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Home , Chattampi Swamikal, Jnanpith Award, Kayar, Kovilan, Malabar District, Malayalam novel

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Fill in the Blanks 13. The highest rainfall in Kerala 26. Era began in ...... is at ...... 27...... was the capital of Venad 1. The first Hydro-electric 14. The first newspaper in Kerala Kingdom. project of Kerala is ...... is ...... 28. The first Jewish Synagogue 2. The river mentioned in 15. The most scientific and the in was set up in ...... in Kautilya’s Arthasasthra is most elaborately redefined 1350. dance form of Kerala is ...... 29. The first Mamankom was 3. The founder of the Second 16. The ‘Wagon Tragedy’ in held in ...... Malabar was in the year ...... Chera Empire was ...... 30. landed with 17. The Srimoolam Prajasabha 4. The author of “Avantisun- his companies at , was established in Travan- dari Kathasara” is ...... north of Calicut, on ...... core in ...... 5. The most important event in 31...... was the first portuguese the history of the Kerala 18. ‘Battle of Kulachal’ was fought in the year ...... in Kerala. Church in the Portuguese 32...... was the capital of period was ...... 19. Proclamation was issued by Velu Thampi in the Kulashekharas. 6. The ancient plant encyclo- year ...... 33. The emperor of Kulasekhara paedia ‘Hortus Malabaricus’ Kingdom was known as ...... was written by the ...... 20. The first private hydro- electric power project is 34...... written by clement 7. The integration of situated at ...... piyannus , which was and Cochin took place in the year ...... 21. The only Malayalee President published in 1772, was the of the Indian National first book in . 8. The first Malayalam Congress was ...... dictionary was compiled by 35. Dutch East Company ...... 22. was introduced was established in ...... in India by St. Thomas 9. The ”Augustan Age of Kerala 36...... made primary educa- who first came to Kerala in tion compulsory in Travan- Music” was during the period ...... of ...... core in 1817. 23...... spread religion in 37. Velu Thampi Dalawa, who 10. The famous Temple Entry Kerala in A.D. 644 proclamation was issued by proclaimed, ‘Kundara Procla- 24...... was the great Hindu ...... mation’ in the year 1809, philosopher who was committed suicide at ...... 11. The last district formed in responsible for the revival of Kerala was ...... in India. 38. Malabar district became a province of Madras presid- 12. Edakkal caves is in ...... 25...... was the only Muslim ency in ...... district. Kingdom in Kerala.

1 9 3 39. Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee (KPCC) was formed in ...... 40. The first general election in Rev. Dr. Hermann Gundert was a German Travancore was held in ...... missionary and scholar, who compiled a book, Malayala- 41. The inscription which bhaasha Vyakaranam (1868), the first throws light on the earliest Malayalam-English dictionary (1872), and reference to the Devadasis in translated the Bible into Malayalam. He Kerala is ...... worked primarily on the , in 42. Salt Satyagraha was started Kerala, India. in Kerala from ...... Hermann Gundert obtained a doctoral Answers to fill in the blanks degree in philology. In Kerala, he took a 1. Pallivasal deep interest in the local culture and the Malayalam language, 2. Churni (Periyar) attempting a systematic grammar of the language. This was one of 3. Kulasekhara Alwar the prominent non--based approaches to Indian grammar. Gundert is held in high regard to this day among linguistic experts 4. Dandin in Kerala for the high scholastic aptitude exhibited in his work. He 5. Synod of Diamper (Udayam- published two Malayalam journals, of which Rajya Samacharam perur) is considered to be the first newspaper in Kerala. 6. Dutch Though Gundert came to Kerala as a missionary, he is remembered 7. 1949, July I today mainly for his literary contributions. In 8. Herman Gundert (Tellicherry), people have honoured him by a statue in the city. 9. Swathi Thirunal He was the grandfather of Hermann Hesse, German novelist and recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature. There is a bungalow in 10. Sree Chithira Thirunal Thalassery where he used to stay at times when he used to be there Balarama Varma where now the NTTF is situated 11. Kasargode (1984), 12. Wayanad 30. May 20, 1498 2. Who was the first Malayalam 13. Lakkidi, Wayanad 31. De Almeida, writer to win the first ‘Joshwa Foundation Literary Award’? 14. Rajya Samacharam 32. Mahodayapuram 3. Whose pen name is ‘Kakka- 15. Kathakali 33. Perumal nadan’? 16. 1921 34. Samkshepa Vedartham 4. Name the patriot who started 17. 1904 35. 1592 the newspaper ‘Swadesha- 18. 1741 36. Gauri Parvathi Bai bhimani’ in 1905. 19. 1809 37. Mannadi 5. Who introduced public 20. Maniyar 38. 1800 transport system in Travan- core? 21. C. Sankaran 39. 1920 6. Who is the author of the 22. AD. 52 40. 1948 23. Malik Dinar , ‘Enippa- 41. Chokkur inscription dikal’? 24. Shankaracharya (AD 788- 42. 820) 7. Name the novel which secured S.K. Pottakad, the 25. Arakkal Kingdom One Word Questions . 26. AD 825 (August 15/Chingam1) 8. Who directed the Film 1. Where was Adi Sankara- 27. Kollam ‘Vasthuhara’? charya born and what did he 28. Kodungalloor preach? 9. Which is the largest irrigation 29. 829 AD project in Kerala?

1 9 4 10. According to 2001 census 28. Who wrote Tirukkural? 48. Who is the second Chief which district in Kerala has 29. When was Kozhikode city Minister of Kerala? the highest density of established? 49. Who was the first Congress population? 30. Who wrote Tuhafat - Ul - Chief Minister of Kerala? 11. Who is known as 'Kerala Mujahiddin? 50. Who was the first speaker of Kalidasan'? 31. When and where did Vasco the Kerala Assembly? 12. Which district in Kerala da Gama die? 51. Name 5 corporations of produces most rice? 32. Name the ships in which Kerala? 13. Who wrote the novel Vasco da Gama undertook 52. Who is the single member ? his voyage? ombudsman for Local Self 14. The work Thottangal fetched 33. Name the battle which Government in Kerala? Muttathu Varkey Literature shattered the hope of the 53. In Kerala Assembly, how Award. Who is the author of Dutch to establish their many reservation seats are the work? political power in India? there for scheduled castes? 15. Which day is celebrated as 34. What is the importance of 54. Which is the Kerala’s only ‘ day’? 1831 in the history of export processing zone 16. Who was the Diwan of Travancore? (EPZ)? Travancore during the 35. Who was known as the 55. Name the first ship built in Punnapra - Vayalar agita- ‘Kerala Simham’? cochin shipyard? tion? 36. Who abolished slave trade in Answers 17. What is Laurie Baker’s chief travancore in 1812? 1. Kaladi, Advaita, contribution? 37. Who shifted the capital from 18. Who composed the popular Padmanabhapuram to Thiru- 2. O.N.V. Kurup devotional song ‘Bhaja vananthapuram? 3. George Varghese Govindam’? 38. Who introduced a scheme for 4. Vakkom Abdul Khadar 19. Who was the author of the the development of Vizhin- Maulavi famous lullaby Omanat- jam Port? 5. Sri Chithira Thirunal Balara- hinkal Kidavo? 39. Who was popularly known ma Varma 20. In which book does as the ‘Jhansi of Travancore’? 6. Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai, ‘Perinjakkodan’ appear? 40. During whose reign General 7. Oru Deshathinte Katha 21. Who was the head of the Hospital Thiruvanantha- 8. G. Aravindan navy force of ? puram was established (in 9. Kallada 22. Which is the first polio free 1864)? district in India? 41. Who published the monthly 10. 23. Who compiled the first ‘A1-Essam’? 11. Kerala Varma Valiakoyi Malayalam dictionary? 42. Who founded Sahodara thampuran 24. Which was the first Samajam? 12. authoritative work in 43. Who was elected as the first 13. Ramakrishnan, Malayalam grammar? Chief Minister of Travancore? 14. 25. Whose period is referred to as 44. When was the first railway line 15. September 2 the ‘Golden Era of Travancore’? in Kerala opened for traffic? 16. C.P. Ramaswamy Iyyer 26. Which award is given for the 45. Which is the first baby life long contribution to friendly state in India? 17. Low cost and environment friendly housing Malayalam language and 46. Which is the 6th Medical literature? College in Kerala? 18. Shankaracharya 27. Who introduced coconut 47. Name the first Chief Minister 19. Irayimman Thampi cultivation commercially in of Kerala who completed one 20. C.V. Raman Pillai’s Rama India? full term? Raja Bahadur

1 9 5 21. 22. Pathanamthitta Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai 23. Herman Gundert Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai (17 April 1912 - 10 April 1999) was a 24. Kerala Panineeyam novelist and short story writer of Malayalam. He is popularly known 25. Swathi Thirunal as Thakazhi, after his place of birth. He focused on the oppressed 26. classes as the subject of his works, which are known for their 27. Portuguese attention to historic detail. He has written several novels and over 28. 600 short stories. His most famous works are (Coir, 1978) and (Prawns, 1956; film adaptation, 1965). He was awarded 29. 1295 the Indian government’s highest literary award, the Jnanpith in 30. Shaik Zainuddin 1984. 31. On December 24, 1524 at His novels and short stories basically discussed various aspects of Cochin societies in Kerala in the mid-20th century. His novel Thottiyude 32. The Berrio, the saint Gabriel Makan (Scavenger’s Son, 1947) is considered a pioneer work in & the saint Raphael Malayalam realistic novel. It is about modernity challenging the 33. Battle of Kulachal rationale of the caste system, that one’s profession should depend 34. The first census was on pedigree. conducted in Travancore His love epic Chemmeen (Prawns, 1956) which was a departure 35. from his earlier line of realism, met with immense popularity. It tells 36. Rani Lakshmi Bai a tragic love story set in the backdrop of a fishing village in Alappuzha. Despite the popularity of Chemmeen, his novel Kayar 37. Rama Varma (Coir, 1978) is quite widely considered as his masterpiece. 38. Dalava Ummini Thampi 39. Accamma Cheriyan level of proficiency in such 40. Ayilyam Thirunal Short Notes languages as Malayalam, 41. Abdul Khader Maulavi Sanskrit and Tamil by his 1. Chattampi Swamikal 42. K. Ayyappan own efforts. In his late 2. Temple Entry Proclamation 43. Pattom Thanupillai twenties, Swamikal plunged 3. Reign of himself into social and 44. On March 12, 1861 (Between 4. Battle of Kulachal (1741) religious activities aimed at and ), the eradication of social evils 5. Memorial 45. Kerala, like untouchability and 46. Medical College 6. Wagon Tragedy customs like Talikettuka- (Started in 1995) 7. Mamamkom lyanam, Tirandukuli etc. He 47. Achuta Menon (1970 to 1977), 8. Sri and his formulated the theory that Sanyas should not be 48. Pattom Thanupillai contributions mistaken for asceticism and 49. R. Shankar 9. Kurichiya Revolt (1812) proved by his personal 50. R. Sankara Narayanan 10. Salt Satyagraha example that a Sanyasi can Thampy 11. Nivarthana Agitation do immense good to society 51. , Kollam, Thiruva- 12. Electricity Agitation (1936) by working among the nanthapuram, Kozhikode & people. Chattampi Swamikal 13. Vaikam Satyagraha Cochin, was an eminent scholar and Answers 52. Justice K.P. Radhakrishnan man of letters and he came to Menon 1. Chattampi Swamikal was be known as Vidyadhiraja. born on August 25, 1853 in a 53. 13 2. When Sri Chithira Tirunal Nair family at Kollur in the personally took over the 54. outskrits of Trivandrum. His administration of Travancore 55. Rani Padmini (Launched on original name was Kunjan in November 1931, the climate January 27, 1980), Pillai. He acquired a high for the introduction of social

1 9 6 reforms of a more radical 3. The Zamorins of Calicut have the head of a large army and nature had already been immortalised themselves in retrieved the situation. In the generated. It may be noted that the by their famous battle of Kulachal by this time the campaign for generous patronage of (10th August, 1741), the the eradication of untouc- literature and learning. The Travancore army fought hability as an integral part of most important of the valiantly and forced the the constructive programme Zamorins who distinguished Dutch to retreat to the fort of the Indian National himself in this field was leaving behind many of their Congress under the Manavikrama, the Great men dead or wounded. The leadership of Mahatma (1466-1471), the author of the Travancore army now Gandhi had made a profound impact all over the country. Vikramiya commentary on stormed the fort itself and The Satyagraha Murari’s Anargharaghava. forced the Dutch to take refuge (1931-32) and the activities of His court was adorned by in their ships. A large number caste organisations like the some of the brightest stars on of traditional weapons of war SNDP Yogam and the Nair the literary firmament of and a few pieces of cannon Service Society within Kerala Kerala at the time. Tradition fell into the hands of the had also helped to mould speaks of the celebrated poets victorious Travancore army. public opinion in the State in known as Patinettarakavikal, The Dutch finally abandoned favour of the more a phenomenon similar to the their possessions leaving progressive step of throwing Navaratnas in the court of several persons wounded open the temples to all Chandragupta Vikramaditya and 24 Europeans including Hindus, irrespective of any or the Ashtadiggajas in the the Dutch Captain D’Lannoy consideration of caste. It was court of Krishnadeva Raya. as prisoners. The battle has also a fact that there had been Most of these scholars came great significance in the some erosion from among the to the court of the Zamorin history of India as the Dutch ranks of the Avarnas in from far and near to failure spoiled their colonial Hindu society who felt participate in the annual ambition in India. attracted to religions like assembly of scholars called Christianity and Islam in 5. On January 1, 1891 a petition Revati Pattathanam held view of the social disabilities signed by 10,028 persons to which they were subjected under the Zamorin’s belonging to all castes and for ages. Under the patronage in the Tali temple, creeds was presented to traditional Hindu caste Calicut, to honour scholars Maharaja Sri Mulam Tirunal. system there was increasing and men of letters. It highlighted the denial to the awareness in higher quarters 4. The Dutch felt humiliated by natives of a fair share in the of the fact that the time was their discomfiture and administration of the State and particularly their ripe for the introduction of decided to wreak vengeance systematic exclusion from the temple entry itself as a kind on Martanda Varma by of shock treatment to Hindu higher grades in government launching an attack on his service. It was prayed that society in order to give a kingdom from the south. A conscious and decisive push rules be framed for giving Dutch force equipped with appointments to the natives to social change among the artillery landed at Kulachal Hindus in all directions. On in preference to non- from Ceylon and advanced the advice of Sir C.P. Travancoreans, to the towards the rich town of Ramaswami iyer, Sri maximum possible extent. Chithira Tirunal Balarama Eraniel harassing the this petition came to be known Varma issued his famous inhabitants and plundering as the Malayali Memorial. Temple Entry proclamation the land all along the way. The reply given to the on November 12, 1936 The region between Kulachal Malayali Memorial was not throwing open the temples of and Kottar came under Dutch encouraging. Neverthless the Travancore to all Hindus, control. But Martanda Varma Malayali Memorial agitation irrespective of caste. soon arrived on the scene as is a distinct landmark in the

1 9 7 political history of Kerala. It Born as an in 1854 at improve their standing in the marked the emergence of the Chempazhanthi, Narayana social order. In 1904 Guru new educated middle class as Guru developed a deep made a permanent, residence a force to be reckoned within knowledge in Sanskrit and at . His philosophy the public life of Travancore. Hindu philosophy in which was “One Caste, One 6. rebels were arrested he became one of the most Religion, One God for man”. and dumped into a closed original thinkers of the last Sri Narayana Guru entered railway goods wagon by the 100 years. He severely Samadhi at Sivagiri in 1928. armed British troops at the criticised and campaigned Guru is called as “The point of the bayonet. In the against the rigorous caste Father of Modern Kerala course of its journey from system, the hege- Renaissance”. Tirur to on the mony and the numerous social 9. During the period of Velu way to the Bellary Jail, the disabilities of the and Thampi’s revolt there was inmates suffered from other lower castes. practically no disturbance in oppressive heat and hunger Guru voluntarely took to the Malabar. In 1812 the and when the train reached life of a wandering Sanyasi Kurichiyas and Kurumbas of Pothannoor and the wagon and in 1887 founded a small Wynad rose in revolt as a was opened, sixty-one of the siva temple at Aruvippuram. protest against the British inmates were found to have When the savarna Hindus Government’s policy of died of suffocation and the questioned the propriety of an collecting revenue from them remaining on the verge of avarna erecting temple, Guru in cash rather than in kind. death. The incident which is gave the answer that the They besieged the British known as the Wagon Tragedy temple is dedicated not to the garrisons at Sultan’s Battery served to highlight the in Brahmin Siva but to an and Manantoddy. The British human methods adopted by Ezhava Siva served by moved troops into Wynad the British to suppress the Ezhava priests. At a later from Mysore and the coast Malabar Rebellion. It came as stage he created a mirror and put down the a profound shock to the rather than any particular insurrection. The Kurichya public all over the country. diety. This came to be known revolt was the last of the early as “Kannadi Prathishta”. In 7. The Mamamkom was held at revolts that broke out in Thirunavaya during the reign 1899 May 5, a small yogam Malabar against British of zamorins of Kozhikode. It was formed to look after the supermacy. was one of the greatest old management of the regional festivals. The first Aruvippuram temple and 10. The Salt Satyagraha which Mamamkom was held in 829 within a short period it grew began under the leadership of A.D. and the last one was held into the Sree Narayana in March in 1755. It was celebrated once Dharma Paripalana Yogam 1930 had its repercussions in in 12 years. before the (in May 5, 1904). Kerala as well. Payyannur zamorins, mamamkom was Guru’s work later paved the was the main venue of the Salt conducted by Valluvako- way for the famous temple Satyagraha in Malabar. nathiri. entry proclamation, 1936. The Several batches of 8. If the place of Chattampi Ezhavas also gave up, on his Satyagrahis from Calicut, Swamikal on advice, the practices of Palghat and other parts of reform movement in Modern Talikettu Kalyanam, Kerala marched to Payyannur Kerala is that of the ‘rising Thirandukuli etc; which to take part in the struggle. sun’ Sri Narayana Guru is the stood in the way of their The Satyagraha went off “glowing mid-day sun”. progress. Guru also peacefully in the early stages, They represented same social persuaded them to take the but with the arrest of urges, and spiritual western education and to Mahatma Gandhi on May 5, aspirations and having industrial and commercial affairs took a new turn. The worked together for a while pursuits; so that they acquire government resorted to a in pursuit of the same goal. material wealth too and series of repressive measures

1 9 8 to break up the struggle. On 12. The most spectacular of the 13. The Satyagraha’s (1924-25) 12th May the Satyagrahis agitation in Cochin was the aim was to get the approach who assembled at Calicut one organised in Trichur town roads to the Vaikam temple beach to break the salt laws in 1936 as a protest against the opened for the Avarnas of the were attacked by the police decision of the Cochin Hindu Community. One of party and more than 30 Government under the Diwan the highlights of the persons were wounded. P. Sir R.K.Shanmuk-ham Chetti Satyagraha was the Savarna Krishna Pillai and R.V.Sarma to entrust the distribution of Jatha organised under the exhibited rare heroism in electric power in the town to a leadership of Mannath defending the National Flag private company. The Padmanabhan, by the caste from forcible seizure by the agitation in spite of its Hindus who supported the police on this occasion. The localised character and movement. The members of limited objectives, helped to Satyagraha camp at the Jatha came to Trivandrum bring the people of all castes Payyannur was raided and and submitted their demand and communities on a its inmates were lati-charged. before the Regent common platform and as such All the top leaders of the Lakshmi Bai. The it was a truly popular Congress like K.Kelappan, movement. Leaders like E. Satyagraha and the Savarna Muhammed Abdur Rahman Ikkanda Warrier and jatha helped to influence and K. Madhavan Nair were Dr.A.R.Menon came into the public opinion in the State in sentenced to rigorous linelight during this agitation. favour of temple entry. imprisonment. The government of Cochin Finally, the approach roads to 11. The agitation known as adopted repressive measures temple were formally opened Nivarthana movement was to put down the agitation and to all Hindus, irrespective of started as a protest against the ultimately it fizzled out. caste constitutional reforms of 1932. It was feared by the Ezhavas, the , and a section of Pattom A Thanu Pillai the Christian community that under the new scheme they Pattom A. Thanu Pillai was a participant in the Indian would get only a lesser number independence movement who later served as the Chief Minister of of seats in the State Legislature Kerala from February 22, 1960 to September 25, 1962. His actual than they were entitled to on a name was A. Thanu Pillai. Since he came from Pattom in strict population basis while , he was called Pattom Thanu Pillai. the being the largest Popularly he was known as just “Pattom”. body of tax payers would get more seats than what they The struggle for a responsible government in the really deserved on the basis of culminated in the ousting of the Diwan, Sir C.P. Ramaswami Iyer. their voting strength. These Sir C.P. left Travancore on August 19, 1947. After Indian communities therefore Independence and before the formation of Kerala state in 1956, he demanded that they should be became Prime Minister of Travancore from March 24, 1948 to October given representation in the 22, 1948. After independence, the princely states of Travancore Legislature in propotion to and Cochin were amalgamated to form Travancore-Cochin State their numerical strength. The on July 1, 1949. Nivarthana agitation spread to As a PSP member Pillai became Chief Minister of Thiru-Kochi (or all parts of the state. A specific Travancore-Cochin) from March 16, 1954 to February 14, 1955. The number of seats were alloted to the Ezhava, Muslim and State of Kerala was formed on November 1, 1956 and the first state Christian communities. The elections held there in March 1957 and resulted in a Communist changes in electoral law were Party-led administration. Pillai was an MLA for formally announced by the Thiruvananthapuram II representing the PSP. government in August 1936.

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