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Somateria spectabilis (King )

European Red List of

Supplementary Material

The European Union (EU27) Red List assessments were based principally on the official data reported by EU Member States to the European Commission under Article 12 of the Birds Directive in 2013-14. For the European Red List assessments, similar data were sourced from BirdLife Partners and other collaborating experts in other European countries and territories. For more information, see BirdLife International (2015).

Contents Reported national population sizes and trends p. 2 Trend maps of reported national population data p. 4 Sources of reported national population data p. 7 Species factsheet bibliography p. 8

Recommended citation BirdLife International (2015) European Red List of Birds. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.

Further information http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/info/euroredlist http://www.birdlife.org/europe-and-central-asia/european-red-list-birds-0 http://www.iucnredlist.org/initiatives/europe http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/conservation/species/redlist/

Data requests and feedback To request access to these data in electronic format, provide new information, correct any errors or provide feedback, please email [email protected].

THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™ BirdLife International (2015) European Red List of Birds Somateria spectabilis (King Eider)

Table 1. Reported national breeding population size and trends in Europe1. Country (or Population estimate Short-term population trend4 Long-term population trend4 Subspecific population (where relevant) 2 territory) Size (pairs)3 Europe (%) Year(s) Quality Direction5 Magnitude (%)6 Year(s) Quality Direction5 Magnitude (%)6 Year(s) Quality DK: 2,000-5,000 8 2000-2012 poor ? ? 0-5 <1 2001-2013 poor F 0 2000-2013 poor ? NO: 500 1 2001-2013 poor ? ? Russia 35,000-40,000 91 1995-2002 poor ? + 5-30 1980-2012 medium EU27 0 <1 n/a Europe 37,500-45,500 100 Unknown 1 See 'Sources' at end of factsheet, and for more details on individual EU Member State reports, see the Article 12 reporting portal at http://bd.eionet.europa.eu/article12/report. 2 The designation of geographical entities and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN or BirdLife International concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. 3 In the few cases where population size estimates were reported in units other than those specified, they were converted to the correct units using standard correction factors. 4 The robustness of regional trends to the effects of any missing or incomplete data was tested using plausible scenarios, based on other sources of information, including any other reported information, recent national Red Lists, scientific literature, other publications and consultation with relevant experts. 5 Trend directions are reported as: increasing (+); decreasing (-); stable (0); fluctuating (F); or unknown (?). 6 Trend magnitudes are rounded to the nearest integer.

THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™ BirdLife International (2015) European Red List of Birds Somateria spectabilis (King Eider)

Table 2. Reported national wintering population sizes and trends in Europe1. Note that some countries within the species' wintering range did not report any data, and that only minimum totals are presented, to avoid double-counting of birds moving between countries. Country (or Population estimate Short-term population trend4 Long-term population trend4 Subspecific population (where relevant) 2 territory) Size (individuals)3 Europe (%) Year(s) Quality Direction5 Magnitude (%)6 Year(s) Quality Direction5 Magnitude (%)6 Year(s) Quality DK: Greenland 300,000-500,000 81 2000-2012 medium 0 0 2000-2012 poor 0 0 1980-2012 poor Iceland Present <1 2012 ? ? Norway 70,000-100,000 18 1994-2003 medium ? ? Russia 6,956 1 2003 good ? + 100-110 1977-2005 good EU27 0 <1 n/a Europe 377,000-607,000 100 Stable 1 See 'Sources' at end of factsheet, and for more details on individual EU Member State reports, see the Article 12 reporting portal at http://bd.eionet.europa.eu/article12/report. 2 The designation of geographical entities and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN or BirdLife International concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. 3 In the few cases where population size estimates were reported in units other than those specified, they were converted to the correct units using standard correction factors. 4 The robustness of regional trends to the effects of any missing or incomplete data was tested using plausible scenarios, based on other sources of information, including any other reported information, recent national Red Lists, scientific literature, other publications and consultation with relevant experts. 5 Trend directions are reported as: increasing (+); decreasing (-); stable (0); fluctuating (F); or unknown (?). 6 Trend magnitudes are rounded to the nearest integer.

THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™ BirdLife International (2015) European Red List of Birds Trend maps

A symbol appears in each country where the species occurs: the shape and colour of the symbol represent the population trend in that country, and the size of the symbol corresponds to the proportion of the European population occurring in that country.

KEY

Ç Large increase (≥50%) È Large decrease (≥50%) Ç Moderate increase (20–49%) È Moderate decrease (20–49%) Ç Small increase (<20%) È Small decrease (<20%) ñ Increase of unknown magnitude ò Decrease of unknown magnitude

å Stable or fluctuating 0 Unknown ¢ Present (no population or trend data) Ð Extinct since 1980

Each symbol, with the exception of Present and Extinct, may occur in up to three different size classes, corresponding to the proportion of the European population occurring in that country. ñ Large: ≥10% of the European population ñ Medium: 1–9% of the European population ñ Small: <1% of the European population

The designation of geographical entities and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN or BirdLife International concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™ BirdLife International (2015) European Red List of Birds Figure 1. Breeding population sizes and short-term trends across Europe.

Figure 2. Breeding population sizes and long-term trends across Europe.

THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™ BirdLife International (2015) European Red List of Birds Figure 3. Reported wintering population sizes and short-term trends across Europe. Note that some countries within the species' wintering range did not report any data.

Figure 4. Reported wintering population sizes and long-term trends across Europe. Note that some countries within the species' wintering range did not report any data.

THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™ BirdLife International (2015) European Red List of Birds Somateria spectabilis (King Eider)

Sources

DK: Greenland Breeding population size: Boertmann, D. 2008. Grønlands Rødliste 2007. – Grønlands Hjemmestyre og Danmarks Miljøundersøgelser, 152 p. Breeding short-term trend: Boertmann, D. unpublished Breeding long-term trend: Boertmann, D. unpublished Winter population size: Boertmann, B., Mosbech, A., Schiedek, D. & Dünweber, M. (eds) 2013. Disko West. A strategic environmental impact assessment of hydrocarbon activities. – Scientific Report from DCE – Danish Centre for Environment and Energy, nr. 71. Aarhus University, 306 pp. Winter short-term trend: Boertmann, B., Mosbech, A., Schiedek, D. & Dünweber, M. (eds) 2013. Disko West. A strategic environmental impact assessment of hydrocarbon activities. – Scientific Report from DCE – Danish Centre for Environment and Energy, nr. 71. Aarhus University, 306 pp. Winter long-term trend: Boertmann, B., Mosbech, A., Schiedek, D. & Dünweber, M. (eds) 2013. Disko West. A strategic environmental impact assessment of hydrocarbon activities. – Scientific Report from DCE – Danish Centre for Environment and Energy, nr. 71. Aarhus University, 306 pp. Iceland Norway Breeding population size: Karl-Birger Strann pers. comm. Breeding short-term trend: same as 2.6 (population sources) Winter population size: Svorkmo-Lundberg, T., Bakken, V., Helberg, M., Mørk, K., Røer, J.E. & Sæbø, S. 2006. Norsk VinterfuglAtlas. Fuglenes utbredelse, bestandsstørrelse og økologi vinterstid. Norsk Ornitologisk Forening, Trondheim. 496 pp. NO: Svalbard Breeding population size: Norwegian Polar Institute unpublished data Russia Breeding population size: Mischenko A.L. (ed.) 2004. Estimation of numbers and trends for birds of the European part of Russia («Birds in Europe-II»). Moscow, RBCU (in Russian). Mineev O.Yu. 2005. Waterfowl of Malozemelskaya and Pechora River Delta. Ekaterinburg: 161 pp. (in Russian). Breeding long-term trend: Mineev Yu.N. 2003. of East-European Tundra. Ekaterinburg: 225 pp. (in Russian). Winter population size: Krasnov Yu.V., Ström H., Gavrilo M.V., Shavykin A.A. 2004. Seabirds wintering in polynias along the Terskiy Coast of the White Sea and along East Murman Coast. - Ornitologia, 31: 51-57 (in Russian). Winter long-term trend: Krasnov Yu.V., Ström H., Gavrilo M.V., Shavykin A.A. 2004. Seabirds wintering in polynias along the Terskiy Coast of the White Sea and along East Murman Coast. - Ornitologia, 31: 51-57 (in Russian).

THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™ BirdLife International (2015) European Red List of Birds Bibliography

Carboneras, C. and Kirwan, G.M. 2014. King Eider (Somateria spectabilis). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. and de Juana, E. (eds.) 2014. Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from http://www.hbw.com/node/52915 on 27 February 2015)

Flint, V.E., Boehme, R.L., Kostin, Y.V. and Kuznetsov, A.A. 1984. A field guide to birds of the USSR. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.

Johnsgard, P.A. 1978. , geese and swans of the World. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln and London.

Kear, J. 2005. Ducks, geese and swans volume 2: species accounts (Cairina to Mergus). Oxford University Press, Oxford, U.K.

Madge, S. and Burn, H. 1988. Wildfowl. Christopher Helm, London.

Nikolaeva, N.G., Spiridonov, V.A. and Krasnov, Y.V. 2006. Existing and proposed marine protected areas and their relevance for seabird conservation: a case study in the Barents Sea region. In: Boere, G., Galbraith, C. and Stroud, D. (ed.), Waterbirds around the world, pp. 743-749. The Stationary Office, Edinburgh, UK.

Snow, D.W. and Perrins, C.M. 1998. The Birds of the Western Palearctic vol. 1: Non-Passerines. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™ BIRDLIFE INTERNATIONAL (2015) EUROPEAN RED LIST OF BIRDS