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“Log” File in Stata
Updated July 2018 Creating a “Log” File in Stata This set of notes describes how to create a log file within the computer program Stata. It assumes that you have set Stata up on your computer (see the “Getting Started with Stata” handout), and that you have read in the set of data that you want to analyze (see the “Reading in Stata Format (.dta) Data Files” handout). A log file records all your Stata commands and output in a given session, with the exception of graphs. It is usually wise to retain a copy of the work that you’ve done on a given project, to refer to while you are writing up your findings, or later on when you are revising a paper. A log file is a separate file that has either a “.log” or “.smcl” extension. Saving the log as a .smcl file (“Stata Markup and Control Language file”) keeps the formatting from the Results window. It is recommended to save the log as a .log file. Although saving it as a .log file removes the formatting and saves the output in plain text format, it can be opened in most text editing programs. A .smcl file can only be opened in Stata. To create a log file: You may create a log file by typing log using ”filepath & filename” in the Stata Command box. On a PC: If one wanted to save a log file (.log) for a set of analyses on hard disk C:, in the folder “LOGS”, one would type log using "C:\LOGS\analysis_log.log" On a Mac: If one wanted to save a log file (.log) for a set of analyses in user1’s folder on the hard drive, in the folder “logs”, one would type log using "/Users/user1/logs/analysis_log.log" If you would like to replace an existing log file with a newer version add “replace” after the file name (Note: PC file path) log using "C:\LOGS\analysis_log.log", replace Alternately, you can use the menu: click on File, then on Log, then on Begin. -
Basic STATA Commands
Summer School on Capability and Multidimensional Poverty OPHI-HDCA, 2011 Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) http://ophi.qeh.ox.ac.uk Oxford Dept of International Development, Queen Elizabeth House, University of Oxford Basic STATA commands Typical STATA window Review Results Variables Commands Exploring your data Create a do file doedit Change your directory cd “c:\your directory” Open your database use database, clear Import from Excel (csv file) insheet using "filename.csv" Condition (after the following commands) if var1==3 or if var1==”male” Equivalence symbols: == equal; ~= not equal; != not equal; > greater than; >= greater than or equal; < less than; <= less than or equal; & and; | or. Weight [iw=weight] or [aw=weight] Browse your database browse Look for a variables lookfor “any word/topic” Summarize a variable (mean, standard su variable1 variable2 variable3 deviation, min. and max.) Tabulate a variable (per category) tab variable1 (add a second variables for cross tabs) Statistics for variables by subgroups tabstat variable1 variable2, s(n mean) by(group) Information of a variable (coding) codebook variable1, tab(99) Keep certain variables (use drop for the keep var1 var2 var3 opposite) Save a dataset save filename, [replace] Summer School on Capability and Multidimensional Poverty OPHI-HDCA, 2011 Creating Variables Generate a new variable (a number or a gen new_variable = 1 combinations of other variables) gen new_variable = variable1+ variable2 Generate a new variable conditional gen new_variable -
What Is UNIX? the Directory Structure Basic Commands Find
What is UNIX? UNIX is an operating system like Windows on our computers. By operating system, we mean the suite of programs which make the computer work. It is a stable, multi-user, multi-tasking system for servers, desktops and laptops. The Directory Structure All the files are grouped together in the directory structure. The file-system is arranged in a hierarchical structure, like an inverted tree. The top of the hierarchy is traditionally called root (written as a slash / ) Basic commands When you first login, your current working directory is your home directory. In UNIX (.) means the current directory and (..) means the parent of the current directory. find command The find command is used to locate files on a Unix or Linux system. find will search any set of directories you specify for files that match the supplied search criteria. The syntax looks like this: find where-to-look criteria what-to-do All arguments to find are optional, and there are defaults for all parts. where-to-look defaults to . (that is, the current working directory), criteria defaults to none (that is, select all files), and what-to-do (known as the find action) defaults to ‑print (that is, display the names of found files to standard output). Examples: find . –name *.txt (finds all the files ending with txt in current directory and subdirectories) find . -mtime 1 (find all the files modified exact 1 day) find . -mtime -1 (find all the files modified less than 1 day) find . -mtime +1 (find all the files modified more than 1 day) find . -
PC23 and PC43 Desktop Printer User Manual Document Change Record This Page Records Changes to This Document
PC23 | PC43 Desktop Printer PC23d, PC43d, PC43t User Manual Intermec by Honeywell 6001 36th Ave.W. Everett, WA 98203 U.S.A. www.intermec.com The information contained herein is provided solely for the purpose of allowing customers to operate and service Intermec-manufactured equipment and is not to be released, reproduced, or used for any other purpose without written permission of Intermec by Honeywell. Information and specifications contained in this document are subject to change without prior notice and do not represent a commitment on the part of Intermec by Honeywell. © 2012–2014 Intermec by Honeywell. All rights reserved. The word Intermec, the Intermec logo, Fingerprint, Ready-to-Work, and SmartSystems are either trademarks or registered trademarks of Intermec by Honeywell. For patent information, please refer to www.hsmpats.com Wi-Fi is a registered certification mark of the Wi-Fi Alliance. Microsoft, Windows, and the Windows logo are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. Bluetooth is a trademark of Bluetooth SIG, Inc., U.S.A. The products described herein comply with the requirements of the ENERGY STAR. As an ENERGY STAR partner, Intermec Technologies has determined that this product meets the ENERGY STAR guidelines for energy efficiency. For more information on the ENERGY STAR program, see www.energystar.gov. The ENERGY STAR does not represent EPA endorsement of any product or service. ii PC23 and PC43 Desktop Printer User Manual Document Change Record This page records changes to this document. The document was originally released as Revision 001. Version Number Date Description of Change 005 12/2014 Revised to support MR7 firmware release. -
Useful Commands in Linux and Other Tools for Quality Control
Useful commands in Linux and other tools for quality control Ignacio Aguilar INIA Uruguay 05-2018 Unix Basic Commands pwd show working directory ls list files in working directory ll as before but with more information mkdir d make a directory d cd d change to directory d Copy and moving commands To copy file cp /home/user/is . To copy file directory cp –r /home/folder . to move file aa into bb in folder test mv aa ./test/bb To delete rm yy delete the file yy rm –r xx delete the folder xx Redirections & pipe Redirection useful to read/write from file !! aa < bb program aa reads from file bb blupf90 < in aa > bb program aa write in file bb blupf90 < in > log Redirections & pipe “|” similar to redirection but instead to write to a file, passes content as input to other command tee copy standard input to standard output and save in a file echo copy stream to standard output Example: program blupf90 reads name of parameter file and writes output in terminal and in file log echo par.b90 | blupf90 | tee blup.log Other popular commands head file print first 10 lines list file page-by-page tail file print last 10 lines less file list file line-by-line or page-by-page wc –l file count lines grep text file find lines that contains text cat file1 fiel2 concatenate files sort sort file cut cuts specific columns join join lines of two files on specific columns paste paste lines of two file expand replace TAB with spaces uniq retain unique lines on a sorted file head / tail $ head pedigree.txt 1 0 0 2 0 0 3 0 0 4 0 0 5 0 0 6 0 0 7 0 0 8 0 0 9 0 0 10 -
CS101 Lecture 8
What is a program? What is a “Window Manager” ? What is a “GUI” ? How do you navigate the Unix directory tree? What is a wildcard? Readings: See CCSO’s Unix pages and 8-2 Applications Unix Engineering Workstations UNIX- operating system / C- programming language / Matlab Facilitate machine independent program development Computer program(software): a sequence of instructions that tells the computer what to do. A program takes raw data as input and produces information as output. System Software: • Operating Systems Unix,Windows,MacOS,VM/CMS,... • Editor Programs gedit, pico, vi Applications Software: • Translators and Interpreters gcc--gnu c compiler matlab – interpreter • User created Programs!!! 8-4 X-windows-a Window Manager and GUI(Graphical User Interface) Click Applications and follow the menus or click on an icon to run a program. Click Terminal to produce a command line interface. When the following slides refer to Unix commands it is assumed that these are entered on the command line that begins with the symbol “>” (prompt symbol). Data, information, computer instructions, etc. are saved in secondary storage (auxiliary storage) in files. Files are collected or organized in directories. Each user on a multi-user system has his/her own home directory. In Unix users and system administrators organize files and directories in a hierarchical tree. secondary storage Home Directory When a user first logs in on a computer, the user will be “in” the users home directory. To find the name of the directory type > pwd (this is an acronym for print working directory) So the user is in the directory “gambill” The string “/home/gambill” is called a path. -
11 Creating New Variables Generate and Replace This Chapter Shows the Basics of Creating and Modifying Variables in Stata
11 Creating new variables generate and replace This chapter shows the basics of creating and modifying variables in Stata. We saw how to work with the Data Editor in [GSM] 6 Using the Data Editor—this chapter shows how we would do this from the Command window. The two primary commands used for this are • generate for creating new variables. It has a minimum abbreviation of g. • replace for replacing the values of an existing variable. It may not be abbreviated because it alters existing data and hence can be considered dangerous. The most basic form for creating new variables is generate newvar = exp, where exp is any kind of expression. Of course, both generate and replace can be used with if and in qualifiers. An expression is a formula made up of constants, existing variables, operators, and functions. Some examples of expressions (using variables from the auto dataset) would be 2 + price, weight^2 or sqrt(gear ratio). The operators defined in Stata are given in the table below: Relational Arithmetic Logical (numeric and string) + addition ! not > greater than - subtraction | or < less than * multiplication & and >= > or equal / division <= < or equal ^ power == equal != not equal + string concatenation Stata has many mathematical, statistical, string, date, time-series, and programming functions. See help functions for the basics, and see[ D] functions for a complete list and full details of all the built-in functions. You can use menus and dialogs to create new variables and modify existing variables by selecting menu items from the Data > Create or change data menu. This feature can be handy for finding functions quickly. -
Trees, Binary Search Trees, Heaps & Applications Dr. Chris Bourke
Trees Trees, Binary Search Trees, Heaps & Applications Dr. Chris Bourke Department of Computer Science & Engineering University of Nebraska|Lincoln Lincoln, NE 68588, USA [email protected] http://cse.unl.edu/~cbourke 2015/01/31 21:05:31 Abstract These are lecture notes used in CSCE 156 (Computer Science II), CSCE 235 (Dis- crete Structures) and CSCE 310 (Data Structures & Algorithms) at the University of Nebraska|Lincoln. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License 1 Contents I Trees4 1 Introduction4 2 Definitions & Terminology5 3 Tree Traversal7 3.1 Preorder Traversal................................7 3.2 Inorder Traversal.................................7 3.3 Postorder Traversal................................7 3.4 Breadth-First Search Traversal..........................8 3.5 Implementations & Data Structures.......................8 3.5.1 Preorder Implementations........................8 3.5.2 Inorder Implementation.........................9 3.5.3 Postorder Implementation........................ 10 3.5.4 BFS Implementation........................... 12 3.5.5 Tree Walk Implementations....................... 12 3.6 Operations..................................... 12 4 Binary Search Trees 14 4.1 Basic Operations................................. 15 5 Balanced Binary Search Trees 17 5.1 2-3 Trees...................................... 17 5.2 AVL Trees..................................... 17 5.3 Red-Black Trees.................................. 19 6 Optimal Binary Search Trees 19 7 Heaps 19 -
A Brief Introduction to Unix-2019-AMS
A Brief Introduction to Linux/Unix – AMS 2019 Pete Pokrandt UW-Madison AOS Systems Administrator [email protected] Twitter @PTH1 Brief Intro to Linux/Unix o Brief History of Unix o Basics of a Unix session o The Unix File System o Working with Files and Directories o Your Environment o Common Commands Brief Intro to Unix (contd) o Compilers, Email, Text processing o Image Processing o The vi editor History of Unix o Created in 1969 by Kenneth Thompson and Dennis Ritchie at AT&T o Revised in-house until first public release 1977 o 1977 – UC-Berkeley – Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) o 1983 – Sun Workstations produced a Unix Workstation o AT&T unix -> System V History of Unix o Today – two main variants, but blended o System V (Sun Solaris, SGI, Dec OSF1, AIX, linux) o BSD (Old SunOS, linux, Mac OSX/MacOS) History of Unix o It’s been around for a long time o It was written by computer programmers for computer programmers o Case sensitive, mostly lowercase abbreviations Basics of a Unix Login Session o The Shell – the command line interface, where you enter commands, etc n Some common shells Bourne Shell (sh) C Shell (csh) TC Shell (tcsh) Korn Shell (ksh) Bourne Again Shell (bash) [OSX terminal] Basics of a Unix Login Session o Features provided by the shell n Create an environment that meets your needs n Write shell scripts (batch files) n Define command aliases n Manipulate command history n Automatically complete the command line (tab) n Edit the command line (arrow keys in tcsh) Basics of a Unix Login Session o Logging in to a unix -
Mkdir / MD Command :- This Command Is Used to Create the Directory in the Dos
Department Of Computer Application (BBA) Dr. Rakesh Ranjan BCA Sem - 2 Operating system Mkdir / MD Command :- this command is used to create the directory in the dos . we can also create subdirectory within the directory by this command . we have to give path of the proposed directory to create. Syntax : c:\> mkdir abc This command create the directory abc on the c: drive C:\> md abc\cde It create subdirectory cde under abc directory C:\> md abc\pqr C:\md abc\cde\a C:\ md abc\cde\b C:\md abc\pqr\a C:\ md abc\pqr\b C:\md abc\pqr\a\c C:\ md abc\pqr\a\d The structure of the above created directory may be shown as ABC CDE PQR A B A B C D Tree command :- this command in dos is used to display the structure of the directory and subdirectory in DOS. C:\> tree This command display the structure of c: Drive C:\> tree abc It display the structure of abc directory on the c: drive Means that tree command display the directory structure of the given directory of given path. RD Command :- RD stands for Remove directory command . this command is used to remove the directory from the disk . it should be noted that directory which to be removed must be empty otherwise , can not be removed . Syntax :- c:\ rd abc It display error because , abc is not empty C:\ rd abc\cde It also display error because cde is not empty C:\ rd abc\cde\a It works and a directory will remove from the disk C:\ rd abc\cde\b It will remove the b directory C:\rd abc\cde It will remove the cde directory because cde is now empty. -
UNIX (Solaris/Linux) Quick Reference Card Logging in Directory Commands at the Login: Prompt, Enter Your Username
UNIX (Solaris/Linux) QUICK REFERENCE CARD Logging In Directory Commands At the Login: prompt, enter your username. At the Password: prompt, enter ls Lists files in current directory your system password. Linux is case-sensitive, so enter upper and lower case ls -l Long listing of files letters as required for your username, password and commands. ls -a List all files, including hidden files ls -lat Long listing of all files sorted by last Exiting or Logging Out modification time. ls wcp List all files matching the wildcard Enter logout and press <Enter> or type <Ctrl>-D. pattern Changing your Password ls dn List files in the directory dn tree List files in tree format Type passwd at the command prompt. Type in your old password, then your new cd dn Change current directory to dn password, then re-enter your new password for verification. If the new password cd pub Changes to subdirectory “pub” is verified, your password will be changed. Many systems age passwords; this cd .. Changes to next higher level directory forces users to change their passwords at predetermined intervals. (previous directory) cd / Changes to the root directory Changing your MS Network Password cd Changes to the users home directory cd /usr/xx Changes to the subdirectory “xx” in the Some servers maintain a second password exclusively for use with Microsoft windows directory “usr” networking, allowing you to mount your home directory as a Network Drive. mkdir dn Makes a new directory named dn Type smbpasswd at the command prompt. Type in your old SMB passwword, rmdir dn Removes the directory dn (the then your new password, then re-enter your new password for verification. -
System Analysis and Tuning Guide System Analysis and Tuning Guide SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP1
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP1 System Analysis and Tuning Guide System Analysis and Tuning Guide SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP1 An administrator's guide for problem detection, resolution and optimization. Find how to inspect and optimize your system by means of monitoring tools and how to eciently manage resources. Also contains an overview of common problems and solutions and of additional help and documentation resources. Publication Date: September 24, 2021 SUSE LLC 1800 South Novell Place Provo, UT 84606 USA https://documentation.suse.com Copyright © 2006– 2021 SUSE LLC and contributors. All rights reserved. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or (at your option) version 1.3; with the Invariant Section being this copyright notice and license. A copy of the license version 1.2 is included in the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License”. For SUSE trademarks, see https://www.suse.com/company/legal/ . All other third-party trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Trademark symbols (®, ™ etc.) denote trademarks of SUSE and its aliates. Asterisks (*) denote third-party trademarks. All information found in this book has been compiled with utmost attention to detail. However, this does not guarantee complete accuracy. Neither SUSE LLC, its aliates, the authors nor the translators shall be held liable for possible errors or the consequences thereof. Contents About This Guide xii 1 Available Documentation xiii