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THE FAMILY ANATIDAE Ernst Mayr 37 J. Delacour THE FAMILY ANATIDAE Ernst Mayr 37 A LIST OF THE GENERA AND SPECIES OF ANATIDAE On the basis of the considerations in the above section of our paper, we propose the following list* of genera and species of Anatidae: I SUBFAMILY ANSERINAE 1. TRIBE ANSERINI. GEESE AND SWANS Bra&a canadensis, Canada Goose sandwicensis (“Nesochelz”), Hawaiian Goose leucopsis, Barnacle Goose bernicla, Brant rujcollis, Red-breasted Goose Anser cygnoides (“Cygnopsis”), Swan-goose jabalis (inc. neglectusand brachyrhynchus), Bean Goose, Sushkin’s Goose, and Pink-footed Goose albijrons, White-fronted Goose 1 erythropus, Lesser White-fronted Goose anser, Grey-Lag Goose indicus (“Eulabeia”), Bar-headed Goose canagicus (“Philucte”), Emperor Goose caerulescens(“Cherz”, inc. hyperboreusand atlanticus), Blue Goose, Lesser and Greater Snow Geese rossi (“Chen”), Ross’s Goose Cygnus columbianus (inc. bewicki), Whistling and Bewick’s Swans Cygnus (inc. buccinator), Whooper and Trumpeter Swans melanocoryphus, Black-necked Swan olor, Mute Swan stratus (“Chenopis”), Black Swan Coscoroba coscoroba,Coscoroba 2. TRIBE DENDROCYGNINI. WHISTLING DUCKS (TREE DUCKS) Dendrocygna arborea, Black-billed Whistling Duck g&tutu, Spotted Whistling Duck autumn&s, Red-billed Whistling Duck javanica, Indian Whistling Duck bicolor, Fulvous Whistling Duck 1 arcuata, Wandering Whistling Duck eytoni, Plumed Whistling Duck viduata, White-faced Whistling Duck 8Additional genera and speciesrecognized by Peters are given in parenthesis. Each pair or group of speciesunited by a bracket constitutesa superspecies. March 1945 38 THE WILSON BULLETIN Vol. 51, No. 1 II SUBFAMILYANATINAE 1. TRIBE TADORNINI. SHELDRAKES Lophonetta specularioides (“Anus”), Crested Duck Tadorna cristata (“Pseudotadorna”), Korean Sheldrake ferruginea (“Casarca”), Ruddy Sheldrake cana (“Casarca”), South African Sheldrake tadornoides (“Casarca”), Australian Sheldrake 1 variegata (“Casarca”), Paradise Sheldrake radjah, Radjah Sheldrake tadorna, Common Sheldrake Alopochen aegyptiacus, Egyptian Goose Neochert jubatus, Orinoco Goose Cyanochen cyanopterus, Abyssinian Blue-winged Goose Chlolphaga melarcoptera, Andean Goose poliocephata, Ashy-headed Goose rubidiceps, Ruddy-headed Goose picta (= dispar = leucoptera), Magellan Goose hybrida, Kelp Goose Aberrant Species Cereopsis novae-hollandiae, Cape Barren Goose Tachyeres patachonicus, Flying Steamer Duck ptelzeres, Magellanic Flightless Steamer Duck brachypterus, Falkland Flightless Steamer Duck 2. TRIBE ANATINI. RIVER DUCKS Anus speczllaris, Bronze-winged Duck Anas zoaigiuensis (“Salvadorina”), Salvadori’s Duck Auas augustirostris, Marbled Teal cupensis, Cape Teal punctata, Hottentot Teal versicolor, Versicolor Teal erythrorhyucha, African Red-billed Duck bahamemis (inc. galapagertsis), Bahama and Galapagos Island Ducks J. Delacour Ernst Mayr THE FAMILY ANATIDAE 39 Anus fgeorgica (inc. spinicauda), South Georgian and South American Pintails 1a&a (inc. eat&), Common Pintail and Eaton’s Pintail Anus flavirostris (inc. art&urn), Yellow-billed and Andean Teal crecca, Green-winged Teal Anus jormosa, Baikal Teal Anus jaZcata, Falcated Teal Anus berrtieri, Madagascan Teal 1gibberijrons (inc. albogularis), Gray Teal and Andaman Teal castanea, Chestnut-breasted Teal 1 aucklandica (“Nesonetta”, inc. Anus chlorotis), Auckland Island Teal and Brown Teal A nas julvigula (inc. diazi and rubripes), Dusky Duck, Mexican, and Black Ducks poecilorhyncha (inc. superciliosa and luaonica), Spot-bill, Aus- tralian Duck, and Philippine Duck melleri, Meller’s Duck undulata, African Yellow-billed Duck platyrhylzchos (inc. wyvilliana, Eaysanensis, and oustaleti), Com- mon Mallard, Hawaiian Duck, Laysan Teal, and Marianas Mallard Anus sparsa, African Black Duck Anus strepera (“Chaulelasmus”, inc. couesi), Gadwall and Coues’ Gadwall Anus Penelope (L‘Mareca”), European Widgeon I americana (“Marecu”), American Widgeon sibilatrix (“Mareca”), Chilije Widgeon Anus discors, Blue-winged Teal cyalzoptera, Cinnamon Teal querquedula, Garganey Teal platalea (“Spattila”), South American Shoveller smithi (“SpatuZa cape%sis”), Cape Shoveller rhylzchotis (“Spatula”), Australian-New Zealand Shoveller clypeata (“Spatula”), Common Shoveller 40 March 1945 THE WILSON BULLETIN Vol. 57. No. 1 Anus leucophrys, Ringed Teal Aberrant Species Hymenolaimus malacorhyrtchos,Blue Duck Malacorhynchus membranaceus, Pink-eared Duck Rhodolzessa caryophyllacea, Pink-headed Duck Stictonetta naevosa, Freckled Duck (Removed from Anus: specularioides, see Lophonetta, Tribe Tadornini; brasiliensis, see Amazonetta, Tribe Cairinini). 3. TRIBE AYTHYINI. POCHARDS Netta ru@a, Red-crested Pochard peposaca (“Metopiana”), Rosy-billed Pochard erythrophthalma (“Nyroca”), Southern Pochard A ythya valisineria (“Nyroca”), Canvas-back jerina (“Nyroca”), European Pochard americana (“Nyroca”), Redhead innofata (“Nyroca”), Madagascan White-eyed Duck nyroca (“Nyroca”), Common White-eyed Duck baeri (“Nyroca”), Baer’s White-eyed Duck 1 australis (“Nyroca”), Australian White-eyed Duck (novae-seelandiae (“Nyroca”), New Zealand Duck collaris (“Nyroca”), Ring-necked Duck i j&g&a (“Nyroca”), Tufted Duck afinis (“Nyroca”), Lesser Scaup marila (“Nyroca”), Greater Scaup 4. TRIBE CAIRININI. PERCHING DUCKS Amazonetta brasiliensis (“ANas”), Brazilian Teal Chenonetta jubata, Maned Goose Aix galericulata (“Dercdronessa”), Mandarin Duck sponsa, Carolina Wood Duck Netfapus au&us, African Pygmy Goose p&he&s (“Chelziscus”), Green Pygmy Goose coromandelianus (“Cheniscus”), Indian Pygmy Goose Sarkidiornis melasotos (inc. carunculatus), Comb Duck J. Delacour Ernst Mayr THE FAMILY ANATIDAE 41 Cairina hartlaubi (“Pteronettu”), Hartlaub’s Duck scutulata (“Asarcornis”), White-winged Duck moschata, Muscovy Duck Plectropterus gambensis, African Spur-winged Goose Aberrant Species Anseranas semipalmata, Pied Goose 5. TRIBE MERGINI. SEA DUCKS Somateria mollissima, Common Eider spectabilis, King Eider fischeri (“Arctonetta”), Spectacled Eider stelleri (“Polysticta”), Steller’s Eider Camptorhynchus labradorius, Labrador Duck Melanitta nigra (“Oidemia”), Common Scoter perspicillata, Surf Scoter jusca, White-winged Scoter Histrionicus histrionicus, Harlequin Duck Clang&a hyemalis, Old-squaw Bucephala islandica, Barrow’s Golden-eye clang&a, Common Golden-eye albeola, Buffle-head Mergus albellus (“Mergellus”), Smew cucullatus (“Lophodytes”), Hooded Merganser octosetateus,Brazilian Merganser australis, Auckland Island Merganser serrator, Red-breasted Merganser squamatus, Scaly-sided Merganser merganser, Goosander 6. TRIBE OXYURINI. STIFF-TAILED DUCKS Oxyura dominica (“Nomonyx”), Masked Duck leucocephala, White-headed Duck jamaicensis, North American Ruddy Duck australis (inc. maccoa, jerruginea, and vittata), Blue-billed Duck, Maccoa Duck, Peruvian Ruddy Duck, and Argentine Ruddy Duck March 1945 42 THE WILSON BULLETIN Vol. 57, No. 1 Biziura L lob&, Australian Musk Duck Aberrant Species Thalassornis leuconota, African White-backed Duck Heteronetta atricapilla, Black-headed Duck 7. TRIBE MERGANETTINI. TORRENTDUCKS Merganetta armuta, Torrent Duck GENERA RECOGNIZEDBY PETERS AND SYNONYMIZEDIHERE Arctonetta= Som&eria Metopiana= Netta Asarcornis = Cairina Nesochen= Branta Casarca = Tadorna Nesonetta= Anus Chaulelasmus= Anas Nomonyx = Oxyura Chen = Anser Nyroca= Aythya Cheniscus= Nettapus Oidemia = Melanitta Chenopis= Cygnus Phil&e= Anser Cygnopsis= Anser Polysticta= Somateria Dendronessa= Aix Pseudotadorna= Tadorna Eulabeia= Anser Pteronetta= Cairina Lophodytes= Mergus Salvadorina= Anus Mareca= Anas Spatula= Anas Mergellus = Mergus GENERA RECOGNIZEDHERE BUT NOT BY PETERS Amazonetta von Boetticher (for Anus brasiliensis) Lophonetta Riley (for Anus specularioides) COMPARISONOP CHARACTERS Our studies have shown that the waterfowl can be divided into about nine groups that are fairly well defined both morphologically and biologically. In addition, there are a number of species and genera that are either intermediate between the otherwise well- defined tribes (e.g. Coscoroba) or too poorly known for a safe classi- fication (e.g. Anus specularis, Anus leucophrys, Malacorhynchus, Tachyeres) ; others show peculiarities or a combination of characters that prevent them from fitting well into any of the existing groups. Such genera as the Australian Cereopsis, Anseranas, Stictonetta, and Chenonetta could either be made the sole representatives of so many separate tribes or each could be included in the tribe with which it shares the greatest number of similarities. For the sake of con- venience we have adopted the latter course, but without forgetting that these genera are not typical representatives of the tribes with which we associate them. .
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