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Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 233 3rd International Conference on Contemporary Education, Social Sciences and Humanities (ICCESSH 2018) Counter Flow of Cross-country Audiovisual Products and Cross-border Ethnic Identity in the China- Myanmar Border Region Based on a Disseminating Anthropological Study of Hula Street in Zhefang Town, Mangshi City* Jianling Wang School of Communication Yunnan Normal University Kunming, China Abstract—The transmission of audiovisual products on the media product, the audiovisual products in the China-Burma border between China and Myanmar has shown a kind of back- border have also shown a one-way transmission. However, this propagation. This back-propagation reflects the lack of supply of direction of communication is contrary to the flow of media language programs in ethnic minorities in China and also products in international communication, forming a kind of reflects the continuous enhancement of cross-border ethnic reverse propagation: that is, a large number of audiovisual identity such as Jingpo. products from Myanmar, Thailand and other countries spread to the China-Burma border. Why does the reverse propagation Keywords—audiovisual products; back-propagation; cross- of audiovisual products form on the China-Burma border? border ethnic identity What are the effects of audiovisual products as media products bearing certain values and ideologies on the ethnic identity of I. INTRODUCTION local nationalities, especially those of transnational minorities? In the international communication, the spread of media This article attempts to answer these questions by conducting products reflects a country’s cultural production capacity and anthropological surveys in the Zhefang Town of Mangshi City, cultural sovereignty. With the acceleration of globalization and Dehong Prefecture on the China-Burma border. the process of regionalization, leaders of various countries realized that the production and dissemination of media II. COUNTER FLOW OF AUDIOVISUAL PRODUCTS IN HULA products have an important impact on a country's politics and MARKET culture, and actively change the order of information production in the world today. However, numerous studies, Located in the western part of Mangshi, the capital city of such as Noam (1993), Waterman (2005), Wildman & Siwek Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture, Zhefang (1998), and Li Wei (2014), show that the production and Town is 45 kilometers away from the urban area and has an dissemination of cultural products in the world today still show area of 437 square kilometers. The population of Hula is a kind of one-way spread, “in formation flowing from 50,400 (2006), of which Ethnic minorities such as Dai, Jingpo developed countries to developing countries is at least 100 and De'ang accounted for 80% of the total. There are 13 times more than it is in the reverse flow” (1984), that is, administrative villages including the Jiedao, Hula, Humen, information flows from countries with a high degree of Hunong, Nongxi, Gongling, and Bangda. Hula is located next economic development to those with a low level of economic to the main line of traffic from Mangshi to Ruili sothe development. transportation is very convenient. People go to the market once every five days, attracting villagers including other villages In the Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture of Dehong, such as Xishan Township, and becoming a relatively large- Yunnan Province on the Sino-Burmese border, the author scale bazaar. discovered in the field investigation that there are a large number of audio-visual products from overseas, mainly in There are a lot of people in Hula bazaar and there are many Myanmar, Thailand, and other Southeast Asian countries. As a domestic and foreign products on the market, ranging from vegetables, fruits, Jingpo snacks, and Dai snacks to national *This article is a phased achievement of the Yunnan Provincial costumes, handicrafts and even cosmetics, medicines, and Philosophy and Social Science Base topic "Research on Myanmar-China audio-visual products in Southeast Asian countries such as public sentiment and Border Stability" (JD2015YB18) and Yunnan Province Myanmar and Thailand. There are five booths selling School Provincial School Cooperation Project "Research on New Media audiovisual products in the entire market. Three of the booths Cooperation and Strategic Communication between Yunnan and South Asia, belong to Chinese and the other two are Burmese, while their Southeast Asia" (SYSX201718) Copyright © 2018, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). 1548 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 233 audiovisual products are also varied. The author finds that the In addition to Burmese and Thai popular songs and film audiovisual products in the China-Myanmar border region and television dramas, there are some video products that exhibit backward propagation characteristics in terms of reflect the conditions in the Kachin region at Hula bazaar. content, direction, and audience when sells the audiovisual While the contents were affected by the events of the previous products with the owners as well as the communication with year, such as videos of Kachin Christmas and the military them. parade of Kachin Independence Army. Due to the battle between the Burmese government and the Kachin Army in In terms of the content, the audiovisual products on Hula 2011, there are many videos of live war scenes, Kachin people bazaar can be roughly divided into Jingpo and Dai ethnic fled homes, and lived in difficult refugee camps on the market. songs and dances, Burmese pop songs, Burmese film and These videos, made the Chinese Jingpo people know current television dramas, Thai TV dramas, Christian music, Kachin situation in Kachin, Myanmar and enabled the Jingpo people regional videos, and domestic hit play drama and so on. in China to see the true living conditions of the foreign Among these categories, ethnic songs and dances sell best. For compatriots more vividly. In addition, there are some anti-drug example, the audiovisual products at the Munao dancing videos announced by Kachin, such as "TsawMyitHpang Ai Festival have versions in different regions and different years. Shara", "Nwai Pan PuNgaDingsa" and others. For example, the audiovisual products of Dehong International Munao dancing Festival have versions from 2012 to 2015while The domestic hits are mainly TV dramas and some popular the year of 2012 has the largest scale. In addition to the cartoons on TV stations such as Hunan Satellite TV and audiovisual products of Munao dancing Festival, there are also Jiangsu Satellite TV. Well, during the investigation, the drama video products for the beauty contest, one of the activities of The Journey of Flower premieres on Hunan Satellite TV, so the Munao dancing Festival, which has attracted many the CD is produced and sold on the market almost consumers to purchase. In terms of regions, there are products simultaneously. Other popular dramas such as Destined to of Longchuan International Munao dancing Festival in2006, Love You and The Double Life of Veronique are mainly bought 2013 and 2015, Ruili in 2006, Yingjiangin 2009 and Xishan by young people and teenagers; Animated cartoons such as Township as well as various years and regions in Myitkyina, Boonie Bears, Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf and Ultraman Myanmar. The audiovisual products of Munao dancing can be sold for more than 10 copies each time during summer Festival sell best. According to an audio-visual booth owner, holiday. There is a certain market for the hit TV dramas in he can sell 40 to 50 audio-visual products of the Munao Hula bazaar shows that the cultural consumption of the cross- dancing Festival a time. According to the author’s observation border ethnic groups on the China-Burma border has the same and statistics of the bazaar on July 27 at Hula Street, during the diversity characteristics as other regions in the country, but at period between 9 and 11 o’clock, the video products of the the same time, we should see that the Burmese and Thai Munao dancing Festival were sold 32 pieces, of which 19 audiovisual products are rich in types and sell good in the pieces of video products were the 2012 Dehong International China-Myanmar border region, so the cultural products Munao dancing Festival. Ethnic songs and dances are mainly consumption of China’s cross-border ethnic groups are more albums including Jingpo famous singers or bands, such as likely to be affected by the two countries. Dashan password, Liu Yongjiang, Tang Murui, and Yue Muguo. The Dai singers sing mainly new Dai songs and folk From the perspective of audiences, the people who songs, and they recommend some singers: Zai Hanliang, purchase overseas audio-visual products are mainly the cross- Zaixiang Zhuangfa, Lang Hannong, Zaixiang Zhuangmao, border peoples living in Dehong Prefecture, such as Jingpo and Saichang, Lang Yinghuan, and many other Art Performance Dai. Due to language and culture, there are not many Burmese CD of Burmese artists in Dehong State. consumers who purchase hot broadcasts in China. Audio- visual product stall owner XS said: “Burmese people rarely There are also many popular Burmese and Thai songs and buy domestic CD-ROMs because of language barriers, at most TV dramas in the China-Myanmar border areas, especially at Jackie Chan's, they can
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