Pennsylvania Folklife Vol. 18, No. 3 Harry E
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Ursinus College Digital Commons @ Ursinus College Pennsylvania Folklife Magazine Pennsylvania Folklife Society Collection Spring 1969 Pennsylvania Folklife Vol. 18, No. 3 Harry E. Smith Donald R. Friary L. Karen Baldwin Amos Long Jr. Friedrich Krebs See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/pafolklifemag Part of the American Art and Architecture Commons, American Material Culture Commons, Christian Denominations and Sects Commons, Cultural History Commons, Ethnic Studies Commons, Fiber, Textile, and Weaving Arts Commons, Folklore Commons, Genealogy Commons, German Language and Literature Commons, Historic Preservation and Conservation Commons, History of Religion Commons, Linguistics Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Click here to let us know how access to this document benefits oy u. Recommended Citation Smith, Harry E.; Friary, Donald R.; Baldwin, L. Karen; Long, Amos Jr.; Krebs, Friedrich; and Yoder, Don, "Pennsylvania Folklife Vol. 18, No. 3" (1969). Pennsylvania Folklife Magazine. 36. https://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/pafolklifemag/36 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Pennsylvania Folklife Society Collection at Digital Commons @ Ursinus College. It has been accepted for inclusion in Pennsylvania Folklife Magazine by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Ursinus College. For more information, please contact aprock@ursinus.edu. Authors Harry E. Smith, Donald R. Friary, L. Karen Baldwin, Amos Long Jr., Friedrich Krebs, and Don Yoder This book is available at Digital Commons @ Ursinus College: https://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/pafolklifemag/36 SPRING 1969 The End of the Horse and Buggy Era HORSE-DRAWN TRANSPORTATION: Folk-Cultural Questionnaire No.11 With the exception of Oui' most C011S .rvativ 6. On what occasions or for w hat purposes "plain" sects the horse and buggy age IS ov r. would riding horses be used? Did farm women Our older re~ders, however, well r m mb r the saddle horses? W ere side-saddles used? period b fore the first World War (a cul tural turn 7. Describe the machine found on many earlier ing point in so many r sp cts). when land traffi c farms to lift the wagon bed from the running (with t he exception of th tram) moved only as gars. W hat was the name for this apparatus, in fast as a horse could go. In thes days of high Pennsylvania German and/ or English? speed rail lines, j t air travel, and Thunderbirds, 8. Describe the typ s Of horses kept in the age it is good to look back on the slower-paced ag.e of of horse-drawn transportation, for the various our grandparents .. Will ~ u ~ old r Pennsylval1lans types of vehicle . W ere oxen ever used in your share with us theIr r mmlscences of the age of farming area? horse-drawn transport ation? 9. What were the commands given to horses? 1. Describe the passenger vehicles (buggies, To oxen ? carriages, etc.) owned and operated by the aver age farm family in the late 19th and early 2~th 10. In older Pennsylvania towns such as Kutz Centuries, before the adv nt of the automol?~le. town there are small barns on the back lots of Be sure to name the different types of veh~cle, the bIder houses. How functional were these giving names in both Pennsylvania German .and barns i.e., did village families keep a horse for English if you can. Where were th ~s e vehwles transportation purposes? Also in our older towns manufactured ? W er there local carnage makers (as for instance, L yons, Berks County) there are in your home area? still livery stable buildings to be studied from the past. What function did the livery stable (the 2. Describe the farm wagons in u e on your 19th Century equivalent Of our rent-a-car firms) home farm when you were growing up. What have in Pennsylvania life before the first World types were there, what purposes did they have in W ar? the farm economy, where were they made? W ere carts (two-wheeled freight vehicles) ever used ? 11. Perhaps the most radical cultural revolu Can you give us the vocabulary of w.agon parts, tion Of modern times has been caused by the in in Pennsylvania German and or Enghsh? troduction of the automobile. If you lived thTough t he exciting times at the beginning Of the 20th 3. Particular interest attaches to the colO?- and Century when the automobile was coming into 'flse painting of the buggies and wagons of our past. and competing with horse-drawn transportatwn, Please tell us exactly what you remen:b r about will you be specific in giving us details from your the colors of these vehicl s. W ere bnght colm-s memory Of this important transition. W hat were (yellows, for instance) ver used ? . the first automobiles called? 1f . Where were the vehicles norma~ly k ept-~n 12. W e will appreciate also your writing down the barn, in special carriage houses, ~n sheds, or any humorous stories, jests, rhymes, songs, or elsewhere? sayings, about the age Of ho~se - drawn transpor 5. Describe the process involved in harnes~ing tation and also about the t~me when the first the horse, and hitching the horse to the vehtcl~ . autos ~ hugg e d th eir way into rnml Pennsy7vania. What diff erent types of harness were used? D ~d women ever harness and hitch the horses? From end your repli es to: Dr. Don Yoder readers who are really venturesome, we would College Hall, Box 36 like to have the names ( Pennsylvania German Un iversity of Pennsy lvania and/ or .f}nglish) of th various parts Of the horse's harness. Philadelphia, Po . 19104 Pennsylvania Gennan sectarian [1ro ups still use hor e-drawn transpo1-tation. This photo· gmph taken by David L. H'/,ms b 1'ge1' shows the ca1Tiage lineup at Martin's Old Orde1' Mennonite meetinghouse near St. Jacobs in Ontario. ?""1 ~" 1 / / z I'. SPRING 1969, Vol. XVIII, No.3 EDITOR: Dr. Don Yoder EUITORIAL COMM ITTEE : Dr. Earl F. Robacker Dr. ]. William Frey Dr. Mac E. Barrick Contents Dr. John A. H ostetler Dr. Maurice A. Mook Dr. Alta Schrock 2 The End of the Horse and Buggy Era Dr. Phil Jack HARRY E. SMITH LeRoy Gensler EDITO R EMERITUS: Dr. Alfred l. Shoemaker 26 Moravian Architecture and Town Planning: A Review SUBSCRIPTION RATES : DONALD R. FRIARY $4.00 a year in the United States and Canada. Elsewhere fifty cents 28 Humor in a Friendly World add iri o n a l for postage. Single L . KAREN BALDWIN copies . 1.00. i\ISS AND PHOTOGRAPHS: 34 Chickens and Chicken Houses in Rural Pennsylvania The Editor will be glad to consider AMOS LONG, JR. M S and photographs sent with a view to publication. When unsu it 44 able, and if accompanied by rerum Eighteenth-Century Emigrants to America from the postage, every care will be exer Duchy of ZweibrUcken and the Germersheim District cised toward their return, although FRIEDRICH KREBS no responsibility for their sa fety is Translated and Edited by DON YODER assumed. Horse-Drawn Transportation: PES Y L V A N I A FOLKLIFE, Folk-Cultural Questionnaire No. 11 Spring 1969, Vol. 18, No.3, pub (Inside Front Cover) lished quarterly by the Pennsyl vaOla Folklife Society, Inc., Lan caster, Pennsylvania. Subscriptions Contributors to This Issue and business correspondence: Box (Inside Back Cover) 1053, Lancaster, Pennsylva nia. Edi torial correspondence: Dr. Don Yoder, College H all , Box 36 , Uni versity of Pennsylva nia, Philadel phia, Pennsylvania 19104. Contents copyrighted. COVER :The firs/ (tll/omobile,. fll1 Olds1IIobile, / 0 arrivC' (1/ H egins. Entered as second class matter Schlly lkill COIlI1/Y. Pennsy lvania. Photograph , circa 1906, at Lancaster, Pennsylvania. by Charles S,.hrope. ill Editor's Coller/ion. The END By HARRY E. SMITH chindJ er Studi o, unhury Imbllry and lIs elting Many small t wns have b c me touri t attracti n throug h a quir d fame. f or instan e town in Kan a , Miss uri, l' nn s e, Virg inia, and lat Iy in M as a husetts. But many th r mall tOwns are w reh -while couri t attractions in th ir own ri g ht and with th ir nam s in the hi t ry b k t 1 rove it. ne f the i my cown- unbury, P nnsyl vania. Th town wes its place in history co its 10 ati on at the jun tion of the orth and \'lfest Branches of the u quehanna River. Tw hundred years ag , in the oloni al era, the jun ti on of the e rivers was a trategic frontier utpO t. Befor the white m an came an Indian town lo cated at th jun ti on, call d hamokin, was the meeting pIa e for Indian ou ncil s. The native traveled co this and other m eting places on the rivers in birch bark canoes and along blazed trai l thr ug h the len e I emlOck fore t . In 1765 the British built F rr Augusta, named for the then qu en f Englan I, t stOi ext n i n of Fren h in fiu en eat f th Al palachian M untain . But the French oon learn d that a fort n the u quehanna River wa building and, with h tile im mion , el1l an xped ition fr m V nanga on the All gheny Riv r down the \'lfest Branch. ~ hen the French ame to the bluff acro the riv r from the f rt th y saw, t their surpri e, that it was co far advanced in on tru tion and could nOt be taken.