DOCSLIB.ORG

The Sabbath and Jubilee Cycle

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Sabbath and Jubilee Cycle The Sabbath and Jubilee Cycle The Sabbath and Jubilee Cycle Volume One of the Series on Ancient World Chronology A Historical Study by Qadesh La Yahweh Press Second Edition 1995 Copyright © 1992 by Qadesh La Yahweh Press All rights reserved Published by Qadesh La Yahweh Press P.O. Box 5705 Garden Grove, Ca. 92645 Printed in the United States of America First Edition 1992 Second Edition 1995 No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner without written permission except in the case of brief quotations. THIS BOOK IS NOT TO BE SOLD. Obtain the truth and do not sell wisdom, instruction, and understanding. (Proverbs, 23:23) Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 91-066737 ISBN: 0-9623638-8-X Editorial Staff C. Runfola D. Tollefson S. Guevarra D. Deal P. Carey Researched and written by R. Clover Contents NOTE TO READER ............................................................................ xv Preliminary Discussion LEVITICUS, 25:1–13........................................................................... 3 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................. 5 I. FLAWS IN THE SYSTEM “B” RECONSTRUCTION ....................... 9 Other Views ..................................................................................... 10 An Error in Chronology ................................................................. 10 Other Factors .................................................................................... 13 Conclusion ........................................................................................ 16 II. THE TISHRI 1 NEW YEAR QUESTION ........................................ 19 The Seventh Month and the Jubilee ............................................. 19 The Tishri Year ................................................................................ 21 The Transition to the Tishri Year ................................................. 23 Conclusion ....................................................................................... 26 SECTION I The Pre-Exile Period III. EVENTS IN HEZEKIAH’S REIGN Part I of the Sabbath and Jubilee of 701/700 and 700/699 B.C.E. ......................................................... 29 The Order of Events ....................................................................... 29 The Sabbath Year in Hezekiah’s Reign ....................................... 31 The Length of the Conflict ............................................................. 32 The Illness of Hezekiah .................................................................. 34 The Assyrian Army Was Destroyed Near the Beginning of the Year ................................................. 36 Conclusion ....................................................................................... 38 IV. THE ASSYRIAN VERSION Part II of the Sabbath and Jubilee of 701/700 and 700/699 B.C.E. ......................................................... 39 Dating the Third Campaign ......................................................... 39 vii viii Contents The Length of Sennacherib’s Third Campaign .......................... 43 Addressing the Opposing View ................................................... 45 Conclusion ....................................................................................... 46 V. ONE OR TWO INVASIONS? Part III of the Sabbath and Jubilee of 701/700 and 700/699 B.C.E. ......................................................... 51 The Siege of Lachish ....................................................................... 51 Hezekiah’s Illness ........................................................................... 53 Josephus and the Seder Olam ....................................................... 55 The Assyrian Records Reflect a Defeat ........................................ 56 Conclusion ....................................................................................... 59 VI. DEFECTS IN THE SECOND INVASION HYPOTHESIS Part IV of the Sabbath and Jubilee of 701/700 and 700/699 B.C.E. ......................................................... 61 Why the Two-Invasion View? ...................................................... 61 The Lack of Evidence ..................................................................... 62 Propaganda in the Assyrian Records .......................................... 64 Why Not Invade Egypt?................................................................. 67 Conclusion ....................................................................................... 71 VII. SUPPORTIVE ARGUMENTS FOR TWO INVASIONS Part V of the Sabbath and Jubilee of 701/700 and 700/699 B.C.E. ......................................................... 73 The Arab Campaign ....................................................................... 73 Herodotus ........................................................................................ 75 Tribute to Nineveh ........................................................................ 77 The Number of Assyrian Dead .................................................... 78 The Death of Sennacherib ............................................................. 81 The Spelling of Hezekiah .............................................................. 82 Conclusion ....................................................................................... 84 VIII. TIRHAKAH Part VI of the Sabbath and Jubilee of 701/700 and 700/699 B.C.E. ......................................................... 85 One Tirhakah? ................................................................................. 86 Khu-Re’ Nefertem Tirhakah ......................................................... 87 A Confederation of Kings ............................................................. 91 The Issue of Name .......................................................................... 97 Conclusion ....................................................................................... 98 IX. THE IDENTITY OF TIRHAKAH Part VII of the Sabbath and Jubilee of 701/700 and 700/699 B.C.E. ....................................................... 105 Tsawi Tirhakah ............................................................................ 105 Bifurcated Dynasty ...................................................................... 106 Contents ix Different Realms .......................................................................... 108 Different Kings ............................................................................. 112 The Empire of Tsawi Tirhakah .................................................. 114 Tirhakah Piankhi ........................................................................ 118 Conclusion .................................................................................... 120 X. THE ISSUES OF CHRONOLOGY Part VIII of the Sabbath and Jubilee of 701/700 and 700/699 B.C.E. ....................................................... 121 Background for the Parallel Stories ........................................... 121 The Invasion of Western Asia ..................................................... 123 The Egyptian Counterattack ....................................................... 125 The Invasion of Egypt .................................................................. 125 The Retreat .................................................................................... 126 Remaining Questions and Issues ............................................... 127 Conclusion ..................................................................................... 132 SECTION II The Post-Exile Period XI. THE SABBATH YEAR OF 456/455 B.C.E. ............................... 159 The Versions of Josephus and 1 Esdras ..................................... 160 Ezra’s Version ............................................................................... 161 Nehemiah’s Version ..................................................................... 162 The Reckoning of Ezra ................................................................. 163 The Reckoning of Nehemiah ...................................................... 164 The Reckoning of Josephus ......................................................... 167 The Opposing Views .................................................................... 167 Conclusion ..................................................................................... 168 XII. THE SELEUCID ERA IN JUDAEA Part I of the Sabbath Year of 162/161 B.C.E. ............................... 169 The Seleucid Era Used in Judaea ............................................... 169 The Year Begins with Abib (Nisan) ........................................... 171 The Two Books of Maccabees ..................................................... 171 The Book of Josephus ................................................................... 174 Did They Count from Nisan, 312 B.C.E.? .................................. 177 Conclusion ..................................................................................... 178 XIII. THE SIEGE OF BETHZURA AND JERUSALEM Part II of the Sabbath Year of 162/161 B.C.E. ............................. 181 The Sources in Harmony ............................................................. 182 The Siege during the Sabbath Year ............................................ 186 Conclusion ..................................................................................... 189 x Contents XIV. THE SABBATH YEAR OF 134/133 B.C.E. ................................ 205 The
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Palestine (5A3ette
    XLbe Palestine (5a3ette Ipubltebeb b^ Hutbority No. 632 THURSDAY, 24TH SEPTEMBER, 1936 949 CONTENTS Page BILL PUBLISHED FOR INFORMATION ־ Pensions (Palestine Gendarmerie) Ordinance, 1936 - - 951 ORDINANCES CONFIRMED ־ - ־ Confirmation of Ordinances Nos. 44 and 57 of 1936 953 GOVERNMENT NOTICES Appointments, etc. - 953 Obituary ------ 954 Sittings of Court of Criminal Assize - 954 Sale of State Domain in Tiberias - - - - 955 Augmented Air Mail Service to Iraq, Iran and Iranian Gulf Ports - - 955 Tender and Adjudication of Contract - 956 Citation Orders - - - - - 956 Bankruptcy 957 EETURNS Quarantine and Infectious Diseases Summary - 95V Financial Statement at the 31st May, 1936 - - - - 958 Statement of Assets and Liabilities at the 31st May, 1936 - - - 960 Persons entering and leaving Palestine during August, 1936 - - 962 Persons changing their Names - 964 REGISTRATION OF CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES, COMPANIES, PARTNERSHIPS, ETC. - 965 CORRIGENDA - - - - .958 SUPPLEMENT No. 2. The following subsidiary legislation is published in Supplement No. 2 which forms part of this Gazette:— Court Fees (Amendment) Rules, 1936, under the Courts Ordinances, 1924-1935, and the ־ - - Magistrates' Courts Jurisdiction Ordinance, 1935 1119 Tariffs for the Transport of Goods under the Government Railways Ordinance, 1936 1120 {Continued) PRICE 30 MILS. CONTENTS {Continued) Page Curfew Order in respect of certain Areas within the Jerusalem District, under the ׳ Emergency Regulations, 1936 - - - 1122 Curfew Orders in respect of the Railway Formations in the Northern District, under the Emergency Regulations, 1936 . 1123 Curfew Orders in respect of the Town Planning Area of Nablus, Jenin—Deir-Sharaf— Tulkarm—Qalqilia Road, Nablus—Jerusalem Road and Municipal Areas of Acre, Jenin and Tulkarm, under the Emergency Regulations, 1936 - 1124 Rules under the Forests Ordinance, 1926, regarding the Forest Ranger at Zikhron Ya'aqov ------ !127 Notice under the Customs Ordinance, 1929, approving a General Bonded Warehouse ־ at the Levant Fair Grounds, Tel Aviv 1127 Order No.
    [Show full text]
  • Cow Statues” in Private Tombs of Dynasty 26
    “COW STATUES” IN PRIVATE TOMBS OF DYNASTY 26 Elena Pischikova Metropolitan Museum of Art I am honored to dedicate this piece of research to Stylistically it belongs to late 26th Dynasty, prob- Richard Fazzini, one of the leading archaeologists ably the time of Amasis.2 The cow statue in the and scholars in contemporary Egyptology. His tomb of Basa (TT 389) in Asasif is still recog- work on the religion, iconography, and style of nizable, although badly damaged.3 Two partially art of the Third Intermediate and Late Periods preserved statues in the Cairo Museum can be is an encyclopedic body of knowledge and a dated to the same period. The statue inscribed continuous source of inspiration for scholars of for Padisematawy shows a body of a striding cow the first millennium BCE. and remains of feet that suggest a kneeling fig- The present paper is an attempt to catalogue ure under her head.4 The body of the cow was and interpret a type of private sculpture that recently reunited with the head identified in a remains underestimated as a component of 26th private collection in Paris.5 The statue was found Dynasty tomb decoration. It is called a “cow at Kom Abu-Yasin, a cemetery near Horbeit in statue” throughout the article and refers to a the eastern Delta.6 If Padisematawy, who com- sculptural image of Hathor as a cow with a figure missioned the statue, is the general who served of a king or a private individual standing under Psamtik II, the statue may be considered to be se- her chin, with an occasional addition of an image curely dated.7 The second cow statue in the Cairo of the same person as an infant suckling from her Museum is headless and uninscribed.8 Recently, udder.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Perspective on the Early Roman Dictatorship, 501-300 B.C
    A NEW PERSPECTIVE ON THE EARLY ROMAN DICTATORSHIP, 501-300 B.C. BY Jeffrey A. Easton Submitted to the graduate degree program in Classics and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master’s of Arts. Anthony Corbeill Chairperson Committee Members Tara Welch Carolyn Nelson Date defended: April 26, 2010 The Thesis Committee for Jeffrey A. Easton certifies that this is the approved Version of the following thesis: A NEW PERSPECTIVE ON THE EARLY ROMAN DICTATORSHIP, 501-300 B.C. Committee: Anthony Corbeill Chairperson Tara Welch Carolyn Nelson Date approved: April 27, 2010 ii Page left intentionally blank. iii ABSTRACT According to sources writing during the late Republic, Roman dictators exercised supreme authority over all other magistrates in the Roman polity for the duration of their term. Modern scholars have followed this traditional paradigm. A close reading of narratives describing early dictatorships and an analysis of ancient epigraphic evidence, however, reveal inconsistencies in the traditional model. The purpose of this thesis is to introduce a new model of the early Roman dictatorship that is based upon a reexamination of the evidence for the nature of dictatorial imperium and the relationship between consuls and dictators in the period 501-300 BC. Originally, dictators functioned as ad hoc magistrates, were equipped with standard consular imperium, and, above all, were intended to supplement consuls. Furthermore, I demonstrate that Sulla’s dictatorship, a new and genuinely absolute form of the office introduced in the 80s BC, inspired subsequent late Republican perceptions of an autocratic dictatorship.
    [Show full text]
  • Reading G Uide
    1 Reading Guide Introduction Pharaonic Lives (most items are on map on page 10) Bodies of Water Major Regions Royal Cities Gulf of Suez Faiyum Oasis Akhetaten Sea The Levant Alexandria Nile River Libya Avaris Nile cataracts* Lower Egypt Giza Nile Delta Nubia Herakleopolis Magna Red Sea Palestine Hierakonpolis Punt Kerma *Cataracts shown as lines Sinai Memphis across Nile River Syria Sais Upper Egypt Tanis Thebes 2 Chapter 1 Pharaonic Kingship: Evolution & Ideology Myths Time Periods Significant Artifacts Predynastic Origins of Kingship: Naqada Naqada I The Narmer Palette Period Naqada II The Scorpion Macehead Writing History of Maqada III Pharaohs Old Kingdom Significant Buildings Ideology & Insignia of Middle Kingdom Kingship New Kingdom Tombs at Abydos King’s Divinity Mythology Royal Insignia Royal Names & Titles The Book of the Heavenly Atef Crown The Birth Name Cow Blue Crown (Khepresh) The Golden Horus Name The Contending of Horus Diadem (Seshed) The Horus Name & Seth Double Crown (Pa- The Nesu-Bity Name Death & Resurrection of Sekhemty) The Two Ladies Name Osiris Nemes Headdress Red Crown (Desheret) Hem Deities White Crown (Hedjet) Per-aa (The Great House) The Son of Re Horus Bull’s tail Isis Crook Osiris False beard Maat Flail Nut Rearing cobra (uraeus) Re Seth Vocabulary Divine Forces demi-god heka (divine magic) Good God (netjer netjer) hu (divine utterance) Great God (netjer aa) isfet (chaos) ka-spirit (divine energy) maat (divine order) Other Topics Ramesses II making sia (Divine knowledge) an offering to Ra Kings’ power
    [Show full text]
  • A Short History of Egypt – to About 1970
    A Short History of Egypt – to about 1970 Foreword................................................................................................... 2 Chapter 1. Pre-Dynastic Times : Upper and Lower Egypt: The Unification. .. 3 Chapter 2. Chronology of the First Twelve Dynasties. ............................... 5 Chapter 3. The First and Second Dynasties (Archaic Egypt) ....................... 6 Chapter 4. The Third to the Sixth Dynasties (The Old Kingdom): The "Pyramid Age"..................................................................... 8 Chapter 5. The First Intermediate Period (Seventh to Tenth Dynasties)......10 Chapter 6. The Eleventh and Twelfth Dynasties (The Middle Kingdom).......11 Chapter 7. The Second Intermediate Period (about I780-1561 B.C.): The Hyksos. .............................................................................12 Chapter 8. The "New Kingdom" or "Empire" : Eighteenth to Twentieth Dynasties (c.1567-1085 B.C.)...............................................13 Chapter 9. The Decline of the Empire. ...................................................15 Chapter 10. Persian Rule (525-332 B.C.): Conquest by Alexander the Great. 17 Chapter 11. The Early Ptolemies: Alexandria. ...........................................18 Chapter 12. The Later Ptolemies: The Advent of Rome. .............................20 Chapter 13. Cleopatra...........................................................................21 Chapter 14. Egypt under the Roman, and then Byzantine, Empire: Christianity: The Coptic Church.............................................23
    [Show full text]
  • Sphinx Sphinx
    SPHINX SPHINX History of a Monument CHRISTIANE ZIVIE-COCHE translated from the French by DAVID LORTON Cornell University Press Ithaca & London Original French edition, Sphinx! Le Pen la Terreur: Histoire d'une Statue, copyright © 1997 by Editions Noesis, Paris. All Rights Reserved. English translation copyright © 2002 by Cornell University All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher. For information, address Cornell University Press, Sage House, 512 East State Street, Ithaca, New York 14850. First published 2002 by Cornell University Press Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Zivie-Coche, Christiane. Sphinx : history of a moument / Christiane Zivie-Coche ; translated from the French By David Lorton. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8014-3962-0 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Great Sphinx (Egypt)—History. I.Tide. DT62.S7 Z58 2002 932—dc2i 2002005494 Cornell University Press strives to use environmentally responsible suppliers and materials to the fullest extent possible in the publishing of its books. Such materi­ als include vegetable-based, low-VOC inks and acid-free papers that are recycled, totally chlorine-free, or partly composed of nonwood fibers. For further informa­ tion, visit our website at www.cornellpress.cornell.edu. Cloth printing 10 987654321 TO YOU PIEDRA en la piedra, el hombre, donde estuvo? —Canto general, Pablo Neruda Contents Acknowledgments ix Translator's Note xi Chronology xiii Introduction I 1. Sphinx—Sphinxes 4 The Hybrid Nature of the Sphinx The Word Sphinx 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Palestine About the Author
    PALESTINE ABOUT THE AUTHOR Professor Nur Masalha is a Palestinian historian and a member of the Centre for Palestine Studies, SOAS, University of London. He is also editor of the Journal of Holy Land and Palestine Studies. His books include Expulsion of the Palestinians (1992); A Land Without a People (1997); The Politics of Denial (2003); The Bible and Zionism (Zed 2007) and The Pales- tine Nakba (Zed 2012). PALESTINE A FOUR THOUSAND YEAR HISTORY NUR MASALHA Palestine: A Four Thousand Year History was first published in 2018 by Zed Books Ltd, The Foundry, 17 Oval Way, London SE11 5RR, UK. www.zedbooks.net Copyright © Nur Masalha 2018. The right of Nur Masalha to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988. Typeset in Adobe Garamond Pro by seagulls.net Index by Nur Masalha Cover design © De Agostini Picture Library/Getty All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of Zed Books Ltd. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 978‑1‑78699‑272‑7 hb ISBN 978‑1‑78699‑274‑1 pdf ISBN 978‑1‑78699‑275‑8 epub ISBN 978‑1‑78699‑276‑5 mobi CONTENTS Acknowledgments vii Introduction 1 1. The Philistines and Philistia as a distinct geo‑political entity: 55 Late Bronze Age to 500 BC 2. The conception of Palestine in Classical Antiquity and 71 during the Hellenistic Empires (500‒135 BC) 3.
    [Show full text]
  • The Military Reforms of Gaius Marius in Their Social, Economic, and Political Context by Michael C. Gambino August, 2015 Directo
    The Military Reforms of Gaius Marius in their Social, Economic, and Political Context By Michael C. Gambino August, 2015 Director of Thesis: Dr. Frank Romer Major Department: History Abstract The goal of this thesis is, as the title affirms, to understand the military reforms of Gaius Marius in their broader societal context. In this thesis, after a brief introduction (Chap. I), Chap. II analyzes the Roman manipular army, its formation, policies, and armament. Chapter III examines Roman society, politics, and economics during the second century B.C.E., with emphasis on the concentration of power and wealth, the legislative programs of Ti. And C. Gracchus, and the Italian allies’ growing demand for citizenship. Chap. IV discusses Roman military expansion from the Second Punic War down to 100 B.C.E., focusing on Roman military and foreign policy blunders, missteps, and mistakes in Celtiberian Spain, along with Rome’s servile wars and the problem of the Cimbri and Teutones. Chap. V then contextualizes the life of Gaius Marius and his sense of military strategy, while Chap VI assesses Marius’s military reforms in his lifetime and their immediate aftermath in the time of Sulla. There are four appendices on the ancient literary sources (App. I), Marian consequences in the Late Republic (App. II), the significance of the legionary eagle standard as shown during the early principate (App. III), and a listing of the consular Caecilii Metelli in the second and early first centuries B.C.E. (App. IV). The Marian military reforms changed the army from a semi-professional citizen militia into a more professionalized army made up of extensively trained recruits who served for longer consecutive terms and were personally bound to their commanders.
    [Show full text]
  • Kush Under the Twenty-Fifth Dynasty (C. 760-656 Bc)
    CHAPTER FOUR KUSH UNDER THE TWENTY-FIFTH DYNASTY (C. 760-656 BC) "(And from that time on) the southerners have been sailing northwards, the northerners southwards, to the place where His Majesty is, with every good thing of South-land and every kind of provision of North-land." 1 1. THE SOURCES 1.1. Textual evidence The names of Alara's (see Ch. 111.4.1) successor on the throne of the united kingdom of Kush, Kashta, and of Alara's and Kashta's descen­ dants (cf. Appendix) Piye,2 Shabaqo, Shebitqo, Taharqo,3 and Tan­ wetamani are recorded in Ancient History as kings of Egypt and the c. one century of their reign in Egypt is referred to as the period of the Twenty-Fifth Dynasty.4 While the political and cultural history of Kush 1 DS ofTanwetamani, lines 4lf. (c. 664 BC), FHNI No. 29, trans!. R.H. Pierce. 2 In earlier literature: Piankhy; occasionally: Py. For the reading of the Kushite name as Piye: Priese 1968 24f. The name written as Pyl: W. Spiegelberg: Aus der Geschichte vom Zauberer Ne-nefer-ke-Sokar, Demotischer Papyrus Berlin 13640. in: Studies Presented to F.Ll. Griffith. London 1932 I 71-180 (Ptolemaic). 3 In this book the writing of the names Shabaqo, Shebitqo, and Taharqo (instead of the conventional Shabaka, Shebitku, Taharka/Taharqa) follows the theoretical recon­ struction of the Kushite name forms, cf. Priese 1978. 4 The Dynasty may also be termed "Nubian", "Ethiopian", or "Kushite". O'Connor 1983 184; Kitchen 1986 Table 4 counts to the Dynasty the rulers from Alara to Tanwetamani.
    [Show full text]
  • Trauma and the Palestinian Nakba
    Trauma and the Palestinian Nakba Submitted by Nicholas Peddle to the University of Exeter as a dissertation for the degree of MA Middle East and Islamic Studies September 2015 1 I certify that all material in this dissertation which is not my own work has been identified and that no material has previously been submitted and approved for the award of a degree by this or any other University. 2 Abstract This dissertation investigates the traumatic consequences of the Palestinian Nakba based upon six interviews conducted with Palestinians living within Israel during the summer of 2015. It is the use of a psychoanalytic theory of transgenerational transmission of trauma which describes the effects of trauma on an individual witness and the percussive effects on their children and their children’s children. The focus of this work is studying the path which trauma, from its inception in the events of the Nakba, weaves through the lives of Palestinians and the subsequent effect on their interactions with the external world. My research on such a phenomenon was motivated by an understanding of the psychological concepts and a deep interest in the persistent crisis facing the Palestinian people. The work is guided by various research questions; what impact has trauma had on the lives of those who experienced the Nakba? Can psychoanalytic concepts enable a deeper understanding of their suffering? Does such a suffering still exert an influence over the lives of contemporary Palestinians and exactly how and to what effect are these influences felt? The Palestinian Nakba occupies a powerful position in many fields, politics, anthropology, literature, memory work, but is almost totally absent from trauma study.
    [Show full text]
  • Calendar of Roman Events
    Introduction Steve Worboys and I began this calendar in 1980 or 1981 when we discovered that the exact dates of many events survive from Roman antiquity, the most famous being the ides of March murder of Caesar. Flipping through a few books on Roman history revealed a handful of dates, and we believed that to fill every day of the year would certainly be impossible. From 1981 until 1989 I kept the calendar, adding dates as I ran across them. In 1989 I typed the list into the computer and we began again to plunder books and journals for dates, this time recording sources. Since then I have worked and reworked the Calendar, revising old entries and adding many, many more. The Roman Calendar The calendar was reformed twice, once by Caesar in 46 BC and later by Augustus in 8 BC. Each of these reforms is described in A. K. Michels’ book The Calendar of the Roman Republic. In an ordinary pre-Julian year, the number of days in each month was as follows: 29 January 31 May 29 September 28 February 29 June 31 October 31 March 31 Quintilis (July) 29 November 29 April 29 Sextilis (August) 29 December. The Romans did not number the days of the months consecutively. They reckoned backwards from three fixed points: The kalends, the nones, and the ides. The kalends is the first day of the month. For months with 31 days the nones fall on the 7th and the ides the 15th. For other months the nones fall on the 5th and the ides on the 13th.
    [Show full text]
  • The Emergence of Archival Records at Rome in the Fourth Century BCE
    Foundations of History: The Emergence of Archival Records at Rome in the Fourth Century BCE by Zachary B. Hallock A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Greek and Roman History) in the University of Michigan 2018 Doctoral Committee: Professor David Potter, Chair Associate Professor Benjamin Fortson Assistant Professor Brendan Haug Professor Nicola Terrenato Zachary B. Hallock [email protected] ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0337-0181 © 2018 by Zachary B. Hallock To my parents for their endless love and support ii Acknowledgements I would like to thank Rackham Graduate School and the Departments of Classics and History for providing me with the resources and support that made my time as a graduate student comfortable and enjoyable. I would also like to express my gratitude to the professors of these departments who made themselves and their expertise abundantly available. Their mentoring and guidance proved invaluable and have shaped my approach to solving the problems of the past. I am an immensely better thinker and teacher through their efforts. I would also like to express my appreciation to my committee, whose diligence and attention made this project possible. I will be forever in their debt for the time they committed to reading and discussing my work. I would particularly like to thank my chair, David Potter, who has acted as a mentor and guide throughout my time at Michigan and has had the greatest role in making me the scholar that I am today. Finally, I would like to thank my wife, Andrea, who has been and will always be my greatest interlocutor.
    [Show full text]