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13714-Vladimir Jabotinsky's Story of My Life_Horowitz.indd 2 9/2/15 12:22 PM Story of My Life 13714-Vladimir Jabotinsky's Story of My Life_Horowitz.indd 1 9/2/15 12:22 PM 13714-Vladimir Jabotinsky's Story of My Life_Horowitz.indd 2 9/2/15 12:22 PM vladimir jabotinsky’s Story of My Life EDITED BY Brian Horowitz and Leonid Katsis WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY PRESS DETROIT 13714-Vladimir Jabotinsky's Story of My Life_Horowitz.indd 3 9/2/15 12:22 PM © 2016 by Wayne State University Press, Detroit, Michigan 48201. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced without formal permission. Manufactured in the United States of America. 20 19 18 17 16 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 978-0-8143-4138-4; ISBN 978-0-8143-4139-1 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015934525 Designed by Bryce Schimanski Typeset by Keata Brewer, E.T. Lowe Publishing Co. Composed in Adobe Caslon Pro The author gives special thanks to the Imre Kertész College at the University of Jena and the Frankel Center at the University of Michigan. 13714-Vladimir Jabotinsky's Story of My Life_Horowitz.indd 4 9/2/15 12:22 PM CONTENTS A Note on the Text vii Introduction. Muse and Muscle: Story of My Life and the Invention of Vladimir Jabotinsky 1 Brian Horowitz Story of My Life by Vladimir Jabotinsky 33 My Origins 35 Between Childhood and Youth 41 Bern and Rome 48 Journalist 56 Kishinev 64 The Congress 68 St. Petersburg 72 Wanderer 76 Through the Storms of the Russian “Spring” 79 Helsingfors 88 Elections, Marriage, Vienna 92 Constantinople 95 Crossroads 101 When the Volcano Erupted 107 Lust for a Fight? 112 v 13714-Vladimir Jabotinsky's Story of My Life_Horowitz.indd 5 9/2/15 12:22 PM CONTENTS Around the Front 119 The Jewish Accent 123 Notes 125 Index 157 vi 13714-Vladimir Jabotinsky's Story of My Life_Horowitz.indd 6 9/2/15 12:22 PM A NOTE ON THE TEXT This volume presents the first publication in English of Story of My Life (orig- inally published in Hebrew as Sippur yamai [1936]), one of three major autobi- ographical writings by Vladimir (Ze’ev) Jabotinsky. The other works are Story of the Jewish Legion (originally published in Russian as Slovo o polku: Istoriia evreis- kogo legiona [1928] and The Five (published in Russian as Piatero [1936]), the autobiographical novel that portrays Jabotinsky in the revolutionary year of 1905. The present text of Story of My Life is based on the rough draft of an English translation discovered by Professor Leonid Katsis in the Vladimir Jabotinsky archive of the Jabotinsky Institute in Tel Aviv. We have been unable to identify the original translator. It must be acknowledged at the outset that it is hard to define with full certainty the length of Story of My Life because no canonical text exists, and publications of Sippur yamai in Hebrew and Russian do not correspond exactly to one another. The major problem is that Story of My Life and Story of the Jewish Legion have been published several times in different languages, before and after Jabotinsky’s death.1 Therefore we are unable to say with absolute confidence that one or another text represents the canonical version. We have opted to depart from two variant texts: the first version that appeared in 1936 and the version that appeared after Jabotinsky’s death, in 1946–47, and edited by Eri Jabotinsky in the volume Avtobiografiyah, in Vladimir Jabotinsky’s Ketavim (Collected Works). The reasons motivating our decision are connected with a desire to present the most complete book possible without repeating Story of the Jewish Legion (1928; English translation 1945). We could have adopted the 1936 version, since it is the last text to appear in Jabotinsky’s lifetime, but we feel this version leaves out too much. It ends with the closing of part 1 of the 1946–47 edition: Here ends the first part of the story of my life, because the thread became interrupted on its own; it was a period that had no continuation. If I vii 13714-Vladimir Jabotinsky's Story of My Life_Horowitz.indd 7 9/2/15 12:22 PM A NOTE ON THE TEXT wanted to live, I had to be reborn anew. But I was thirty-four, long past my youth and half into middle age, and I had wasted both. I do not know what I would have done if the whole world had not turned upside down and thrown me into unforeseen paths. Perhaps I would have gone to Eretz Yisrael, perhaps to Rome; maybe I would have created a politi- cal party, but that summer the world war broke out. The 1936 version ends with the chapter “Crossroads” and does not include descriptions of events connected with the outbreak and first years of World War I—events that are treated in short-hand in the first chapter of Story of the Jewish Legion (“Birth of the Legion Idea”). The four additional chapters included here (“When the Volcano Erupted”; “Lust for a Fight?”; “Around the Front”; “The Jewish Accent”) appeared in the 1946–47 version of Story of My Life. These chapters seem to form a coherent part of the text of Story of My Life, and we follow Eri Jabotinsky’s lead in publishing them in this volume. However, it is also important to note that Eri Jabotinsky took several other chapters from Story of the Jewish Legion and placed them under the title Story of My Life. His Hebrew version of Story of the Jewish Legion in Avtobiografiyah begins with the chapter “Between the Barracks and the War Office,” which was published as the fifth chapter in the original Russian and English versions of Story of the Jewish Legion. We do not understand the need to lengthen Story of My Life at the expense of Story of the Jewish Legion, and therefore have rejected adding to our text entire blocks that have already appeared in print in English. It should be noted, however, that in the case of the 1946–47 Hebrew edition, Eri Jabotinsky’s editorial decision had no real consequences for the reader; because Story of the Jewish Legion followed immediately on the heels of Story of My Life, no text was lost. In sum, in our English edition of Story of My Life, we wanted to present a text that was complete yet distinct from Story of the Jewish Legion. Therefore we included the additional materials about World War I that appear in the 1946–47 edition but stopped at the point where Story of the Jewish Legion begins. To that end, the text in this volume concludes with the chapter “The Jewish Accent” (“Ha’dagesh ha’yehudi”). On a different issue, we also note that Jabotinsky’s language choice— Hebrew—is curious. The editors of the 1936 volume underscore this fact, remark- ing that Story of My Life “was written by the author’s hand in Hebrew. The essays that follow were written for the most part in Russian and translated into Hebrew by others.”2 Shlomo Zal’tsman—the publisher of Exile and Assimilation, the 1936 viii 13714-Vladimir Jabotinsky's Story of My Life_Horowitz.indd 8 9/2/15 12:22 PM A NOTE ON THE TEXT book that contains the first version of Story of My Life—makes a mystifying statement about Jabotinsky’s Hebrew: “As is known, the author of this book has a particular approach to Hebrew writing, and for that reason we adapted the translations to correspond with the author’s approach.”3 The editors are referring to Jabotinsky’s theories of Hebrew translation, which he published in 1923.4 Among these is his idea that conveying meaning has primary importance in translation. Jabotinsky also specified that translations should be conveyed in colloquial Hebrew (rather than biblical or literary Hebrew), and should use the Sephardic pronunciation. Additionally, he advised adding letters for vowels (instead of nikkudot), although he did not insist on the practice.5 To emphasize the rigor and accuracy of the Hebrew text, the editors under- scored the participation of Yehoshua Ravnitzky, the well-known Hebrew writer, in preparing the 1936 volume, noting that it was Ravnitzky’s “fate to be Z. Jabotinsky’s first teacher of Hebrew, and he now helped us with useful and trustworthy advice in Hebrew in the first edition of Ze’ev Jabotinsky’s selected works.”6 As we have mentioned, the English text that appears here was found in the Jabotinsky archive located in the Jabotinsky Institute in Tel Aviv. It is hard for us to say when the translation was made or whether there were plans to publish this translation. Additionally, the identity of the translator is a mystery. Was it Samuel Katz, the translator of Story of the Jewish Legion and later Jabotinsky’s biographer? Or was it someone else whose identity is hidden? At this point we do not know. The editors here can only speculate that, although the translator had an excellent command of English, English was likely not his native lan- guage, due to certain nonidiomatic usages. Unable to resolve these mysteries at this time, we prefer to turn to Ze’ev Jabotinsky, Vladimir Jabotinsky’s grandson, with gratitude. Mr. Jabotinsky has given us the opportunity to make this text available to the English-speaking reader. ix 13714-Vladimir Jabotinsky's Story of My Life_Horowitz.indd 9 9/2/15 12:22 PM 13714-Vladimir Jabotinsky's Story of My Life_Horowitz.indd 10 9/2/15 12:22 PM INTROducTION Muse and Muscle Story of My Life and the Invention of Vladimir Jabotinsky Brian HOROWITZ Vladimir Jabotinsky’s autobiography, Story of My Life (1936), was written with a political purpose: to provide the reader with a portrait of a charismatic leader who has acquired his right to lead by virtue of his biography—his family, spiri- tual origins, and practical experiences.1 In the book Jabotinsky describes his per- sonal development during his childhood and early adult years in Odessa, Rome, St.