSLIB.ORG

THE EVOLUTION of TRADITIONAL THEATRE and the DEVELOPMENT of MODERN THEATRE in IRAN by Iraj Emami Thesis Submitted to the Faculty

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
THE EVOLUTION of TRADITIONAL THEATRE and the DEVELOPMENT of MODERN THEATRE in IRAN by Iraj Emami Thesis Submitted to the Faculty THE EVOLUTION OF TRADITIONAL THEATRE AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN THEATRE IN IRAN by Iraj Emami Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Arts, for The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Edinburgh September 1987 To Husayn Ali Zadeh, Muhammad Reza Lutfi and Muhammad Reza Shajarian. ABSTRACT This thesis seeks to describe and analyse the evolution of traditional theatre in Iran and its development towards occidental and modern theatre, up to the Revolution of 1979. The introductory chapter consists of a brief historical background to the Persian theatre and a discussion of its roots. Chapter II examines the origin of popular theatrical forms in Iran and its development from such popular narrative forms such as story-telling, poetic recitation, oratorical contest, public amusements and puppet theatre. Chapter III concerns Taziya, the passion play of Iran, the most famous and influential form of theatre in the nineteenth century. Taziya's origin, form, music and all related forms of traditional drama have been examined in this chapter. Chapter IV focuses on the evolution of Taqlid and its developed form, Takht-i-Hawzi, the popular Iranian comedy. Chapter V looks at the development of theatre in Iran during the Qajar era when both comic and tragic theatre, or Takht-i Hawzi and Taziya grew in two opposite directions and the first direct steps towards the evolution of a written text for the performance of occidental theatre were taken. Chapter VI ;s a survey of the formation of modern theatre in Iran and the role of education in its development. Also the impact of western culture on this evolution is examined. Chapter VII focuses on the pre-revolutionary Iranian theatre under the later period of the rule of M.R. Shall and its censorship. This chapter looks at the cultural conditions and forms of protest against government pressure. As an appendix to the Thesis there is a translation of the contemporary Iranian play "A Dog in the Harvest Place" by N. Navidi. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page L1ST OF PLATES............................................. (i) TRANSLITERATION ...•••....•.••••.•.•.•.•.•..•..••...••...•.. (ii) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS........................................... (iii) CHAPTER I INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER ......................... 1 CHAPTER II POPULAR TRADITION AND ITS INFLUENCE ON IRANIAN THEATRE............................... 17 -- Naqqa 1 i . 18 Shahnama Khwani...............................- 28 Zurkhana......................................- - 31 Sukhan-vari...................................- 31 Marlka-glrl...................................'. -:-: 34 Shamayi 1 Gardani.............................. 35 Shahr-i-Farang................................. 38 Khayma-shab-bazi............................... 40 , CHAPTER III A BRIEF SURVEY OF TAZIYA (PERSIAN TRADITIONAL DRAMA) Traditional and Western Influence of Drama on the Qajar Period.............................. 47 Naqqa11 and its relation with Shabih-Khwan1... 54 Mawlud1, The Bride of the Qura1sh(or The Bride of Bilq;s).................................... 56 Muharram Commemorations....................... 57 Rawza -Khwa ni. 58 Nawheh-Khwani- - .................•... : : . ~ . 58 Traditional Music in Iran and its Relation with Iranian Traditional Theatre ....•...• ~ 60 Persian Traditional Music ...........••. ~.:~ 64 Persian Traditional Instruments............ 65 A Glance at the technical aspects of Iranian Traditional Music.......................... 65 How music is put to use in Ta'ziya......... 71 CHAPTER IV THE EVOLUTION OF TAQLID AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF IRANIAN TRADITIONAL THEATRE (Takht-i-Hawii or Ru Hawii,) ............... ~ 77 The movement of Taq1id- towards Iranian Comedy Thea tre. 83 Improvisation ...•................ :......... 90 Scenery. 98 Lighting................................... 99 Mu sic. • . 100 l Women's theatre or 'theatrica1 games :..... 103 CHAPTER V THE QAJAR PERIOD A NEW BEGINNING.............. 113 The New School. Discussion of Akhund Zadeh and Mirza Agha Tabrizi ................. ~~.. 127 ~ - Azarbaijani Writers........................ 134 CHAPTER VI THE INFLUENCE OF WESTERN THEATRICAL THEORY FROM 1905........................... 137 The role of Education in the development of theatre in Iran............................ 137 Sazman-i Parvarish-i Afkar.................. 140 Nushin's Drama Class....................... 145 Anahita Open Faculty of Acting............. 146 The Faculty of Dramatic Arts............... 147 The Faculty of Theatre..................... 148 Faculty of Fine Arts....................... 148 University Theatre......................... 148 The Impact of the Western School on Iranian theatre............................ 150 Governmental theatre....................... 155 The first step towards a national theatre.. 158 Governmental Groups........................ 168 CHAPTER VII THEATRE UNDER THE CENSORSHIP............... 170 The impact of the Theatre of the Absurd on Iranian Theatre.................. 188 Festival of Popular Tradition.............. 194 Festival of Tus, 1975-1978................. 194 The impact of Theatrical Activities of the Marxist-Socialist School on the Development of Iranian Theatre ..... 195 Contempory Iranian Playwrights .•.•..•..•... 204 - Bahram- Bayza. i .....•...........•...•...•.... 205 - Akbar Radi- ................................ 206 Bizhan Mu f; d •••....•.•••••••.••••.••••..•.••.. 206 ... Nusrat Allah Navidi-- ...•..•.•................•. 207 Guruh-i-Hunar-i Mi11i (the National Arts Group)................................... 208 The Ja'fari Group............................. 220 Tiatr-i Anahi ta (the Anahi tIl Theatre)......... 221 Anjuman-i-tiatr-i Iran (the Iranian Theatre Association).......................... 229 CONCLUSION. • • . • • • • • • . • . • • • • . • . • . • • • • • • . • • • . • • . • • • • • . 231 APPEND I X. • • • . • • • • . • • • • . • • . • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • . • • • • 235 BIBLIOGRAPHy......... ..........•.............. ....... ... 272 LIST OF PLATES 1 • Sadiq Ali Shah, The Famous Iranian Naqqal. 2. A Painting, Parda, (Shamayil). 3. Shahr-i-Farang. ( 4. An Actor Acting in Taz;ya. 5. A Group of Taziya Actors. 6. A Group of Musicians Playing in Taziya. - 7. Jafar Vali and Fakhri Khurvash, in Amir Arsalan, A Ru-Hawzi Play. 8. Kamancha, Tar and Tunbak, Instruments used in Ru-Hawii~ 9. A View of Takiyya-yi- Dawlat, (Tehran). ( i ) TRANSLITERATION The system used for transliterating Persian is that used by the Department of Arabic at Edinburgh University. ( i i ) • ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A deep appreciation is expressed to my Supervisor Dr. G.R. Sabrf~Tabrizi who inspired and helped me during my years of education at Edinburgh University. I have a particular gratitude for Dr. M. MacDonal d for hi s careful readi ng through of the vari ous drafts of this thesis and his generous advice and guidance. I thank Miss Crawford, the Department Secretary, who gave considerable assistance. I express a special appreciation to my parents and my brothers, whose help was of inestimable value. I would like to thank Miss Christine Barnard for reproofing the manuscript. I thank very much Mrs Valerie Haemsirirat who very carefully typed this thesis. - Last but not least I would like to thank Mr Khalil Dilmagani- and Mr Abbas Javanmard for their assistance in providing me with some documents about Iranian contempory theatre. ( iii) CHAPTER I INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER Iranian history has undergone many changes, both socially and politically affecting both the lives of its people and their outlooks. Art, and in particular the performance arts, which have, by their very nature been a reflection of social consciousness, has as a result been vunerab1e to the ravages of time and social change in Iran. In a study of Persian drama it is therefore necessary to assess its development within the context of social structure changes which Iran has undergone. The principal performance art, drama, has been greatly influenced by a wide range of events in Persian history, and in order to appreciate it one must have comprehensive knowledge of Persian history and its role in the evolution of Persian theatre and the development of modern drama in Iran. Although there are not enough facts and documents available to prove the existence of the theatre form as we know it from Ancient Greece to Ancient Iran, we know that the Aryan people had their own customs and fascinating rituals which were employed in certain festivals as well as in their entertainments. These ritual forms and festival s evolved into various theatrical forms and dramatic performances. A survey of theatrical forms and the dramatic arts in the Ancient World requires research into different religions and ritual customs, and this will give us certain ideas about the roots of this form in I ran. Around 540 B. C., Wi shtaspa, a mi nor king of Khorasan (or Si stan) we1 comed Zoroaster to hi s court. [1 J Zoraster was a sage who preached that the Mazdaist religion should adopt a more [lJ Jean Varenne, Zarathustre, Cit. Jean Hureau, Iran Today.Iran National Tourist Organisation, 1972. P. 86. - 1 - spiritual approach. The King became a convert, and Mazdaism spread gradually to the whole of Iran. An important and almost immediate development was the adhesi on of the Magi to thi s al most doctri nal rel i gi on. The Magi were bel i eved to be an Aryan tri be that had settled in the North-West of Iran, and were eventually to be identified with Mazdaism. May be at the beginning they were not exclusively devoted to the rite, but they soon became so, spent all their time
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Iranian Traditional Music Dastgah Classification
    12th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR 2011) IRANIAN TRADITIONAL MUSIC DASTGAH CLASSIFICATION SajjadAbdoli Computer Department, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran [email protected] ABSTRACT logic to integrate music tuning theory and practice. After feature extraction, the proposed system assumes In this study, a system for Iranian traditional music Dastgah each performed note as an IT2FS, so each musical piece is a classification is presented. Persian music is based upon a set set of IT2FSs.The maximum similarity between this set and of seven major Dastgahs. The Dastgah in Persian music is theoretical Dastgah prototypes, which are also sets of similar to western musical scales and also Maqams in IT2FSs, indicates the desirable Dastgah. Gedik et al. [10] Turkish and Arabic music. Fuzzy logic type 2 as the basic used the songs of the dataset to construct the patterns, part of our system has been used for modeling the whereas in this study, the system makes no assumption about uncertainty of tuning the scale steps of each Dastgah. The the data except that different Dastgahs have different pitch method assumes each performed note as a Fuzzy Set (FS), so intervals. Figure 1 shows the schematic diagram of the each musical piece is a set of FSs. The maximum similarity system. We also show that the system can recognize the between this set and theoretical data indicates the desirable Dastgah of the songs of the proposed dataset with overall Dastgah. In this study, a collection of small-sized dataset for accuracy of 85%. Persian music is also given.
    [Show full text]
  • Mah Tir, Mah Bahman & Asfandarmad 1 Mah Asfandarmad 1369
    Mah Tir, Mah Bahman & Asfandarmad 1 Mah Asfandarmad 1369, Fravardin & l FEZAN A IN S I D E T HJ S I S S U E Federation of Zoroastrian • Summer 2000, Tabestal1 1369 YZ • Associations of North America http://www.fezana.org PRESIDENT: Framroze K. Patel 3 Editorial - Pallan R. Ichaporia 9 South Circle, Woodbridge, NJ 07095 (732) 634-8585, (732) 636-5957 (F) 4 From the President - Framroze K. Patel president@ fezana. org 5 FEZANA Update 6 On the North American Scene FEZ ANA 10 Coming Events (World Congress 2000) Jr ([]) UJIR<J~ AIL '14 Interfaith PUBLICATION OF THE FEDERATION OF ZOROASTRIAN ASSOCIATIONS OF '15 Around the World NORTH AMERICA 20 A Millennium Gift - Four New Agiaries in Mumbai CHAIRPERSON: Khorshed Jungalwala Rohinton M. Rivetna 53 Firecut Lane, Sudbury, MA 01776 Cover Story: (978) 443-6858, (978) 440-8370 (F) 22 kayj@ ziplink.net Honoring our Past: History of Iran, from Legendary Times EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: Roshan Rivetna 5750 S. Jackson St. Hinsdale, IL 60521 through the Sasanian Empire (630) 325-5383, (630) 734-1579 (F) Guest Editor Pallan R. Ichaporia ri vetna@ lucent. com 23 A Place in World History MILESTONES/ ANNOUNCEMENTS Roshan Rivetna with Pallan R. Ichaporia Mahrukh Motafram 33 Legendary History of the Peshdadians - Pallan R. Ichaporia 2390 Chanticleer, Brookfield, WI 53045 (414) 821-5296, [email protected] 35 Jamshid, History or Myth? - Pen1in J. Mist1y EDITORS 37 The Kayanian Dynasty - Pallan R. Ichaporia Adel Engineer, Dolly Malva, Jamshed Udvadia 40 The Persian Empire of the Achaemenians Pallan R. Ichaporia YOUTHFULLY SPEAKING: Nenshad Bardoliwalla 47 The Parthian Empire - Rashna P.
    [Show full text]
  • A Framework for the Static and Dynamic Analysis of Interaction Graphs
    A Framework for the Static and Dynamic Analysis of Interaction Graphs DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Sitaram Asur, B.E., M.Sc. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2009 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Prof. Srinivasan Parthasarathy, Adviser Prof. Gagan Agrawal Adviser Prof. P. Sadayappan Graduate Program in Computer Science and Engineering c Copyright by Sitaram Asur 2009 ABSTRACT Data originating from many different real-world domains can be represented mean- ingfully as interaction networks. Examples abound, ranging from gene expression networks to social networks, and from the World Wide Web to protein-protein inter- action networks. The study of these complex networks can result in the discovery of meaningful patterns and can potentially afford insight into the structure, properties and behavior of these networks. Hence, there is a need to design suitable algorithms to extract or infer meaningful information from these networks. However, the challenges involved are daunting. First, most of these real-world networks have specific topological constraints that make the task of extracting useful patterns using traditional data mining techniques difficult. Additionally, these networks can be noisy (containing unreliable interac- tions), which makes the process of knowledge discovery difficult. Second, these net- works are usually dynamic in nature. Identifying the portions of the network that are changing, characterizing and modeling the evolution, and inferring or predict- ing future trends are critical challenges that need to be addressed in the context of understanding the evolutionary behavior of such networks. To address these challenges, we propose a framework of algorithms designed to detect, analyze and reason about the structure, behavior and evolution of real-world interaction networks.
    [Show full text]
  • Iconological Study of “Rustam in Struggle with Div-E Sepid” in Tilework of Karim Khan-E Zand Citadel Portal in Shiraz Based on Erwin Panofsky Method Ali Asadpour*1
    Bagh-e Nazar, 17(86), 33-46 /Aug. 2020 DOI: 10.22034/bagh.2019.185313.4105 Persian translation of this paper entitled: مطالعۀ شمایل شناسانۀ نبرد »رستم و دیو سپید« در کاشی نگارۀ سردر ارگ کریمخان شیراز به روش »اروین پانوفسکی« is also published in this issue of journal. Iconological Study of “Rustam in Struggle with Div-e Sepid” in Tilework of Karim Khan-e Zand Citadel Portal in Shiraz Based on Erwin Panofsky Method Ali Asadpour*1 1. Assistant Professor, Interior Architecture Department, Shiraz University of Arts, Shiraz, Iran. Received: 11/05/2019 ; revised: 14/10/2019 ; accepted: 19/10/2019 ; available online: 22/07/2020 Abstract Problem Statement: The “Rustam and Div-e Sepid (White Demon)” tilework painting on the Karim Khan citadel (Arg) is one of the Qajarian’s interventions into this Zandian’s building. In addition to its artistic features, this work has a special social and governmental significance. However, it has received less attention from researchers. A new interpretation of it could provide a deeper understanding of the developments of the Zandian’s complex at Qajar era. The research is based on the hypotheses that this tilework in spite of its artistic role -in keeping with the Iranian tradition of illustrating the struggle of Rustam and Div-e Sepid in the art- also has non-artistic (political and governmental) functions. Research objective: The aim of the research is to recognize the content and conceptual aspects of this neglected tilework in its historical and social context and to identify its political and governmental functions in the Karim Khan citadel (Arg).
    [Show full text]
  • Robert Lepage's Scenographic Dramaturgy: the Aesthetic Signature at Work
    1 Robert Lepage’s Scenographic Dramaturgy: The Aesthetic Signature at Work Melissa Poll Abstract Heir to the écriture scénique introduced by theatre’s modern movement, director Robert Lepage’s scenography is his entry point when re-envisioning an extant text. Due to widespread interest in the Québécois auteur’s devised offerings, however, Lepage’s highly visual interpretations of canonical works remain largely neglected in current scholarship. My paper seeks to address this gap, theorizing Lepage’s approach as a three-pronged ‘scenographic dramaturgy’, composed of historical-spatial mapping, metamorphous space and kinetic bodies. By referencing a range of Lepage’s extant text productions and aligning elements of his work to historical and contemporary models of scenography-driven performance, this project will detail how the three components of Lepage’s scenographic dramaturgy ‘write’ meaning-making performance texts. Historical-Spatial Mapping as the foundation for Lepage’s Scenographic Dramaturgy In itself, Lepage’s reliance on evocative scenography is inline with the aesthetics of various theatre-makers. Examples range from Appia and Craig’s early experiments summoning atmosphere through lighting and minimalist sets to Penny Woolcock’s English National Opera production of John Adams’s Dr. Atomic1 which uses digital projections and film clips to revisit the circumstances leading up to Little Boy’s release on Hiroshima in 1945. Other artists known for a signature visual approach to locating narrative include Simon McBurney, who incorporates digital projections to present Moscow via a Google Maps perspective in Complicité’s The Master and Margarita and auteur Benedict Andrews, whose recent production of Three Sisters sees Chekhov’s heroines stranded on a mound of dirt at the play’s conclusion, an apt metaphor for their dreary futures in provincial Russia.
    [Show full text]
  • Cool Trombone Lover
    NOVEMBER 2013 - ISSUE 139 YOUR FREE GUIDE TO THE NYC JAZZ SCENE NYCJAZZRECORD.COM ROSWELL RUDD COOL TROMBONE LOVER MICHEL • DAVE • GEORGE • RELATIVE • EVENT CAMILO KING FREEMAN PITCH CALENDAR “BEST JAZZ CLUBS OF THE YEAR 2012” SMOKE JAZZ & SUPPER CLUB • HARLEM, NEW YORK CITY FEATURED ARTISTS / 7:00, 9:00 & 10:30pm ONE NIGHT ONLY / 7:00, 9:00 & 10:30pm RESIDENCIES / 7:00, 9:00 & 10:30pm Fri & Sat, Nov 1 & 2 Wed, Nov 6 Sundays, Nov 3 & 17 GARY BARTZ QUARTET PLUS MICHAEL RODRIGUEZ QUINTET Michael Rodriguez (tp) ● Chris Cheek (ts) SaRon Crenshaw Band SPECIAL GUEST VINCENT HERRING Jeb Patton (p) ● Kiyoshi Kitagawa (b) Sundays, Nov 10 & 24 Gary Bartz (as) ● Vincent Herring (as) Obed Calvaire (d) Vivian Sessoms Sullivan Fortner (p) ● James King (b) ● Greg Bandy (d) Wed, Nov 13 Mondays, Nov 4 & 18 Fri & Sat, Nov 8 & 9 JACK WALRATH QUINTET Jason Marshall Big Band BILL STEWART QUARTET Jack Walrath (tp) ● Alex Foster (ts) Mondays, Nov 11 & 25 Chris Cheek (ts) ● Kevin Hays (p) George Burton (p) ● tba (b) ● Donald Edwards (d) Captain Black Big Band Doug Weiss (b) ● Bill Stewart (d) Wed, Nov 20 Tuesdays, Nov 5, 12, 19, & 26 Fri & Sat, Nov 15 & 16 BOB SANDS QUARTET Mike LeDonne’s Groover Quartet “OUT AND ABOUT” CD RELEASE LOUIS HAYES Bob Sands (ts) ● Joel Weiskopf (p) Thursdays, Nov 7, 14, 21 & 28 & THE JAZZ COMMUNICATORS Gregg August (b) ● Donald Edwards (d) Gregory Generet Abraham Burton (ts) ● Steve Nelson (vibes) Kris Bowers (p) ● Dezron Douglas (b) ● Louis Hayes (d) Wed, Nov 27 RAY MARCHICA QUARTET LATE NIGHT RESIDENCIES / 11:30 - Fri & Sat, Nov 22 & 23 FEATURING RODNEY JONES Mon The Smoke Jam Session Chase Baird (ts) ● Rodney Jones (guitar) CYRUS CHESTNUT TRIO Tue Cyrus Chestnut (p) ● Curtis Lundy (b) ● Victor Lewis (d) Mike LeDonne (organ) ● Ray Marchica (d) Milton Suggs Quartet Wed Brianna Thomas Quartet Fri & Sat, Nov 29 & 30 STEVE DAVIS SEXTET JAZZ BRUNCH / 11:30am, 1:00 & 2:30pm Thu Nickel and Dime OPS “THE MUSIC OF J.J.
    [Show full text]
  • Staging Iranian Modernity: Authors in Search of New Forms
    Copyright by Maryam Shariati 2016 The Dissertation Committee for Maryam Shariati certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Staging Iranian Modernity: Authors in Search of New Forms Committee: Elizabeth M. Richmond-Garza, Supervisor Mohammad R. Ghanoonparvar, Co-Supervisor Lynn R. Wilkinson Katherine M. Arens Sofian Merabet Staging Iranian Modernity: Authors in Search of New Forms by Maryam Shariati, B.A.; M.A. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY The University of Texas at Austin May 2016 Dedication For my soulmate, Ehsan. For everything. Acknowledgements I wish to gratefully acknowledge the guidance and support I have received, intellectual and otherwise, throughout the process of composing and revising this dissertation. My first debt of gratitude is to my dissertation committee members and in particular my indefatigable supervisor, Professor Elizabeth Richmond-Garza, for her unflinching encouragement and infinite forbearance throughout my studies at The University of Texas at Austin. She has been an erudite mentor, critical commentator, and encouraging guide and I thank her for sharing her wealth of knowledge, invaluable insight and expertise in this project. To my co-supervisor, Professor Mohammad R. Ghanoonparvar, I owe immeasurable debt of gratitude for his intellectual guidance and strong commitment to my research—from the start to finish. His boundless enthusiasm, great knowledge, and unfathomable erudition opened an avenue to many stimulating discussions and enabled me to have a clear direction of my project. Another substantial acknowledgement must go to Professor Lynn Wilkinson for her instrumental role at every stage of my research: conceptualizing, researching, and writing.
    [Show full text]
  • The Poetics of Commitment in Modern Persian: a Case of Three Revolutionary Poets in Iran
    The Poetics of Commitment in Modern Persian: A Case of Three Revolutionary Poets in Iran by Samad Josef Alavi A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Near Eastern Studies in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in Charge: Professor Shahwali Ahmadi, Chair Professor Muhammad Siddiq Professor Robert Kaufman Fall 2013 Abstract The Poetics of Commitment in Modern Persian: A Case of Three Revolutionary Poets in Iran by Samad Josef Alavi Doctor of Philosophy in Near Eastern Studies University of California, Berkeley Professor Shahwali Ahmadi, Chair Modern Persian literary histories generally characterize the decades leading up to the Iranian Revolution of 1979 as a single episode of accumulating political anxieties in Persian poetics, as in other areas of cultural production. According to the dominant literary-historical narrative, calls for “committed poetry” (she‘r-e mota‘ahhed) grew louder over the course of the radical 1970s, crescendoed with the monarch’s ouster, and then faded shortly thereafter as the consolidation of the Islamic Republic shattered any hopes among the once-influential Iranian Left for a secular, socio-economically equitable political order. Such a narrative has proven useful for locating general trends in poetic discourses of the last five decades, but it does not account for the complex and often divergent ways in which poets and critics have reconciled their political and aesthetic commitments. This dissertation begins with the historical assumption that in Iran a question of how poetry must serve society and vice versa did in fact acquire a heightened sense of urgency sometime during the ideologically-charged years surrounding the revolution.
    [Show full text]
  • FEZANA Journal Do Not Necessarily Reflect the Feroza Fitch of Views of FEZANA Or Members of This Publication's Editorial Board
    FEZANA FEZANA JOURNAL ZEMESTAN 1379 AY 3748 ZRE VOL. 24, NO. 4 WINTER/DECEMBER 2010 G WINTER/DECEMBER 2010 JOURJO N AL Dae – Behman – Spendarmad 1379 AY (Fasli) G Amordad – Shehrever – Meher 1380 AY (Shenshai) G Shehrever – Meher – Avan 1380 AY (Kadimi) CELEBRATING 1000 YEARS Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh: The Soul of Iran HAPPY NEW YEAR 2011 Also Inside: Earliest surviving manuscripts Sorabji Pochkhanawala: India’s greatest banker Obama questioned by Zoroastrian students U.S. Presidential Executive Mission PUBLICATION OF THE FEDERATION OF ZOROASTRIAN ASSOCIATIONS OF NORTH AMERICA PUBLICATION OF THE FEDERATION OF ZOROASTRIAN ASSOCIATIONS OF NORTH AMERICA Vol 24 No 4 Winter / December 2010 Zemestan 1379 AY 3748 ZRE President Bomi V Patel www.fezana.org Editor in Chief: Dolly Dastoor 2 Editorial [email protected] Technical Assistant: Coomi Gazdar Dolly Dastoor Assistant to Editor: Dinyar Patel Consultant Editor: Lylah M. Alphonse, [email protected] 6 Financial Report Graphic & Layout: Shahrokh Khanizadeh, www.khanizadeh.info Cover design: Feroza Fitch, 8 FEZANA UPDATE-World Youth Congress [email protected] Publications Chair: Behram Pastakia Columnists: Hoshang Shroff: [email protected] Shazneen Rabadi Gandhi : [email protected] 12 SHAHNAMEH-the Soul of Iran Yezdi Godiwalla: [email protected] Behram Panthaki::[email protected] Behram Pastakia: [email protected] Mahrukh Motafram: [email protected] 50 IN THE NEWS Copy editors: R Mehta, V Canteenwalla Subscription Managers: Arnavaz Sethna: [email protected];
    [Show full text]
  • The Poetics of Persian Music
    The Poetics of Persian Music: The Intimate Correlation between Prosody and Persian Classical Music by Farzad Amoozegar-Fassie B.A., The University of Toronto, 2008 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in The Faculty of Graduate Studies (Music) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) August 2010 © Farzad Amoozegar-Fassie, 2010 Abstract Throughout most historical narratives and descriptions of Persian arts, poetry has had a profound influence on the development and preservation of Persian classical music, in particularly after the emergence of Islam in Iran. A Persian poetic structure consists of two parts: the form (its fundamental rhythmic structure, or prosody) and the content (the message that a poem conveys to its audience, or theme). As the practice of using rhythmic cycles—once prominent in Iran— deteriorated, prosody took its place as the source of rhythmic organization and inspiration. The recognition and reliance on poetry was especially evident amongst Iranian musicians, who by the time of Islamic rule had been banished from the public sphere due to the sinful socio-religious outlook placed on music. As the musicians’ dependency on prosody steadily grew stronger, poetry became the preserver, and, to a great extent, the foundation of Persian music’s oral tradition. While poetry has always been a significant part of any performance of Iranian classical music, little attention has been paid to the vitality of Persian/Arabic prosody as its main rhythmic basis. Poetic prosody is the rhythmic foundation of the Persian repertoire the radif, and as such it makes possible the development, memorization, expansion, and creation of the complex rhythmic and melodic compositions during the art of improvisation.
    [Show full text]
  • Women Musicians and Dancers in Post-Revolution Iran
    Negotiating a Position: Women Musicians and Dancers in Post-Revolution Iran Parmis Mozafari Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Leeds School of Music January 2011 The candidate confIrms that the work submitted is her own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. 2011 The University of Leeds Parmis Mozafari Acknowledgment I would like to express my gratitude to ORSAS scholarship committee and the University of Leeds Tetly and Lupton funding committee for offering the financial support that enabled me to do this research. I would also like to thank my supervisors Professor Kevin Dawe and Dr Sita Popat for their constructive suggestions and patience. Abstract This research examines the changes in conditions of music and dance after the 1979 revolution in Iran. My focus is the restrictions imposed on women instrumentalists, dancers and singers and the ways that have confronted them. I study the social, religious, and political factors that cause restrictive attitudes towards female performers. I pay particular attention to changes in some specific musical genres and the attitudes of the government officials towards them in pre and post-revolution Iran. I have tried to demonstrate the emotional and professional effects of post-revolution boundaries on female musicians and dancers. Chapter one of this thesis is a historical overview of the position of female performers in pre-modern and contemporary Iran.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Azerbaijan (Textbook)
    DILGAM ISMAILOV HISTORY OF AZERBAIJAN (TEXTBOOK) Azerbaijan Architecture and Construction University Methodological Council of the meeting dated July 7, 2017, was published at the direction of № 6 BAKU - 2017 Dilgam Yunis Ismailov. History of Azerbaijan, AzMİU NPM, Baku, 2017, p.p.352 Referents: Anar Jamal Iskenderov Konul Ramiq Aliyeva All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means. Electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright owner. In Azerbaijan University of Architecture and Construction, the book “History of Azerbaijan” is written on the basis of a syllabus covering all topics of the subject. Author paid special attention to the current events when analyzing the different periods of Azerbaijan. This book can be used by other high schools that also teach “History of Azerbaijan” in English to bachelor students, master students, teachers, as well as to the independent learners of our country’s history. 2 © Dilgam Ismailov, 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword…………………………………….……… 9 I Theme. Introduction to the history of Azerbaijan 10 II Theme: The Primitive Society in Azerbaijan…. 18 1.The Initial Residential Dwellings……….............… 18 2.The Stone Age in Azerbaijan……………………… 19 3.The Copper, Bronze and Iron Ages in Azerbaijan… 23 4.The Collapse of the Primitive Communal System in Azerbaijan………………………………………….... 28 III Theme: The Ancient and Early States in Azer- baijan. The Atropatena and Albanian Kingdoms.. 30 1.The First Tribal Alliances and Initial Public Institutions in Azerbaijan……………………………. 30 2.The Kingdom of Manna…………………………… 34 3.The Atropatena and Albanian Kingdoms………….
    [Show full text]