Missouri Historical Review
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Historiostl ZR,evie*w BOYS and GIRLS! Tlbu can helpyour Uncle Sam Win the War Save jyour Quarters Buy War Savings Stamps The State Historical Society of Missouri COLUMBIA, MISSOURI HgisiSllill^ The front cover illustration is one of artist-author M James Montgomery Flagg's World War I patriotic posters, g] Flagg, born in 1877, studied at the Art Students League M in New York and at Herkomer's Art School in Bushey, M England; he later studied with Victor Marec of Paris. An illustrator for various magazines including St. Nicholas Magazine, Judge and Life, Flagg's portrait paintings were exhibited at the Paris Salon and the National Academy of Design. He prepared patriotic posters during both World Wars. His writings include the books: Yankee Girls Abroad, Why They Married, City People and the autobiographical H Roses and Buckshot. Flagg died on May 27, 1960. || Flagg's poster is one of many varied items in the So- M ciety's latest gallery and corridor exhibition entitled, "Con- [§] flict: Men, Events and Artists." Among the artists and || lithographers included in the exhibition are: George Caleb jS Bingham, Thomas Hart Benton, Daniel R. Fitzpatrick, S. J. H Ray, George Wilhelm Fasel, Louis Kurz, Alexander Allison, g| Gladys Wheat and William Knox. Paintings, lithographs, B posters and drawings are some of the items constituting SI the exhibit. "Conflict: Men, Events and Artists" can be n viewed Monday through Friday, 8:00 a.m.-4:30 p.m. M m MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW Published Quarterly by THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI COLUMBIA, MISSOURI RICHARD S. BROWNLEE EDITOR DOROTHY CALDWELL ASSOCIATE EDITOR JAMES W. GOODRICH ASSOCIATE EDITOR The MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW is owned by the State Historical Society of Missouri and is published quarterly at 201 South Eighth Street, Columbia, Missouri 65201. Send communi cations, business and editorial correspondence and change of address to The State Historical Society of Missouri, Corner of Hitt and Lowry Streets, Columbia, Missouri 65201. Second class postage is paid at Columbia, Missouri. The REVIEW is sent free to all members of The State Historical Society of Missouri. Membership dues in the Society are $2.00 a VOLUME LXVI year or $40 for an individual life membership. The Society assumes no responsibility for statements made by contributors to the magazine. NUMBER 1 OCTOBER 1971 THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI The State Historical Society of Missouri, heretofore organized under the laws of the State, shall be the trustee of this State—Laws of Missouri, 1899, R.S. of Mo., 1959, Chapter 183. OFFICERS 1968-71 T. BALLARD WAITERS, Marshfield, President L. E. MEADOR, Springfield, First Vice President LEWIS E. ATHERTON, Columbia, Second Vice President RUSSELL V. DYE, Liberty, Third Vice President JACK STAPLETON, SR., Stanberry, Fourth Vice President MRS. AVIS TUCKER, Warrensburg, Fifth Vice President REV. JOHN F. BANNON, S.J., St. Louis, Sixth Vice President ALBERT M. PRICE, Columbia, Treasurer FLOYD C. SHOEMAKER, Columbia, Secretary Emeritus and Consultant RICHARD S. BROWNLEE, Columbia, Director, Secretary and Librarian TRUSTEES Permanent Trustees, Former Presidents of the Society RUSH H. LIMBAUGH, Cape Girardeau LEO J. ROZIER, Perryville GEORGE A. ROZIER, Jefferson City E. E. SWAIN, Kirksville ROY D. WILLIAMS, Boonville Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1971 LEWIS E. ATHERTON, Columbia R. I. COLBORN, Paris ROBERT A. BOWLING, Montgomery City RICHARD B. FOWLER, Kansas City FRANK P. BRIGGS, Macon VICTOR A. GIERKE, Louisiana HENRY A. BUNDSCHU, Independence * ROBERT NAGEL JONES, St. Louis Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1972 GEORGE MCCUE, St. Louis RONALD L. SOMERVILLE, Chillicothe L. E. MEADOR, Springfield JACK STAPLETON, SR., Stanberry W. WALLACE SMITH, Independence HENRY C. THOMPSON, Bonne Terre ROBERT M. WHITE, Mexico Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1973 WILLIAM AULL, III, Lexington * GEORGE FULLER GREEN, Kansas City WILLIAM R. DENSLOW, Trenton * GEORGE H. SCRUTON, Sedalia ELMER ELLIS, Columbia JAMES TODD, Moberly ALFRED O. FUERBRINGER, St. Louis T. BALLARD WAITERS, Marshfield EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE The twenty-nine Trustees, the President and the Secretary of the Society, the Governor, Secretary of State, State Treasurer, and President of the University of Missouri constitute the Executive Committee. FINANCE COMMITTEE Four members of the Executive Committee appointed by the President, who by virtue of his office constitutes the fifth member, compose the Finance Committee. ELMER ELLIS, Columbia, Chairman WILLIAM R. DENSLOW, Trenton LEO J. ROZIER, Perryville GEORGE A. ROZIER, Jefferson City T. BALLARD WAITERS, Marshfield *Deceased w m ® m m ® ® ® ® m m fflj^ristmag dttfte The giving of gift memberships in the State Historical Society, which S includes a subscription to the MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW, has come to be an established part of Christmas with many members of the Society. The Society invites you to give this distinguished Christmas gift. The gift membership serves a multiple purpose. It extends interest in Missouri's proud history, adds members to the Society, expands the jg m influence of the REVIEW, and provides the recipient with an esteemed B magazine rich in facts about Missouri and Missourians, which conveys " pleasure throughout the entire year. With each membership which you designate as a Christmas gift, the Society will send a card to the recipient. The card will give your name as the donor of the Christmas gift membership. Please send names and H addresses for membership to: THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY ** OF MISSOURI, HITT AND LOWRY STREETS, COLUMBIA, MIS SOURI 65201, on or before December 15, with enclosed check. Annual membership dues are $2.00. CONTENTS SENATOR LEWIS F. LINN AND THE OREGON QUESTION. By Michael B. Husband 1 MISSOURI'S UTOPIAN COMMUNITIES. By H. Roger Grant 20 THE MILITARY CAREER OF JAMES CRAIG. By Paul M. Robinett and Howard V. Canan 49 MISSOURI'S NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARKS: PATEE HOUSE. By Dorothy J. Caldwell 76 THE LONDON Times AND THE ST. LOUIS WORLD'S FAIR. By Lawrence F. Barmann 93 HISTORICAL NOTES AND COMMENTS Missouri Commemorates 150th Birthday 101 Errata 101 Views from the Past: Missouri Mills 102-103 Editorial Policy 104 News in Brief 105 Local Historical Societies 109 Gifts 125 Missouri History in Newspapers 133 Missouri History in Magazines 138 In Memoriam 141 BOOK REVIEWS 145 BOOK NOTES 150 A LEGEND OF WILD MOSS MILL. By High P. Williamson 153 EDNA GELLHORN Inside Back Cover Senator Lewis F. Linn and The Oregon Question BY MICHAEL B. HUSBAND* As the American expansionist compulsion manifested itself in an Oregon occupation movement in the years between 1820 and 1846, a few members of Congress who recognized the value of that far land raised their voices on behalf of an aggressive American policy. In the study of the federal relations of Oregon, two mem bers of Congress stand out most prominently. John Floyd, a mem- * Michael B. Husband is an assistant professor of History at Morningside College, Sioux City, Iowa. He received the B.A. degree from Ft. Lewis College, Durango, Colorado, the M.A. degree from the University of Nebraska, Omaha, and the Ph.D. degree from the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque. 2 Missouri Historical Review ber of the House of Representatives from Virginia, led the Oregon agitation from 1820 to 1829, when he retired from active participa tion in national politics and turned his attention to the affairs of Virginia. Senator Lewis Fields Linn of Missouri carried the banner of the Oregon crusade in Congress from 1837 until his death in 1843. The fact that Linn was a Missourian is perhaps enough to explain his expansionist activities. General William H. Ashley's fur trading expeditions into the Rocky Mountains had started from St. Louis and beginning in the 1840s, St. Louis and Independence, were the rendezvous and "jumping-off' points for many migrations of California- and Oregon-bound pioneers. Linn was greatly in fluenced by his senior colleague from Missouri, Senator Thomas Hart Benton, a zealous supporter of western interests and an ardent advocate of westward expansion and the American occupation of Oregon. Many of Missouri's prominent families including the Ap- plegates, the Burnetts, the Waldos and the Fords, provided Oregon with her leading citizens, and thus General E. L. Applegate's as sertion that "Missourians started the ball rolling" in the settlement of Oregon merits serious consideration.1 To many the Willamette Valley of Oregon appeared to be almost entirely a Missouri settle ment, and Senator Linn was to become the personification of Mis souri's "Oregon fever" spirit. Linn was born of pioneer stock, and he remained in close touch with the spirit of the westward movement and with the visions of his many supporters in the western states. His ancestors emigrated from Pennsylvania to Kentucky soon after the American Revolution and settled near Louisville, where Linn was born on November 5, 1795. His mother, Ann Hunter Linn, had been married to Israel Dodge before she became the wife of Asael Linn, and by this former union one son, Henry Dodge, was born. Dodge became an army officer, sheriff of Ste. Genevieve County, Missouri, one of the forty-one framers of Missouri's first constitution in 1820, governor of Wisconsin Territory, and a United States senator from Wisconsin. His son, Augustus C. Dodge, later served as United States senator from Iowa.2 i General E. L. Applegate, "Occasional Address," Transactions of the Sixteenth Annual Reunion of the Oregon Pioneer Association For 1888 (Port land, 1889), 31. 2 Biographical information obtained primarily from Mrs. Elizabeth A. Linn and G. B. Sargent, The Life and Public Services of Dr. Lewis F. Linn (New York, 1857) . Senator Lewis F. Linn and the Oregon Question 3 Young Linn was orphaned at age twelve, and Henry Dodge of Ste. Genevieve assumed the responsibilities of guardian and guide to his half-brother.