A Case Study of Isomorphism in the Airline Industry
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Idaho Air Services Study
Idaho Air Passenger Demand Study Introduction Introduction to the Report Commercial airline service is very important to Idaho’s economy. Not only do businesses located in the State rely on the commercial airline industry to support day-to-day activities, but Idaho’s tourist industry is heavily reliant on commercial airline service. There is no national standard for what constitutes good or even acceptable airline service; such standards vary considerably by community. However, convenient access to the national air transportation system is a top priority for many businesses and tourists across the U.S. It is important that Idaho’s major population, business, and tourism centers have commercial airline service to meet their needs. All areas in Idaho have some inherent need or demand for commercial airline service. The volume of this demand is determined by factors such as population, employment, income, and tourism. Where each community’s demand for commercial airline service is actually served is a more complex equation. In the deregulated airline environment, it is not uncommon to find travelers who leave the market area of their local commercial service airport to drive two to three hours to a more distant, larger competing airport. The airport that travelers choose for their commercial airline trips is influenced by a myriad of factors. With the help of the Internet, which is rapidly becoming the number one method for airline ticket purchases, travelers can compare fares, airlines, and schedules among several competing airports. With airline deregulation, some travelers from smaller commercial airport markets around the U.S. have abandoned air travel from their local airport in favor of beginning their trips from larger, more distant airports. -
Chapter Download
www.igi-global.com/ondemand ® InfoSci-ONDemand Chapter Download ® Purchase individual research articles, book chapters, and InfoSci-ONDemand teaching cases from IGI Global’s entire selection. Download Premium Research Papers www.igi-global.com/ondemand This publication is protected by copyright law of the United States of America codifi ed in Title 17 of the U.S. Code, which is party to both the Universal Copyright Convention and the Berne Copyright Convention. The entire content is copyrighted by IGI Global. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, posted online, stored, translated or distributed in any form or by any means without written permission from the publisher. IGI PUBLISHING ITB14169 701 E. Chocolate Avenue, Suite 200, Hershey PA 17033-1240, USA Tel: 717/533-8845; Fax 717/533-8661; URL-http://www.igi-pub.com 6 MertenThis paper appears in the publication, Information and Communication Technologies in Support of the Tourism Industry edited by W. Pease, M. Rowe and M. Cooper © 2007, IGI Global Chapter.IV The.Transformation.of.the. Distribution.Process.in.the. Airline.Industry.Empowered. by.Information.and. Communication.Technology Patrick S. Merten, International Institute of Management in Technology, Switzerland Abstract This chapter reviews the historical evolution of the airline market and its first-gen- eration airline reservation and distribution systems. The development and diffusion of computer reservation systems (CRS) and global distribution systems (GDS) is discussed extensively in order to provide a comprehensive overview of the state of business in the 2000s. Based on this evaluation, the influence of modern information and communication technology (ICT) on the airline distribution system environ- ment is discussed. -
AWA AR Editoral
AMERICA WEST HOLDINGS CORPORATION Annual Report 2002 AMERICA WEST HOLDINGS CORPORATION America West Holdings Corporation is an aviation and travel services company. Wholly owned subsidiary, America West Airlines, is the nation’s eighth largest carrier serving 93 destinations in the U.S., Canada and Mexico. The Leisure Company, also a wholly owned subsidiary, is one of the nation’s largest tour packagers. TABLE OF CONTENTS Chairman’s Message to Shareholders 3 20 Years of Pride 11 Board of Directors 12 Corporate Officers 13 Financial Review 15 Selected Consolidated Financial Data The selected consolidated data presented below under the captions “Consolidated Statements of Operations Data” and “Consolidated Balance Sheet Data” as of and for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001, 2000, 1999 and 1998 are derived from the audited consolidated financial statements of Holdings. The selected consolidated data should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements for the respective periods, the related notes and the related reports of independent accountants. Year Ended December 31, (in thousands except per share amounts) 2002 2001(a) 2000 1999 1998 (as restated) Consolidated statements of operations data: Operating revenues $ 2,047,116 $ 2,065,913 $ 2,344,354 $ 2,210,884 $ 2,023,284 Operating expenses (b) 2,207,196 2,483,784 2,356,991 2,006,333 1,814,221 Operating income (loss) (160,080) (417,871) (12,637) 204,551 209,063 Income (loss) before income taxes and cumulative effect of change in accounting principle (c) (214,757) -
Official Statement
NEW ISSUE—BOOK ENTRY ONLY RATING: See “Rating” In the opinion of Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe LLP, Bond Counsel, based upon an analysis of existing laws, regulations, rulings and court decisions and assuming, among other matters, the accuracy of certain representations and compliance with certain covenants, interest on the Series Twenty-One C Bonds is excluded from gross income for federal income tax purposes under Section 103 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, except that no opinion is expressed as to the status of interest on any Series Twenty-One C Bond for any period that such Series Twenty-One C Bond is held by a “substantial user” of the facilities refinanced by the Series Twenty- One C Bonds or by a “related person” within the meaning of Section 147(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. Bond Counsel observes, however, that interest on the Series Twenty-One C Bonds is a specific preference item for purposes of the federal individual and corporate alternative minimum taxes. In the further opinion of Bond Counsel, interest on the Series Twenty-One C Bonds is exempt from personal income taxation by the State of Oregon. Bond Counsel expresses no opinion regarding any other tax consequences related to the ownership or disposition of, or the accrual or receipt of interest on, the Series Twenty-One C Bonds. See “Tax MaTTers.” $27,685,000 THE PORT OF PORTLAND, OREGON Portland International Airport Refunding Revenue Bonds Series Twenty-One C (AMT) Dated: Date of initial delivery Base CUSIP No.: 735240 Due: July 1, as shown on inside cover The Port of Portland (the “Port”) is issuing its Portland International Airport Refunding Revenue Bonds, Series Twenty-One C (AMT) (the “Series Twenty-One C Bonds”) to refund the Port’s outstanding Portland International Airport Refunding Revenue Bonds, Series Fifteen D, to make a deposit to the SLB Reserve Account and to pay costs of issuing the Series Twenty-One C Bonds, all as described herein. -
Continental Airlines - About Continental Airlines, Inc - Company Information & News
Continental Airlines - About Continental Airlines, Inc - Company Information & News Sign In | Worldwide Sites | Español My Account | Contact Us | Help ● Home ● Reservations ❍ Make Flight Reservation ❍ Make Car Reservation ❍ Make Hotel Reservation ❍ Change/View Existing Reservations ❍ Check-in for Flight ❍ Vacation Packages ❍ Make Cruise Reservation ❍ Refund Policy ❍ Using continental.com ● Travel Information ❍ Flight Status ❍ Timetable ❍ Baggage Information ❍ Traveling with Animals ❍ Special Travel Needs ❍ Airport Information ❍ During the Flight ❍ Route Maps ❍ Destination Information ❍ Wireless Tools ● Deals & Offers ❍ continental.com Specials ❍ E-mail Subscriptions ❍ OnePass News & Offers ❍ Promotional Certificates http://www.continental.com/web/en-US/content/company/default.aspx (1 of 4)2/6/2007 11:10:04 AM Continental Airlines - About Continental Airlines, Inc - Company Information & News ❍ Special Offers ❍ Vacation Packages ❍ Veteran's Advantage Discount ● OnePass Frequent Flyer ❍ Enroll in OnePass ❍ OnePass Overview ❍ OnePass News & Offers ❍ OnePass Program Rules ❍ Elite Status ❍ Earn Miles ❍ Use Miles ❍ Transfer Points into Miles ❍ My Account ● Products & Services ❍ Business Products ❍ Continental Airlines Credit Card from Chase ❍ EliteAccess Travel Services ❍ Gift Account ❍ Gift Certificates ❍ Presidents Club ❍ Travel Club ❍ Travel for Groups & Meetings ❍ Travel for Military & Government Personnel ❍ Travel Products ❍ Trip Insurance ● About Continental ❍ Advertising ❍ Career Opportunities ❍ Company History ❍ Company Profile ❍ Global Alliances ❍ Investor Relations ❍ News Releases http://www.continental.com/web/en-US/content/company/default.aspx (2 of 4)2/6/2007 11:10:04 AM Continental Airlines - About Continental Airlines, Inc - Company Information & News Home > About Continental About Continental Company History Work Hard. Fly Right. ● 1934-1958 This spring ● 1959-1977 you'll see ● 1978-1990 another new series of ● 1991-2000 "Work Hard. ● 2001-now Fly Right." ads including Global Alliances Seven new TV commercials. -
2008 Conference Hotel and Other Information
2008 IACA Conference Salt Lake City, Utah Hotel, Airport, Transportation, General Information Hotel: Little America 500 South Main Street Salt Lake City, Utah 84101 Tel: 801-596-5700 Fax: 801-596-5911 http://www.littleamerica.com/slc/ Rate: $145/night - plus 12.5% tax Rate is good for 3 days prior and 3 days after the conference, subject to availability. Reservations: 1-800-453-9450 Online: https://reservations.ihotelier.com/crs/g_reservation.cfm?groupID=93657&hotelID=4650 • Cancellations must be made at least 24 hours prior to arrival. • Complimentary parking • Free High Speed Internet Access – Please bring your own Ethernet cord or buy one at the hotel for $6.00 Airport: Salt Lake City International Airport http://www.slcairport.com/ 1 Airlines Serving Salt Lake City International Airport Currently, there are 12 airlines with service from Salt Lake City International Airport. Airline Flight Info Gate Assignment America West Express/Mesa 800-235-9292 A2 2 flights per day American Airlines 800-433-7300 A1 7 flights per day Continental Airlines 800-525-0280 A6 3 flights per day Continental Express 800-525-0280 A6 2 flights per day Delta Air Lines 800-221-1212 B2, B4, B6, B8, B10, 95 flights per day B12, C1-13, D1-D13 Delta 800-453-9417 E Gates Connection/SkyWest Airlines 212 flights per day Frontier Airlines 800-432-1359 A5 6 flights per day jetBlue Airways 800-538-2583 A7 5 flights per day Northwest Airlines 800-225-2525 A4 4 flights per day Southwest Airlines 800-435-9792 B11, B13, B14-B18 44 flights per day United Airlines 800-241-6522 B5, B7, B9 6 flights per day United Express 800-241-6522 B5, B7, B9 10 flights per day US Airways 800-235-9292 A2 5 flights per day Car rental facilities are located on the ground floor of the short-term parking garage directly across from the terminal buildings. -
The Value of Relational Adaptation in Outsourcing: Evidence from The
The Value of Relational Adaptation in Outsourcing: Evidence from the 2008 shock to the US Airline Industry * Ricard Gil Myongjin Kim Giorgio Zanarone Johns Hopkins U University of Oklahoma CUNEF February 2017 Abstract In this paper, we theoretically analyze, and empirically test for, the importance of relational adaptation in outsourcing relationships using the airline industry as case study. In the airline industry, adaptation of flight schedules is necessary in the presence of bad weather conditions. When major carriers outsource to independent regionals, conflicts over these adaptation decisions typically arise. Moreover, the urgency of needed adjustments requires that adaptation be informal and hence enforced relationally. Our model shows that for relational adaptation to be self-enforcing, the long-term value of the relationship between a major and a regional airline must be at least as large as the regional airline’s cost of adapting flight schedules across joint routes. Thus, when facing a negative economic shock, the major is more likely to preserve routes outsourced to regional airlines that have higher adaptation costs, and hence higher relationship value. We analyze the evolution of U.S. airline networks around the 2008 financial crisis, and we find that consistent with our predictions, routes outsourced to regional networks with worse average weather, and hence higher adaptation costs, were more likely to survive the shock. Keywords: Relational contracting, adaptation, airlines, outsourcing JEL codes: L14, L22, L24, L93 * -
Southwest Airlines Corporation: a Domestic Industry Analysis & Recommendation for Expansion
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Supervised Undergraduate Student Research Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects and Creative Work 5-2006 Southwest Airlines Corporation: A Domestic Industry Analysis & Recommendation for Expansion Joel LaSharon Thomas University of Tennessee-Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_chanhonoproj Part of the Marketing Commons Recommended Citation Thomas, Joel LaSharon, "Southwest Airlines Corporation: A Domestic Industry Analysis & Recommendation for Expansion" (2006). Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_chanhonoproj/1019 This is brought to you for free and open access by the Supervised Undergraduate Student Research and Creative Work at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Southwest Airlines Corporation: A Domestic Industry Analysis & Recommendation for Expansion Joel L. Thomas Chancellor's Honors Program University of Tennessee Senior Project May 2,2006 Joel L. Thomas Senior Honors Project Southwest Airlines May 2, 2006 2 Executive Summary After almost thirty years of service, Southwest Airlines has emerged as one of the world's premier airlines. The Southwest approach to business and the industry at large have enabled the company to continue to grow at profit in times of true economic downturn. Presently, the market for air carriers is saturated and highly fragmented. Overcapacity has led the major United States airlines to compete with Southwest's low fare pricing strategy. However, due to the company's brand image of efficient and effective low fare service, Southwest has been able to ward off its competitors (e.g. -
RESOURCE Air Travel 2001
RESOURCE SYSTEMS GROUP INCORPORATED Air Travel 2001 What do they tell us about the future of US air travel? An Industry Report by Resource Systems Group, Inc. December 2001 331 Olcott Drive, White River Junction, Vermont 05001 802.295.4999 www.rsginc.com www.surveycafe.com TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................................2 THE SURVEY SAMPLE ..............................................................................................................................2 TRIP CHARACTERISTICS..........................................................................................................................2 RESERVATIONS AND TICKETING............................................................................................................3 CHOICE OF TICKETING LOCATIONS ....................................................................................................3 SATISFACTION WITH TICKETING OPTIONS ........................................................................................4 TICKETING SEGMENTS .........................................................................................................................7 AIRPORTS ..................................................................................................................................................7 AIRLINE RANKINGS.................................................................................................................................12 -
Tracing Terrorists: the EU-Canada Agreement in PNR Matters
Tracing Terrorists: The EU-Canada Agreement in PNR Matters CEPS Special Report/September 2008 Revised version 17.11.2008 Peter Hobbing Abstract Enhancing border security in support of the global ‘war against terrorism’ is very much in vogue these days, in particular as regards the control of air passengers. Seven years after 9/11, this trend is yet unbroken. While the build-up of defences occurs in most cases at the one-sided expense of civil liberties, the EU-Canada Agreement of 2005 is different: quite justly, it holds the reputation of a well-balanced instrument respecting the interests of citizens. Still, instead of serving as a model for future instruments, the Agreement rather runs the risk of being scrapped at the next possible occasion. A close look at the passenger name record (PNR) ‘mainstream’, as embodied by the EU-US branch of transatlantic relations with four Agreements rapidly succeeding between 2004 and 2008, reveals the opposite tendency away from data protection and towards an unconditional tightening of controls. This report undertakes to examine the doubtful benefits of such an approach by assessing the price to pay inter alia for ‘false positive’ mismatches and other collateral damages, while the actual achievement of a higher degree of public security remains very much in the dark, mostly owing to the impossibility of making all borders 100% secure. As a result, no critical reason emerges for taking leave of the good practices established by the EU-Canada instrument. This work was prepared as part of the EU–Canada project – The Changing Landscape of Justice and Home Affairs Cooperation in the European Union and EU–Canada Relations – funded by the European Commission, Directorate-General for External Relations, Relations with the US and Canada. -
U.S. Department of Transportation Federal
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ORDER TRANSPORTATION JO 7340.2E FEDERAL AVIATION Effective Date: ADMINISTRATION July 24, 2014 Air Traffic Organization Policy Subject: Contractions Includes Change 1 dated 11/13/14 https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/atpubs/CNT/3-3.HTM A 3- Company Country Telephony Ltr AAA AVICON AVIATION CONSULTANTS & AGENTS PAKISTAN AAB ABELAG AVIATION BELGIUM ABG AAC ARMY AIR CORPS UNITED KINGDOM ARMYAIR AAD MANN AIR LTD (T/A AMBASSADOR) UNITED KINGDOM AMBASSADOR AAE EXPRESS AIR, INC. (PHOENIX, AZ) UNITED STATES ARIZONA AAF AIGLE AZUR FRANCE AIGLE AZUR AAG ATLANTIC FLIGHT TRAINING LTD. UNITED KINGDOM ATLANTIC AAH AEKO KULA, INC D/B/A ALOHA AIR CARGO (HONOLULU, UNITED STATES ALOHA HI) AAI AIR AURORA, INC. (SUGAR GROVE, IL) UNITED STATES BOREALIS AAJ ALFA AIRLINES CO., LTD SUDAN ALFA SUDAN AAK ALASKA ISLAND AIR, INC. (ANCHORAGE, AK) UNITED STATES ALASKA ISLAND AAL AMERICAN AIRLINES INC. UNITED STATES AMERICAN AAM AIM AIR REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA AIM AIR AAN AMSTERDAM AIRLINES B.V. NETHERLANDS AMSTEL AAO ADMINISTRACION AERONAUTICA INTERNACIONAL, S.A. MEXICO AEROINTER DE C.V. AAP ARABASCO AIR SERVICES SAUDI ARABIA ARABASCO AAQ ASIA ATLANTIC AIRLINES CO., LTD THAILAND ASIA ATLANTIC AAR ASIANA AIRLINES REPUBLIC OF KOREA ASIANA AAS ASKARI AVIATION (PVT) LTD PAKISTAN AL-AAS AAT AIR CENTRAL ASIA KYRGYZSTAN AAU AEROPA S.R.L. ITALY AAV ASTRO AIR INTERNATIONAL, INC. PHILIPPINES ASTRO-PHIL AAW AFRICAN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIBYA AFRIQIYAH AAX ADVANCE AVIATION CO., LTD THAILAND ADVANCE AVIATION AAY ALLEGIANT AIR, INC. (FRESNO, CA) UNITED STATES ALLEGIANT AAZ AEOLUS AIR LIMITED GAMBIA AEOLUS ABA AERO-BETA GMBH & CO., STUTTGART GERMANY AEROBETA ABB AFRICAN BUSINESS AND TRANSPORTATIONS DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF AFRICAN BUSINESS THE CONGO ABC ABC WORLD AIRWAYS GUIDE ABD AIR ATLANTA ICELANDIC ICELAND ATLANTA ABE ABAN AIR IRAN (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC ABAN OF) ABF SCANWINGS OY, FINLAND FINLAND SKYWINGS ABG ABAKAN-AVIA RUSSIAN FEDERATION ABAKAN-AVIA ABH HOKURIKU-KOUKUU CO., LTD JAPAN ABI ALBA-AIR AVIACION, S.L. -
Chapter 6 Airline Business Strategy
CHAPTER 6 AIRLINE BUSINESS STRATEGY Gui Lohmann and Bojana Spasojevic Airlines are notorious for providing lower returns on investment when compared with other corporations. As a result, airline executives implement business strategies aiming to obtain higher than normal financial returns. With the liberalisation process that airlines have enjoyed around the world, some carriers have been quite creative in fostering new approaches in terms of their business models, product differentiation and cost reduction. In addition, because of the international multiple-business related nature of airline operations (which includes aircraft manufacturers and maintenance, distribution channels, and airport logistics), these characteristics make airline strategic management a very complex exercise. A number of approaches have been used to explain strategic issues related to airlines. One of them is Shaw’s (2011) application of Porter's classic Five Forces model to the airline industry, a framework for analysing competitive forces, for instance, rivalry, substitution, new entry, power of customers, and power of suppliers. Scholars have also focused their attention on analysing airline strategic decisions relating to a number of managerial issues, with a particular emphasis on mergers and alliances (Gudmundsson and Lechner, 2011; Iatrou and Oretti, 2016). This chapter is structured into four main sections. The first one provides some generic strategies. The second section focuses on airline differentiation strategies and niche products, mainly charter and leisure carriers. The third section tackles growth strategies, examining the four distinct strategies proposed by Ansoff’s Matrix: market penetration, product development, market development and diversification. The fourth section considers different strategic growth methods, including organic growth, mergers and acquisitions, industry cooperation, franchising.