DOCSLIB.ORG

It's a Nano World

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
It's a Nano World IT’S A NANO WORLD Learning Goal • Nanometer-sized things are very small. Students can understand relative sizes of different small things • How Scientists can interact with small things. Understand Scientists and engineers have formed the interdisciplinary field of nanotechnology by investigating properties and manipulating matter at the nanoscale. • You can be a scientist DESIGNED FOR C H I L D R E N 5 - 8 Y E A R S O L D SO HOW SMALL IS NANO? ONE NANOMETRE IS A BILLIONTH O F A M E T R E Nanometre is a basic unit of measurement. “Nano” derives from the Greek word for midget, very small thing. If we divide a metre by 1 thousand we have a millimetre. One thousandth of a millimetre is a micron. A thousandth part of a micron is a nanometre. MACROSCALE OBJECTS 271 meters long. Humpback whales are A full-size soccer ball is Raindrops are around 0.25 about 14 meters long. 70 centimeters in diameter centimeters in diameter. MICROSCALE OBJECTS The diameter of Pollen, which human hairs ranges About 7 micrometers E. coli bacteria, found in fertilizes seed plants, from 50-100 across our intestines, are can be about 50 micrometers. around 2 micrometers micrometers in long. diameter. NANOSCALE OBJECTS The Ebola virus, The largest naturally- which causes a DNA molecules, which Water molecules are occurring atom is bleeding disease, is carry genetic code, are 0.278 nanometers wide. uranium, which has an around 80 around 2.5 nanometers atomic radius of 0.175 nanometers long. across. nanometers. TRY THIS! Mark your height on the wall chart. MEASURE How tall are you in nanometers? Are you super tall? Or is YOURSELF IN a nanometer super small? NANOMETERS THEN TRY THIS! Trace your hand on a worksheet. How many nanometers long is it? Is your hand really big? Or is a nanometer really tiny? HOW TO MEASURE NANO TECHNOLOGY? A NANOMETER IS REALLY, REALLY TINY! Nanoscale science focuses on things that are measured in nanometers, anything between 1-100 nanometers in size. Scientists use special tools and equipment to work with nanometer-sized things. Regular tools like rulers are too big! Computer chip Examples nanotechnology Red blood cell on a needle HOW DIFFICULT IS MEASURE NANO OBJECTS? A strand of your hair is around 75,000 nanometers wide. One red blood cell is around 7,000 nanometers wide. TRY THIS! TOOLS USED BY So There is already difficult and only reach the best SCIENTISTS and tell them to do it three times to reach the micron and from there three times CAN INTERACT to reach the nanometer ... At the same time they can understand the lack of WITH SMALL accuracy when they try to THINGS do it with the scissors ... 1_ Named some tools 2_ Activity: You have a strip of 20 cm. In groups of 4 cut for part of 5 cm. After cut a short decimetre ... hence one centimetre short of one millimetre ... WHAT IS TO BE SCIENTIST? "A SCIENTIST IS A PERSON WHO ASKS QUESTIONS AND TRIES DIFFERENT WAYS TO ANSWER THEM." A SCIENTIST : • Learns from her senses • Notices details • Writes about what happens • Makes comparisons and measuring • Designs experiments to test predictions • Experiments by trial and error • Keeps trying over and over • Has fun CAN BE A? An engineer A doctor Marine biologist Surveyor Astronomer …. YOU CAN BE A SCIENTIST, TOO! .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nanoscience and Nanotechnologies: Opportunities and Uncertainties
    ISBN 0 85403 604 0 © The Royal Society 2004 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act (1998), no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of the publisher, or, in the case of reprographic reproduction, in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency in the UK, or in accordance with the terms of licenses issued by the appropriate reproduction rights organization outside the UK. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the terms stated here should be sent to: Science Policy Section The Royal Society 6–9 Carlton House Terrace London SW1Y 5AG email [email protected] Typeset in Frutiger by the Royal Society Proof reading and production management by the Clyvedon Press, Cardiff, UK Printed by Latimer Trend Ltd, Plymouth, UK ii | July 2004 | Nanoscience and nanotechnologies The Royal Society & The Royal Academy of Engineering Nanoscience and nanotechnologies: opportunities and uncertainties Contents page Summary vii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Hopes and concerns about nanoscience and nanotechnologies 1 1.2 Terms of reference and conduct of the study 2 1.3 Report overview 2 1.4 Next steps 3 2 What are nanoscience and nanotechnologies? 5 3 Science and applications 7 3.1 Introduction 7 3.2 Nanomaterials 7 3.2.1 Introduction to nanomaterials 7 3.2.2 Nanoscience in this area 8 3.2.3 Applications 10 3.3 Nanometrology
    [Show full text]
  • The Not So Short Introduction to Latex2ε
    The Not So Short Introduction to LATEX 2ε Or LATEX 2ε in 139 minutes by Tobias Oetiker Hubert Partl, Irene Hyna and Elisabeth Schlegl Version 4.20, May 31, 2006 ii Copyright ©1995-2005 Tobias Oetiker and Contributers. All rights reserved. This document is free; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This document is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this document; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Thank you! Much of the material used in this introduction comes from an Austrian introduction to LATEX 2.09 written in German by: Hubert Partl <[email protected]> Zentraler Informatikdienst der Universität für Bodenkultur Wien Irene Hyna <[email protected]> Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung Wien Elisabeth Schlegl <noemail> in Graz If you are interested in the German document, you can find a version updated for LATEX 2ε by Jörg Knappen at CTAN:/tex-archive/info/lshort/german iv Thank you! The following individuals helped with corrections, suggestions and material to improve this paper. They put in a big effort to help me get this document into its present shape.
    [Show full text]
  • Standard Caption Abberaviation
    TECHNICAL SHEET Page 1 of 2 STANDARD CAPTION ABBREVIATIONS Ref: T120 – Rev 10 – March 02 The abbreviated captions listed are used on all instruments except those made to ANSI C39. 1-19. Captions for special scales to customers’ requirements must comply with BS EN 60051, unless otherwise specified at time of ordering. * DENOTES captions applied at no extra cost. Other captions on request. ELECTRICAL UNITS UNIT SYMBOL UNIT SYMBOL Direct Current dc Watt W * Alternating current ac Milliwatts mW * Amps A * Kilowatts kW * Microamps µA * Megawatts MW * Milliamps mA * Vars VAr * Kiloamps kA * Kilovars kVAr * Millivolts mV * Voltamperes VA * Kilovolts kV * Kilovoltamperes kVA * Cycles Hz * Megavoltamperes MVA * Power factor cos∅ * Ohms Ω * Synchroscope SYNCHROSCOPE * Siemens S Micromhos µmho MECHANICAL UNITS Inches in Micrometre (micron) µm Square inches in2 Millimetre mm Cubic inches in3 Square millimetres mm2 Inches per second in/s * Cubic millimetres mm3 Inches per minute in/min * Millimetres per second mm/s * Inches per hour in/h * Millimetres per minute mm/min * Inches of mercury in hg Millimetres per hour mm/h * Feet ft Millimetres of mercury mm Hg Square feet ft2 Centimetre cm Cubic feet ft3 Square centimetres cm2 Feet per second ft/s * Cubic centimetres cm3 Feet per minute ft/min * Cubic centimetres per min cm3/min Feet per hour ft/h * Centimetres per second cm/s * Foot pound ft lb Centimetres per minute cm/min * Foot pound force ft lbf Centimetres per hour cm/h * Hours h Decimetre dm Yards yd Square decimetre dm2 Square yards yd2 Cubic
    [Show full text]
  • UNEP Frontiers 2016 Report: Emerging Issues of Environmental Concern
    www.unep.org United Nations Environment Programme P.O. Box 30552, Nairobi 00100, Kenya Tel: +254-(0)20-762 1234 Fax: +254-(0)20-762 3927 Email: [email protected] web: www.unep.org UNEP FRONTIERS 978-92-807-3553-6 DEW/1973/NA 2016 REPORT Emerging Issues of Environmental Concern 2014 © 2016 United Nations Environment Programme ISBN: 978-92-807-3553-6 Job Number: DEW/1973/NA Disclaimer This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit services without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNEP would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the United Nations Environment Programme. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, DCPI, UNEP, P.O. Box 30552, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP concerning the legal status of any country, territory or city or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. For general guidance on matters relating to the use of maps in publications please go to: http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/english/htmain.htm Mention of a commercial company or product in this publication does not imply endorsement by the United Nations Environment Programme.
    [Show full text]
  • Perri Et Al. 2015. Sedimentary and Thermal Evolution of The
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/270824977 Sedimentary and thermal evolution of the Eocene-Oligocene mudrocks from the southwestern Thrace Basin (NE Greece) ARTICLE in BASIN RESEARCH · JANUARY 2015 Impact Factor: 2.73 · DOI: 10.1111/bre.12112 CITATION READS 1 99 7 AUTHORS, INCLUDING: Francesco Perri Salvatore Critelli Università della Calabria Università della Calabria 54 PUBLICATIONS 469 CITATIONS 157 PUBLICATIONS 1,723 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Francesco Muto Rocco Dominici Università della Calabria Università della Calabria 45 PUBLICATIONS 266 CITATIONS 46 PUBLICATIONS 173 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Available from: Salvatore Critelli Retrieved on: 19 November 2015 EAGE Basin Research (2015) 1–21, doi: 10.1111/bre.12112 Sedimentary and thermal evolution of the Eocene- Oligocene mudrocks from the southwesternThrace Basin (NEGreece) F. Perri,* L. Caracciolo,† F. Cavalcante,‡ S. Corrado,§ S. Critelli,* F. Muto* and R. Dominici* *Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra, Universita della Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy †Chemostrat Ltd., Sandtrak Unit, Ravenscroft Court, Buttington Cross Enterpise, Welshpool, UK ‡CNR – Istituto di Metodologie per l’Analisi Ambientale, Tito Scalo (PZ), Italy §Dipartimento di Scienze, Sezione di Scienze Geologiche, Universita degli Studi “Roma Tre”, Roma, Italy ABSTRACT Paleothermal indicators based on clay mineral and organic matter analyses, were integrated with mudrock geochemistry and stratigraphic data to define the sedimentary evolution of the southwest- ern Thrace Basin during the Eocene to Oligocene. This multi-method approach allowed us to recon- struct the burial evolution of the basin in Eocene and Oligocene times and to study the mudrock composition and relate this to their provenance and source area weathering.
    [Show full text]
  • Using Integrated Experiments and Mathematical Modeling to Upscale Biotic Weathering Processes from Pore to Field and Global Scales
    Poster presentation EGU2011-7118 – EGU General Assembly 2011, Vienna, 6th April 2011 Using integrated experiments and mathematical modeling to upscale biotic weathering processes from pore to field and global scales Jonathan Bridge*, Steven Banwart, and the NERC Weathering Science Consortium Team 1 Kroto Research Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom. * presenting author Summary Conceptual model: from nanoscale Mineral weathering at hyphae interfaces Figure 1 Soil mycorrhizal fungi act through chemical interactions at nanometer scale to dissolve weathering to global scale systems Section 1 • Minerals incubated in controlled microcosms with minerals, and transport weathering products to plant symbionts through metre scale Pinus sylvestris – Paxillus involutus (3-6 months) 2 cm mycelial networks at diurnal timescales [1]. Biologically-mediated soil development Section 2 • NANOSingle hypha on biotite identified and sectioned to occurs at regional scale over millenia (ka) and coupling between ecological, geological analyse sub-interface mineral composition profiles Studied and atmospheric systems is apparent over evolutionary (Ma) timescales [2]. Our hypha • Removal of K, Al, Mg, Fe over 72 day contact time hypothesis is that quantification of biologically-driven weathering reactions at Section 3 • Model fits data by diffusion-controlled hydrated molecular scale provides a basis for new conceptual approaches to processes such as soil Growth layer formation and release of ions from lattice direction • Significant new dry soil weathering process formation and atmospheric CO2 evolution that occur over much larger temporal and 100 μm spatial scales. A reaction-diffusion model based Section 4 B on ion-exchange release of K+ by To test this we have applied an integrated suite of observations at scales from nanometre Biotite chips exposed to EM fungi in microscosms protons fits depth profiles and to decimetre using common minerals, fungi and physical and chemical conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Solar Decimetre Radio Bursts
    SOLAR DECIMETRE RADIO BURSTS By R. F. MULLALy*t and T. KRISHNAN* [Manuscript recewed September 20, 1962] Summary High resolution studies (2' of arc beam) were made with the east·west arm of the Christiansen radio interferometer for about 50 21·cm solar burst events during 1958-1961. The burst sources were always closely associated in position with already existing radio plage regions of the Sun's slowly varying decimetre radiation. They had sizes of from 2 to 5' of arc, never exceeded but often approached in size their parent plage region, and showed no major movements during their development. Brightness temperatures ranged up to 2 X 109 OK (mostly between 107 and 108 OK). More bursts were observed near the Sun's centre than near the limb, and more on the western than on the eastern half. There was also a curious "gap" of 30° longitude on the eastern half of the Sun with virtually no burst activity. 1. INTRODUCTION A solar decimetre radio burst is part of a complex of simultaneous or closely successive events which may extend from optical to metre wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum, and sometimes involve the ejection of corpuscular streams. The characteristics of burst emission in different frequency ranges differ markedly. Further, in the same frequency range burst sources of different types may be distinguished. The basic observations required to delineate radio-frequency bursts comprise dynamic spectra, showing the variation in intensity of emission as a function of both frequency and time; and high resolution studies of the position, size, shape, movement, and brightness temperature of the emitting region.
    [Show full text]
  • Introducyon to the Metric System Bemeasurement, Provips0.Nformal, 'Hands-On Experiences For.The Stud4tts
    'DOCUMENT RESUME ED 13A 755 084 CE 009 744 AUTHOR Cáoper, Gloria S., Ed.; Mag4,sos Joel B., Ed. TITLE q Met,rits for.Theatrical COstum g: ° INSTITUTION Ohio State Univ., Columbus. enter for Vocational Education. SPONS AGENCY Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Center for.Vocational Education. PUB DATE 76 4. CONTRACT - OEC-0-74-9335 NOTE 59p.1 For a. related docuMent see CE 009 736-790 EDRS PRICE 10-$0.8.3 C-$3.50 Plus Pdstage: DESCRIPTORS *Curriculu; Fine Arts; Instructional Materials; Learning. ctivities;xMeasurement.Instrnments; *Metric, System; S condary Education; Teaching Technigue8; *Theater AttS; Units of Sttidy (Subject Fields) ; , *Vocational Eiducation- IDENTIFIERS Costumes (Theatrical) AESTRACT . Desigliedto meet tbe job-related m4triceasgrement needs of theatrical costuming students,'thiS instructio11 alpickage is one of live-for the arts and-huminities occupations cluster, part of aset b*: 55 packages for:metric instrection in diftepent occupations.. .The package is in'tended for students who already knovthe occupaiiOnal terminology, measurement terms, and tools currently in use. Each of the five units in this instructional package.contains performance' objectiveS, learning:Activities, and'supporting information in-the form of text,.exertises,- ard tabled. In. add±tion, Suggested teaching technigueS are included. At the'back of the package*are objective-base'd:e"luation items, a-page of answers to' the exercises,and tests, a list of metric materials ,needed for the ,activities4 references,- and a/list of supPliers.t The_material is Y- designed. to accVmodate awariety of.individual teacting,:and learning k. styles, e.g., in,dependent:study, small group, or whole-class Setivity.
    [Show full text]
  • Orders of Magnitude (Length) - Wikipedia
    03/08/2018 Orders of magnitude (length) - Wikipedia Orders of magnitude (length) The following are examples of orders of magnitude for different lengths. Contents Overview Detailed list Subatomic Atomic to cellular Cellular to human scale Human to astronomical scale Astronomical less than 10 yoctometres 10 yoctometres 100 yoctometres 1 zeptometre 10 zeptometres 100 zeptometres 1 attometre 10 attometres 100 attometres 1 femtometre 10 femtometres 100 femtometres 1 picometre 10 picometres 100 picometres 1 nanometre 10 nanometres 100 nanometres 1 micrometre 10 micrometres 100 micrometres 1 millimetre 1 centimetre 1 decimetre Conversions Wavelengths Human-defined scales and structures Nature Astronomical 1 metre Conversions https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(length) 1/44 03/08/2018 Orders of magnitude (length) - Wikipedia Human-defined scales and structures Sports Nature Astronomical 1 decametre Conversions Human-defined scales and structures Sports Nature Astronomical 1 hectometre Conversions Human-defined scales and structures Sports Nature Astronomical 1 kilometre Conversions Human-defined scales and structures Geographical Astronomical 10 kilometres Conversions Sports Human-defined scales and structures Geographical Astronomical 100 kilometres Conversions Human-defined scales and structures Geographical Astronomical 1 megametre Conversions Human-defined scales and structures Sports Geographical Astronomical 10 megametres Conversions Human-defined scales and structures Geographical Astronomical 100 megametres 1 gigametre
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents
    Table of Contents Teaching and Learning The Metric System Unit 1 1 - Suggested Teaching Sequence 1 - Objectives 1 - Rules of Notation 1 - Metric Units, Symbols, and Referents 2 - Metric Prefixes 2 - Linear Measurement Activities 3 - Area Measurement Activities 5 - Volume Measurement Activities 7 - Mass (Weight) Measurement Activities 9 - Temperature Measurement Activities 11 Unit 2 12 - Objectives 12 - Suggested Teaching Sequence 12 - Metrics in this Occupation 12 - Metric Units For Nursing Aides 13 - Trying Out Metric Units 14 - Aiding With Metrics 15 Unit 3 16 - Objective 16 - Suggested Teaching Sequence 16 - Metric-Metric Equivalents 16 - Changing Units at Work 18 Unit 4 19 - Objective 19 - Suggested Teaching Sequence 19 - Selecting and Using Metric Instruments, Tools and Devices 19 - Which Tools for the Job? 20 - Measuring Up in Nursing 20 Unit 5 21 - Objective 21 - Suggested Teaching Sequence 21 - Metric-Customary Equivalents 21 - Conversion Tables 22 - Any Way You Want It 23 Testing Metric Abilities 24 Answers to Exercises and Test 25 Temperature 26 Tools and Devices List References metrics for nurses aides TEACHING AND LEARNING THE METRIC SYSTEM This metric instructional package was designed to meet job-related Unit 2 provides the metric terms which are used in this occupation metric measurement needs of students. To use this package students and gives experience with occupational measurement tasks. should already know the occupational terminology, measurement terms, and tools currently in use. These materials were prepared with Unit 3 focuses on job-related metric equivalents and their relation­ the help of experienced vocational teachers, reviewed by experts, tested ships. in classrooms in different parts of the United States, and revised before distribution.
    [Show full text]
  • Measuring the World Music and Lyrics by Graeme Thompson
    Mathematical Melodies Measuring the World Music and Lyrics by Graeme Thompson Measuring the World A foot has 12 inches A foot has 5 toes A foot has 30 centimeters As your ruler knows 1 foot 12 inches 30 centimeters ruler knows We’re measuring the world Your little pinkie finger Is a centimeter wide A meter has one hundred centimeters stored inside 1 meter one hundred centimeters all a pinkie wide We’re measuring the world A kilometer is one thousand Meters laid out straight We use them when the distance We are measuring is great 1 kilometer is 1000 meters laid out side by side We’re measuring the world A millimeters less than A centimeter long 10 millimeters And your centimeters strong 10 millimeters are a centimeter long We’re measuring the world Measuring the World 1 Measuring the World Junior: Grade 5 and Grade 6 The Big Ideas Curriculum Connections Measurement Teaching metric conversion Measurement Relationships can be particularly tricky. Grade 5 • select and justify the most appropriate Creating opportunities for standard unit (i.e., millimetre, students to practice purposeful conversion is centimetre, decimetre, metre, kilometre) to the key. Helping students engage through measure length, activities that are meaningful and encourage height, width, and decision making around picking which unit to distance, and to measure the perimeter use in a reasonable way is helpful. Pointing of various polygons; out common or practical uses for metric • solve problems requiring conversion from metres to centimetres and conversion in the students‘ daily lives from kilometres to metres (Sample encourages problem solving and reinforces a problem: Describe the multiplicative relevant personal connection.
    [Show full text]
  • Glossary of Terms In
    Glossary of Terms in Powder and Bulk Technology Prepared by Lyn Bates ISBN 978-0-946637-12-6 The British Materials Handling Board Foreward. Bulk solids play a vital role in human society, permeating almost all industrial activities and dominating many. Bulk technology embraces many disciplines, yet does not fall within the domain of a specific professional activity such as mechanical or chemical engineering. It has emerged comparatively recently as a coherent subject with tools for quantifying flow related properties and the behaviour of solids in handling and process plant. The lack of recognition of the subject as an established format with monumental industrial implications has impeded education in the subject. Minuscule coverage is offered within most university syllabuses. This situation is reinforced by the acceptance of empirical maturity in some industries and the paucity of quality textbooks available to address its enormous scope and range of application. Industrial performance therefore suffers. The British Materials Handling Board perceived the need for a Glossary of Terms in Particle Technology as an introductory tool for non-specialists, newcomers and students in this subject. Co-incidentally, a draft of a Glossary of Terms in Particulate Solids was in compilation. This concept originated as a project of the Working Part for the Mechanics of Particulate Solids, in support of a web site initiative of the European Federation of Chemical Engineers. The Working Party decided to confine the glossary on the EFCE web site to terms relating to bulk storage, flow of loose solids and relevant powder testing. Lyn Bates*, the UK industrial representative to the WPMPS leading this Glossary task force, decided to extend this work to cover broader aspects of particle and bulk technology and the BMHB arranged to publish this document as a contribution to the dissemination of information in this important field of industrial activity.
    [Show full text]