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Dungers and Chafers – SCARABS Ef paŏ ópefur, peir vilja koma Occasional Issue Number 34 Print ISSN 1937-8343 Online ISSN 1937-8351 December, 2008 WITHIN THIS ISSUE Dungers and Chafers – South African Scarabs .... 1 A Trip to South Africa by Ted C. MacRae Rarest Scarab Stories ..... 10 Ted C. MacRae, Research Entomologist In Past Years XVII .......... 15 Monsanto Company 700 Chesterfield Parkway West Coenonycha lurida ........ 22 Chesterfield, MO 63017 U.S.A. [email protected] (Home) [email protected] (Work) “There is always something new to be my primary interest, so I out of Africa.” – Pliny the Elder suppose at this point I must beg forgiveness from the readers of I’ve been collecting beetles for this newsletter for my intrusion a more than a quarter century into this scarab-dominated realm. now, and during that time I’ve As justification, I confess that I’ve had the good fortune to collect in always had difficulty narrowing my BACK ISSUES many places across the U.S. and scope to just one family of beetles Available At These Sites: abroad. For the most part, my (or even to one order of insects). In travels have been confined to the fact, treehoppers – of all things – Coleopterists Society Western Hemisphere (not that I were the first insects that captured www.coleopsoc.org/de- fault.asp?Action=Show_ consider this terribly confining!); my taxonomic interest while I was Resources&ID=Scarabs however, some years ago I had studying leafhopper life histories the opportunity to go to South in graduate school. It wasn’t long, University of Nebraska Africa and spend time in the however, before I “saw the light” www-museum.unl.edu/ field during their spring season and started concentrating on research/entomology/ Scarabs-Newsletter.htm (November to December) with beetles. With so many beetles to my friend and colleague, Chuck choose from, I began collecting EDITORS Bellamy. At the time, Chuck all of the favorites – bycids and Rich Cunningham was in the middle of his second tigers and bups (oh my!), scarabs [email protected] stint at the Transvaal Museum and clerids, blisters and clicks. of Natural History in Pretoria, If it possessed elytra of any Barney Streit barneystreit@hotmail. where he was busy assembling manner, I collected it. Of course, com an impressive body of work on a focus that encompassed 25% South African Buprestidae. I, too, of all life forms quickly became Bill Warner consider this family of beetles overwhelming, so I eventually [email protected] colleagues at the Transvaal Museum, mammologist Duncan Macfadyen and arachnologist Paul Bayliss. Our destination for this first week was Borakalalo National Park, located ~60 km north of Brits in North West Province. Borakalalo consists of 13,000 hectacres of acacia and deciduous woodland and open bushveld surrounding the 800 hectacres Klipvoor Dam. Riverine forest lines the banks Photo 1: The author standing next to a termite mound. of the Moretele River, which narrowed my focus even more and, runs through Klipvoor. The thus, settled on woodboring beetles park is touted for its diversity of – first cerambycids and ultimately wildlife – over 350 bird species buprestids. I’ve never lost my have been documented within interest in these other groups, the park (including 11 species of however, and when traveling to eagle), and an enormous variety another country, especially one of antelope and other mammals as exotic as Africa, all bets are off may also be viewed. Considering – I’m back to collecting not only its status as a wildlife reserve, we my chosen specialty but anything would see many such animals Editors Note: Since we had that looks “cool.” Scarabs are during our visit, but it was the some extra space in the definitely cool, and during my trip vervet monkeys who immediately sidebars, we included a to South Africa, I found myself captured my fascination. few photos of Ted’s prize buprestids. These depict encountering a diversity of colors Watching them comically why Ted traveled to South and forms that were too good to running, jumping, climbing, Africa in the first place. pass up. So I collected them – lots chasing and play fighting was of them, and I’d like to highlight a sight to behold; however, my here a few of the more interesting fascination with them would be experiences I had in finding them. short-lived. More on this later… I’ll fight the urge to talk about the many cool buprestids that I found, After arriving at the park, I could and hopefully my contribution will hardly contain myself – I was not “bump” an otherwise worthy so anxious to start collecting submission by someone who has (Photo 1). We drove through had the good sense to consider the park for a little bit looking scarabs as their first love. for a good spot to pull over and begin the hunt. After finding My trip was to last for two weeks, such as spot, I grabbed my trusty which we divided into two one- beating sheet and began doing week excursions. After spending what I have done so many times a few days enjoying the beautiful before – walking up to a tree, city of Pretoria, we joined Chuck’s giving a branch a whack with the Page 2 handle of my net, and hoping to dozens and dozens of large, green see some prized buprestid laying cetoniines resembling our own on the beating sheet. The habitat green June beetle, Cotinis nitida was ideal for this – dominated (L.), which seemed to be attracted by low, spreading acacias such to the small, white blooms that as Acacia tortilis and A. karoo. covered the tree in profusion. I Buprestids love acacias! I had netted a few of the beetles, which I already learned this in my travels would later determine to represent through the American desert the common savannah species southwest and down into Mexico Dischista cincta (de Geer) (Photo and South America – surely it was 2). Such was my welcome to the same in South Africa. The first Africa, where it seemed the trees Acmaeodera whack yielded nothing – typical. literally are ‘dripping’ with beetles! (Paracmaeodera) Even when collecting is good, viridaenea swierstrae Obenberger. buprestids are never “dripping Over the next several days, I from the trees,” and often one must would collect a nice diversity literally beat dozens and dozens of buprestids, primarily small of trees to really get a good idea species in the enormous genera of the diversity and abundance of buprestid species that are active in a given area. I whacked a few more trees, with similar results. I then spotted one particularly large acacia tree – something about it said, “beat me!” I walked over to it and gave a branch a whack. All at once, it seemed as though the world was exploding! The air was suddenly abuzz with dozens of large, flying insects, whirring and swirling all around me. My first thought in that initial moment of terror was that I had whacked a hornet’s nest – who knew what kinds of deadly, venomous wasps one might encounter in Africa? Instinctively I ducked and started running, but within a few moments I realized that I was not being chased. Cautiously, I sneaked back towards the tree (after stuffing my heart back down my throat) and realized that they were not hornets after all, but instead beetles. I Photo 2: Dischista cincta (de Geer), a common species in looked more closely and saw that the savannah woodland of South Africa. the tree was literally alive with Page 3 Acmaeodera and Agrilus, off of testaceoguttata (Blanchard) these same species of acacia, but (Photo 3), Discopeltis mashona never again did I encounter an (Péringuey), Dolichostethus aggregation of Dischista cincta levis (Janson), Elaphinis like the one I saw on that very first (Micrelaphinis) latecostata day in Africa. I learned to focus Boheman, Mausoleopsis amabilis my attention on certain species (Schaum), Plaesiorrhinella of trees, which included not (Chondrorrhina) trivittata only Acacia karoo and A. tortilis, (Schaum), and Rhinocoeta armata but also two other leguminous Boheman. Particularly abundant trees – Dichrostachys cinerea and were individuals of the speciose Peltophorum africanum – and the genus Leucoscelis, primarily L. combretaceous Terminalia sericea. amethystina (MacLeay) and L. (At this point, I must acknowledge vitticollis (Boheman) – variable the considerable botanical expertise species which I found to be of Duncan, who grew up on South especially fond of the blossoms Africa’s game reserves with his of P. africanum, and a nice series father serving as a game warden. of the all-black Tephraea morosa Duncan knew the identity of almost Schaum were found on flowers Acmaeodera (s. str.) every plant we encountered, and it of T. sericea. I also captured in grata grata Boheman. was quite a treat to have my own flight several specimens of a ‘personal botanist’ on hand to large, robust, black species that I identify whatever plant on which assumed must belong to the tribe I collected a particular species of Cetoniini. This turned out to be beetle.) In addition to the buprestid the large hive beetle, Oplostomus beetles I collected off of these fuligineus (Olivier), more closely plant species, I also encountered related to Cremastocheilus than a dizzying diversity of chafers to true cetoniines and considered such as Clinteroides permutans a minor pest in South Africa due (Burmeister), Cyrtothyraea to its parasitic colonization of bee hives. Chafers were not the only scarabs I encountered in abundance at Borakalalo, and I’ll give you one guess as to what other scarab group I encountered in abundance at this mammal game reserve. That’s right, dung beetles. Never before have I seen such an abundance and diversity of dung beetles in one spot, but then again, never before have I Photo 3: Cyrtothyraea testaceoguttata (Blanchard) on seen such an abundance of dung! blossoms of Peltophorum africanum.
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