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National Academy of Sciences of the UNITED STATES of AMERICA THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE National Academy of Sciences OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Officers PHILIP HANDLER President of the SAUNDERS MAC LANE Vice President Academy DAVID R. GODDARD Home Secretary GEORGE S. HAMMOND Foreign Secretary E. R. PIORE Treasurer Editorial Board ROBERT L. SINSHEIMER Chairman of the ROBERT M. SOLOW Vice Chairman Proceedings HARRISON SHULL Vice Chairman DAVID R. GODDARD Home Secretary GEORGE S. HAMMOND Foreign Secretary E. R. PIORE Treasurer ALEXANDER G. BEARN S. M. LIPSET P. D. BOYER MACLYN MCCARTY HARRY EAGLE EUGENE P. ODUM HERMAN EISEN ALEXANDER RICH RICHARD M. HELD E. R. STADTMAN MARTIN D. KAMEN ELIAS M. STEIN HENRY S. KAPLAN HOWARD M. TEMIN SEYMOUR S. KETY JAMES TOBIN Managing Editor: BERNARD K. FORSCHER Associate Editor: GARY T. COCKS Associate Editor: MURRIE W. BURGAN Editorial correspondence: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, 2101 Constitution Avenue, Washington, D.C. 20418. Business correspondence: Circulation Office of the PROCEEDINGS, National Academy ofSciences, 2101 Constitution Avenue, Washington, D.C. 20418. (For Member's subscriptions, see below.) Subscriptions: All correspondence concerning subscriptions should be addressed to the Circulation Office of the Proceedings. Subscriptions are entered on a calendar-year basis only. The 1977 subscription rate is $55. Subscribers- are requested to notify the Circulation Office of the Proceedings 6 weeks in advance of any change of address; also the local postmaster. The Academy is not responsible for nonreceipt of issues because of improper address unless a change of address is on file. The notice ofaddress change should list both the old and new addresses. Claims for replacement copies will not be honored more than 60 days after the mailing date for domestic subscribers and not more than 90 days after the mailing date for foreign subscribers. Back Issues (Volumes 1-68, through December 1971) are available from Walter J. Johnson, Inc., 355 Chestnut Street, Norwood, N.J. 07648. Prices are available from that organization upon request. Back Issues (Volumes 69-73, January 1972 and thereafter) are available from the Circulation Office of the Proceedings. The price of a single issue is $5.50. Microfilms of complete volumes are available to regular subscribers only and may be obtained from University Microfilms, Xerox Corporation, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48103. Second class postage paid at Washington, D.C. and at additional mailing offices PRINTED IN THE USA PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA is published monthly by THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, 2101 Constitution Avenue, Washington, D.C. 20418 INFORMATION TO CONTRIBUTORS (Revised 1977) Purpose and scope member is to be billed for page charges (currently $85 per page), then the member should identify which author has The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA otherwise, the Academy member reports that describe the results of original theoretical agreed to pay the charges; publishes is responsible for the cost of publication. Authors are also billed or research of exceptional importance or novelty. experimental the costs of extensive changes made in proof, for color re- are if contributed by a member of the for Reports accepted only productions, and for other special items. Academy or communicated by an Academy member on behalf number of the not been submitted for publication It is useful to include the name and telephone of a nonmember and have specific author responsible for reviewing the galley proof. or previously published elsewhere. human papers in all branches Manuscripts that report research involving either Because the PROCEEDINGS publishes must ac- of science represented in the Academy, articles should be of subjects or the use of materials of human origin be companied by a copy of the document authorizing the proposed interest and intelligible to a broad scientific audience. of the of importance may research, issued and signed by the appropriate official(s) Occasionally, preliminary findings major are be published in the PROCEEDINGS without full documentation; institution where the work was conducted. Authors referred char- to the Declaration of Helsinki for further guidance. in such cases, the author must indicate the preliminary experimentation reported in the PROCEEDINGS, paper and where a subsequent detailed report will For animal acter of the it must be clear that the conditions conformed to the Guiding be published. Use Animals by the papers presented Principles in the Care and of approved Upon invitation from the Editorial Board, Society. special Academy lectures, reviews, or Council of the American Physiological at Academy symposia, Manuscripts that report recombinant DNA research should papers on of general interest to scientists are also pub- subjects state, in the Materials and Methods section, the physical and lished in the PROCEEDINGS. biological containment levels used, as outlined in the "National Institutes of Health Recombinant DNA Research Guidelines, Procedures for submitting manuscripts Part II" (see Federal Register, July 7, 1976). un- Manuscripts that meet the criteria listed below should be sent, When reference is made to a personal communication, NATIONAL published work, or a paper in press that does not involve at least in duplicate, to the PROCEEDINGS OF THE sent to the PROCEEDINGS, it is the ACADEMY OF SCIENCES USA, Room 253, 2101 Constitution one author of the manuscript 20418. Manuscripts that meet all submitting author's responsibility to furnish a statement that Avenue, Washington, D.C. authorizes the citation of such material and is signed by one of criteria are usually published within 8-13 weeks. However, as of the Academy, the Editorial Board the persons cited. authorized by the Bylaws Receipt of each manuscript is acknowledged by the PRO- reserves the right to subject manuscripts to further review when not meet the cri- CEEDINGS Office; the author should notify this office if an necessary and to reject those that do general within a reasonable as in some acknowledgment has not been received teria for publication or are regarded inappropriate period. Academy members or authors should call the PRO- significant way. if they have questions on these or other are from members of the National CEEDINGS Office Manuscripts accepted only When calling on manuscript-related matters, an author Academy of Sciences. These members assume responsibility matters. of the manuscripts should indicate the manuscript number and scheduled month for the propriety and scientific standards number is (202) 389-6871. submit. An Academy member may contribute and/or of publication. The telephone that they No manuscript in any scientific discipline is exempt from a of 10 papers in any calendar year. communicate maximum these requirements and the requirements for manuscript New members may submit manuscripts as soon as a letter of necessary membership acceptance is received by the Home Secretary's preparation noted below. Failure to provide all the Office. documentation when the manuscript is submitted may delay No person may be an author or coauthor of papers totaling publication. more than five pages in any one issue. Manuscript preparation Before communicating an article on behalf of nonmember(s), an Academy member must obtain signed written opinions of Length. Articles should be as brief as full documentation the paper from two qualified referees. Only the member should allows. They may not exceed five printed pages (approximately select the referees; their names should be divulged to the author 5500 words). The title, key terms, names of authors and their only at the member's discretion and after he has reviewed their affiliation(s), and statement of communication or contribution comments. Referees should be chosen solely for their imparti- usually occupy space equal to about 600 words. Appropriate ality and their ability to judge the work. Forms for the referees' allowance must be made for the space occupied by footnotes, comments are provided to members on request to the PRO- references, tables, and figures with their legends. Figures are CEEDINGS Office. An author should see all referee queries scaled to a one- or two-column width at the PROCEEDINGS before the paper is forwarded to the PROCEEDINGS Office. 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Provide a title page containing. only the following an Academy member should indicate explicitly that the report information: is particularly novel, of exceptional importance, or of broad Classification. Give any one of the sciences named in the interest
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