UNIX (Solaris/Linux) Quick Reference Card Logging In Directory Commands At the Login: prompt, enter your username. At the Password: prompt, enter ls Lists files in current directory your system password. Linux is case-sensitive, so enter upper and lower case ls -l Long listing of files letters as required for your username, password and commands. ls -a List all files, including hidden files ls -lat Long listing of all files sorted by last Exiting or Logging Out modification time. ls wcp List all files matching the wildcard Enter logout and press or type -D. pattern Changing your Password ls dn List files in the directory dn tree List files in tree format Type passwd at the command prompt. Type in your old password, then your new cd dn Change current directory to dn password, then re-enter your new password for verification. If the new password cd pub Changes to subdirectory “pub” is verified, your password will be changed. Many systems age passwords; this cd .. Changes to next higher level directory forces users to change their passwords at predetermined intervals. (previous directory) cd / Changes to the root directory Changing your MS Network Password cd Changes to the users home directory cd /usr/xx Changes to the subdirectory “xx” in the Some servers maintain a second password exclusively for use with Microsoft windows directory “usr” networking, allowing you to mount your home directory as a Network Drive. mkdir dn Makes a new directory named dn Type smbpasswd at the command prompt. Type in your old SMB passwword, rmdir dn Removes the directory dn (the then your new password, then re-enter your new password for verification. directory must be empty) Mounting your Home Directory under Windows File Commands Right click My Computer or My Network Places and select Map Network Drive. rm fn Removes (deletes) the file named fn Your share name is of the form: \\servername\username : Example: \\mama\bob rm f1 f2 f3 Removes the files named f1,f2 & f3 rm *.o Deletes all files ending with .o Changing File Access rm -r dn Recursively deletes the directory dn and all files and directories in dn (BE CAREFUL!) chmod sets file access privileges. chmod is followed by a person/action/ cat fn Displays the file named fn attribute flag then the file name. cat f1 f2 Concatenates and displays files f1 & f2 Person Action Attribute cat > fn Writes input from the keyboard into the a all + add r read file name fn. End input with Ctrl-D u user - remove w write more fn Displays file fn, one page at a time. g group = absolute x execute space shows next screen. Exit with “q” o others less fn Like “more”, but “less” is better Examples: cp f1 f2 Copy the file f1 to f2 chmod a+r fn Makes fn readable by everyone cp *.c fn Copy files ending with .c into chmod a+x * Makes everything executable subdirectory dn chmod a-w fn Removes write access for fn cp /x/f1 . Copy file f1 in directory /x to current chmod ug+r fn Read access for user and group directory chmod u+x pro Makes the program pro executable mv f1 f2 Moves (renames) file f1 to f2 chmod a+rx dn Open the directory dn for access by everyone mv * .. Moves all files in the current directory to chmod og-rwx ~ Locks up home directory the previous directory. mv p/* x Moves all files in the directory p to the Text Editors directory x. JOVE Editor VI Editor jove fn Edits the file fn use the JOVE vi fn Edit the file fn using the VI editor I/O Redirection editor x Delete the character under the cursor > file Redirects output to file Ctrl-Z Saves file and quits JOVE dd Delete line ex: ls > output >> file Appends output to file Ctrl-C Quits JOVE without saving i Enter insert mode A Append to line ex: cat f1 >> f2 O Open new line and edit < file Takes input from file :w Writes file ex: gzip < f1 > f2 :wq Write file and quit | Pipes output to next program UNIX :quit! Quits without saving changes ex: ls -la | less Wildcarding Internet Utilities * Matches zero or more of anything ssh addr Encrypted Remote login to another ? Matches any single character server with name addr (of the form [...] Matches any single character enclosed in [username@]hostname) braces scp fn addr: Upload file fn to remote server addr [^...] Matches any single character not enclosed scp addr:fn . Download file fn on server addr to in braces ~/ Expands to users home directory local directory rsync -av src dst Synchronize files at src and dst so ~username/ Expands to usernames’s home directory that they are the same. Use addr: Examples: *.[ch] Matches all files ending with .c or .h path to specify remote machines. [A-Z]* Matches all files beginning with an ex: rsync -av /some/dir bob@mama:dir uppercase letter ncftp addr File Transfer (FTP) to machine addr .* Matches all hidden files sftp addr Like FTP, but securely encrypted X*.o Matches all files beginning with X and links URL Text based WWW client for viewing ending with .o ~/x* Matches all files beginning with x in users web pages at URL home directory talk user Start a two way talk session with user talk user@hostname Start a remote two way talk session Compression and Archival Commands with user on the machine hostname gzip fn Compresses the file fn. Compressed files are renamed Additional Commands with a .gz exetension stty erase backspace Sets the backspace key to erase. gunzip fn.gz Uncompresses the file fn.gz. The Otherwise use delete. .gz extension is removed man cmd Online manual page for command cmd bzip2 fn Better form of compression, files irc Internet Relay Chat (IRC) client renamed with .bz2 extension epic Another IRC client bunzip2 fn Restores files compressed with w Show who is on and what they are bzip2 doing tar -cvf fn.tar dn Stores all the files in directory finger Show finger information for those dn into the file fn.tar which can then be compressed online tar -cvf fn.tar f1 f2 f3... Stores the files f1, f2, f3, etc... finger user Show detailed finger information for into the file fn.tar the user user tar -xvf fn.tar Extracts the files from fn.tar chfn Change your finger information tar -tf fn.tar Lists all the files in fn.tar date Show the date and time cal Print a calendar to the screen FTP Commands du -s dn Show disk usage used in directory open hostname Starts an FTP connection to dn hostname ispell fn Spell check the file fn interactively cd dn Change directory to the directory mail user < mesg Mail to the user user the contents of named dn the file mesg lcd dn Sets local directory (where files are put and got from) pine A graphical terminal based mail ls Short listing of files in directory program dir Long listing of files in directory mutt Like pine, but better. binary Sets binary transfer mode sort fn Sort the lines in the file fn ascii Sets ascii transfer mode ps List all processes you have running get fn Gets the file fn from the remote kill -9 PID Kill the process with the process machine to the local machine number PID put fn Puts the file fn from the local machine alias short command Creates an alias for command to the remote machine called short. To make the alias !cmd Executes the UNIX command cmd permanent, place the alias in your quit Ends the FTP session and exits .cshrc file. ex: alias f finger