References Anacleto, T. C. and Marinho-Filho, J. 2001. Habito A Reference List of Common Names for the alimentar do tatu-canastra (Xenarthra, Dasypodi- Edentates dae) em uma area de cerrado do Brasil Central. Rev. Brasil. Zool. 18(3): 681–688. Mariella Superina Burmeister, H. 1867a. Notes on the skeleton of Dasy- John M. Aguiar pus gigas; and notes on Chlamydophorus retusus. Anal. Mus. Buenos Aires: 32. Edentates are found in every country of the Western Burmeister, G. 1867b. Sobre el esqueleto de Dasypus Hemisphere except Canada and the smaller Carib- gigas y su relación con otros. Acta Soc. Paleont. de bean islands. This panoramic distribution has brought Buenos Aires: 32–34. them into contact with a profusion of languages, and Benirschke, K. and Wurster, D. H. 1969. The chro- some widespread species have been known by many mosomes of the giant armadillo, Priodontes dozens or hundreds of indigenous names. The ascent giganteus Geoffroy. Acta Zool. Path. Antwerp. 49: of European languages to continental dominance has 125–130. given rise to many more — some of them adaptations Carter, T. 1983. The burrows of the giant armadillos, of prior native terms, and others entirely new. Priodontes maximus (Edentata: Dasypodidae). Säugetierk. Mitt. 31: 47–53. Two of these latecomer tongues, Spanish and Portu- Carter, T. and Encarnação, C. 1983. Characteristics guese, overlay virtually the entire range of the eden- and use of burrows by four species of armadillos tate order, and together they encompass more local in Brazil. J. Mammal. 64: 103–108. and regional variants than any other extant language. Ceresoli, N. and Fernandez-Duque, E. 2004. Spanish common names in particular are myriad, Structure and use of burrows by giant arma- diverse and frequently confusing; the suite of terms dillos (Priodontes maximus) in the Argentin- in one country may be entirely distinct from anoth- ean Gran Chaco. 84th Annual Meeting of the er — and the same name may be used for different American Society of Mammalogy, June 12–16, species in several different areas. This is not to say 2004, Humboldt State University, Arcata, that pandemonium reigns: experienced research- California. ers know the terrain, and field biologists are famil- Jarvis, C. 1969. Studying wild mammals in captivity: iar with the local names where they work. But for Standard life histories with an appendix on zoo those searching through reports or making compari- records. Int. Zoo Ybk. 1: 316–328. sons from afar — or those who are simply new to the Leeuwenberg, F. 1997. Edentata as a food resource: field — aligning the common and Latin names may Subsistence hunting by Xavante Indians, Brazil. take a great deal of paging through far-flung refer- Edentata (3): 4–5. ences. Meritt Jr., D. A. 1973. Observations on the status of the giant armadillo, Priodontes giganteus, in Para- We have done some paging ourselves, and here we guay. Zoologica (New York) 58: 103. share the results of our efforts: a compilation of the Meritt Jr., D. A. 1977. Edentate nutrition. In: CRC established common names in the major languages of Handbook Series in Nutrition and Food, Vol. 1, Neotropical science, together with as broad a selec- M. Recheigl (ed.), pp.541–547. CRC Press, tion of current local names as we could assemble. We Cleveland, Ohio. also present a sampling of the hundreds of indigenous Meritt Jr., D. A. In review. Xenarthrans of the names which still survive throughout Central and Paraguayan Chaco. In: The Biology of the South America, in recognition of the many peoples Xenarthra, S. F. Vizcaíno and W. J. Loughry and cultures who first gave names to the edentates. (eds.). The University Press of Florida, Gainesville. This is an expansive list, but it is by no means exhaus- Parera, A. 2002. Los Mamíferos de la Argentina y la tive in any of these languages; a truly comprehensive Región Austral de Sudamérica. Editorial El Ateneo, document would want a lifetime of ethnographic Buenos Aires. surveys throughout the hemisphere. Instead we have Porini, G. 1999. Tatú carreta Priodontes maximus: tried to compile, in a workable matrix, the names Futura extinción producida por el hombre? XIV which have already been included in a variety of field Jornadas Argentinas de Mastozoologia, Salta 8.- guides, monographs, articles and other publications. 10.11.99, p.38. Not all versions of each name have been listed here; Porini, G. 2001. Tatú carreta (Priodontes maximus) en many indigenous languages are only spoken, not Argentina. Edentata (4): 9–14. written, and countless variants may stem from dif-
33 ferences in transcription and pronunciation. Rather in the tables below. These names are generally used than list a dense tangle of infinite detail, we have by the other major sources, but in cases where they tried to create a useful index of active common provide different terms we have cited them individu- names, in hopes of providing an easy but thorough ally. Superina (2000) adds several sensible variants reference guide. which we felt should be included, and Duff and Law- son’s recent book, Mammals of the World: A Checklist For the Latin names we follow the working taxonomy (2004) is a valuable secondary source. of the Edentate Specialist Group, as presented in Fon- seca and Aguiar (2004), which itself follows the tax- There appears to be no Spanish counterpart to Wilson onomy of Mammal Species of the World, Second and and Cole (2000), so for the primary names in Span- Third Editions (Wilson and Reeder, 1993, 2005). ish we have relied on Neotropical Rainforest Mammals We have listed the species names in alphabetical order by Emmons and Feer (1997), and the three volumes within each of the three major divisions of the Xen- of Mammals of the Neotropics by Eisenberg and Red- arthra; this is a linguistic rather than a phylogenetic ford (1989, 1992, 1999). Emmons and Feer in par- display, and no particular taxonomic arrangement ticular give a wealth of names in more than a dozen is implied. languages, although their focus excludes most of the armadillos. We have also referred to Gene Montgom- For the English common names, we rely primarily on ery’s 1985 volume on The Evolution and Ecology of Wilson and Cole’s Common Names of Mammals of the Armadillos, Sloths, and Vermilinguas. World (2000), which tracks the taxonomy presented in Wilson and Reeder (1993). We use these names We have drawn the Portuguese names from several as our default standard, and they are presented first sources, primarily Fonseca et al. (1996) and Emmons
TABLE 1. Sloths. Latin English Spanish Local names in Spanish Portuguese German French Dutch Indigenous names Bradypus pygmaeus pygmy sloth (Anderson perezoso pigmeo perico (Pn) preguiça-pigmeu (Aguiar and and Handley, 2001); Fonseca, in review) pygmy three-toed sloth (Duff and Lawson, 2004) Bradypus torquatus maned three-toed sloth; perezoso de tres n/a aí-pixuna, preguiça-preta Kragenfaultier bradype a collier Tupí-Guaraní: aí-igapó (Emmons and Feer, 1997) maned sloth (Eisenberg dedos (Emmons and Feer, 1997); and Redford, 1999) preguiça-de-coleira (Fonseca et al., 1994) Bradypus tridactylus pale-throated perezoso de tres pereza de tres dedos guayanesa aí, preguiça-de-bentinho Ai, Dreifinger-Faultier aï, bradype, paresseux Ai, Drieteenluiaard, Boruca: cha, tsä; Bribri: mon, sakura, seri, sëlë; three-toed sloth; dedos (Ve) (Emmons and Feer, 1997); tridactyle; mouton paresseux Drievingerige Luiaard, Guayana: aí; Guaymi: ku; Kariña: kupirisi; Makushi: pale-throated sloth preguiça-de-tres-dedos (Emmons and Feer, 1997) Zonluiaard kuwaran; Pemón: kuaran, kwaran; Saramaca: sonlori; (Eisenberg and Redford, (Fonseca et al., 1996) Sranan-tongo: sonloiri; Warao: buraca 1999) Bradypus variegatus brown-throated perezoso de tres perezoso bayo (Ar); perico (Bo); preguiça-de-bentinho (Emmons Braunkehl-Dreifinger- Amahuaca: puzze; Barí: arijkbá; Cashinahua: naii; three-toed sloth; dedos mono perezoso, perico ligero (CA, and Feer, 1997); preguiça- Faultier Chiquitano: noborobosh; Chocó: bucha; Guaraní, brown-throated sloth Mex); perica ligera (CR); perezoso marmota (Redford, 1994); Quichua: aí aí; Kuna: ibku; Mayan: q’oral; Miskito: (Eisenberg and Redford, de tres dedos de garganta café, preguiça-comum (Lara-Ruiz siwaiku; Sharanahua: itunai; Yanomami: ehu, ihama 1999) perezoso de tres uñas (Ec); perico and Srbek-Araujo, 2006) lerdo (Ho); pelejo (Pe); pereza de tres dedos común (Ve) Choloepus didactylus Southern two-toed perezoso de dos perico ligero (Co); perezoso preguiça real, unau (Emmons Unau, Zweifinger-Faultier paresseux didactyle, unau Tweeteenluiaard, Amahuaca: puzze; Cashinahua: naii; Kariña: aipaula; sloth; Linnaeus’s two- dedos amazónico de dos uñas (Ec); and Feer, 1997) commun Tweevingerige Luiaard Makushi: tenupi; Pemón: nupi; Quichua: intillama; toed sloth (Wilson and cucala (Ho); pelejo (Pe) Saramaca: skapoeloiri; Sharanahua: puzze; Sranan- Reeder, 2005) tongo: skapoeloiri; Tupí-Guaraní: aí; Yanomami: shimi Choloepus hoffmanni Hoffmann’s two-toed perezoso de dos perico ligero (Co); perica ligera preguiça real, unau (Emmons Hoffmann’s Zweifinger- unau d’Hoffmann Barí: ayaamá; Boruca: cha, tsä; Bribri: seri, siná, sloth dedos (CR); perezoso de dos uñas de and Feer, 1997) Faultier suhna, suno; Guaymi: ku; Quichua: intillama; Tawahka: occidente (Ec); cucala, perico um; Tupí-Guaraní: aí lerdo (Ho); pelejo (Pe); pereza cara amarilla, pereza de dos dedos zuliana, pereza lanuda (Ve) Abbreviations: Ar=Argentina; Bo=Bolivia; CA=Central America; Co=Colombia; CR=Costa Rica; Ec=Ecuador; Ho=Honduras; Mex=Mexico; Pn=Panama; Pe=Peru; Ve=Venezuela.
34 Edentata no. 7 • May 2006 and Feer (1997), supplementing with other publi- to augmenting this list manyfold with additions cations whenever possible. For German and French from yourselves. names, we have consulted Grzimeks Enzyklopädie Säugetiere (1988), while the Dutch names are taken Acknowledgements: Many of the sources we used are principally from Father A. M. Husson’s Mammals difficult to find outside of their country of origin, of Suriname (1978), supplemented by Emmons and and we owe a particular debt of gratitude to Anthony Feer. Local and indigenous names appear in a wide Rylands for access to his extensive personal library. spectrum of sources, including field guides, journal A special note of thanks must also go to Dr. Court- articles, monographs, Red List compilations and mis- ney Shaw, Senior Reference Librarian at the U. S. cellaneous volumes. National Museum of Natural History, who provided a valuable text which no one else owned, just when But this is no final document: we hope this first effort it was needed the most. Thanks are likewise due will encourage our readers, especially those who live to Sérgio Maia Vaz, of the Mammal Section at the and work in the field, to contribute the common names Museu Nacional in Rio de Janeiro, for his time and they have encountered for edentates in any language. efforts in finding additional Portuguese names. We Comments in Spanish may be sent to Mariella Supe- also extend our appreciation to Dr. Jim Sanderson of rina at
TABLE 1. Sloths. Latin English Spanish Local names in Spanish Portuguese German French Dutch Indigenous names Bradypus pygmaeus pygmy sloth (Anderson perezoso pigmeo perico (Pn) preguiça-pigmeu (Aguiar and and Handley, 2001); Fonseca, in review) pygmy three-toed sloth (Duff and Lawson, 2004) Bradypus torquatus maned three-toed sloth; perezoso de tres n/a aí-pixuna, preguiça-preta Kragenfaultier bradype a collier Tupí-Guaraní: aí-igapó (Emmons and Feer, 1997) maned sloth (Eisenberg dedos (Emmons and Feer, 1997); and Redford, 1999) preguiça-de-coleira (Fonseca et al., 1994) Bradypus tridactylus pale-throated perezoso de tres pereza de tres dedos guayanesa aí, preguiça-de-bentinho Ai, Dreifinger-Faultier aï, bradype, paresseux Ai, Drieteenluiaard, Boruca: cha, tsä; Bribri: mon, sakura, seri, sëlë; three-toed sloth; dedos (Ve) (Emmons and Feer, 1997); tridactyle; mouton paresseux Drievingerige Luiaard, Guayana: aí; Guaymi: ku; Kariña: kupirisi; Makushi: pale-throated sloth preguiça-de-tres-dedos (Emmons and Feer, 1997) Zonluiaard kuwaran; Pemón: kuaran, kwaran; Saramaca: sonlori; (Eisenberg and Redford, (Fonseca et al., 1996) Sranan-tongo: sonloiri; Warao: buraca 1999) Bradypus variegatus brown-throated perezoso de tres perezoso bayo (Ar); perico (Bo); preguiça-de-bentinho (Emmons Braunkehl-Dreifinger- Amahuaca: puzze; Barí: arijkbá; Cashinahua: naii; three-toed sloth; dedos mono perezoso, perico ligero (CA, and Feer, 1997); preguiça- Faultier Chiquitano: noborobosh; Chocó: bucha; Guaraní, brown-throated sloth Mex); perica ligera (CR); perezoso marmota (Redford, 1994); Quichua: aí aí; Kuna: ibku; Mayan: q’oral; Miskito: (Eisenberg and Redford, de tres dedos de garganta café, preguiça-comum (Lara-Ruiz siwaiku; Sharanahua: itunai; Yanomami: ehu, ihama 1999) perezoso de tres uñas (Ec); perico and Srbek-Araujo, 2006) lerdo (Ho); pelejo (Pe); pereza de tres dedos común (Ve) Choloepus didactylus Southern two-toed perezoso de dos perico ligero (Co); perezoso preguiça real, unau (Emmons Unau, Zweifinger-Faultier paresseux didactyle, unau Tweeteenluiaard, Amahuaca: puzze; Cashinahua: naii; Kariña: aipaula; sloth; Linnaeus’s two- dedos amazónico de dos uñas (Ec); and Feer, 1997) commun Tweevingerige Luiaard Makushi: tenupi; Pemón: nupi; Quichua: intillama; toed sloth (Wilson and cucala (Ho); pelejo (Pe) Saramaca: skapoeloiri; Sharanahua: puzze; Sranan- Reeder, 2005) tongo: skapoeloiri; Tupí-Guaraní: aí; Yanomami: shimi Choloepus hoffmanni Hoffmann’s two-toed perezoso de dos perico ligero (Co); perica ligera preguiça real, unau (Emmons Hoffmann’s Zweifinger- unau d’Hoffmann Barí: ayaamá; Boruca: cha, tsä; Bribri: seri, siná, sloth dedos (CR); perezoso de dos uñas de and Feer, 1997) Faultier suhna, suno; Guaymi: ku; Quichua: intillama; Tawahka: occidente (Ec); cucala, perico um; Tupí-Guaraní: aí lerdo (Ho); pelejo (Pe); pereza cara amarilla, pereza de dos dedos zuliana, pereza lanuda (Ve)
35 TABLE 2. Anteaters. Latin English Spanish Local names in Spanish Portuguese German French Dutch Indigenous names Cyclopes didactylus silky anteater; pygmy cíclope osito oro, serafín de Santa Cruz tamanduá-i (Fonseca et al., Zwergameisenbär myrmidon; lèche main Dwergmiereneter, Amahuaca: cama; Cashinahua: busa; Kariña: wailili; anteater (Eisenberg (Bo); angelito (Co); ceibita (CR); 1996); tamandua-í (Emmons (Emmons and Feer, 1997) Kleinste Miereneter, Maya: kisin, woyotz; Miskito: likur; Sranan-tongo: and Redford, 1999); flor de balsa, serafín, serafín and Feer, 1997) Wespeneter likan, likanoe; Tawahka: wísurh; Tupí-Guaraní: taman- two-toed anteater de platanar (Ec); osito melero, duá-í; Yanomami: masihoto (Wetzel, 1985) perezocito, perico lerdo (Ho); miq- uito de noche (Mex); gato balsa, tapacara (Pn); intepelejo, serafín (Pe); osito hormiguero enano, oso dormilón, perico ligero (Ve) Myrmecophaga tridactyla giant anteater; ant oso hormiguero gran hormiguero, oso hormiguero papa-formigas, tamanduá-açú, Grosser Ameisenbär grand fourmilier; tamanoir Grote Miereneter, Mieren- Abipón: heteyré, heteyreé; Amahuaca: shao; Ayoreo: bear (Be) común, oso hormiguero mayor, tamanduá-bandeira (Emmons (Emmons and Feer, 1997) beer; Reuzenmeiereneter yajogue; Barí: nokchibá; Boruca: tejong, tsing; oso hormiguero real, tamanduá and Feer, 1997); tamanduá (Emmons and Feer, Bribri: nai uhrí, ti uri; Cashinahua: xae; Chiquitano: bandera; oso bandera, oso cavalho (Chebez, 1994) 1997) nupaichavishti, paichabish; Garífuna: liwa; Guaraní: comilón (Bo); oso caballuno, oso ñurumí, tamanduá, tamanduá-guazú, tamiguasu, hormiguero palmero, oso pajizo yaquí, yurumí; Guaymi: meen, mengkri, misuli; Guis- (Co); oso caballo (CR, Ho, Pn); naí: soolaj; Kariña: tamanoa; Machiguenga: shiani; oso hormiguero gigante (CR); oso Makushi: tamanowa; Mataco: sulaj; Mayan: zam hool; banderón, tamanduá de occi- Miskito: wingu tara; Pech: corauya; Pemón: warema; dente (Ec); tamandua de bandera Pilagá: pottai; Saramaca: tamanúa, tamanwa; (Ec, Pe); hormiguero gigante, oso Sharanahua: shall; Sranan-tongo: tamanúa; Tawahka: palmero (Ve) dánka-takálvas; Toba: pota’e; Tupi: tamanduá-guasú; Warao: eburearane; Yanomami: shikahami; Yaruro: arigurí Tamandua mexicana northern tamandua; tamanduá hormiguero arborícola (CA); oso tamanduá-mirim Nördlicher Tamandua tamandua mexicain Barí: baakakai, kajkai; Kuna: sugachu; Mayan: chab; banded anteater amarillo, susurete, taman- Miskito: wingku; Tawahka: kárquin (Janzen, 1983); duá (Co); oso colmenero, oso ant bear (Be) hormiguero, oso jaceta, oso mielero (CR); oso melero, perico ligero (Ho); brazo fuerte, oso hormiguero común (Mex); osito hormiguero norteño (Pe); osito melero zuliano (Ve) Tamandua tetradactyla southern tamandua; tamanduá hormiguero chico, oso melero mambira, tamanduá-colete, Südlicher Tamandua tamandua à quatre doigts; Termieteneter, Mieren- Amahuaca: wii; Ayoreo: yajoguena; Boruca: tejong, yellow tamandua (Ar); oso hormiga, oso hormiguero tamanduá-mirim (Emmons tamandou (Emmons and Feer, fluiter, Kleine Mierene- tsing; Bribri: uhrí, uri; Cashinahua: bi; Chiquitano: (Husson, 1978); rubio (Bo); oso colmenero (Co, Ec, and Feer, 1997); melete, mixila 1997 ter; Boom-miereneter nopoés, opoema; Guaraní: caguaré, kaaguaré, tamimí; collared anteater Pe); oso hormiguero amazónico, (Olmos, 1995); tamanduá de (Emmons and Feer, Guaymi: meen, misuli; Makushi: woiwa; Pemón: woiwo; (Grzimek, 1988) shibi, shihuí (Pe); oso hor- coleira (Machado et al., 1998) 1997) Saramaca: mirafroiti; Sharanahua: wii; Sranan- miguero, osito melero común (Ve) tongo: mirafroiti; Toba: potay laté; Tupi: tamandua-í, tamanduá-mirín; Warao: tandui; Yanomami: shoko; Yaruro: tóarigurír Abbreviations: Arg=Argentina; Be=Belize; Bo=Bolivia; CA=Central America; Co=Colombia; CR=Costa Rica; Ec=Ecuador; Hon=Honduras; Mex=Mexico; Pe=Peru; Pn=Panama; Ve=Venezuela.
36 Edentata no. 7 • May 2006 TABLE 2. Anteaters. Latin English Spanish Local names in Spanish Portuguese German French Dutch Indigenous names Cyclopes didactylus silky anteater; pygmy cíclope osito oro, serafín de Santa Cruz tamanduá-i (Fonseca et al., Zwergameisenbär myrmidon; lèche main Dwergmiereneter, Amahuaca: cama; Cashinahua: busa; Kariña: wailili; anteater (Eisenberg (Bo); angelito (Co); ceibita (CR); 1996); tamandua-í (Emmons (Emmons and Feer, 1997) Kleinste Miereneter, Maya: kisin, woyotz; Miskito: likur; Sranan-tongo: and Redford, 1999); flor de balsa, serafín, serafín and Feer, 1997) Wespeneter likan, likanoe; Tawahka: wísurh; Tupí-Guaraní: taman- two-toed anteater de platanar (Ec); osito melero, duá-í; Yanomami: masihoto (Wetzel, 1985) perezocito, perico lerdo (Ho); miq- uito de noche (Mex); gato balsa, tapacara (Pn); intepelejo, serafín (Pe); osito hormiguero enano, oso dormilón, perico ligero (Ve) Myrmecophaga tridactyla giant anteater; ant oso hormiguero gran hormiguero, oso hormiguero papa-formigas, tamanduá-açú, Grosser Ameisenbär grand fourmilier; tamanoir Grote Miereneter, Mieren- Abipón: heteyré, heteyreé; Amahuaca: shao; Ayoreo: bear (Be) común, oso hormiguero mayor, tamanduá-bandeira (Emmons (Emmons and Feer, 1997) beer; Reuzenmeiereneter yajogue; Barí: nokchibá; Boruca: tejong, tsing; oso hormiguero real, tamanduá and Feer, 1997); tamanduá (Emmons and Feer, Bribri: nai uhrí, ti uri; Cashinahua: xae; Chiquitano: bandera; oso bandera, oso cavalho (Chebez, 1994) 1997) nupaichavishti, paichabish; Garífuna: liwa; Guaraní: comilón (Bo); oso caballuno, oso ñurumí, tamanduá, tamanduá-guazú, tamiguasu, hormiguero palmero, oso pajizo yaquí, yurumí; Guaymi: meen, mengkri, misuli; Guis- (Co); oso caballo (CR, Ho, Pn); naí: soolaj; Kariña: tamanoa; Machiguenga: shiani; oso hormiguero gigante (CR); oso Makushi: tamanowa; Mataco: sulaj; Mayan: zam hool; banderón, tamanduá de occi- Miskito: wingu tara; Pech: corauya; Pemón: warema; dente (Ec); tamandua de bandera Pilagá: pottai; Saramaca: tamanúa, tamanwa; (Ec, Pe); hormiguero gigante, oso Sharanahua: shall; Sranan-tongo: tamanúa; Tawahka: palmero (Ve) dánka-takálvas; Toba: pota’e; Tupi: tamanduá-guasú; Warao: eburearane; Yanomami: shikahami; Yaruro: arigurí Tamandua mexicana northern tamandua; tamanduá hormiguero arborícola (CA); oso tamanduá-mirim Nördlicher Tamandua tamandua mexicain Barí: baakakai, kajkai; Kuna: sugachu; Mayan: chab; banded anteater amarillo, susurete, taman- Miskito: wingku; Tawahka: kárquin (Janzen, 1983); duá (Co); oso colmenero, oso ant bear (Be) hormiguero, oso jaceta, oso mielero (CR); oso melero, perico ligero (Ho); brazo fuerte, oso hormiguero común (Mex); osito hormiguero norteño (Pe); osito melero zuliano (Ve) Tamandua tetradactyla southern tamandua; tamanduá hormiguero chico, oso melero mambira, tamanduá-colete, Südlicher Tamandua tamandua à quatre doigts; Termieteneter, Mieren- Amahuaca: wii; Ayoreo: yajoguena; Boruca: tejong, yellow tamandua (Ar); oso hormiga, oso hormiguero tamanduá-mirim (Emmons tamandou (Emmons and Feer, fluiter, Kleine Mierene- tsing; Bribri: uhrí, uri; Cashinahua: bi; Chiquitano: (Husson, 1978); rubio (Bo); oso colmenero (Co, Ec, and Feer, 1997); melete, mixila 1997 ter; Boom-miereneter nopoés, opoema; Guaraní: caguaré, kaaguaré, tamimí; collared anteater Pe); oso hormiguero amazónico, (Olmos, 1995); tamanduá de (Emmons and Feer, Guaymi: meen, misuli; Makushi: woiwa; Pemón: woiwo; (Grzimek, 1988) shibi, shihuí (Pe); oso hor- coleira (Machado et al., 1998) 1997) Saramaca: mirafroiti; Sharanahua: wii; Sranan- miguero, osito melero común (Ve) tongo: mirafroiti; Toba: potay laté; Tupi: tamandua-í, tamanduá-mirín; Warao: tandui; Yanomami: shoko; Yaruro: tóarigurír
37 TABLE 3. Armadillos. Latin English Spanish Local names in Spanish Portuguese German French Dutch Indigenous names Cabassous centralis northern naked-tailed cabasú, tatú de armadillo zopilote, cusuco venenoso, tatu-de-rabo-mole (S. M. Nördliches Barí: douró; Guaraní: tatú-aí; Maya: wai-wech; Tawahka: armadillo rabo molle pitero de uña (CA); armadillo hediondo Vaz, in litt.) Nacktschwanz- tákan tákan (Co); armado de zopilote (CR); Gürteltier armadillo rabo de carne de occidente, rabo de carne, rabo de molle (Ec); cusuco, timba, tumbo armado (Ho); armadillo rabo de puerco, morrocoy (Pn); cachicamo morrocoy, cuspa montañera zuliana, cuspita (Ve) Cabassous chacoensis Chacoan naked-tailed cabasú chico cabasú chaqueño, tatú-ai menor (Ar) Chaco-Nacktschwanz- Guaraní: tatú-aí armadillo Gürteltier Cabassous tatouay greater naked-tailed tatú-ai mayor cabasú grande, tatú-ai mayor (Ar); tatú tatu rabo-mole (Redford, Grosses Nacktschwanz- Guaraní: tatú-aí armadillo de rabo molle (Ur) 1994); tatu-do-rabo- Gürteltier mole-grande (Machado et al., 1998) Cabassous unicinctus southern naked-tailed cabasú de orejas metecito, peji, peji cola blanda, cabassú, tatu-de-rabo- Nacktschwanz- cabassou (Emmons and Cabassou, Naaktstaart Chiquitano: nopeish; Guaraní: tatú-aí armadillo largas pejichi llorón (Bo); armadillo rabo de mole, tatu-rabo-de-couro Gürteltier Feer, 1997) Gordeldier trapo (Co); armadillo rabo de carne (Emmons and Feer, Amazónico, cachicambo rabo de carne, 1997); tatu-de-rabo- lugubre, tatú-iba (Ec); armadillo de mole-pequeno (Machado cola desnuda, carachupa (Pe); cuspa, et al., 1998); tatu-bola cuspa montañera común, cuspa rabo (S. M. Vaz, in litt.) blando (Ve) Chaetophractus nationi Andean hairy armadillo quirquincho peludo, quirquincho de la puna (Pe) Anden-Borstengürteltier andino Chaetophractus screaming hairy piche llorón mulita, peludo chico, quirquincho chico Weisshaar-Gürteltier Ayoreo: chacajami; Guaraní: tatukirisi, tatundovivi, vellerosus armadillo; small hairy (Ar); tatú llorón (Bo) taturavuku armadillo (Superina, 2000) Chaetophractus villosus large hairy armadillo; peludo; tatú pecho amarillo (Bo) Braunhaar-Gürteltier Ayoreo: pajotague; Guaraní: taturakapeyu larger hairy armadillo quirquincho (Superina, 2000); big grande (Superina, hairy armadillo (Wilson 2000) and Reeder, 2005) Chlamyphorus retusus Chacoan fairy armadillo; pichiciego armadillo de Burmeister, pichiciego Burmeister-Gürtelmull chlamyphore de Burmeister Guaraní: tatujeikuarajoya; Izoceño: tatujeikurajoyava greater fairy armadillo chaqueño grande (Ar); coseveru, culo tapado (Bo) (Superina, 2000) Chlamyphorus truncatus pink fairy armadillo; pichiciego menor antiquirquincho, armadillo truncado Kleiner Gürtelmull chlamyphore tronqué lesser pink fairy menor, guargualate, Juan calado, armadillo (Redford pichiciego, pichihormiguero, tatú de and Eisenberg, 1992); abrigo (Ar) lesser fairy armadillo (Superina, 2000) Dasypus hybridus southern long-nosed mulita; mulita mulita chica, mulita pampeana (Ar) tatuíra, tatu-mulita (S. Südliches Guaraní: tatú-mbiricá armadillo; southern orejuda M. Vaz, in litt.) Siebenbinden-Gürteltier lesser long-nosed (Superina, 2000) armadillo (Superina, 2000)
Note: some common names are used for several species, including armadillo (English and Spanish), cachicamo, mulita and quirquincho (Spanish), tatu (Portuguese), Gürteltier (German) and tatou (French). Abbreviations: Arg=Argentina; Be=Belize; Bo=Bolivia; CA=Central America; Co=Colombia; CR=Costa Rica; Ec=Ecuador; Hon=Honduras; Mex=Mexico; Pe=Peru; Pn=Panama; Py=Paraguay; Ur=Uruguay; Ve=Venezuela.
38 Edentata no. 7 • May 2006 TABLE 3. Armadillos. Latin English Spanish Local names in Spanish Portuguese German French Dutch Indigenous names Cabassous centralis northern naked-tailed cabasú, tatú de armadillo zopilote, cusuco venenoso, tatu-de-rabo-mole (S. M. Nördliches Barí: douró; Guaraní: tatú-aí; Maya: wai-wech; Tawahka: armadillo rabo molle pitero de uña (CA); armadillo hediondo Vaz, in litt.) Nacktschwanz- tákan tákan (Co); armado de zopilote (CR); Gürteltier armadillo rabo de carne de occidente, rabo de carne, rabo de molle (Ec); cusuco, timba, tumbo armado (Ho); armadillo rabo de puerco, morrocoy (Pn); cachicamo morrocoy, cuspa montañera zuliana, cuspita (Ve) Cabassous chacoensis Chacoan naked-tailed cabasú chico cabasú chaqueño, tatú-ai menor (Ar) Chaco-Nacktschwanz- Guaraní: tatú-aí armadillo Gürteltier Cabassous tatouay greater naked-tailed tatú-ai mayor cabasú grande, tatú-ai mayor (Ar); tatú tatu rabo-mole (Redford, Grosses Nacktschwanz- Guaraní: tatú-aí armadillo de rabo molle (Ur) 1994); tatu-do-rabo- Gürteltier mole-grande (Machado et al., 1998) Cabassous unicinctus southern naked-tailed cabasú de orejas metecito, peji, peji cola blanda, cabassú, tatu-de-rabo- Nacktschwanz- cabassou (Emmons and Cabassou, Naaktstaart Chiquitano: nopeish; Guaraní: tatú-aí armadillo largas pejichi llorón (Bo); armadillo rabo de mole, tatu-rabo-de-couro Gürteltier Feer, 1997) Gordeldier trapo (Co); armadillo rabo de carne (Emmons and Feer, Amazónico, cachicambo rabo de carne, 1997); tatu-de-rabo- lugubre, tatú-iba (Ec); armadillo de mole-pequeno (Machado cola desnuda, carachupa (Pe); cuspa, et al., 1998); tatu-bola cuspa montañera común, cuspa rabo (S. M. Vaz, in litt.) blando (Ve) Chaetophractus nationi Andean hairy armadillo quirquincho peludo, quirquincho de la puna (Pe) Anden-Borstengürteltier andino Chaetophractus screaming hairy piche llorón mulita, peludo chico, quirquincho chico Weisshaar-Gürteltier Ayoreo: chacajami; Guaraní: tatukirisi, tatundovivi, vellerosus armadillo; small hairy (Ar); tatú llorón (Bo) taturavuku armadillo (Superina, 2000) Chaetophractus villosus large hairy armadillo; peludo; tatú pecho amarillo (Bo) Braunhaar-Gürteltier Ayoreo: pajotague; Guaraní: taturakapeyu larger hairy armadillo quirquincho (Superina, 2000); big grande (Superina, hairy armadillo (Wilson 2000) and Reeder, 2005) Chlamyphorus retusus Chacoan fairy armadillo; pichiciego armadillo de Burmeister, pichiciego Burmeister-Gürtelmull chlamyphore de Burmeister Guaraní: tatujeikuarajoya; Izoceño: tatujeikurajoyava greater fairy armadillo chaqueño grande (Ar); coseveru, culo tapado (Bo) (Superina, 2000) Chlamyphorus truncatus pink fairy armadillo; pichiciego menor antiquirquincho, armadillo truncado Kleiner Gürtelmull chlamyphore tronqué lesser pink fairy menor, guargualate, Juan calado, armadillo (Redford pichiciego, pichihormiguero, tatú de and Eisenberg, 1992); abrigo (Ar) lesser fairy armadillo (Superina, 2000) Dasypus hybridus southern long-nosed mulita; mulita mulita chica, mulita pampeana (Ar) tatuíra, tatu-mulita (S. Südliches Guaraní: tatú-mbiricá armadillo; southern orejuda M. Vaz, in litt.) Siebenbinden-Gürteltier lesser long-nosed (Superina, 2000) armadillo (Superina, 2000) continued on next page
39 TABLE 3. Armadillos, continued Latin English Spanish Local names in Spanish Portuguese German French Dutch Indigenous names Dasypus kappleri great long-nosed armadillo de tatú quinze quilos (Bo); armadillo tatu canastra, tatu Kappler-Weichgürteltier tatou de Kappler; grand Cashinahua: panu; Saramaca: maka kapasi; Sranan- armadillo; Kappler’s Kappler, mulita aracacho, cachicamo grande, quinze quilos (Emmons tatou (Emmons and Feer, tongo: maka-kapasi;Yanomami: prushiima armadillo (Anderson, de Kappler jusachula (Co); armadillo narizón, and Feer, 1997); tatu- 1997) 1997); greater long- tatú-peba grande (Ec); carachupa tinga (S. M. Vaz, in litt.) nosed armadillo (Pe); cachicamo gigante, cachicamo (Superina, 2000) guayanés, cachicamo montañero gigante (Ve) Dasypus novemcinctus nine-banded armadillo; cachicamo, mulita tatú negro (Ar); tatú mula, toche (Bo); tatu-galinha (Fonseca et Neunbinden-Gürteltier tatou à neuf bandes (Emmons Gewone Kapasie, Amahuaca: cazta; Ayoreo: hajamei; Barí: ojsokba; Carib: common long-nosed grande, tatú cachicamo (Co); armadillo narizón al., 1996); tatu-verdadeiro and Feer, 1997) Langstaart Gordeldier, kaikán; Cashinahua: yaix; Chiquitano: nutaconsh, tacoorsh; armadillo (Superina, común, cachicambo, mulita (Ec); cusuco, (Olmos, 1995); tatu preto Negenbandig Gordeldier, Chocó: tro; Garífuna: guasigamu; Guaraní: tatuakuti, tatueté, 2000); dilly (Be) pitero (Ho); tochi (Mex); carachupa (Pe); (Parera, 2002); tatuetê, Negengordelig tatú-hú; Kuna: ugsi; Maya: mail chan, wech; Miskito: tahira, tatú (Ur); cachicamo montañero (Ve) tatu-folha, tatu-nove- Gordeldier ukmik taira; Pech: patan waá; Sharanahua: catstahua; bandas, tatu veado (S. M. Sranan-tongo: kapasi; Tawahka: úkmik; Warao: jabaca; Vaz, in litt.) Yanomami: opo, oyorowahirimi; Yaruro: igoró Dasypus septemcinctus seven-banded long-nosed mulita chica mulita común, tatú-mulita (Ar); tatú tatú mirim (Wetzel and Nördliches Siebenbinden- tatou à sept bandes armadillo; Brazilian lesser chico, tatú de siete bandas (Bo) Mondolfi, 1979); muleta, Gürteltier long-nosed armadillo tatu-mula (Redford, (Superina, 2000); seven- 1994); tatu-china (Olmos, banded armadillo (Wilson 1995); tatuí (Fonseca et and Reeder, 2005) al., 1996) Dasypus yepesi Yepes’ long-nosed mulita de Mazza mulita de Yepes (Ar) Yungas-Gürteltier armadillo; Yunga’s lesser long-nosed armadillo (Superina, 2000) Euphractus sexcinctus six-banded armadillo; gualacate, peludo gualacate, gualincho, tatú colorado, tatú tatu-peba, tatu-peludo Sechsbinden-Gürteltier tatou à six bandes; tatou Zesbandig Gordeldier Ayoreo: gatodejai; Chiquitano: nopeish, ropeish; Guaraní: tatú- yellow armadillo (Emmons mano amarilla, tatú poyú (Ar); peji, peji jaune (Emmons and Feer, podyu, tatú poyú, tatuguasu and Feer, 1997) grande, quirquincho de seis bandas, tatú 1997) iris (Bo); peludo (Ur) Priodontes maximus giant armadillo tatú carreta, tatú gran tatú de los bosques, priodonte, tatu-açú, tatu-canastra Riesengürteltier cabassou, tatou géant Reuzengordeldier Amahuaca: cazta; Ayoreo: jochacai; Carib: mauraimá; gigante priodonte gigante (Ar); pejiche, pejichi (Emmons and Feer, 1997) Cashinahua: panku; Chiquitano: noshisisiris, opeish; Guaraní: (Bo); jusa trueno, ocarro (Co); armadillo tatú-guazú, tatu mborevi; Pilagá: napnalú; Sharanahua: gigante, armadillo trueno, cutimbo, catstahua; Sranan-tongo: granmankapasi; Tupi: tatú-asú; tatú gigante (Ec); carachupa gigante, Yanomami: waka carachupa maman, kintéro, yungunturu (Pe); cachicamo gigante, cuspa, cuspa gigante, cuspa grande, cuspón (Ve) Tolypeutes matacus southern three-banded quirquincho bola mataco, mataco bola (Ar); corechi, tatú tatu-bola Kugelgürteltier tatou à trois bandes Ayoreo: auco; Chiquitano: muñacarsh, nuiñacash; Guaraní: armadillo bola (Bo); tatú bolita (Pa) tatú apepú, tatú-pará, taturapua; Tupi-Guaraní: tatú-apará Tolypeutes tricinctus Brazilian three-banded tatú-bola n/a tatu-bola Dreibinden- tatou à trois bandes armadillo Kugelgürteltier Zaedyus pichiy pichi piche blanquito, piche patagónico, pichi Zwerggürteltier tatou nain Araucanian: kumtrü pagagónico, quirquincho (Ar)
Abbreviations: Arg=Argentina; Be=Belize; Bo=Bolivia; CA=Central America; Co=Colombia; CR=Costa Rica; Ec=Ecuador; Hon=Honduras; Mex=Mexico; Pe=Peru; Pn=Panama; Py=Paraguay; Ur=Uruguay; Ve=Venezuela.
40 Edentata no. 7 • May 2006 TABLE 3. Armadillos, continued Latin English Spanish Local names in Spanish Portuguese German French Dutch Indigenous names Dasypus kappleri great long-nosed armadillo de tatú quinze quilos (Bo); armadillo tatu canastra, tatu Kappler-Weichgürteltier tatou de Kappler; grand Cashinahua: panu; Saramaca: maka kapasi; Sranan- armadillo; Kappler’s Kappler, mulita aracacho, cachicamo grande, quinze quilos (Emmons tatou (Emmons and Feer, tongo: maka-kapasi;Yanomami: prushiima armadillo (Anderson, de Kappler jusachula (Co); armadillo narizón, and Feer, 1997); tatu- 1997) 1997); greater long- tatú-peba grande (Ec); carachupa tinga (S. M. Vaz, in litt.) nosed armadillo (Pe); cachicamo gigante, cachicamo (Superina, 2000) guayanés, cachicamo montañero gigante (Ve) Dasypus novemcinctus nine-banded armadillo; cachicamo, mulita tatú negro (Ar); tatú mula, toche (Bo); tatu-galinha (Fonseca et Neunbinden-Gürteltier tatou à neuf bandes (Emmons Gewone Kapasie, Amahuaca: cazta; Ayoreo: hajamei; Barí: ojsokba; Carib: common long-nosed grande, tatú cachicamo (Co); armadillo narizón al., 1996); tatu-verdadeiro and Feer, 1997) Langstaart Gordeldier, kaikán; Cashinahua: yaix; Chiquitano: nutaconsh, tacoorsh; armadillo (Superina, común, cachicambo, mulita (Ec); cusuco, (Olmos, 1995); tatu preto Negenbandig Gordeldier, Chocó: tro; Garífuna: guasigamu; Guaraní: tatuakuti, tatueté, 2000); dilly (Be) pitero (Ho); tochi (Mex); carachupa (Pe); (Parera, 2002); tatuetê, Negengordelig tatú-hú; Kuna: ugsi; Maya: mail chan, wech; Miskito: tahira, tatú (Ur); cachicamo montañero (Ve) tatu-folha, tatu-nove- Gordeldier ukmik taira; Pech: patan waá; Sharanahua: catstahua; bandas, tatu veado (S. M. Sranan-tongo: kapasi; Tawahka: úkmik; Warao: jabaca; Vaz, in litt.) Yanomami: opo, oyorowahirimi; Yaruro: igoró Dasypus septemcinctus seven-banded long-nosed mulita chica mulita común, tatú-mulita (Ar); tatú tatú mirim (Wetzel and Nördliches Siebenbinden- tatou à sept bandes armadillo; Brazilian lesser chico, tatú de siete bandas (Bo) Mondolfi, 1979); muleta, Gürteltier long-nosed armadillo tatu-mula (Redford, (Superina, 2000); seven- 1994); tatu-china (Olmos, banded armadillo (Wilson 1995); tatuí (Fonseca et and Reeder, 2005) al., 1996) Dasypus yepesi Yepes’ long-nosed mulita de Mazza mulita de Yepes (Ar) Yungas-Gürteltier armadillo; Yunga’s lesser long-nosed armadillo (Superina, 2000) Euphractus sexcinctus six-banded armadillo; gualacate, peludo gualacate, gualincho, tatú colorado, tatú tatu-peba, tatu-peludo Sechsbinden-Gürteltier tatou à six bandes; tatou Zesbandig Gordeldier Ayoreo: gatodejai; Chiquitano: nopeish, ropeish; Guaraní: tatú- yellow armadillo (Emmons mano amarilla, tatú poyú (Ar); peji, peji jaune (Emmons and Feer, podyu, tatú poyú, tatuguasu and Feer, 1997) grande, quirquincho de seis bandas, tatú 1997) iris (Bo); peludo (Ur) Priodontes maximus giant armadillo tatú carreta, tatú gran tatú de los bosques, priodonte, tatu-açú, tatu-canastra Riesengürteltier cabassou, tatou géant Reuzengordeldier Amahuaca: cazta; Ayoreo: jochacai; Carib: mauraimá; gigante priodonte gigante (Ar); pejiche, pejichi (Emmons and Feer, 1997) Cashinahua: panku; Chiquitano: noshisisiris, opeish; Guaraní: (Bo); jusa trueno, ocarro (Co); armadillo tatú-guazú, tatu mborevi; Pilagá: napnalú; Sharanahua: gigante, armadillo trueno, cutimbo, catstahua; Sranan-tongo: granmankapasi; Tupi: tatú-asú; tatú gigante (Ec); carachupa gigante, Yanomami: waka carachupa maman, kintéro, yungunturu (Pe); cachicamo gigante, cuspa, cuspa gigante, cuspa grande, cuspón (Ve) Tolypeutes matacus southern three-banded quirquincho bola mataco, mataco bola (Ar); corechi, tatú tatu-bola Kugelgürteltier tatou à trois bandes Ayoreo: auco; Chiquitano: muñacarsh, nuiñacash; Guaraní: armadillo bola (Bo); tatú bolita (Pa) tatú apepú, tatú-pará, taturapua; Tupi-Guaraní: tatú-apará Tolypeutes tricinctus Brazilian three-banded tatú-bola n/a tatu-bola Dreibinden- tatou à trois bandes armadillo Kugelgürteltier Zaedyus pichiy pichi piche blanquito, piche patagónico, pichi Zwerggürteltier tatou nain Araucanian: kumtrü pagagónico, quirquincho (Ar)
41 Mariella Superina, University of New Orleans, Emmons, L. H. and Feer, F. 1997. Neotropical Rainfor- Department of Biological Sciences, New est Mammals: A Field Guide. Second edition. The Orleans, Louisiana 70148-0001, USA, e-mail: University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
42 Edentata no. 7 • May 2006 Livro Vermelho das Espécies Ameaçadas de Extinção Vermilinguas, G. G. Montgomery (ed.), pp.5–21. de Fauna de Minas Gerais. Fundação Biodiver- Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC. sitas, Belo Horizonte. Wetzel, R. M. and Mondolfi, E. 1979. The subgen- Marineros, L. and Gallegos, F. M. 1998. Guía de era and species of long-nosed armadillos, genus Campo de los Mamíferos de Honduras. Instituto Dasypus L. In: Vertebrate Ecology in the North- Nacional de Ambiente y Desarollo, Tegucigalpa. ern Neotropics, J. F. Eisenberg (ed.), pp. 43–64. Montgomery, G. G. (ed.). 1985. The Evolution and Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC. Ecology of Armadillos, Sloths, and Vermilinguas. Wilson, D. E. and Cole, F. R. 2000. Common Names Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC. of Mammals of the World. Smithsonian Institution Moreno, S. and Plese, T. 2006. The illegal traffic in Press, Washington, DC. sloths and threats to their survival in Colombia. Wilson, D. E. and Reeder, D. M. (eds.). 1993. Edentata (7): 10–18. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Olmos, F. 1995. Edentates in the caatinga of Serra da Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithson- Capivara National Park. Edentata (2): 16–17. ian Institution Press, Washington, DC. Pacheco, V., Macedo, H. de, Vivar, E., Ascorra, Wilson, D. E. and Reeder, D. M. (eds.). 2005. C., Arana-Cardó, R. and Solari, S. 1995. Lista Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and anotada de los mamíferos peruanos. Occasional Geographic Reference. Third edition. The Johns Papers in Conservation Biology No. 2, Conserva- Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. tion International, Washington, DC. Parera, A. 2002. Los Mamíferos de la Argentina y la Appendix I: Citations by Country Región Austral de Sudamérica. Editorial Al Ateneo, Buenos Aires. Argentina (Ar): Chebez, 1994, 1996; Diaz and Ojeda, Redford, K. 1994. The edentates of the Cerrado. 2000; Guiñazú Rawson de Arentsen, 1956; Parera, Edentata (1): 4–10. 2002; Vizcaíno, 1997. Bolivia (Bo): Anderson, 1997; Redford, K. H. and Eisenberg, J. F. 1992. Mammals Cuéllar, 2001; Cuéllar S. and Noss, 2003; Ergueta S. of the Neotropics, Volume 2: The Southern Cone: and Morales, 1996. Brazil (Br): Aguiar and Fonseca, Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay. The Univer- in review; Fonseca et al., 1994; Fonseca et al., 1996; sity of Chicago Press, Chicago. Lara-Ruiz and Srbek-Araujo, 2006; Machado et al., Reid, F. A. 1997. A Field Guide to the Mammals of 1998; Olmos, 1995; Redford, 1994. Central Amer- Central America and Southeast Mexico. Oxford ica (CA): Reid, 1997. Colombia (Co): Moreno and University Press, Oxford. Plese, 2006. Costa Rica (CR): Carillo et al., 2002; Simpson, G. G. 1941. Vernacular names of South Gómez, 2001; Janzen, 1983. Ecuador (Ec): Tirira American mammals. J. Mammal. 22(1): 1–17. S., 1999; Tirira S., 2001. Honduras (Ho): Marine- Superina, M. 2000. Biologie und Haltung von Gür- ros and Gallegos, 1998. Mexico (Me): Reid, 1997. teltieren (Dasypodidae). Doctoral dissertation, Panama (Pn): J. Ledbetter, pers. comm. Peru (Pe): Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland. Leite Pitman et al., 2003; Pacheco et al., 1995. Suri- Tirira S., D. (ed.). 2001. Libro Rojo de los Mamífe- name (Su): Husson, 1978. Uruguay (Ur): Fallabrino ros del Ecuador. Sociedad para la Investigación and Castiñera, 2006. Venezuela (Ve): Linares, 1998. y Monitoreo de la Biodiversidad Ecuatoriana References covering more than one country: Duff (SIMBIOE) / Ecociencias / Ministerio del Ambi- and Lawson, 2004; Eisenberg and Redford, 1999; ente / UICN. Serie Libros Rojos del Ecuador, Eisenberg, 1989; Emmons and Feer, 1997; Grzimek, Tomo 1. Publicación Especial sobre los Mamífe- 1988; Montgomery, 1985; Redford and Eisenberg, ros del Ecuador. Quito, Ecuador. 1992; Reid, 1997; Simpson, 1941; Superina, 2000; Tirira S., D. 1999. Mamíferos del Ecuador. Publi- Wetzel and Mondolfi, 1979; Wilson and Cole, 2000; cación Especial 2, Museu de Zoología, Centro de Wilson and Reeder, 2005. Biodiversidad y Ambiente, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador y Sociedad para la Investig- Appendix II: Citations by Group ación y Monitoreo de la Biodiversidad Ecuatori- ana (SIMBIOE). Quito, Ecuador. Sloths: Aguiar and Fonseca, in review; Cuéllar S. Vizcaíno, S. F. 1997. Armadillos del noroeste argen- and Noss, 2003; Diaz and Ojeda, 2000; Emmons tino (provincias de Jujuy y Salta). Edentata (3): and Feer, 1997; Fonseca et al., 1994; Fonseca et al., 7–10. 1996; Gómez, 2001; Grzimek, 1988; Lara-Ruiz and Wetzel, R. M. 1985. The identification and distribu- Srbek-Araujo, 2006; Leite Pitman et al., 2003; Lin- tion of recent Xenarthra (= Edentata). In: The ares, 1998; Marineros and Gallegos, 1998; Moreno Evolution and Ecology of Armadillos, Sloths, and and Plese, 2006; Pacheco et al., 1995; Redford, 1994;
43 Reid, 1997; Tirira S., 1999. Anteaters: Chebez, tes (Queiroz, 1995; Chiarello et al., 2004; Lara-Ruiz 1994, 1996; Cuéllar S. and Noss, 2003; Emmons and e Chiarello, 2005). Para o gênero Bradypus, relatos de Feer, 1997; Ergueta S. and Morales, 1996; Gómez, outras interações decorrentes de observações na natu- 2001; Grzimek, 1988; Janzen, 1983; Leite Pitman et reza se restringem ao registro de comportamento ago- al., 2003; Linares, 1998; Machado et al., 1998; Mar- nístico entre dois indivíduos adultos (Beebe, 1926) ineros and Gallegos, 1998; Olmos, 1995; Pacheco e observações de campo de animais compartilhando et al., 1995; Redford, 1994; Reid, 1997; Simpson, uma mesma árvore durante atividades de alimentação 1941; Tirira S., 2001. Armadillos: Anderson, 1997; e repouso (dados não publicados, P. Lara-Ruiz). Chebez, 1994, 1996; Cuéllar, 2001; Cuéllar S. and Noss, 2003; Diaz and Ojeda, 2000; Eisenberg, 1989; A presente comunicação relata observações associadas Eisenberg and Redford, 1999; Emmons and Feer, ao comportamento reprodutivo de Bradypus variega- 1997; Ergueta S. and Morales, 1996; Fallabrino and tus, realizadas em uma área de preservação (ca. 350 Castiñera, 2006; Fonseca et al., 1996; Gómez, 2001; hectares) de propriedade da Empresa Aracruz Celu- Grzimek, 1988; Guiñazú Rawson de Arentsen, 1956; lose, localizada no Município de Sooretama no Espí- Linares, 1998; Machado et al., 1998; Marineros and rito Santo, Brasil. (Essa área é uma Reserva Legal; Lei Gallegos, 1998; Olmos, 1995; Parera, 2002; Red- 7.803, de 18 de julho de 1989.) Ressalta-se que relatos ford, 1994; Reid, 1997; Simpson, 1941; Superina, de comportamento reprodutivo do gênero Bradypus 2000; Tirira S., 2001; Vizcaíno, 1997; Wetzel and na natureza são ausentes na literatura científica. Mondolfi, 1979. Em setembro de 2005 foi visto um indivíduo adulto Appendix III: Indigenous Languages by Country com padrão de pelagem característico de macho: a porção intraescapular com pelagem alaranjada inter- Argentina: Abipón, Guaraní, Pilagá, Toba, Wichí rompida por linha mediana irregular enegrecida, Lhamtés; Bolivia: Ayoreo, Chiquitano, Guaraní; composta por pêlos de menor comprimento (Beebe, Brazil: Guaraní, Tupí; Central America: Chocó, 1926). O espécime estava atravessando uma das estra- Maya; Chile: Araucanian; Colombia: Barí; Costa das internas à área de preservação, deslocando-se da Rica: Boruca, Bribri; Ecuador: Quichua; Hondu- margem direita para a esquerda do fragmento (08:20 ras: Garífuna, Pech, Tawahka; Nicaragua: Mískito; hrs). O indivíduo foi capturado para coleta de material Panama: Guaymi, Kuna; Paraguay: Ayoreo, Guar- destinado a análises genéticas e, durante manipulação, aní; Peru: Amahuaca, Cashinahua, Machiguenga, foi detectada a vocalização de um segundo indivíduo Sharanahua; Surinam: Saramaccan, Sranan-Tongo, em área próxima (08:45 hrs). Com base em experi- Wayana; Venezuela: Barí, Kariña, Makushi, Pemón, ências anteriores, a vocalização foi reconhecida como Warao, Yanomami, Yaruro. Note: some names listed pertencente a um indivíduo do gênero Bradypus. De here, such as Chocó, Guaraní, and Tupí, more prop- acordo com observações de espécimes de Bradypus tor- erly refer to language groups rather than individual quatus em semi-cativeiro, fêmeas em período reprodu- languages. The online edition of the Ethnologue tivo (“cio”) emitem vocalizações que atraem machos (Gordon, 2005), published by the Sumner Insti- (comunicação pessoal, V. L. de Oliveira). Conside- tute of Linguistics, proved invaluable for checking rando que a vocalização ouvida pudesse estar rela- these languages. cionada a um comportamento reprodutivo, o macho capturado foi solto (08:55 hrs) e seu deslocamento foi monitorado. O espécime se deslocou poucos metros para o interior do fragmento, onde permaneceu até a detecção de uma segunda vocalização (09:40 hrs), depois da qual reiniciou o deslocamento (ca. 10 m em FIELD NOTES linha reta em direção ao local de origem da vocaliza- ção). Após este deslocamento o espécime permaneceu Comportamento Potencialmente Reprodutivo no mesmo local, em comportamento de procura, que da Preguiça-comum, Bradypus variegatus foi caracterizado pela realização de movimentos repe- (Xenarthra, Bradypodidae): Observações de titivos da cabeça e farejamento. Campo Durante o acompanhamento do macho foi detec- As preguiças (Família Bradypodidae e Megalonychi- tado um segundo indivíduo (10:05 hrs), em árvore dae) são consideradas animais solitários, cuja intera- a aproximadamente 10 m do ponto de observação, ção social se restringe à associação mãe-filhote que identificada como o local de origem das vocalizações. ocorre durante os primeiros meses de vida dos infan- O segundo indivíduo não apresentava coloração ala-
44 Edentata no. 7 • May 2006