December 1, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38023 Whitaker, William Drake Wilson, Robert Lawrence Young, Stephen Grant White, Donald Clark Wlltamuth, Richard Ernest Zmorzenski, Frank Peter Whitely, John Epes, Jr. Winn, Robert Monte Zolman, Richard Ward Whftley, Wllliam Robert Wishart, Thomas Tinker The following named women officers of the Whitney, Richard MerrUl, Jr. Wolfe, James Bryant U.S. Navy, for permanen·t promotion to the Wicklund, Robert Montgomery Woltersdorf, Leonard Oscar grade of commander in the line subject to Wigfall, George H., Jr. Womack, Thomas Folts qualification therefor as provided by law: Wilcox, Mack Rudolph Wood, James Erastus, III Botzum, Diane Wilcox, Wayland Edward Woodard, John Sanford Coye, Beth Frances Wilder, Wallace Gene Woodford, Duval Sterling Delarot, Anna Marie Wileen, Gordon Charles Worthington, George Rhodes Derrough, Lois Albertine Wllgenbusch, Ronald Charles Worthington, James T., II Hazard, Roberta Louise Wilkes, Gilbert Vanburen, III Wright, George Frederick Hurlbut, Bonny Aloha Wilkinson, Robert Bailey, Jr. Wright, Hendon 0. James, Mary Catherine Willenbucher, Marshall R. Wright, Lindell Wayne Lee, Linda Marie Williams, David Arthur Wyckoff, Roger David Nyce, Barbara Regina Williams, Douglas Allan Wynn, Hugh John Richardson, Linda Pond WUliams, Hugh Thomas Wyttenbach, Richard Harring Underwood, Shirley Joa.n Williams, Windell Vance Yakubek, Paul Marsik Weber, Joyce Ann Williamson, Mark Humphrey Yarborough, Jerry Olin W1111ams, Barbara Mary Willimon, Henry Jack, Jr. Yeske, Lanny Alan Willoz, Clifford Paul, Jr. Yeutter. Phillip Eugene Executive nomination received by the Willsey, John Michael York, Milton Ward Senate on December 1, 1975: Wilmot, Frederick Eugene Wilson, Ashley Vannorden York, Thomas Andrew, Jr. SUPREME COURT OF THE UNrrED STATES Wilson, James Alexander, Jr. Youmans, Richard Walter John Paul Stevens, of Illinois, to be an Wilson, James Russell Young, Charles Thomas Associate Justice of the Supreme Court ot Wilson, Laurence Woodford Young, John Rawstron the United States, vice William 0. Douglas, Wilson, Robert James Young, Richard Keith retired.
EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS C. HOWARD HARDESTY, JR., RE The dogmas of the quiet past are inade of us, seeking one most appropriate. I quate to the stormy present. The occasion is thought of the readjustments which we SPONSIDLE INDUSTRY LEADER, piled high with difficulty and we must rise and our children are making in a rapidly PRESENTS WELL-REASONED AD with the occasion. changing world. I thought of the eroding DRESS ON ECONOMY AND RE As our case is new, so we must think anew, public confidence in business, 1h govern LATED PROBLEMS and act anew. We must disenthrall ourselves, ment, in the Church, and, in fact, in all and then we shall save our country. institutions around the world. "To dwell upon the portents of doom," said Newsweek, HON. JENNINGS RANDOLPH Mr. Hardesty spoke these words: "has become fashionable." The magazine OF WEST VIRGINIA When a nation despairs about the present coined a. term for doomsaying-"Apocalypse and yearns to go back to the past, our mo Chic"-and I nearly fell into it. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES ment of truth is running out. This month, U.S. News & World Report Monday, December 1, 1975 interviewed people in all walks of life across Mr. President, I ask unanimous con the nation. What those people are saying Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. President, re sent to include the address "Self-Interest speaks for many: cently in his native home city of Fair and Civic Virtue," in the RECORD. "The system's not working." mont, W.Va., C. Howard Hardesty, Jr., There being no objection, the address "Our country has been wrong on several delivered a well-reasoned speech at the was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, scores." annual Rotary Club dinner. as follows: "The country needs a good shaking up." "I wonder if private enterprise can sur During the Senate recess I have been SELF-INTEREST AND CIVIC VmTUE vive." privileged to read and reread the opin (By C. Howard Hardesty, Jr.•) "Where can we turn for help?" ions, convictions, and judgments of this One of the many rewards in coming home These representative feelings make it a mountaineer whose challenging career to a dialogue with friends is the opportu real temptation to look in some other di has been characterized by personal nity to take a subject we're not too com rection. That many are doing just that was achievement, corporate responsibility, fortable with, probe a bit, and look on the pointed out by Energy Administrator Frank and public service. rough as well as the smooth side. Zarb. "Broadway musicals and some Holly Mr. President. it is my belief that dur My working life has not involved assign wood movies," he said, "have profited from ing our Bicentennial year, Americans ments that were blessed with popularity. the public's longing for an uncomplicated Service as state tax commissioner charged past." generally should assess and review the with instituting a new and unpopular per Recently I saw the Broadway musical strengths and the shortfalls of our na sonal income tax and property reappraisal Shenandoah. That show, you may recall, is tional and individual heritage. system is a rough road to public endear about a proud Virginia farmer who refuses But, Mr. Hardesty correctly calls us ment. My role as coal industry spokesman to send his sons ofl' to die in the Civil War to the realities of the 200th year of on such issues as mine subsidence, acid mine because of his strong convictions of right American independence. He faces the water and strip mining-subjects which are and wrong. Though tragedy strikes, the story facts and with forthright words said: not without controversy and legitimate pub is a triumph of convictions. You come out lic concern-created confrontations at every feeling, "Oh, if we could only return to and If we are to lead we must shed resistance turn. Nor have I found any refuge in the hold on to the clear-cut values of yesterday." as a frame of reference and bring to our broader energy field. 011 sp1lls, automotive So, if we don't stumble into the Apocalypse problems with Government and the public emissions, offshore drilling, rising prices, ob trap, the nostalgia trap is there waiting for the same spirit of progress and innovation scene profits, and energy shortages have us. business routinely applies to its problems. We engendered strong adversary feelings and When a nation despairs about the present must openly reflect a willingness to work dominated headlines and prime time. Per and yearns to go back to the past, our mo with interested parties to sensibly manage haps one of these days I'll find a role not ment of truth is running out. 'I'o face truth, change. filled with controversy. Secretly I hope not you don't need to be a pessimist or an opti I recall the words of Thomas Jefferson: because then the challenge of problem-solv mist, but just a realist. So, I'll try and As new discoveries are made, new truths ing and resultant progress would be missing. steer clear of doomsaying and daydreaming, discovered, and manners and opinions change In planning my remarks, I reflected on and seek to realistically probe the problem of with the change in circumstances, institu the many national issues which concern all disaffection With the American system. tions must advance also and keep pace with Maybe we can think of some ideas for the times. turning around America's flagging faith in *Vice Chairman, Continental Oil Com Itself, its institutions ... and in the process And we are strengthened by the words pany. Remarks to Fairmont Annual Rotary exchange some ideas on a subject with which of Abraham Lincoln at a later period of Club Dinner, Fairmont, West Virginia, I live everyday: America's energy future and crisis when he declared: October 28, 1975. its impact on our lives. 38024 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 1, 1975
Henry Grunwald, Managing Editor of leum product prices will not cause double other hand, as an executive for about six Time, in a recent essay concluded, "Freedom, digit infiation, or retard economic recovery. years in each industry, I have witnessed the like the Declaration of Independence itself, Talk about $1 per gallon gasoline prices by synergistic effect of merging two taJented is not a gift but a permanent demand on us the end of 1975 is political nonsense. Decon groups. The association of Conoco and Con to keep giving. Perhaps in our minds we trol and removal of tariffs would result in an solidation Coal Company has worked in the need to insert in the Declaration some words increase of only 3-4 cents per gallon. In my public interest through greatly expanded re like these, •... that all men are endowed by opinion, these increases would not take search, advancements in production meth their Creator with certain inescapable du place immediately because of competitive ods and safety techniques, and a broader ties .. .'" market forces. The world wm not come to an capital base on which to build for the future. Grunwald postulated three dangers to the end as a result of increased prices for energy. It has been exciting to witness a case where great American promise which we envisioned McGraw-Hill finds that, in a typical year, 2+2=5. in the Declaration of Independence. First, consumers spend as much on tobacco, toilet Eighth: The international or foreign ef there has been a decline of our belief in articles, and toys (in total) as they spend forts of the oil companies should not be dis place" as a determinant of supply and on gasoline and oil; and they spend 12 per couraged. Oil is a world commodity. The dis ingly substituted emotion for reason. We cent more for alcoholic beverages than they covery of each new barrel, particularly in have glorified feeling over thought, desire spend for electricity and gas. So there is non-OPEC countries, provides continuing over reflection, violence over politics, and ample :flexibility in the average consumer's downward pressure on prices. As a nation we instant satisfaction over anything else. A budget to maintain energy consumption at will continue to rely on offshore sources for second threat lies in the present interpreta higher prices if he chooses to do so. at least one-third of our petroleum require tion of "all men are created equal," an es Fourth: We must recognize that total U.S. ments. Therefore, we should stimulate this sential cornerstone of any just society, but energy independence is not attainable within activity rather than discourage it by .tax the desire to achieve that goal instantly re the next decade. There are many things we measures which make U.S. industry non sults in the disappearance of incentives to can do to achieve an acceptable level of in competitive. It is to the advantage of all create the very capital and income that we dependence. How close we get to it depends Americans to have their companies strategi work so hard to redistribute. on several factors: cally positioned in the world energy fields. However, the threat to the American a. Will we reach an inte111gent compromise Ninth: With sensible planning, national promise that I, as a businessman, want to between our environmental desires and en economic growth need not stagnate for lack dwell on involves a conflict over the true ergy needs? In volved are such burning issues of energy. meaning of "self-interest." Author-Editor as offshore oil and gas exploration, leasing Why are we not engaging in sensible plan Irving Kristol has pointed out that the of western coal lands, surface mining legis ning? Is pursuit of self-interest at the ex founders' basic idea was that the pursuit of lation, nuclear power plant sitings, and pol pense of common good an accurate answer? every man's "self-interest" was the most re lution regulations for autos and stationary Let me enumerate a few of the special in liable motivation-a constant driving force sources. We cannot adequately increase do terest groups which have answered them to build a political system provided it was mestic supplies of energy and maintain an selves to the energy crisis and its many rightly understood. The concept requires a uncompromising attitude on all environ ramifications: "civic virtue" which means a willingness to mental issues. Big and little businesses that seize upon suspend, or redirect, the pursuit of self-in b. Will be turn from our present "burn it confusion and rapid change to increase terest at a point where it would not serve up" way of life to one in which all Americans profits for personal gain rather than public the common good. It is this "civic virtue" diligently strive to use all forms of energy good. the right balance between self-interest and more efficiently? I'm not talking about our Politicians who see an important compli common good-that seems to h ave eluded present half-hearted efforts. I'm t alking cated issue which in simplest terms can be our grasp as we enter the bicentennial. about major changes in our style of life as ridden to national prominence-if not the There is evidence all around us of the we run our businesses, build our homes, Presidency. growing numbers fighting for their imme factories and offices, and move from place Consumer groups who can use the era of diate purposes and gains without regard to place. rising prices and infiation to create vast fed for the impact on or the broader goals of c. Will industry and government continue eral bureaucracies to replace the "market society: as adversaries, or will they at last join as place" as a determinant of supply and The certain bankruptcy of New York where cooperating partners in an effort to formulate demand. special interest groups have pursued their and implement a sound national energy Opponents of the American economic sys demands without regard to their destructive policy? tem who seize upon a variety of world events impact on the whole fabric of the City. Fifth: There is a capital shortage in the to argue that only big government can shep The circumventing of ethical standards energy sector. If this nation is to move toward herd us through these troubled t imes. and laws by representatives of business in self-sufficiency, it must double its annual Environmentatllsts who use this period of search of some special advantage. expenditures for energy. While there is no uncertainty to condemn all atomic power, all The abdication by leaders in all walks of dispute about the need to increase the pace offshore drilling, all surface mining, and all life of accepted long-term public needs for of our energy effort, Congress continues to growth. the short term political expediency. move in a counterproductive way of increas Protectionists who would cripple trade be The special interest groups which pursue ing taxes and holding prices at a level which tween nations and the multinational com their laudable goal of a perfect world with restricts cash :flow needed for investment. pany in the vain belief that we can survive ill out regard to impact on other important The public is being deceived by those who isolation from the rest of the world. segments of society. wave a banner of low prices without spelling Such forces, by their loud voices and Let me be more specific by applying my out the real cost of future energy shortages. sensationalism, have buried the efforts of concerns over the pursuit of single-minded Sixth: We have learned little from the sincere dedicated groups which seek to self-interest to the U.S. energy picture as it 1973 oil embargo. As each day passes we are fulfill their responsibilities-pursue their is unfolding today. Our national energy becoming increasingly dependent on the self-interests-in a way that reflects civic posture continues to deteriorate. There are Middle East. Domestic production has de virtue and serves the public interest. If you certain basic truths about energy that can clined and imports from that part of the accept this premise, what then are our not be ignored: world have increased. Our only offset to this "inescapable duties?" First: There need not be a.n overall short trend-and the only price bargaining tool I wlli not waste your time by pontificating age of energy in the next decade. On a. world we have-is to step up production of domestic about what others should do. Permit me to wide basis there are adequate supplies of resources. Coal is the strongest card in our admonish my field of endeavor and list a energy materials. If there is a shortage, it hand. U.S. coal reserves can provide more few things that business must do if it is to will be of our making due to political fac energy than all known Middle East on re survive. tors, national and international, and our serves and they constitute an energy equiv First: Business must convince you-the failure to develop a national energy policy. alent 15 times greater than our oil reserves. public-that it has the abillty and the de To be sure, there will be shortages of par For the longer term, research and demonstra sire to effectively move the nation forward ticular fuels, such as natural gas, but the tion fac111tles in oil shale, solar, geothermal 1n a manner benefiting society as a whole. impact of such shortages can be minimized and other exotic sources must be pursued at It must, by its actions, convince you that by planning and prudent action. a. greatly accelerated pace. Uncertainty and it is an open, viable force for the common Second: There wlll be no return to wonder- an absence of direction slow the pace. good and that it is the most e:fiectlve and ful, nostalgically remembered low prices for Seventh: Oil and coal do mix to the ad efficient tool we have to achieve our goals. energy which we enjoyed just a. few years vantage of the consumer. There 1s a.n under What does this imply? It does not mean ago. OPEC will not break up. World oU prices standable concern over the question of that we forsake the profit motive. Now more will move upward with general infiation. whether an on producer should also be per than ever before profits are needed to keep There will be no major price increases such mitted to produce coal. In my opinion, com the system working, expand capacity, pro as we witnessed after the embargo in 1973. petition and production have been stimulated vide more jobs and raise standards of living. There will be minor fluctuations of crude by the association of the two industries. Be Unless you want government to perform prices around Gulf marker crudes to adjust cause of low degrees of concentration and the the same job, by fueling itself with ever in for quality differentials and transportation highly competitive nature of both industries, creasing tax burdens, the American eco cos13. no company can play one fuel against an nomic system--envied and copied by the Third: Decontrol of crude oil and petro- other and affect prices in any way. On the rest of the world-must be permitted to pros- December 1, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38025 per and attract your investments. There is the capacity to lead all interested parties area of reducing the risk of war. His work no question that a vast educational effort in this direction. If successful, the current has been highly instrumental in analyzing is needed before my expressions are widely national malaise could be replaced by an ways to protect against (1) accidental or un understood and accepted. All of us should eagerness for a future we know will be bet authorized use of nuclear weapons, (2) how participate in the process. ter than the past-and that is what the nations negotiate, and (3) the adequacy of However, the role of leadership does clearly American promise is all about. strategy of nuclear deterrence. I can person imply that business approach today's chal ally say that the Director has made distin lenges in a different way. It must evaluate guished contributions to my Subcommittee and handle its relations with the public and and the entire Congress. Because of his dedi with government in the same way that it ap FOR PEACE: SHOULD WE ABOLISH cation, competence, and his fortitude in deal proaches its internal business problems ing with some of the most crucial issues • openly, frankly and with a genuine willing THE MILITARY OR THE DIPLOMATS? facing the U.S. today, this nation and the ness to innovate, adjust to, and propose world have been made safer and more peace change. Because of the concern, it not fear, ful. that we are drifting away from principles HON. CLEMENT J. ZABLOCKI Specifically, I particularly refer to the is that have made this country great, business OF WISCONSIN sues of Chemical and biological warfare, nego urges status quo and resists change. A IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tiations on SALT, and more recently, dealing legitimate fear of creeping socialism casts with the problem of an ever-growing spread the supporter of free enterprise and the Monday, December 1, 1975 of nuclear weapons. marketplace as an opponent of change. We It is my distinct privilege and honor to are thus cast in a reactionary imag&-as "do Mr. ZABLOCKI. Mr. Speaker, it was present to you, my friend and the friend of all nothing" capitalists who have scant regard my distinct pleasure and honor to par who seek peace, Dr. Fred C. Ikle. for the masses. When regulations are op ticipate on Monday, November 24, 197.5, posed, rarely do we distinguish between in a program sponsored by the Univer FOR PEACE: SHOULD WE ABOLISH THE needed or unneeded regulations, between sity of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Institute of Mn.ITARY OR THE DIPLOMATS? workable or unworkable laws, between Keeping peace in the world today is a fear World Affairs at which the Honorable ful and complicated business, and I would policies the nation can afford and those it Fred C. Ickle, Director of the Arms Con can't. All too frequently I hear the astute like to tell you about some of the difficulties businessman say: "Some changes are needed, trol and Disarmament Agency, was the we face. but if we make any concessions the door main speaker. We seem surrounded by paradoxes: We is open to destroy us." While conceding there have been "frus buy expensive weapons that will serve their Yet day in and day out we spend most trations and delays" in negotiating arms purpose only if they are never used. We make of our time making changes in our businesses control agreements, Dr. Ikle argued that agreements to reduce certain arms at the as we try to improve a process, increase ef much can be done for arms control with very time that we are inventing new ones ficiency, innovate, improve quality, enhance that might take their place. Our diplomats productivity, clear lines of communication, out formal agreements. He recommended work long and hard over the fine details of and visualize those changes which will make steps "to make the balance of mutual some arms control treaty, yet the treaty our activities a model for others to follow. deterrence less dangerous." Deterrence, covers only a fraction of the arms that fill Unfortunately, our public pronouncements Dr. Ikle explained, has serious problems: the world. do not reflect this vision, or our willingness First. Because it is based "entirely on No wonder we are tempted to simplify: to bring about change resulting in common theoretical hypotheses . . . we can never Why get enmeshed in all the subtleties and good-"civic virtue" if you will. We are seeming contradictions? Why not get rid of let our assumptions-our calculations the negotiators and simply rely on our mili afraid of the political processes and run be tested." Second. It is constantly be from them rather than roll up our sleeves and tary forces to prevent war and defend our work to make established processes intel ing disrupted by advances in science and freedoms? Remember the old Latin saying, ligently responsive to needs of all. technology. Third. It can't prevent acci "If you seek peace, prepare for war"? Thus, if we are to lead we must shed re dental outbreak of war. And fourth, it Or, maybe we should do the opposite. sistance as a frame of reference and bring doesn't deal with the worldwide spread "Armaments lead to war"-that's another to our problems with government and the of nuclear weapons. saying--so why don't we get rid of their hor public the same spirit of progress and inno The relevance of Dr. Ikle's remarks on rible weapons of mass destruction and pre vation business routinely applies to its busi that occas-ion was more than reflected serve peace by diplomacy? ness problems. We must openly reflect a In fact, diplomacy and military strength in the warm and enthusiastic response must, and always have had to work hand-in willingness to work with all interested parties provided by the Milwaukee audience. to sensibly manage change. If others per hand. Benjamin Franklin's diplomacy in ceive us as a moving, rather than a resisting However, the .far-reaching significance Paris was just as important as the American force, I think they will join and work with of his comments deserve wider circula army when it came to saving the new Ameri business leadership and earnestly seek to bal tion. I am therefore pleased to insert can republic. ance self-interest with public good. Only in his remarks and my introduction of Dr. The nuclear age has not changed the na this way can we reverse the negative atti Ikle at the Institute of World Affairs in ture of man or the wish for simple solu tudes toward business. the RECORD at this point and recommend tions; but it has changed the nature of war. Second: Business must remove that grow And this makes the link between diplomacy his views to the full and careful reading and military power more critical than ever ing concern you have about our ethics and of my colleagues and the general public. our morality. When Lou Harris says that before. Nuclear weapons are so destructive only 16% of the public has a high degree of The introduction and comments fol that no country can defend itself against confidence in business he is reflecting your low: a major attack. And nuclear war would be proper reactions to the headline disclosures INTRODUCTORY SPEECH so awful, so unpredictable, that it can't of 1llegal political contributions, questionable (By Hon. Clement J. Zablocki) possibly be a way for nations to achieve their dealings with foreign governments and con It is always a privilege and pleasure to purposes. Our nuclear missiles and subma flicts of interest. I have lived in the arena participate in programs conducted by the rines exist not to Win wars but to avert of dealing with governments worldwide, and University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Insti them-not to repel attack, but to deter it. I sincerely believe that violations constitute tute of World Affairs. Tonight it is a per Our policy must fit the fact that today the exception. I know they are not the rule. sonal privilege and special honor to introduce we can no longer protect ourselves by mill As a guideline, for years our company has to you-the distinguished Director of the tary strength alone. Arms policy has to seek sought profit with decency. Just this past Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, Hon. out and build on the self-interest of adver weekend, it was my pleasure to attend the Fred c. Ickle. saries, to make sure they will never use nu inauguration of the chair at the Harvard As Chairman of the House of Representa clear bombs and missiles. In short, nations School of Business dedicated to our former tives' International Relations Subcommittee must learn arms control. board chairman John McLean. The principal having prime oversight responsibilities for Arms control is vital to make the balance thrust of the McLean chair will be im the Agency and its activities, I have had of mutual deterrence less dangerous-and it provement and perpetuation of the highest frequent interactions over the past few years is our only chance to move beyond this grim standards of ethical conduct in business. Our with Dr. Ikle. I therefore feel particularly confrontation, this tense, brutal interlock management spo~ored the chair and is qualified to commend his distinguished career that makes Americans and Russians hos committed to this goal. We cannot tolerate and his contributions toward achieving the tages to each other. less and assume a roll of leadership. ultimate goal of the United States-that of Let me talk for a few minutes about some In closing, I wonder if I could ha. ve said all providing for "a world free from the scourge problems of deterrence-five of them, in fact. of this ln just a few words. The Declaration of war and the dangers and burdens of arma First: Nuclear strategy is based entirely of Independence imposes certain inescapable ments." on theoretical hypotheses. We can never let duties. The performance of these duties re Dr. Ikle was appointed Director of the Arms our assumptions--our calculations-be quires all of us to pursue self-interest in a Control and Disarmament Agency in July, tested. Indeed, some recent studies sugges~ manner that reflects civic virtue and achieves 1973. Prior to that, he was known primarily that the effects from large numbers of nu common good. Properly oriented, business has for his research study and writing in the clear explosions are largely unknowable- 38026 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 1, 197.5 what they would do worldwide to climate ing ways to tell if all parties are living up help avoid misunderstandings about what and to crops, let alone to people. to the terms. each side can expect from the other. Second: Deterrence depends on having In fact, verification has three purposes: But we and other nuclear powers should mllitary forces that can survive an attack First, it provides evidence that violations not confine arms control efforts to formal and strike back. The problem is that today's may have occurred-a warning of possible agreements. There is much we can do in the science and weapon technology have such cheating that might threaten our security. management of our own forces to reduce the momentum that they are constantly chang Second, verification helps to deter viola danger of nuclear catastrophe. ing the survival conditions for deterrent tions, because it increases the risk of being First, the designers of our strategic arma forces. At one turn, new technology upsets found out and it complicates any schemes ments have to do a better job. Today, our the balance by creating some deadly new for cheating. deterrent forces depend far too much on weapon that makes deterrent forces more Finally, verification helps build confidence arms that have to be used quickly lest they vulnerable-the invention of multiple war in arms control, by showing the parties are be destroyed-"use them or lose them," as heads for intercontinental missiles--MIRVs really 11 vlng up to it. So it encourages trust some military men have described the situa for example. At another turn, technology and helps the climate for further progress. tion. But this dilemma of "use them or lose may come up with a way to make deterrent But like deterrence, verification Is no them" is just what could push the world, forces more survivable; for example, the mis simple matter either. It has technical and in time of an acute crisis, over the precipice. sile carrying submarine that can hide in the political complications. We now depend on alert missile forces, in oceans. Deterrence is at the mercy of tech For one thing, verification must often in stantly ready, day and night, year after year, nology. volve secrecy and advanced intelligence tech controlled by fragile and far-flung command A third problem of deterrence is in the niques. The deterrent value of verification links. But this structure is so complex that concept of "retaliation" itself. If a nuclear may be based on the fact that a possible nobody can check out all the places where attack should ever occur, what purpose would violator does not know precisely how he human or technical error might cause dis be served by destroying the cities of the na is being checked. aster. We must not let the fate of our na tion which launched the attack? What would Furthermore, verification is not a simple tion, the fate of the world, depend for the be accomplished, at that point, by killlng question of black and white, as many sup indefinite future on such a dangerous con and maiming millions of men, women and pose. It often depends on delicate judgments traption. With all our brains and resources, children who had no part in the decision based on a great deal of different kinds of we should be able to devise deterrent forces to attack? Is such retaliation a rational re information. How well a certain agreement that can ride out an attack, and so avoid any sponse to a limited nuclear attack? For ex can be verified may depend on the kind of need for hair-trigger response. ample, an attack against some of our mili restrictions and kind of weapons involved. Tliere is a second front where we can move tary forces overseas? And 1f it doesn't seem For example, a total ban Is generally easier ahead without waiting for agreements; pay rational, can we count on it to deter the to verify than a limit on the number of more attention to the human implications of enemy? Our government has come to recog weapons allowed. If mobile missiles were nuclear arms. The horror of Hiroshima and nize this fundamental problem and it has banned, seeing even a single one would be Nagasaki was once vivid for the world, but taken steps during the last few years to see enough to show the ban was violated. But it has long since faded from our minds. Too that our forces have a broad range of choices it would be much harder to determine if a many people have lost the sense of propor for responding to nuclear attack. This gives llmlt on numbers were violated; one would tion as to what is needed--.and what is us a more credible deterrent against all levels have to find and count all of them--or at mot'lally justified-to deter nuclear agres of aggression. least up to the limit and just beyond. sion. To have effective deterrence we need A fourth problem-and tt is a terrifying Obviously, large stationary objects, like not guarantee to kill millions of innocent one: Deterrence, even 1f successful, does not balllstic missile silos, are easier to keep track people-people who could never influence eliminate all risks of nuclear war. The threat of than small and mobile objects-like the decision we wish to deter. Rather, for of retaliation helps to ward off only a ra soldiers or bombs. That's why agreemen·ts to fundamental morality, we should not rig our tional, calculated decision to attack. It can't limit strategic weapons have focussed on the forces in such a way as to cause mass kill prevent an unintended outbreak of nuclear launchel'IS that deliver them-the silos, the ing-totally unnecessary killing-in any nu war. Accidental war cannot be deterred! submarines, the heavy bombers. clear war. If the war had been caused by ac As if these four problems of deterrence Agreements that restrict v-eapons quality cident, what would be the sense of such were not enough, a new one may be about to or technical characteristics, are harder to "ret>all.a.tion"? We should never lock our own break. Nuclear technology is spreading verify than limits on quantity. The number forces into a posture tha.t would make us around the world, and this can give many of strategic missiles, for example, ls easier to the first to use nuclear weapons in a crucial more nations the potential to make nuclear verify than the type of warhead those mis bombs. Nuclear technology has this dual and wanton way. We should not be the first siles have. to launch indiscriminate attacks against nature: reactors that produce energy also Insisting on good verification doesn't cities. yield the material required to make nuclear necessarily mean we are questioning the good bombs. Ask yourself, what does this mean for Fortunately, the evolution in United the deterrence we depend on to prevent nu faith of those involved. Evidence is often States nuclear policy, initiated under Presi clear attack? The only way we now know ambiguous. Questions of whether a party Is dent Nixon and continued since, is moving to ward off nuclear attack is based on two complying can arise from actions that are us in the right direction. Those interested ideas: first, that we have to be concerned entirely innocent. And no matter how much in arms control should give this evolution with only one or two nuclear adversaries; care goes into drafting an agreement, dif their whole-hearted support. and second, that the nuclear weapons in such ferent interpretations can arise. Nonetheless, There is a third front: the battle to pre countries will always be controlled by men history does not lack examples of treaties vent nuclear weapons from spreading who care that their country should survive. deliberately violated. throughout the world. We are taking several In a world of many more nuclear powers, If ambiguities are promptly identified and actions here. these two essentials will no longer be true. questions of violation can be settled, arms As Secretary Kissinger announced in the How could we retaliate against an attack if control agreements will continue to be effec United Nations, we are trying to get other we weren't sure where it came from? How tive. OtherWise they are likely to degenerate countries to join together in setting up could we deter and retaliat e against a small into empty ceremony. multinational centers for managing and group of fanatics or criminals? Dimculties of verification have become one storing their nuclear reactor fuel. Such And how are we to curb nuclear arms of the main obstacles to progress in arms centers can provide cheaper fuel through competition by international agreement? It's control. We could rapidly agree to more arms economy of size. But more important, they hard enough to negotiate agreements be llmltations if we only knew how to make can give greater safety against the chance tween two countries because of their differ them verifiable. Take the case of chemical that peaceful nuclear fuel might be diverted ences in national int erests, in geography, and weapons, for example. Virtually every coun to m•ake weapons. in military forces. Think how complications try seems to want them banned, but no We a.re seeking new ways to manage the will multiply when we try to get agreements agreement has been made because we don't growing tramc in nuclear fuels between na among many nuclear armed nations. know how to verify such a ban. tions, so they cannot be hijacked or other So you see, I told you we do have serious Verification also llmlts the kinds of agree wise stolen. And we are also seeking new problems in depending on deterrence to pre ments we can have on strategic arms. You ways to protect the increasing accumulating serve the peace. I wanted to give you a feel may have read about the cruise missile-a stockplles of these dangerous fuels. ing for how complex the situation really is. missile like a small pllotless aircraft. These We have to explore b&Jtter lntelllgence cruise missiles are particularly hard to verify So long as we rely on deterrence, our arms techniques to cope with nuclear prolifera for a SALT agreement. tion. Techniques to tell where a nuclear ex control efforts must take its shortcomings The news stories these days are rather plosion comes from, migh t be 1m.portant. into account. pessimistic about the progress of the Stra Human intellect created the atom bomb, Now let me turn to something else arms tegic Arms Limitation Talks-SALT; and the but unfortunately, it has not yet found a control must cope with. Arms control agree negotiations to reduce the forces in Central safe way to live with it. Yet, we have been ments can improve the chances for peace Europe (the MBFR) have been moving very learning. Today we have a far deeper under but, and it is an important "but"-we must slowly. standing of deterrence and arms control be sure the agreements are observed. We Despite these frustrations and delays, for than, say, twenty years ago--or even ten. can't depend on trust alone when our coun mal, negotiated agreements are worth striv Our ambition should not be stunted by tem try's security is at stake. So for moot such ing for. They help countries take coordinated porary frustrations and setbacks. Our goals agreements we insist on verification--on hav- steps they would not take on their own. They must remain ambitious. December 1, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38027 VANIK REPORT worldwide taxation of multinational porations listed paid over $13.9 b1llion to companies. foreign governments and only a little more I strongly recommend that my col than $8.3 million to the U.S. Treasury, in HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON leagues take a moment to read about the corporation income taxes. OF MASSACHUSETTS Vanik said, "The study reveals the per results of Mr. VANIK's study. vasive involvement of America's giant cor IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The text of the article follows: porations in overseas operations. The giant Monday, December 1, 1975 VANIK REPORT corporations are no longer U.S. corpora Mr. The downward turn in the tax rate paid tions--they are worldwide organizations pos HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, an by some of the nation's largest corporations sibly beyond the control or supervision of article in the November issue of Public continued in 1974, according to a study re any single government or other public Citizen People & Taxes has recently come leased in October by Rep. Charles Vanik, agency." to my attention. The fourth annual study released by the Ohio In the report Vanik singled out oil com The subject of the article is a study Democrat, reported that the average effective panies, banks and the utllity industry as conducted by Representative CHARLES federal income tax rate of the 102 industries receivers of undue tax favoritism. He said VANIK which demonstrates that the 48- studied was only 22.6%---down from 23.6% figures released by the JCIRT show the pe percent corporate tax rate is, in reality, in 1973. troleum industry paid no net U.S. tax on The study prepared by the staff of the foreign source income. The congressman said a hoax. Joint Committee on Internal Revenue Tax this is because oil companies are allowed to It seems absolutely incredible, given ation (JCIRT) reported that in tax year 1974 treat foreign oil royalties as a foreign "tax" the current economic pressures squeez eight corporations, with profits totaling ap and thus qualify for the foreign tax credit. ing us all, that multimillion-dollar cor proximately $844 million, paid no federal in BANK CONTROL porations are allowed to continue to come tax. In addition, Vanik found that another 18 corporations with profits of ap In his remarks on the House floor, Vanik manipulate the tax structure to avoid expressed his growing concern that banks paying any Federal tax. proximately $5.3 billion paid an effective tax rate of less than 10%. are becoming the controlling force in the According to the study, 110 corpora nation's economy. Through the use of a large tions paid over $13.9 billion to foreign LOW TAX PAYMENT array of tax breaks-many of which are not governments compared to only a little The total tax bill paid by these 18 corpo available to non-financial corporations more than $8.3 million to the U.S. Treas rations was only $220 million. Had these commercial banks have been able to lower ury in corporate income taxes. In the companies and the eight who paid no taxes their effective tax rate from 38.3% in 1961 paid the 48% corporate rate, their taxes to 11.7% in 1974. He urged Congress to look study, Congressman VANIK stresses the would have been approximately $2.96 billion. fact that giant U.S. corporations have into the tendency for large banks to become In presenting his report to Congress, Vanik multinational concerns. become transformed into worldwide or said, "Although some 'tax relief' is available ganizations and subsequently progressed to individual taxpayers in the form of per Vanik disputed claims supporting the past the stage of control by any single sonal deductions---end tax rebates and reduc-_ utility industry's need for an increase in the government. tions from the Tax Reduction Act of 1975- investment tax credit. "Since ut111t1es are it is minuscule when compared to the op regulated monopolies and assured a. fair rate Mr. VANIK's revealing study makes it portunities that America's corporations have of return through their governing public abundantly clear that some form of in to reduce their taxes." utllity commissions, federal subsidization ternational cooperative control is a pre For the first time Vanik's report listed pay through the tax code is a. highly debatable requisite to reach a goal of equitable ments to foreign governments. The 110 cor- question."
DECLINE IN CORPORATE TAX PAYMENTS
Approx mate effective tax rates paid by selected corporations, 1974 Approximate Approximate Approximate Approximate adjusted net Approximate adjusted net taxes paid Approximate U.S. effective income before current Federal income before to foreign Approximate effective tax rate on Federal and for and foreign Federal in govern current Federal worldwide worldwide eign income tax 1 income tax come tax2 ments • • • income tax tax rate income Corporation (thousands) (thousands) (thousands) (thousands) (thousands) (percent) (percent) •
INDUSTRIAL CORPORATION LIST
General Motors CorP------$1,493,391 $399,130 $1,366,294 $126, 916 $272,214 26.7 19.9 Exxon Corp ______(4) (4) Ford Motor CO------534,200 101,400 351,900 351, 100 (56, 700) 19.0 ------General Electric Co------928,900 336,600 858,600 74,500 262, 100 36.2 30.5 International Business Machines CorP------3, 434,639 1, 687,044 2, 668,039 791,200 895,844 49. 1 33.6 Mobil Oil CorP------3, 718,412 2, 526,265 1,107, 099 2, 467,765 58,500 ••sa. o 5. 3 Chrysler Corp ______------____ ------______(3) (5) lnterational Telephone & Telegraph CorP------655,906 304,169 353,344 246,301 57,868 46.4 16.4 Texaco, Inc ______------______------___ 2, 627, 283 1, 231, 900 1, 383, 671 1, 186, 500 45, 400 **46. 9 3. 3 Western Electric Co.., Inc·------579,754 195,835 579,754 0 195,835 a 33.8 33.8 Standard Oil Co. of California______966,822 720,300 318,622 640, 500 79,800 **74. 5 25.0 The LTV CorP------170,118 1, 800 169,718 400 1, 400 1.1 (6) Standard Oil Co. of Indiana.------1, 677,309 720,336 1,198,193 410,857 309,479 **43. 0 25.8 The Boeing Co------102,432 22,100 102,432 0 22,100 21.6 21.6 E. I. duPont de Nemours & Co·------·------660,300 224,900 607,700 41,300 183,600 34. 1 30.2 Shell Oil Co ______---- __ ----______----______(4) (4) General Telephone & Electronics Corp ______------______------______(4) (4) RCA CorP------190,300 40,200 168,100 16,900 23,300 21.1 13.9 Goodyear Tire & Rubber______289,201 94,841 215,453 61,425 33,416 32.8 15.5 Esmark, Inc. (Swift & Co.>------63,488 28,400 54,588 6, 300 22, 100 44.7 40.5 Union Carbide CorP------892,400 328,300 692,500 183, 100 145,200 36.8 21.0 Procter & Gamble CorP------590,979 248,535 515,817 66,271 182,264 41.1 35.3 Bethlehem Steel CorP------584,216 230,000 562,216 22,000 208,000 39.4 37.0 Eastman Kodak Co·------1,101, 769 452,550 970,919 122,150 330,400 41. 1 34.0 Kraftco CorP------169,294 67,809 150,680 18,614 49, 195 40.1 32.6 Greyhound CorP------86,928 34,885 86,928 0 34,885 40. 1 40. 1 Atlantic Richfield Co------919,736 434,095 539,055 377,455 56,640 **47. 2 10. 5 Continental Oil Co------914,389 558,301 420,785 496,162 62, 139 **61. 1 14.8 International Harvester Co ••• ------178,308 91,942 117,115 59, 172 32, 770 51.6 28.0 lockheed Aircraft CorP------·------34,900 5,100 29,800 5,100 ------14.6 ------Tenneco, Inc.------564,079 153,783 534,663 28,924 124,859 27.3 23.4 Rockwell International Corp. (North American Rockwell)______230,000 77,800 209, 500 17,300 60,500 33.8 28.9 Litton Industries, Inc ______------______------______---- ______------______-- ___ --- __ -- ___ _ (f) (f) United Aircraft CorP------198,641 82, 139 196,579 1, 272 80,867 41.4 41.1 Firestone Tire & Rubber eo------·------271,947 100,353 225,126 45,132 55,22-1 33.9 24.5 Phillips Petroleum eo .. ------711,938 328,022 506,091 200,469 127,553 ••46.1 25.2 Occidental Petroleum CorP------785,808 483,887 307,450 478,887 5, 000 ..61. 6 1.6 General Dynamics CorP------87,979 32,030 77,222 6, 441 25,589 36.4 33.1 Caterpillar Tractor Co------339,800 134,000 312,700 29,800 104,200 39.4 33.3 The Singer Co ______.------••• ------•• ------.------.------.------.---.------.-.------.------(1) (1) McDonnell Douglas Corp_------172,499 15,028 171,188 375 14,653 8. 7 9.1 38028 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 1, 1975 DECLINE IN CORPORATE TAX PAYMENTs-continued
Approximate effective tax rates paid by selected corporations, 1974
Approximate Approximate Approximate Approximate adjusted net Approximate adjusted net taxes paid Approximate U.S. effective income before current Federal income before to foreign Approximate effective tax rate on Federal and for- and foreign Federal in govern current Federal worldwide worldwide eign income tax I income tal( come tax2 ments • • • income tax tax rate income Corporation (thousands) (thousands) (thousands) (thousands) (thousands) (percent) {percent) •
General Foods. ______-- __ ---- __ ---_------_____ ------___ --_------____ ------____ ------_____ ------______(8) (8) Continental Can Co., Inc------$208,986 $72,418 $182,345 $10,298 $61,490 34.7 33.7 Monsanto Co __ ------543,500 209,200 487,200 50,500 158,700 38.5 32.6 Sun Oil Co·------748,304 352,600 487,128 255, 196 97,404 **47.1 20.0 HoneywelL •• ------102,247 8, 460 98,881 10,678 (2, 218) 8. 3 ------· -- w. R. Grace & Co·------246,893 106,789 170,307 65,983 40,806 43.3 24.0 Dow Chemical Co·------984,764 452,700 797,964 179, 500 273,200 46.0 34.2 1nternational Paper Co.------427, 300 178, 700 373, 600 49, 500 129, 200 41.8 34.6 American Can Co·------166,606 68,907 151,761 14,845 54,062 41.4 35.6 Borden, Inc_·------151,708 59,900 140,508 8, 500 51,400 Rapid American Corp ______------____ -----______------______------______------______------______------______39.5 36.6 (') (6) Burlington Industries, Inc·------168,659 75,459 162,767 5, 392 70,067 44.7 43.0 Union Oil Co. of California·------465, 126 219,000 321,526 136, 900 82, 100 **47.1 25.5 56.3 36.5 ~p~rr~e~~~~d&:~_u_s~~i~~: ~ ~~==::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ______~~~: ~~~ ______~~: ~~~ ______~~~: ~~~ ______~~~: ~~~ ______~~~: ~ ~~ _ (8) (!) Xerox CorP------698,314 276,340 495,353 172,793 103,547 39.6 20.9 Boise Cascade CorP------161,611 62,807 145,379 11,055 5!_, 752 38.9 35.5 Cities Service Co------282, 167 88,500 271,367 10,800 11,700 31.4 28.6 Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Co______539,368 223,500 452,368 87,000 136,500 41.4 30.2 Consolidated Foods CorP------123,985 46,922 110,018 12,875 34,047 37.8 30.9 Gulf Western Industries, Inc·------109,344 63,300 57, 544 51,800 11, 500 57.9 20.0 Textron, Inc·------175,670 59,094 167,668 5, 062 53,492 33.6 31.9 American Standard, Inc·------73,669 26,570 58,646 16,386 10, 184 36.1 17.4 Signal Companies, Inc.·------290,365 106,614 277,672 12,693 93,921 36.7 33.8 Ashland Oil, Inc·------159,929 ~· 200 137,325 13,860 30,430 **27. 6 22.1 Owens-Illinois, Inc. __ ------129, 014 1, 495 104, 739 24, 275 17, 220 32.2 16.4 United Brands Co. ______----.------______------______------______(I) (6) CPC International, Inc·------186,770 76,733 138, 502 42,418 34,315 41.1 24.8 Standard Oil Co. of Ohio.------190,045 45,818 161,757 28, 288 17, 530 **24.1 10.8 Republic Steel CorP------278, 131 107,276 277, 591 540 106, 736 38.6 38.5 Champion International CorP------142, 355 35,264 123,662 11, 139 24, 125 24.8 19.5 FMC Corp.------76,201 16, 669 70, 829 5, 372 11, 297 21.9 15.9 American Home Products CorP------439, 167 181,700 -380, 529 58,638 123 062 1 41.4 32.3 The Coca-Cola Co ___ ------~---=---- 356, 485 152, 624 241,487 112,569 40, 055 42.8 16.6 TRW Inc ------177, 105 66,055 149,656 22,919 43,136 37.3 28.8 Armco steeicor"P--~=:::::::::______344,529 122.243 309,358 35, m 87,012 35.5 28.1 Beatrice Foods Co·------250,336 110,778 223,916 24,868 85,910 44.3 38.4 Ralston Purina Co·------164,391 67,300 151,991 12,400 54,900 40.9 36.1 Uniroyal, Inc ------80,746 27,892 61,912 18,495 9, 397 34.5 15.2 Aluminum Co. of America.------286, 425 107, 114 254, 130 30,754 76,360 37.4 30.0 American Brands, Inc------277,452 128,845 235,310 37,736 91, 109 46.4 38.7 The Bendix CorP------144, 200 63,000 119,200 21,000 42,000 43.7 35.2 National Cash Register Co •• ------_--______------______(I) (4) Raytheon Manufacturing Co·------103,880 39,929 101, 160 2, 720 37,209 38.4 36.8 Warner-Lambert Co •• ------260,873 101, 393 198,221 62,652 38, 741 38.9 19.5 Genesco Inc .• ------30, 583 17,798 26,860 3, 723 14,075 58.2 52.4 Allied Chemical CorP------222,887 54,973 206 ,878 17, 164 37, 809 24.7 18.3 National Steel CorP------311, 595 129, 150 311, 595 0 129, 150 41.4 41.4 Weyerhaeuser Co.------405, 197 138, 145 382, 617 24,645 113, 500 34.1 29.7 U.S. ln~ustries, Inc·------59225,732505 2749,507224 38173,922802 2079,404703 (29, 828) 18.1 ------Getty OJI Co ------• , , , 6 , 551 ••47.1 18.1 Teledyne, Inc~~====:::::::_:______122,816 48, ooo 118,316 4, 500 43,500 39.1 36.8 (8) (1) ~olfa~~~~~~~l ~; Co.--_------:::::-:-:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::=:=:::::::::::::::::=:: (4) (4) G~~rgia Pacific ___-_:::::::::::::::::::::: _____ :_:______252, 850 58, 5 252, 850 0 58,500 uo 23.1 23.1 Whirlpool CorP------36• 208 13, 101 36, 208 0 13, 101 36.2 36.2 Gulf Oil CorP------4, 047,000 2, 831,000 1, 358,000 2, 641,000 190,000 ••70. 0 14.0 United States Steel CorP------1, 081,700 351,000 934,500 79,700 271,300 34.5 29.0 • • Footnotes not supplied.
YOUTH OF AMERICA tion after a screening committee had A TRIDUTE TO C. ALEX HARVIN, JR. narrowed the choices to five. The winning name was "Bicentennial" HON. SAM STEIGER and the official name of the ninth school HON. JOHN W. JENRETTE, JR. OF ABIZONA in the district 1s now the "Bicentennial Elementary School." OF SOUTH CABOLINA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The mascot of the school, by which the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, December 1. 1915 athletic teams will be known, is "The Monday, December 1, 1975 Mr. STEIGER of Arizona. Mr. Speaker, Patriot," and the school colors are red, Mr. JENRETI'E. Mr. Speaker, it gives I rise to speak in praise of the youth of white, and blue. me great pleasure to announce the se America, and to say that in spite of the The spirit and patriotism which made lection of C. Alex Harvin, Jr. of Summer many troubles which beset this Nation, the United States the greatest Nation ton, S.C., as a winner of the Farm Bu I am extremely optlmlstic about the fu in the world still persists, and in fact, reau's Distinguished Service Award for ture. is growing stronger as we approach our 1975. I will keep my brief remarks to spe 200th year. I believe this is clearly evi As the highest commendation which cifics, but I believe those specifics tell dent from the actions of the students of the organization gives, the award is more more of the real American youth than the Bicentennial Elementary School in than a tribute to the host of Mr. an hour of oratory. Glendale, Ariz. Harvin's achievements in leadership and I would like to recognize the student Recently, in the Glendale Elementary service-it is the humble thanks of many council, as well as District Superinten to a man who has sincerely dedicated his School District, which is in my congres- dent Glenn F. Burton and Principal sional district, a new school was dedi life to the enrichment of his community Richard G. Thomas. Members of the stu and Nation. cated. In an exercise in democracy and dent council are: Rebecca Marshall, freedom of choice, students and parents There is not one endeavor in which president, 7th grade; Marcel Spaulding, Alex Harvin has not excelled. Besides be were asked to submit names for the new vice president, 7th grade; Lisa Messner, educational plant. ing a good-sized farmer, Mr. Harvin rep secretary, 7th grade; Ronnie Chisholm, resents the profession on many distin The students, numbering approxi Jr., vice president, 5th grade; and Joni guished agricultural organizations. He mately 560, voted on the final name selec- Catrina, Jr., vice president, 5th grade. is on the board of directors of the South December 1, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38029 Carolina Farm Bureau, was a past presi et. And second, we will be able to make City," written by my constituent, Ms. dent of the Cotton Ginner's Association, better public policy decisions since they Dorothy Goldberg. The text of the poem both in the State and for the Nation, will be based on a more cohesive and follows: and has served on the National Cotton comprehensive economic framework. NEW YORK CITY Council for more than 20 years. In this respect,_we must keep in mind Our city is a great lady But beyond his devotion to agriculture, the necessity of looking ahead-not 1 Who always has been there, Whenever anyone needed her Mr. Harvin is an astute businessman, and year ahead, but several years ahead And that's why it's not fair, as an officer of no less than 12 corpo since many of the programs we are ap That now when she has troubles rations, has done much to stimulate com proving entail long-range expenditures And her economy isn't well, merce in the State. and have an extended impact on the Our own Federal Government With this demand upon his time and country's economy. Tells her to go to hell. energies, Alex Harvin has still managed The second concurrent budget resolu Though whenever a. foreign dignitary to devote a lifetime to civic and com tion is not only important in terms of its Visits the U.N. munity activities. As president of the Pee general and projected significance. The person requires protection And New York provides the men, Dee · Area Council, he makes scouting a There is also much to be said for the And the Government in Washington reality for over 10,000 boys, and his 32 actual contents of this year's resolution. Never refunds a. cent, years as deacon of his church are equally It is the result of a serious effort to So the city's budget as impressive as his post as president of put forth measures of direct stimulus to Has sustained another dent. the South Carolina Mental Health As relieve the burdens of an ailing economy. And think of the poor people sociation, and as chairman of the Sum The double condition of recession and in Who came here from other states, merton Bicentennial Commission. flation has placed enormous strains on Because our welfare system It is only possible to imagine this ex Pays them higher rates. those with low or fixed incomes as well Though our Federal Government ceptional degree of accomplishment as on the unemployed. The extension of Pays us a smaller percent when we consider the man himself. In the Tax Reduction Act of 1975, the sup Than they give most parts of the country dustrious and personable, Mr. Harvin plemental appropriations for public serv And there goes another dent. set the pace for his active life when he ice jobs, public works projects, summer And how about the people became the youngest corporation presi youth jobs, and the greater assistance Who migrated here to be free, dent in the State at the age of 21. His to State and local governments should And all our city's visitors ability to assume responsibility is only provide direct relief to those who need What sticks in their memory? exceeded by his utter versatility in every Do they consider New York sinful it most. Because perhaps they met a. tramp, ·possible field of endeavor. The projected unemployment rate of Or do they really remember When we scan this Nation's past, we 7.5 percent for fiscal year 1976 persists The lady who holds the lamp? find that it is men like C. Alex Harvin as a national tragedy, but with the ad And even now we don't want chartty that give us pride to be Americans. In ditional help of Mr. O'NEILL's amend It's justice which we seek, him, there is that rare pioneer spirit that ment, still more jobs will be created. For without it our fair city's sees the unknown and the imPossible, The projected deficit of $72 billion is Whole future will be bleak. but sets out to conquer them. It is with higher than it should be. But these are For no longer can we afford deep gratitude that I extend my most To subsidize the whole nation, hard times, and this is the price we must With the minuscule pittance heartfelt congratulations to Mr. C. Alex pay if we are to attend to the human Which has been returned as our ration. Harvin, Jr., for receiving this auspicious problems faced by a large percentage of So it's time our leaders realized award. the American population. That New York's a precious gem, If the economic stimulus is successful And that they need us and the recovery goes as planned, we Quite as much as we need them. SECOND CONCURRENT BUDGET should be able to reduce the amount of RESOLUTION this deficit spending and thus deal more effectively with our galloping rate of J. inflation. ANTINUCLEAR GROUPS HON. CHRISTOPHER DODD TARGET BARNWELL OF CONNECTICUT I would like to emphasize that with IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES this resolution Congress has renewed its traditional commitment to social and Monday, December 1, 1975 HON. LARRY McDONALD humanitarian assistance. Given the eco OF GEORGIA nomic realities, a reasonable reordering Mr. DODD. Mr. Speaker, the second IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES concurrent budget resolution for fiscal of priorities was called for. year 1976 represents a fundamental step The defense budget, while remaining Monday, December 1, 1975 in the Congress reassertion of its control one of the two largest items on the en Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. over the Nation's finances. tire budget, has been cut by approxi Speaker, more than 1,200 opponents of The power of the purse, granted to the mately $8 billion, a reduction of almost nuclear-generated electrical power gath legislative branch by the U.S. Constitu 10 percent. This in itself is a decisive step ered in Washington, D.C. November 16- tion, has been relinquished to the execu toward greater fiscal responsibility. 18, to participate in a conference, tive for far too long. In short, while the budget resolution Critical Mass '75, the "second national The new budget process was initia:ted has not solved our Nation's problems, it gathering of the citizen movement to to provide Congress with an institutional represents more than a move in the right stop nuclear power." The Critical Mass machinery capable of formulating a con direction. It is encouraging testimony '75 conference, called by Ralph Nader, gressional budget and of increasing our of the Congress pledge to serious and provided a warm and enthusiastic re control over Federal spending. effective financial planning. sponse to the resolutions offered by ad This machinery seems to have success mitted nuclear saboteur Sam Lovejoy fully weathered its first hard test. Next which called for "civil disobedience" and time around, the process should be final "direct action" to stop nuclear power. ized and we will not have to include for ONE NEW YORKER DEFENDS Lovejoy's call for unity of the antinuclear the next fiscal year any additional Presi HER CITY power movement with the detente and dential packages or spending bills sub disarmament groups operating in sup mitted to the Congress after March 15. HON. ELIZABETH HOLTZMAN port of the Soviet Union's foreign policy of ceilings for Federal revenues and ex OF NEW YORK tactics also met with acclamation from penditures. the assembled antinuclear activists. A From then on, the prior determination IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES .detailed report on those aspects of the of ceilings for Federal revenues and ex Monday, December 1, 1975 Critical Mass '75 was provided in the penditures and for the size of the deficit Ms. HOLTZMAN. Mr. Speaker, at this CONGRESSIONAL RECORD of November 19, and the public debt will have at least two time when my colleagues are debating 1975, page 37523. positive results: the question of assistance to New York However, Lovejoy's resolutions for First of all, we can look forward to a City to avert a default, I would like to "direct action" were not the only ones better management of the Federal budg- share with them a poem, "New York offered to the Critical Mass '75 conferees 38030 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 1, 1975 who paid $10 per person to attend the extremely dangerous "direct action" his own availability. He stood on the pave exhausting schedule of panels and scenarios are strong. They could include ment in one place, fearless of whSJt congress workshops. blockades of the public roads or of the man home for the weekend dread most: Following a series of warnings issued plants shipping the fuel for reprocessing; being motionless. His message to the people that he was approachable was quickly per by Ralph Nader in his role of environ they could include attempted takeovers ceived. People surrounded him. Most were mental white knight that any interest in of nuclear power plants or of the Barn coal miners or widows who h ad gotten no the antinuclear movement by the nuclear well facility; and they could include where with the local or federal government power industry, its trade associations or what the environmental extremists call with one claim or another-social security, by law enforcement could be considered "ecotage"-destructive acts in support of we1fare, black lung, food stamps--and were "illegal interference" and an invasion of the antinuclear power movement. now appealing to Hechler. He took their the right to privacy which would be And it is also possible that an extre forms and documents, filling his pockets with them, and promising to act on returning "relentlessly exposed," Nader introduced mist attached to the anti-nuclear move to Washington. Lovejoy, the successful saboteur, and ment could attempt to cause a minor ac The other political style was Byrd's. He Brett Percy from the Barnwell project cident or spillage to dramatize the anti was the eager ground-gainer, the believer in in South Carolina. nuclear cause. the political maxims that no idle hand of Nader remained on stage while Love Lovejoy stated that his act of sabotage a. voter should go unpumped and that no joy and Brett Percy read their resolu was a "modern first step" in the cam banter could be too trivial. He worked the tions to the acclamation of the crowd. paign against nuclear generated electri crowd, row by row, m.lxing chumminess with While Nader's expression could not be cal power which "entered the issue of senatorial dignity. But when he climbed to the platform, his pockets--unlike Hechler's seen as he kept his hands pressed to the civil disobedience into the environmen contained no forms or papers. None of the sides of his face, he made no statement tal movement." citizens had asked him for anything. contradicting the activists' calls for di Nader and his supporters who so warm That a small state like West Virginia is rect action tactics to stop the operation ly received the Barnwell and Lovejoy large enough to support two such diss1mllar of nuclear power facilities. resolutions have their constitutional politicians as Hechler and Byrd 1s one of Lovejoy's resolutions we have already right to criticize nuclear power for peace Appalachia's ongoing mysteries. The deepest discussed, but the Barnwell project group ful purposes, but when they applaud the puzzle is Hechler, Unlike most mountain deserve attention in their own right. potential lawbreakers who call for "direct politicians, he is an apostate who has never taken a vow· of obedience to the coal and The Barnwell project, operating from action" and "civil disobedience," they energy companies. His own district in the 221 Pickens Street in Columbia, S.C., offer their movement as a cloak to screen southern border of the state contains more seeks to prevent the opening and opera conspiracies which may endanger many. coal than any area in the country. Coal may tion of the nuclear fuel reprocessing This being the case, we must call upon be king, but for Hechler the powers behind plant near the town of Barnwell, S.C. The all of the appropriate agencies of our the throne can be wily and dangerous, with a. reprocessing plant will be the only one Government, both Federal and local, to record that he occasionally calls "diabolical." in this country which has been without closely monitor the activities of these The devil is a. metaphor the mountain peo a fuel reprocessing facility for some time. groups in order to insure that in this ple understand because notions like evil, sin and damnation have not been brushed aside The Barnwell resolution clearly sets volatile area neither the public safety as casually as they have been in the cities. forth the rationale of the antinuclear nor our internal security is subjected to If Hechler's district is a classroom and les generated electrical power groups for threats of violence. sons can be applied to other parts of the placing a priority on stopping the Barn country, one truth is clear: it is possible to well reprocessing facility by "direct ac run against unaccountable corporations and tion" tactics. As read by Barnwell proj not only win but thrive. Hechler's record ect spokesman Brett Percy to the Crit KEN HECHLER: REFUSING THE suggests that the voters may be far ahead of VOW OF OBEDIENCE the politicians and wm gratefully embrace ical Mass '75 conferees it stated: anyone halfway daring enough to expose Whereas the Barnwell reprocessing faclllty corporate manipUlators with their slush 1s a dangerous and deadly machine, and funds, cash envelopes and hunting lodges. whereas fuel reprocessing is presently the HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN OF MASSACHUSETTS Hechler first ran for office in 1958, shortly jugular vein of the atomic industry, and after coming to West Virginia. from Wash whereas stopping Barnwell will effectively IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ington. He worked in the 1956 Stevenson shut down nuclear power in America, be it Monday, December 1, 1975 campaign but came to the mountains to clear resolved that all nuclear opponents put their his head of abstractions. He was born on immediate attention and energy to stopping Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, there are Long Island, took a. PhD. at Columbia and Barnwell from receiving spent fuel, from too few occasions when all of us can read should have been the kind of person-the reprocessing waste or becoming a mass stor something that makes us increasingly egghead outlander-who West Virginians age facillty for radioactive waste. proud to be a :Member of the Congress. traditionally ignore. He endeared himself to To implement this resolution: the voters, however, not by seeking office but 1. Nuclear opponents from every state An article in the Washington Post on December 1, 1975, about our colleague, by having it pushed upon h1m by his stu should immediately make themselves aware dents at Marshall University. "I was teaching of any shipments of radioactive waste des Congressman KEN HECHLER of West Vir government and telling the youngsters why tined for Barl!well, and stop them within ginia, will make every Member of the they should get involved, when suddenly their own nuclear sites. House proud to be associated with this they began telllng me to get involved. So I 2. Letters of solidarity and information on devoted colleague. tried for Congress as a. longshot, and made it. any radioactive shipments should be sent to The article, written by the able and The students virtually ran my campaign. Barnwell Project, 221 Pickens Street, Co It was probably a combination of their hon lumbia, South Carolina 29202. Information skilled Washington Post columnist, Colman McCarthy, follows: esty and my enthusiasm that won the on shipments destined for Barnwell is vital. election... I! time does not allow information to be KEN HECHLER: REFUSING THE VOW OF OBEDmNCE Either way, in a state where political cor mailed, call us collect at 803/771-9353 to ruption looms over the citizens as imposingly let us know. Localities with nuclear plants (By Colman McCarthy) should look into the possibility of getting the as the mountains, Hechler was a. fresh voice. health departments in the county where the LOGAN, W. VA.-The two politicians walked In time, he made it fresher. He helped or plant is located to pass an ordinance ban from the main entrance of the new hos ganize the coal miners into a force that ning the shipment of the nuclear waste pital that both had come to help dedicate. demanded-and received-the 1969 Coal which would effectively trap the waste in its They had lunched inside with the di Mine Health and Safety Act. He was the only present location. rectors and were now moving to the out member of Congress to stand with Joseph 3. Organize support delegations across the side pl81tform for speeches. One, Ken Hechler, Yablonsky ln the latter's doomed struggle country to join nuclear opponents from the local congressman, was approached by a.ga.lnst the Boyle mob. He has been the only across South Carolina for demonstrations a disabled miner who carried black lung one ln Congress to consistently call for a and possible direct action to keep Barnwell papers and wanted help figuring them out. total ban on strip mining. inoperative. The other was Robert Byrd, the state's ju After a. few years of this kind of insolence, nior senator and a local boy who (as he re the boys in the board rooms and the back It is clear that what the Barnwell proj minded the crowd in his speech) was now a rooms had had enough. In 1972, "coinci ect activists are trying to do is set up a mighty power in Washington; he spotted dence" saw to it that Hechler was redis nationwide antinuclear power intelli the 150 spectators and bolted for them to tricted, even the convenient stake a.t which to shake hands. burn a heretic. His primary opponent was gence network to determine when ship For the next few minutes, two styles of James Kee, a strip mining cheerleader, con ments will be in transit to the Barnwell American politics were at work. Hechler of sidered unbeatable. Hechler beat Kee and reprocessing plant. The possibilities for fered the people no other commodity than won the fall election so decisively that two December 1, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38031 years later he had no opponent at all, a DEFINITIONS INSPECTION OF DOCUMENTS luxury mostly enjoyed by Southern segrega SEc. 3. The words and phrases used in the SEc. 9. At any time a request for a loan tionists and other immovable objects. Wryly, Act have the following meanings: is pending or a loan is outstanding under Hechler says that having no opponent in 1974 (a) the Terxns "City" and "State" mean this Act, the Secretary is authorized to in made life dull. "I had no one to debate the the City and State of New York, respectively. spect and copy all accounts, books, records, issues with. For the first time, no one stood (b) The term "Financing Agent" means memoranda., correspondence, and other docu up to defend strip mining or the coal com any agency duly authorized by State law ments of the City or any Financing Agent panies. I guess they figured it was better to act on behalf or in the interest of the relating to its financial affairs. not even to remind the voters there were City with respect to the City's financial Af TERMINATION issues to be decided." fairs. SEc. 10. The authority of the Secretary to Hechler is 61, urunarried, physically fit and (c) The term "Secretary" means the Sec the owner of a folksy manner that disguises make any loan under this Act terminates on retary of the Treasury. June 30, 1978. Such termination does not much of the zeal and wrath within him. If LOANS there is any perverseness to him, it is the affect the carrying out of any transaction delight he shows in driving eastern reporters SEc. 4. (a.) Upon written request of the entered into pursuant to this Act prior to that around his district in his jeep. A little City or a Financing Agent, the Secretary date, or the taking of any action necessary roughing it won't hurt the press, Hechler may make loans to the City or such Fi to preserve or protect the interests of the says. This jeep is but a cut above a four nancing Agent subject to the provisions of United States arising out of any loan under wheeled contraption. Hechler's vehicle was this Act, providing thBit in the case of loans this Act. once a campaign issue. His opponent said the to a Financing Agent, the City and such jeep demeaned the dignity of West Virgin Agent shall be jointly and severally liable ians because the people deserved a congress thereon. man who rode in a limousine, like all the (b) Each such loan shall mature not later JUSTICE WilLIAM 0. DOUGLAS other champions of the people. than the last day of the fiscal year of the City The national press isn't poking round West in which it was made, and shall bear inter Virginia these days for hints of "the national est at an annual rate determined by the HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. mood." The state hasn't been nationally Secretary at the time of the loan, based OF CALIFORNIA significant since John Kennedy came here in upon the current average market yield on 1960 to prove that religion is not a political outstanding marketable obligations of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES United states with remaining periods to issue. Hechler's success may not be as dra Wednesday, November 19, 1975 matic as Kennedy's 1960 victory, but what maturity comparable to the maturities of it suggests could be as politically significant: such loans, adjusted to the nearest one Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. that accountability is now a major concern eighth of one percentum, plus one percentum Speaker, the many thousands of words of the voters. Too many corporations, gov per annum. of tribute that have been expressed since ernmental agencies and institutions have SECURITY FOR LOANS SEc. 5. In connection with any loan under Justice William 0. Douglas announced been heedless of anything but their own in his retirement hardly leave room for terests, with little concern about victimizing this Act, the Secretary may require the City citizens. America is not yet totally captured and any Financing Agent and, where neces added comment. This man was truly of by the special interests the way that many in sary, the State, to provide such security as the same caliber as those who signed West Virginia are dominated by company he deems appropriate. The Secretary may the Declaration of Independence in 1776, towns. But if any of those now seeking na take such steps as are necessary to realize and as he demonstrated by his life and tional office want to learn about a style of upon any collateral in which the United his words, he believed in the same values politics that succeeds by responding to voter States has a security interest pursuant to as those great men who founded this resentment of vested-interest domination, this section to enforce any claim the United States may have against the City or any country. they ought to hitch a ride with Hechler in What is perhaps lost in most analyses his jeep. Nowhere are these vested intere~s Financing Agent pursuant to this Act. Not more dominating and nowhere is there a pol withstanding any other provision of law, of the record of Justice Douglas is his itician whose boldness in opposing them is the Secretary may, to the extent authorized firm belief in conservative values. He mora appreciated. in Acts making appropriations, withhold any has been called a "liberal" by most ob payments from the United States to the servers, yet the values he espoused are City, either directly or through the State, which may be or may become due pursuant perhaps perceived by the public as "con to any law and offset such withheld amounts servative." AMENDMENT OFFERED TO H.R. 10481 against any claim the Secretary may have In his well-known book, "Points of Re against the City or any Financing Agent bellion," Justice Douglas wrote of two pursuant to this Act. great tasks that face this country. The HON. HENRY S. REUSS LIMITATIONS AND CRITERIA first task he described was the problem OF WISCONSIN SEc. 6. (a.) A loan may be made under this of reallocating our resources. This is the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Act only if the Secretary determines that area that could, perhaps, be considered there is a. reasonable prospect of repayment his liberal side, but that label should Monday, December 1, 197 5 of the loan in accordance with its terxns and not obscure the fact that in an age of Mr. REUSS. Mr. Speaker, when H.R. conditions as he may deem appropriate to diminishing resources, reallocation is an 10481 is read for amendment, it is an insure repayment. The Secretary is author ized, without regard to section 10, to agree inevitable situation that requires an ticipated that an amendment will be of to any modification, amendment or waiver equitable solution. fered in the nature of a substitute in con of any such term or condition as he deems The second great task described by formity with the views of the President. desirable to protect the interests of the Justice Douglas could have been taken The amendment is as follows: United States. from a page in some speech by any self Strike all after the enacting clause and (b) At no time shall the outstanding described conseravtive. Let me quote insert In lieu thereof the following: amount of loans hereun der exceed in the from "Points of Rebellion": SHORT TITLE aggregate $2,300,000,000. (c) No loan shall be provided under this Our second great task is to control the SECTION 1. This Act may be cited as the Act unless: (i) the City and all Financing American bureaucracy. As the problexns of New York City Seasonal Financing Act of Agents shall have repaid according to their the nation and the states multiplied, the laws 1975". terms all prior loans under this Act which became more prolix and the discretion CONGRESSIONAL FINDINGS have matured, and (ii) the City and all granted the administrators became greater SEc. 2. The Congress makes the following Financing Agents shall be in compliance with and greater. Licenses or permits are issued if findings: the terms of any such outstanding loans. the agency deems it to be "In the public interest." Management of national forests (1) It is necessary for the City of New REMEDIES York to obtain seasonal financing from time and national parks is left to federal agencies to time because the City's revenues and ex SEc. 7. The remedies of the Secretary pre which in turn promulgate regulations gov penditures, even when in balance on an scribed in this Act shall be cumulative and erning the use of these properties but seldom annual basis, are not received and disbursed not in limitation of or substitution for any allow a public voice to ·be heard against any at equivalent rates throughout the year. other remedies available to the Secretary or plan of the agency. (2) At the present time the City is or the United States. The examples are legion and they cover a. may be unable to obtain such seasonal fi FUNDING wide range of subjects from 1'ood stamps, to nancing from its customary sources. SEc. 8. There are authorized to be appro highway locations, to spraying of forests or ( 3) It is necessary to assure such seasonal priated such sums as may be necessary (1) grasslands to eliminate certain species of financing, in order that the City of New to make loans authorized under section 4 trees or shrubs, to the location of missile York may maintain essential governmental of this Act, and (2) to pay any expenses bases, to the disposal of sewage or industrial services. incurred in the administration of this Act. wastes, to the granting of off-shore oil leases. CXXI--2395-Pa.l't 29 38032 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 1, 1975 These words can easily stand alone Douglas spelled out this view emphatically of my colleagues to another national title without any need for interpretation from when writing for the Court in Berman v. won by a sports team in my district. I Parker, the 1954 decision that upheld the me. I would, however, like to add one District of Columbia's ambitious Southwest would like to express my hearty con more tribute to the RECORD, one which renewal plan. "The concept of the public gratulations to the Southwestern Mich appeared in the Washington Post. In welfare is broad and inclusive," he said. "The igan College cross country team, the the following article, Justice Douglas' values it represents are spiritual as well as "Roadrunners", for their recent victory love for the land is described. We could physical, aesthetic as well as monetary. It at Rochester, Minn., in the NJCAA Cross all learn from his example. is within the power of the legislature to Country Championships. This marks the The article follows: determine that the community should be third consecutive time that the SMC beautiful as well as healthy, spacious as well A PIONEER OF THE LAW AND THE LAND as clean, well-known a.s well as carefully team has won the nationals, a new (By Carrie Johnson) patrolled." NJCAA record. "Come with me . . . Walk the 185 miles Increasingly, however, communities' de The team is ably coached by Mr. Ron to Cumberland . • . Hear the roar of wind sires for calm and spaciousness are colliding Gunn, who must be called the architect in thickets . . Discover the glory there is with individuals' choices of living styles. In of this dynasty of cross country running. ln the first fiower of spring, the glory there such confl.lcts, one might expect Douglas to At the national meet on November 8, is even in a blade of grass . .." defend the right of individuals to live any 1975, the Roadrunners broke the 1974 So wrote Supreme Court Justice William 0. where and any way they like. But Douglas record by five points. Scoring 39, they Douglas in the 1954 letter to The Post that went the other way last year when the Court sparked the hike which launched the long upheld, 7-2, a zoning ordinance in Belle had also set the 1974 record. Team Cap campaign to save the Chesapeake and Ohio Terre, New York, that barred the occupancy tain Joe Ofsansky won the meet with the Canal. of homes by more than two unrelated people outstanding time of 24:26:4 over a 5-mile In the many tributes to Douglas after he and thus restricted rentals to student course. Three members of the team retired from the Court this month, environ groups. finished in the top seven, five more in the mentalists have cited his crusades for the Writing for the Court, Douglas said that top twenty, and the entire team in the canal and other parks about as often as civil the ordinance would be suspect if it barred libertarians have quoted his impassioned de poor people, blacks, all transients, or un top 31 out of a starting field of 278. The fenses of free speech. But Douglas' love of married couples. But Belle Terre did have team has six All-Americans, which is Uberty and h1s love for the land should not the power to regulate sheer numbers of also a new national record. be put in separate chapters or paragraphs. boarders in order to combat congestion, traf This is truly a great Michigan team, The two are actually inseparable. The uni fic problems and noise. Citing his opinion and their hallmarks of team spirit and fying concept is the necessity for space, a in the D.C. renewal case, Douglas held that individual performance have set high cause that Douglas has championed with the police power "is ample to lay out zones standards for those who follow. I know equal fervor on the trail and on the bench. where family values, youth values, and the my congressional colleagues join me in To Douglas, ample space-legal and geo blessings of quiet seclusion and clean air graphical-is vital for diversity, for creativ make the area a sanctuary for people." sending the Roadrunners congratula ity, for what he once called "a flowering of Thus preservation may involve exclusion: tions and best wishes for continued man and his idiosyncracies." Individuals sanctuaries may be maintained by keeping success. must have room to roam, to stretch their out the crowds. It is a strain that runs muscles and their minds. through much of Douglas' conservation work, "Freedom of movement," Douglas once and one of the few areas in which he has wrote, "is the very essence of our free so failed to reconclle the ideas of liberty and FEDERALEMPLOYEESAVESTAX ciety . . . Like the right of assembly and mobillty with the interests of the land. PAYERSMONEY the right of association, it often makes all Douglas may have given priority to space other rights meaningful-knowing, studying, instead of settlers partly because he has arguing, exploring, conversing, observing and seen areas of calm and solitude being eroded ' even thinking." This is the declaration of a. rapidly-whlle personal freedom in other re HON. G. WILLIAM WHITEHURST civil libertarian, and the conviction of a hiker spects has been advanced. In his autobi OF VmGINIA too. ography, Douglas complained that his be IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In Douglas' view, the expanses of nature loved valley in Goose Prairie, Washington, are as precious as the liberties protected by has been invaded by campers, water pollu Monday, December 1, 197 5 the First Amendment. Therefore the claims tion, snowmoblles and sonic booms. And in Mr. WHITEHURST. Mr. Speaker, I of nature should be equally recognized in a pessimistic passage in the Mineral King court. This reasoning seemed to lie behind dissent, he wrote that perhaps the lakes and take this occasion to cite for my col Douglas' famous dissent in Sierra Club v. mountains "will not win. Perhaps the bull leagues the case of a Federal employee Morton, also known as the Mineral King dozers of 'progress' will plow under all the who has successfully found a way to case-an opinion which many lawyers regard aesthetic wonders. of this beautiful land." make a substantial saving for the Amer as quixotic, and which many environmental But to an impressive extent, Douglas' own ican taxpayer on her job. ists have memorized. e1forts have belied his fears. Many of the Mrs. Grace L. Gatewood is employed In that case, Douglas argued that natural regions that he wandered and wrote of are at the Norfolk Naval Air Rework Facil resources such as rivers, valleys, meadows, now parks; many of the libertarian stands and even clean air should be accorded legal that he first staked out in dissents have be ity. Some time ago, she took a long look standing "to sue for their own preservation." come the law of the land. at the delay which was occurring in the If a river or woodland cannot plead its own In reviewing this record, it is easy to fall repair and overhaul of automatic pilots. case, then those who "frequent it, or visit it back on the obvious metaphors and praise Her desire to do more than just her job merely to sit in solitude and wonderment are Douglas for his judicial pioneering, path led to a suggestion on how both time and legitimate spokesmen for it." finding and trailblazing. The images are costs could be cut. I am inserting an Douglas has been just such a spokesman, accurate to some extent, for Douglas has article written by Pat Franklin, which arguing for natural space as much a.s for served most happily and effectively as a scout, appeared in the Tuesday, November 25, personal privacy, the domain of ideas, and restlessly exploring the terrain ahead of other 1975, edition of the Norfolk Ledger-Star, other zones of autonomy that government men. Yet it is crucial to recognize that when and society should not invade. In his volumes Douglas has Invited people to join him on a which tells the story of Grace Gate of writings, many of the most eloquent state march, it has really been an invitation not wood's ingenuity. ments have been those protesting some in just to visit a place, but to enter into a Mr. Speaker, in a time when so much trusion-a wiretap, a. police raid, a. radio on process-the process of discovery and testing is being said about waste in Govern a streetcar, or a highway, or a dam, or mili and affirmation that is available to free ment, it seems to me that we ought to tary planes fiying too low over a chicken people in a spacious land. remember that there are many em farm. In most o:l these instances, Douglas• target ployees who are interested not only in has been the government: overzealous pollee, eliminating that waste but in cutting intolerant legislators, or agencies such as the costs as well. Mrs. Gatewood reflects the Forest Service and the Corps of Engineers SMC ROADRUNNERS WIN NATIONAL highest traditions of Federal service. I which, in his view, have become "great de JUNIOR COLLEGE TITLE am proud to have her as a constituent spoilers," serving special interests instead of and pleased that I can take this occa the public interest. But Douglas has not op sion make known her accomplish posed assertive government entirely. Public HON. EDWARD HUTCHINSON to authority can and should be used, he has OF MICHIGAN ments to my colleagues. The article fol maintained, to gain more dignity and oppor IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lows: HER INGENUITY SAVES THE TAXPAYERS MONEY tunity for individuals--to help the poor, to Monday, December 1, 197 5 enforce equal justice, to promote economic (By Pat Franklin) competition and to combat wretched living Mr. HUTCHINSON. Mr. Speaker, it is NoRFOLK.-Grace L. Gatewood is saving conditions which suffocate the splrlt." with great pride that I call the attention the taxpayers $14,375 annually. She has done December 1, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38033 it by cutting down on the number of rotors the Navy at the time, made personal appear great research universities during the the Norfolk Naval Air Rework Facility throws ances throughout the country and on radio past 100 years. One of the primary pur away. to recruit other young women to the Navy For her alertness, NARF recently gave the life. poses of these universities is to train aircraft instrument mechanic $660 under the "The three sisters in the Navy was unique, young men and women to the doctoral facility's Beneficial Suggestion Program. It so they picked it up. We really enjoyed it level in a variety of disciplines. Recently, was the highest award ever presented to a and there were a lot of advantages in the because of a tight employment situation woman artisan by the program. service." for individuals trained to the doctoral Mrs. Gatewood has worked in the Rotor Her other jobs have included everything level, there have been suggestions that Room, Avionics Division, for five years. After from window dressing and saleslady to col we ought to dismantle much of the grad awhile, she realized work was slowing up on lecting and selling antiques. She has also the automatic pilots. She found that it was served as union steward for the local lodge uate level educational structure that has because the rotors, an internal part of the of the International Association of Machin been developed at such great cost and automatic pilots, were getting scarce. That ists and: Aerospace Workers. effort over the past several decades. I was because they were classified as irrepa.ir Her husband, Martin, is also employed by think that such suggestions are prema able and were being discarded. NARF. ture. The experience of the LA TF pro She checked out the rotors which had been gram may be very instructive. LA TF has thrown away and found they worked. By tak many more opportunities for qualified ing pieces from some to repair others, and individuals than the number of appli ordering two additional pieces, almost half LIST OF PARTICIPANTS IN LATIN those previously thrown away can now be AMERICAN TEACHING FELLOW cants available. used. SHIPS David Wilson, a very insightful jour "I feel very good about the fact that we nalist who writes for the Boston Globe, saved this money," said Mrs. Gatewood. "And has been filing some highly interesting it has been successful, it really has. HON. THOMAS P. O'NEILL, JR. articles from the Middle East. The major "It was time-consuming," she said of the OF MASSACHUSETTS focus in the Middle East is on the need process of working through her idea.. "But I IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES felt I had enough experience so that I was for development which automatically highly qualified to make a judgment on it, Monday, December 1, 1975 means training which in turn means qualified teachers. And the biggest single otherwise I wouldn't have taken the time to Mr. work it through." O'NEILL. Mr. Speaker, I have source of that training in technology and She spent 1¥2 months developing her idea., served for the past 6 years as a member techniques is available from American then submitted it in 1973. It took this long of the National Advisory Board of the instructors. And those instructors get for the parts to come in for the beneficial Fletcher School's Latin American their primary training, whether it is suggestion board to verify her figures, test Teaching Fellowships-LA TF-program. management sciences or zoology, from the idea. and put it into practice. LATF, since its inception less than a dec She was cheered on in her efforts by one of our research universities. So, LATF, op ade ago, has sent over 300 young profes erating in this hemisphere has developed the supervisors (not hers) at NARF, William sors to Latin America to teach for a DeLoatch. a program that puts very significant "He encourages all employes to actively period of from 2 to 4 years. I am insert numbers of Americans into teaching as ing into the RECORD a list of the LA TF search for the ways and means to econo signments that enable them, on the one mize," she said. "At the same time, he participants on the program as of July 1, stresses equal employment opportunity. I 1975. Members will note that the partici hand, to use their training while at the feel that my success was due largely to his pants, the great majority of whom are same time making a crucial contribution encouragement." U.S. citizens, come from throughout the to the development process. LA TF has This is not the first time Mrs. Gatewood country. LATF is a national program al implemented this process with distinc has been a pioneer for the government. Dur tion. It is a process that meets the real ing her 3¥2 years in the Navy from 1943 to though based in Somerville, Mass. 1946, she was assigned to the team which set There are two short comments that I needs not only of the recipients but also up the Naval Electronics School in Gulfport, would like to make that are brought to of the participants. And that is the real Miss. mind by the LA TF program. First, the significance of the LATF program. She and her two sisters, who were also in United States has created a number of The list follows:
LATIN AMERICAN TEACHING FELLOWSHIPS-FELLOWS ON THE LATF PROGRAM AS OF JULY 1, 1975
Name (citizenship) Field/U.S. university latin American institution City, country
John Aram (United States) ------Management/MIT ••••••••••••••.••••••••...•.... Escuela de Negocios •••••••.•.•••.•.•.•••••• ..•.. Valparaiso, Chile. Julie Arazi (United States) ------TESL/University of Illinois ------Universidad de Oriente ------Cumana, Venezuela. Edgar Ariza- Nino (Colombia) •••.•••••••..•.•••••••••• Develop. economics/University of Wisconsin •••.•.•.. I.T.E.S.M ------Monterrey, Mexico. leonardo Atencio (United States) ------Economics/University of New Mexico ------CAPES, U. of Brasilia ••.•••..••••••••.•••.•.••••• Brasilia, Brazil. Peter ~a!llett (~nited States) •.•.••..•••.••••.•••••.•• BiologyfUniversityof Cal(fornia at Riverside ______I.T._E.S.M ------:-.------Monterrey•. Mexico:. Yves Baz1en (Umted States)------EconomiCS/Tufts Umvers1tY------Nabona1 School of P. Adm1n1s ...•••••••••••••....• Port-au-Pnnce, Ha1ti. Eric Blankmeyer (United States) ..•.•••••••• •••••••.••• Economics/Georgetown University ___ •••••••••••••• I.T.E.S.M ••....•••••••••••••••••.•••••••.•••••.• Monterrey, Mexico. Barry Bogin (United States) ••••••.••..•••••••••••••••• Anthropology/Temple UniversitY------Universidad del Valle •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Guatemala, Guatemala. Richard Bosson (United States) ______J. D./Georgetown ______UNIANDES/Assoc. Representative ______Bogota, Colombia. Raymond Bourne (British) ••.•.•••••••.•••.•.•.•.•••.• Dairy science/Michigan State University ••••.•.••••• Federal Univ. of lavras ••••••••.•.••••••••••••••• lavras, Brazil. Thomas Breen (United States) •••••...•••.•••.•.•••••• Educ. research/University of Connecticut______Pontificia U. Catolica •••.•••.•••••••...•••••••••.. Sao Paulo, Brazil. Stephen Bunker (United States) ______Sociology/Duke University ______U. Federal do Para ______Belem, Brail. Victor Carlson ______------_ TESL ___ •• _. __ ------__ • ____ ------•• Institute Pedag. Ex. de Maturin •• _------___ Monagas, Venezuela. Carl Castleton (United States) ______Entomology/University of New Hampshire ______U. Fed. do Minas Gerais ______B. Horizonte, Brazil. Ray Chesterfield (United States>------Education/UCLA .. ______U. Fed. do R. Grande do Sui. ______Porto Alegre, Brazil. Zoher Chiba (Pakistan)------Mech. en_g./U~iversity_of.California at Berkeley ______Un!v. M _etropolita~a------Caracas, Venezuela. Dewayne Coambs (Umted States)------TESL/Umvers1ty of lflmo1s, Urbana ______Umvers1dad de Onente ______: ______Cumana. Venezuela. Stanley Connell (United States) ______lang.-linguist/Georgetown University ______Univ. de los Andes ______. ______Bogota, \:olombia. Wyn Courtney (British) ______Education/Syracuse University ______Univ. Federal do Para ______Belem, Brazil. Thomas Dalglish (United States) ______law/University of California ______CAPES, U. of Brasilia ______Brasilia, Brazil. Old rich Dittrich (United States)._.------. ___ •• ____ • • Economics/Tufts University ___ ... ___ .------._. IBM_ ------•• _____ ••••••••••••••. ______.• Mexico City, Mexico. Margaret Dix (United States>------Biology/Harvard University ______Universidad del Valle ••• ·-····-·--···------Guatemala, Guatemala. Michael Dix (United States>------Biology/Harvard University ______Universidad del Valle ______Guatemala, Guatemala. Roy Heriberto Dixon (United States) ______Business/University of Pittsburgh ______UNIANDES ______Bogota, ;:oiombia. Peter Eaton (United States>------Economics/University of Florida, Gainseville ______U. Federal do Ceara ______Fortaleza, Brazil. Wayne Enders (United States) ______Econ. Geography/University of Texas ______U. Fed. Rio Grande do Silt ______Porto Alegre, Brazil. Kjell Enge (United States>------Anthropology/Boston University ______Universidad del Valle ______Guatemala, Guatemala. Pamela Eoff ______------__ Communications ______------____ ------I.T.E.S.M ••.• _------.------Monterrey, Mexico. Richard Feldman (United States) ______TESL/University of Illinois ______U. Nac. Autonoma de Managua ______Managua, Nicaragua. George Flowers (United States) ______Journalism-Comm/University of Florida ______Univ. de Costa Rica ______San Jose, Costa Rica. larry Foreman (United States) ______Physics/University of Colorado ______Univ. Experimental de Tachira ______S. Cristobal/Venezuela. Arthur Foster (United States>------Mech. eng./Yale UniversitY------Escuela Politecnica Nacional Quito, Ecuador. Hira lal Fotedar (India) ______Metal!. eng./University Washington ______lnstituto de Engergia Atomica ______Phiheiros, Brazil. Ellen Frank (United States>------Industrial psycho/ Purdue University ______I.T.E.S.M., Sabritas de Mexico ______Mexico City, Mexico. Faustino Garza (United States) ______------Business/Stanford University ______------UN lANDES. ------______Cali, Colombia. Enrique Gaynor (Argentina>------0. behavior/Michigan State University ______U. Nac. del Pacifico ______Lima, Peru. Mirta Gaynor (Argentina>------Education/Michigan State University ______U. Nac. del Pacifico ______lima, Peru. Paul Gibson (United States>------Economics/University of Washington ______Universidad del Valle ______Guatemala, Guatemala. Richard Goetz (United states>------law/University of Illinois ______U. Catolica Andres Bello. ______Caracas, Venezuela. frederick Golden (United States>------Chern. Eng./University California at Berkeley ______Univ. lberoamericana ______Mexico City, Mexico. Robert Graffam (United States) ______------Economics/Columbia University.------Maizena, S.A./UNIANDES __ ------; ------______Bogota, Colombia. 38034 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 1, 1975
LATIN AMERICAN TEACHING FELLOWSHIPS-FELLOWS ON THE LATF PROGRAM AS OF JULY 1, 1975
Name (citizenship) Field/U.S. university Latin American institution City, country
Rafael Grasso (Uruguay>------Business admin./Columbia University ______Univ. Fed. do Minas Gerais ______B. Horizonte, Brazil. E. Richard Greene __ ------Bio. eng ______---_------_---- ______----- Univ. lberoamericana ______------____ ------__ Mexico City, Mexico. Hartmut Guenther (Germany>------Social Psycho./University of California, Davis ______U. Fed. do Rio Grande do SuL ______Porto Alegre, Brazil. Arthur Gut (Switzerland) ______Math/Swiss Federallnst. of Tech ______Univ. of the Americas ______Puebla, Mexico. Manju B. Hertzig (India).------TEFL/School for lnt'l. Training Vermont______lnst. Pedagogico Ex. de Maturin ______Monagas, Venezuela . Robert J. Hertzig (United States>------lnt'l. Adm./Sch. lnt'l. Training Vermont______lnst. Pedagogico Ex. de Maturin ______Monagas, Venezuela. Ernesto Herzberg (Argentina>------Economics/New Sch. Soc. Research/New York ______DuPont, lnst. Tee. de Monterrey ______Mexico City, Mexico. David Hill (United States)------Mathematics/University of Oregon ______Univ. Ex. de Tachira ______S. Cristobal/Venezuela. David Hoelscher (United States>------Economics/University of Pittsburgh ______Escueta de Negocios ______Valparaiso, Chile. Martha Huggins (United States>------Sociology/University of New Hampshire·------~-- Fed. U. of Pernambuco ______Recife, Brazil. Kathleen ldoine (United States) ______TESL/School for lnt'l. Training/Vermont. ______IGA-U. San Carlos de Guate ______Guatemala, Guatemala. Margaret Jenks (United States>------Pol. Science/Duke University ______Pont. Universidade Catolica ______R. de Janeiro, Brazil. Thomas Jennings _____ ------___ Economics/Rice University ______------______I.T.E.S.M _____ ------Monterrey, Mexico. Lloyd E. Johnson (United States>------Physics/University of Iowa ______UNIANDES ______Bogota, Colombia. Richard Jolly ______------__ ------lnst. U. Ex. de Maturin ______Monagas, Venezuela. Jeffrey Jones (United States>------Business admin./University cf Texas ______Dixie, S.A ______Sao Paulo, Brazil. Vivekananda Kandarpa (India) ______Metall. eng./Ohio State University ______Institute Tee. de Enseada ______B. Calif., Mexico. Edward Kapinus (United States>------Education/University of Houston ______CAPES, Univ. of Brasilia ______Brasilia, Brazil. John Kerwin (United States>------Business-planning/University of West Florida __ ----- U.S. Marcos/Backus & Johnson ______Lima, Peru. Harold Koch (United States)------lnt'l business/University of Iowa ______Univ. del Norte ______Baranqj Colombia. John Kratt (United States)------lnt'l marketing/Florida State University ______I.T.E.S.M ______Monterrey, Mexico. Gerhard Kutsch (Germany) ______Education/Syracuse University ______U. Federal do Para ______Belem, Brazil. David Lamar (United States>------Social science/Syracuse University ______lnst. Tecnologico de Caracas ______Caracas, Venezuela. Howard Lambert (United States)------Math/University of Utah ______Universidad de Oriente ______Cumana, Venezuela. Robert Link (United States>------Educ. psycho/IJniversity of Oregon ______Universidad del Valle ______Guatemala, Guatemala. Francois Lombard (France>------Business/Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania. Universidad de los Andes ______Bogota Colombia. Carlos Maeztu (United States>------TEFL/School for lnt'l Training/Vermont______IGA-U. de San Carlos ______Guatemala, Guatemala. Gerald Maginnity (United States>------Library science/University of Western Ontario ______I.T.E.S.M ______Montrrey, Mexico. Jose Manduley (United States>------lnt'l dev. edt:c./University of Pittsburgh ______U. Federal do Rio G. do SuL ______Porto Alegre, Brazil. William Martin (United States>------Psychology/University of Illinois, Urbana ______Univ. Fed. do Para ______Belem, Brazil. Breen Murray (Unted States>------Anthropology/McGill University ______U. de Monterrey ______Monterrey, Mexico. Beth McCammon (United States>------Animal science/Univerisity of Illinois ______U. Centroamericana·------" ------Managua, Nicaragua. Richard Norwood (United States>------Mech. eng/M.l.T______Escuela Politecnica NacionaL ______Quito, Ecuador Elizabeth Noto (United States>------Educ. anthro./New York University ______Fed. U. of Ceara ______f'ortaleza, Brazil. Richard Oberc (United States>------TESL/University of Illinois ______lnst. Pedagogico Ex. de Maturin ______Monagas, Venezuela. Paul Oquist (United States) ______Pol. science/University of California at Berkeley _____ UN lANDES ______Bogota, Colombia. John Patterson (United States>------Elec. eng./University California at Berkeley ______U. San Marcos ______Lima, Peru. Carroll Perry (United States>------lnt'l econ./SAIS, J. Hopkins University ______Bank of Boston ______Sao Paulo, Brazil. Cary Perry (United States>------MA nursing/New York University ______Escola Paulista de Enfermagem·------~ ------Sao Paulo, Brazil. Juan Pozo-Otano (United States) ______Neurophysiology/University of San Marcos ______U. de Monterrey ______Monterrey, Mexico. Jaime Rabi (Chile) ______Chemistry/Washington University ______Univ. Fed. de R. de Janeiro ______R. de Jan./Brazil. Brian Reynolds (United States) ______------__ Library Science/UCLA ______U. Centroamericana ____ ------Managua, Nicaragua. Joe P. Richmond (United States) ______Chemistry/M.l.T. ______Univ. Ex . de Tachira ______S. Cristobal/Venezuela. Margaret Riisness (United States) ____ ------_- Linguistics/University of Michigan ______l.T.E.S.M ______------__ Monterrey, Mexico. Alvaro Salgado (Colombia) ______Finance/New York University ______ICASA, UN lANDES ______Bogota, Colombia. Carlos Scheel (Colombia) ______------_ Computer eng./ University of Michigan ____ ------I.T.E.S.M ______Monterrey, Mexico. Jack Schuster (United States) ______Botany/University of Florida ______Universidad del Valle ______Guatemala, Guatemala. Laura Schuster (United States) ______Botany/University of Michigan ______Universidad del Valle ______Guatemala, Guatemala. Arnaldo Sehwerert (Venezuela) ______Organiz behavior/Cornell University ______lnst. de Est. Super. de Admins ______Caracas, Venezuela. David Shinder ______------___ Communications ______------______l.T.E.S.M ______Monterrey, Mexico. Peter Singlemann (Germany) ______Sociology/Uni\ersity of Texas ______Univ. Autonoma Metropolitana ______Mexico City, Mexico. E. Maria Sordo (United States>------Bus admin./University of Florida ______UNIANDES ______Bogota, Colombia. Allan Spencer (United States>------Sociology/University of Pittsburgh ______U. de Nuevo Leon ______Monterrey, Mexico. Bernard Spinrad (United States>------Economics/UCLA ______" ------Universidad NationaL ______San Jose, Costa Rica. James Talbot (United States>------Biology/USC ______lnst. de Ciencias Basicas ______Asuncion, Paraguay. Margarita Tseng (Taiwan). ______------__ Lan. educ./School for I nt'l Training ______U. Centroamericana ______------___ _------__ Managua, Nicaragua. John Uggen (United States>------lnteramerican studies/University of Miami______Univ. de Oriente ______Cumana, Venezuela. Manuel Uriarte (Peru>------Finance, int'l bus./American University ______U. Federal de Lavras_ ------Lavras, Brazil. Robert Vargas (United States) _------Math/University of Texas, Austin ______Univ. de Carabobo ______Valencia, Venezuela. Luis Vega (Peru) ______------_ Oceanography/University of California, San Diego ___ Univ. de San Marcos ______------__ Lima, Peru. Florindo Villa-Alvarez (United States) ______Sociology/University Nac. Colombia ______Universidade Fed. do Lavras ______Lavras, Brazil. William Voxman (United States) ______Mathematics/University of Iowa ______Escuela Politecnica Nacionat______Quito, Ecuador. Robert Walker (United States) ______Educ. research/University of Mass ______Pontificia U. Catolica ______Porto Alegre, Brazil. Zlmarian Walker (United States) ______Educ. research/University of Mass ______Pontificia U. Catolica ______Porto Alegre, Brazil. John Ward (United States).------Economics/University of Oklahoma, Norman ______Federal U. of Ceara ______Fortaleza, Brazil. Sidney Wax (United States) ______Elec. eng./Stanford University ______U. lberoamericana ______Mexico City, Mexico. Frederick Whitam (United Stares) ______Sociology/Arizona State University ______Univ. del Valle ______Guatemala, Guatemala. Harvey Williams (United States) ______------____ Sociology/Vanderbilt University ______._ U. Centroamericana __ ------______------Managua, Nicaragua. Thomas Williamson (United States) ______------____ Elec. eng./University of New Mexico _____ ------U. I beroamericana ______Mexico City," Mexico. Lorna Wilson (United States) ______Linguist/Michigan State University ______lnst. de Tee. de los llanos ______Calabozo, Venezuela. Johanna Wilson (United States)_------Linguist/University of Michigan ______lnst. de Tee. de los Llanos ______V. PascuajVenezuela. William Wiltbank (United States) ______Agriculture/University of Florida ______Federal Univ. of lavras ______Lavras, Brazil. Frantisek Wolf (Czech.)------Math/University of California at Berkeley ______Universidad del Valle ______Guatemala, Guatemala. Warner Woodworth (United States) ______Psychology/University of Michigan ______Pontificia U. Catolica ______R. de Jan, Brazil. Mario Yepes-Baraya (United States) ______Education/SUNY al Buffalo ______I.T.E.S.M ______Monterrey, Mexico.
ZIONISM CALLED A WAY OF LIFE ZIONISM CALLED "A WAY OF LIFE" Zionize the Jew by reminding him of his link To the Editor: to the land of Israel. In the silent prayer George F. W1ll's Opinion Page column on (the Amidah), recited three times dally, the HON. WILLIAM M. BRODHEAD Zionism was rational and sympathetic, yet it Jew prayed and prays-"May our eyes behold OF MICHIGAN was short of describing Zionism in its his Thy return to Zion in mercy," and he blesses God, "Who restores His divine presence to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES toric perspective and magnitude. Zionism had its inception thousands of Zion." Monday, December 1, 1975 years before Theodore Herzl wrote his Juden The aspiration for the return of the Jewish stadt and called into being the modern, po people and for its independence in Israel was Mr. BRODHEAD. Mr. Speaker, the litical movement. When exiled from their not limited to prayer and ritual. It expressed House has overwhelmingly condemned land in the 7th century, the Jews sat by the itself in activities and movements through the U.N. anti-Zionist resolution. We hQ.ve rivers of Babylon and exclaimed, "If I forget out the centuries-constant pilgrimages to thus affirmed our strong belief that Zion thee, o Jerusalem •••" That was Zionism. the Holy Land, a number of messianic move ism is not equivalent to racism. I would It expressed itself in their t"eturn from the ments, the Jewish Legion in World War I, hope that all of us would take this op Babylonian exile, rebuilding the Temple and the Jewish armies that fought on the side of portunity to learn more about Zionism. reestablishing the Jewish commonwealth. It the Allies in World War II, etc.-all with the In an effort to describe what it is, the was also Zionism that inspired the Jews to yearning and striving to reestablish a Jewish resist the forces of the Roman Empire and to sovereignty in the land of their fathers. Detroit News of November 15, 1975, con fight !or their independence, both in the Herzl, the founder of political Zionism, tained an eloquent letter from a constit 1st and 2nd centuries. envisioned the Jews as a people, one people, a uent of mine, Mr. Louis Panush, which The Jewish tradition throughout the 2,000 historic entity with l'l. rich heritage, a com gives his view of Zionism. I wish to share years of dispersion employed ceremony and mon destiny and a message to the world. This that letter with my colleagues: prayer, personal and collective occasions to people must return to its homeland, . the December 1, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38035 Jewish state, and there live fully and crea of the institute might be engulfed in pro corporation into the ground the way they tively and make a distinctive contribution grams to screen and test chemicals as can did one of the world's great cities. not only to its own growth, development, cul cer hazards if that effort became the in Assume for a moment that businessman ture and values but to humanity and the stitute's top priority. Beame went before Senators Humphrey [D., world. Benno Schmidt, chairman of the presi Minn.], McGovern [D., S.D.], Jackson [D., Zionism was and is not only a great inter dent's three-man panel of advisers on can Wash.], and Kennedy [D., Mass.] with the national struggle for Jewish self-determina cer, said it was important for the institute same story Mayor Beame brings today. To tion and for Jewish human rights. It is the to define its proper role in attacking the wit: world's oldest anti-imperalist movement; it environmental cancer problem so that this "Gentlemen, our situation is desperate. aims at securing for the Jewish people the could be coordinated with other agencies True, there has been mismanagement on a rights possessed by other nations. that were involved. These include the Food colossal scale of our firm's finances over the Zionism is a philosophy of Jewish history, and Drug Administration, the Environmen last 10 years. Capital budgets were mllked a way of life, a revolutionary approach to tal Protection Agency and the National In for operating funds. Bonds were issued for secure the future of the Jewish people, both stitute. for Environmental Health Sciences. which we had, heh-heh, no real revenue inside and outside of the state of Israel. It Dr. William 0. Baker, president of Bell backing. But let's let bygones be bygones. is the expression of the destiny of the Jewish Telephone Laboratories, said future efforts "Today, Amalgamated stands on the brink people. Zionism is a badge of honor and the to manufacture synthetic liquid fuels from of bankruptcy. And unless this Congress bails marshaling of the Jewish will and resources coal would lead to the production of can us out of this mess, with billions in loan to live. cer-causing byproducts that must be kept guarantees, there will be riots in the streets, LoUIS PANUSH. out of the environment. economic ruin in the country, and [so George SoUTHFIELD. Dr. Shubik favors the establishment of . Ball warns us] communism will floUrish." six-to-12 special centers throughout the If businessman Beame tried to peddle country to conduct research on particular Mayor Beame's story to the 94th Congress, he aspects of the problem of environmental would find himself being dragged, at the NEW FOCUS URGED IN CANCER causes of cancer. He said it was obviously not head of a swarm of newsmen, from one com BATTLE feasible to mount a crash program of chem mittee room to another, to be ridiculed and ical testing. denounced before the TV cameras by the "I do feel, however," he said, "that this ambitious politicians on capitol H111. HON. JAMES J. FLORIO board may find itself faced with a situa Following which he and businessman Lind say would be made to explain to a federal OF NEW JERSEY tion in a year or so where it may have to consider vigorous action to meet national grand jury how it is they conspired to unload IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES needs in a field that acquires morA and hundreds of millions of dollars in X-rated Monday, December 1, 197 5 more public attention each day." bonds on investors, financial institutions, In a written report to the board today, and banks. Mr. FLORIO. Mr. Speaker, with the scientists of the cancer institute's epidemiol How do they get away with it? Why are full Committee on Interstate and For ogy branch said they had found no evidence the liberal Democrats of Fun City being eign Commerce beginning its considera to support the view that fluoridation of allowed to get away with the murder of tion of the Clean Air Act Amendments of water supplies in the United States was a one of the world's great communities, when 1975, I would like to bring to the atten cancer risk. any corporate executive who did to General "No significant excess mortality from can Motors what Beame and Lindsay did to New tion of my colleagues an article which York would be facing 2-20 in the Greybar appeared in the New York Times on No cer could be detected up to 5 years after fluoridation in areas where 95 percent of Hotel? vember 19. I feel this article accurately the population had been abruptly and con Even though he was the chief accountant represents the danger that pollutants tinuously exposed," said the report. The for the city when all the fiscal hanky-panky present to the health of the citizenry. was going on, Mayor Beame is allowed to scientists also discounted the possib111ty that posture as a scrappy fighter for the city's The article follows: there might be a cancer effect delayed be survival. NEw Focus URGED IN CANCER BATTLE-ADVISER yond 15 years. David Rockefeller, chairman of the Chase ASKS SEPPED-UP STUDIES OF ENVIRON The study was done because of a report Manhattan Bank, is permitted to cast him MENT published in The Congressional Record in self as corporate statesman, fighting for the (By Horld M. Schmeck, Jr.) July that said a link could be seen in cancer beleaguered city, when what he is battling statistics between fluoridation and excess WASHINGTON, November 18.-A member of for is federal guarantees for the hundreds the nation's top Advisory board on cancer re cancer risk. of millions of municipal bonds stacked up search today urged greater emphasis on the That report was written by the National in the vault of his bank. search for environmental causes of the dis Health Federation, a private group that has How the dominant Democrats of Capitol ease, noting that these are widely agreed to long opposed fluoridation. Hill fell upon Clement Haynesworth, Richard be the main causes of cancer in man. Nixon's nominee for the Supreme Court, The speaker, Dr. Ph111ppe Shubik, said the when they learned that one of his decisions National Cancer Institute was currently test may have benefited a subsidiary of a com ing about 500 commonly used chemicals to NO BUSINESSMAN pany in which he held a few shares of stock. see whether they are possible causes of can "Conflict of interest," they screamed, and cer and that it might be necessary to test turned him down. 1,500 at a time in the foreseeable future. HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI But no charge of conflict-of-interest is He said there was an urgent need to double OF U.LINOIS being leveled against the spokesman for New the number of scientists at the institute who IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES York City's panicked banks, as he roams the are studying the prevalence of cancer, its dis Hlll pressuring one congressman after an tribution geographically and in the popula Monday, December 1, 197 5 other to get the banks' chestnuts away from tion and other factors in the patterns of its the fire. occurrence. Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, as new For a decade now, businessmen have been Such studies are the province of epidemi developments occur in the saga of New the favored whipping boy of the politicians ology, a field of research in which the cancer York City's request for greater Federal on Capitol Hill. Not a week passes without institute has, at most, about a dozen scien financial support, I direct to the atten some new allega tlon of how our business tists. tion of the Members an article by Patrick leaders have gone and corrupted the virginal Dr. Shubik, director of an institute for Buchanan in the Tuesday, November 25, oil sheiks of the Persian Gulf or the poli cancer research at the University of Ne 1975, edition of the Chicago Tribune ticians of Seoul. braska, said epidemiologists were the first which we all ought to read carefully be How many times have we read of the "cor line of defense in detecting new potential porate contributions" which malevolent busi cancer hazards that might be missed by lab fore making our decisions on whatever nessmen have forced into the wallets of oratory :;>rograms to screen chemicals for can version of the New York City plan comes honest and appalled politicians? cer risk. before us: Perhaps, business deserves the weekly can At a meeting of the National Cancer Ad No BUSINESSMAN Is BEAME ing it receives from politicians and the visory Board today, he reported on delibera (By Patrick Buchanan) press. tions of a board subcommittee on causes of NEw YoRK.-Passing through here a week But when you reflect upon it, it was not cancer in the environment. ago and reading of the "cynically cruel and businessmen who lost the war in Viet Nam, The board is the main advisory body to reckless game" President Ford was suppos who ran the nation $200 billion in debt over the National Cancer Institute, which over edly playing with the city, the thought the last decade, who ignited the double-digit sees the Federal Government's broad $600- occurs: inflation that ate up America's savings and mlllion-a-year program of cancer research. What if New York Mayor Abe Bea.m.e had pensions and produced the worst recession SCREENING AND TESTING been a corporate executive instead of a lib since the 1930's. No, that was the work of our Several members of the board, including eral politician? Suppose he and John Lind politicians. _ Dr. Shubik, agreed that the entire budget say, his predecessor, had run a $12-billion Indeed, r find myself reasonably satisfied 38036 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 1, 19 '15 with the quality and variety of the autos, our constitutional mandate to oversee trade practices. On November 11, 1975, the freezers, TVs, lawn mowers, refrigerators, and legislate. House Commerce Subcommittee on Over cooling systems, houses, apartments, lee The 1965 Export Administration Act sight and Investigations found Commerce cream, food, cigarets, booze, books, and ball secretary Rogers Morton in contempt for his games available. This is what business pro declares U.S. opposition to boycotts im refusal to comply with a subpoena for doc vides. posed by certain foreign countries uments concerning boycott requests made Business runs the telephone company; the against others friendly to the United by foreign countries to American firms. sev government runs the post office. Which of States. eral other Congressional Committees have the two is the disaster area? Religious or Nevertheless, the Commerce Depart been frustrated by Department evasion and ganizations and private institutions run our ment has circulated among American unresponsiveness in their requests for other parochial and private schools; government firms trade offerings from Arab League information regarding the cooperation of the runs the public schools. Which of the two Department of Commerce and U.S. industry is the failure? nations which contain boycott demands. With Arab boycott demands. Business' first responsib1llty is to provide Department practice under Secretary The documents and ln!ormation the sub the American people with quality consumer Morton has been to recite--not enforce- committees have requested are essential 1t goods and services. It does tolerably well. the law to companies and then assure the Congress is to determine whether the Government's first responsibility is to protect them it would not be illegal to comply statutes on restrictive trade practices have the average citizen from domestic violence witll the boycott. Rather than work to been violated and whether new legislation and crime. Need we say more. abolish the boycott and related practices, is required. They are also needed to deter The disdain of the pollticlan in Washing the Department has reinforced them by mine the extent to which the civil rights of ton for the businessman is more than an U.S. citizens are being abridged. By denying ideological animosity; it is the contempt seeking to help U.S. firms get around or the Congress crucial information regarding which failure often exhibits for success. comply with them. the execution of the law, secretary Morton The House Commerce Subcommittee has jeopardized our constitutional mandate on Oversight and Investigations recently to oversee and legislate. found Secretary Morton in contempt The 1965 Export Administration Act, after he repeatedly refused to provide which the Commerce Depa.rtment is man LAWMAKERS URGE RICHARDSON subpenaed information concerning boy dated to enforce, states that the United MAKE ANTIBOYCOTT VOW OR cott requests made by foreign countries States opposes boycotts imposed by foreign BE REJECTED countries &gains+. nations friendly to the to American firms. The fulli Commerce U.S. and Will actively discourage American Committee will be asked to approve the companies from furthering or supporting contempt citation December 2 and send them. Nevertheless, the Department has HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL the matter to the full House. circulated among American firms tra.de of OF NEW YORK In a letter to Senator WARREN G. MAG ferings from Ara.b League nations which con IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES NUSON, chairman of the Commerce Com tain boycott dem11.nds. Department prac mittee, we are asking the Senate to se tice under Secretary Morton has been to Monday, December 1, 1975 recite--not enforce~the law to companies cure from Mr. Richardson commit and then assure them it would not be illegal Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, 28 of ments to: to comply with the boycott. Rather than our colleagues today joined me in urging First, comply with all congressional work to abolish the boycott and related prac the Senate Commerce Committee tore committee requests for the information tices, the Depar-tment has reinforced them ject the nomination of Elliot Richardson requested from Secretary Morton and by seeking to help U.S. firms get around or to be Secretary of Commerce unless he the Department in order that Congress comply With them. specifically commits himself to cooperat may perform its constitutional function; Notwithstanding our Nation's formal op ing position to the boycott, the pra.ctlca.l effect with the Congress in opposing the Second, end the circulation of trade of the Commerce Department's policies in Arab boycott and related cllscriminatory offerings which contain boycott de promoting trade in this manner is both to trade practices. mands; further the effectiveness of the boycott and The present Secretary, Rogers Morton, Third, bar all acts of discrimination by to undermine our ab111ty to impede it. has been cited for contempt of Congress the Department of Commerce and U.S. With the nomination of Ambassador by a House subcommittee for his refusal industry against U.S. citizens; Richardson as Secretary of Commerce the to comply with a subpena for documents Fourth, encourage higher ethics in in opportunity is at hand to reverse these dis turbing policies Within the Department. We concerning boycott requests made by for ternational trade by U.S. firms; respectfully request that the senate Com eign countries to American firms. Fifth, bar all acts of discrimination merce Committee secure from Mr. Richard Several other congressional commit against U.S. businesses which may be son during his confirmation hearings com tees-including the House Government Jewish owned or operated, or may em mitments to: Operations Subcommittee on Commerce. ploy Jews; (1) comply with all Congressional Com Consumer and Monetary Affairs, which Sixth, refer to the Department of Jus mittee requests for the information requested I chair-have been frustrated by De tice for criminal prosecution all cases of from secretary Morton and the Department U.S. companies and individuals who com in order that Congress may perform its con partment evasion and unresponsiveness stitutional function, in requests for other information regard ply with the Arab boycott in apparent (2) end the circulation of trade offeringP ing the cooperation of the Department of violation of antitrust, securities and which contain boycott demands, Commerce and U.S. industry with Arab other U.S. laws, and (3) bar all acts of discrimination by the boycott demands. Seventh, revoke or recommend revo Department of Commerce and U.S. industry President Ford's recent Executive cation of subsidies and grants to U.S. against U.S. citizens, (4) encourage higher ethics in interna orders regarding foreign discrimination companies and entities which comply tional trade by U.S. firms, against U.S. citizens underscore the need with the Arab boycott. ( 5) bar all acts of discrimination against for new legislation to combat this prob The letter follows: U.S. businessmen which may be JeWish lem and emphasize the importance of the HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, owned or operated, or may employ Jews, Congress having the information it has Washington, D.C., November 27, 1975. (6) refer to the Department of Justice for requested. The President's actions are Hon. WARREN G. MAGNUSON, criminal prosecution all cases of U.S. com very narrow in scope and, the White Chairman, Senate Commerce Committee, panies and individuals who comply With the House concedes, do not deal directly with Washington, D.C. Arab boycott in apparent violation of anti DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: President Ford has trust, securities and other U.S. laws, the Arab boycott. nominated Elliot Richardson to be the sec.re (7) revoke or recommend revocation of The material requested by the various tary of Commerce, which requires the advice subsidies and grants to U.S. companies and committees is essential if the Congress entities which comply With the Arab boy and consent of the senate. While we believe cott. is to determine whether the statutes on Mr. Richardson to be an able and distin restrictive trade practices and the civll we respectfully urge that, should these guished public servant, there is one serious commitments not be forthcoming, the Sen rights of U.S. citizens are being violated question in our minds regarding this nomi ate Commerce Committee reject Mr. Rich and whether new legislation is required. nation. ardson's nomination. By denying the Congress crucial infor We are gravely concerned about the Com We very much hope the Committee and mation regarding the execution of the merce Department's policies regarding the Mr. Richardson Will be responsive to the law, Secretary Morton has jeopardized Arab boycott and related discriminatory concerns we raise. We would be pleased to December 1, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38037 supply the Committee with further informa food stamp battle is really all about. To keep ment's own predictions are for a. reduction tion for the record on this matter. fair minds off the big rip-offs that are occur in the size of the program as the economy Sincerely, ing everyday involving billions of taxpayers improves. Jerome Ambro, Jr., William M. Brod dollars. But what about the cheaters? The Agri head, George E. Brown, Jr., Yvonne B. What better way to do it than to throw culture's own figures show that only 0.08 . Burke, Charles J. Carney, Robert F. the poor to the wolves. They don't have any percent of the households receiving stamps Drinan, Dante B. Fascell, Hamilton high powered "lobbyist up in Washington who do so fraudulently". That's along way from a. Fish, Jr., Donald M. Fraser, Michael can take the mental incompetents we elect $200 million dollar "mistake" on the cost of Harrington, Edward I. Koch, Clarence to office out to dinner where some Fa.nne a. destroyer. D. Long, Matthew F. McHugh. Foxe is putting on a. road show. The only Toby Moffett, John E. Moss, Robert N. C. thing that they can do is bear the burden Nix, Richard L. Ottinger, Thomas M. that falls heavily on their collective backs. Rees, Robert A. Roe, Benjamin S. The harried taxpayer who watches the bu TITLE XX ELIGIDILITY Rosenthal, James Scheuer, Stephen J. reaucrats slice his paycheck into rat bait Solarz, Fortney H. Stark, James W. doesn't give a hoot who gets the ax, all he Symington, Morris K. Udall, Charles wants is to hang on to more of his money. HON. ROBERT W. EDGAR A. Va.nik, Henry A. Waxman, Sidney R. So whatever victim is thrown to him by OF PENNSYLVANIA Yates. conniving politicians and bureaucrats is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Members of Congress. hastily squashed like an offending cockroach. The politicians and the bureaucrats know Monday, December 1, 1975 this and when things get rough they pick out the choicest victim available and throw Mr. EDGAR. Mr. Speaker, today I am I DESTROYING THE MYTHS ABOUT them out a piece at a. time. You can bet introducing into the REcoRD a report FOOD STAMPS one thing, however, its always somebody who received from Mr. John F. Bauer, exec can't fight back. utive director, Services for the Aging, in The William Simons of the world know my district in Pennsylvania. Mr. Bauer, HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL this which is why they are not afraid to sail through firsthand experience, points outright lies across the nation like paper out the added administrative costs that OF NEW YORK airplanes letting them fall where they may. implementation of the "means test" has IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES After all who's going to dispute them. Pre sumably they are sitting astride all of the incurred, as well as its tendency to dis Monday, December 1, 1975 facts so they should know what they are courage participation by senior citizens Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, the poor talking about. in necessary social services. in America are always the target of The fact that they may be talking off the Mr. Speaker, the "means test" as a abuse. When a city decides to cut its top of their colossal ignorance or maliciously viable method of determining eligibility budget--whether by choice or by need distorting the facts or projecting biased pre has backfired. In short, it does more it is programs for the poor which are sumptions into areas which they consider harm than good and should be elim politica.lly expendable 1s a. thing that seldom inated. I believe that my colleagues will slashed first. When the President calls dawns on the victim-hungry taxpayer. More for a $28 billion reduction in Federal over, these striped pants fakes know that find the following memorandum in spending, he is talking about reducing once a. lie is out it is almost impossible to formative: the budget for people-oriented pro lay it to rest. To: COSA Advisory Council For one thing there are so many shallow From: John F. Bauer, Executive Director, grams. When private industry reduces Services for the Aging its workforce, it is those who earn the minded politicians who have never had an original thought in their lives who can be Subject: Title XX EligibiUty least who find themselves at the head depended upon to take up the cudgel to any As requested I have prepared this memo of the line in the unemployment office. helpless victim that the taxpayers frown on randum outlining many of the administra Now the recipients of food stamps in order to earn some brownie points. tive problems inherent in implementing the are under attack as well. Few political Facts are unimportant to this crowd. It Title XX eligib111ty determination regula leaders point to the fact that food stamps gives them a. headache. All they want is a. tions. are set at a level far below what a fam statement by some bureaucrat and they are I think it important to stress the emo ily, especially one with growing children, 0ff to the races. tional context in which we have to admin Because William Simon lied about the food ister these regulations. You are aware that needs to survive. Instead, the focus is on many older persons consider this "means the relatively few cases of abuse. No stamp program being a "haven for cheaters and rip-off artists," without providing any test" to be degrading and an invasion of pri body criticizes the Agriculture Depart supporting facts beyond his enormous imagi vacy. Many have refused to have their e11- ment for failing in its repsonsibility to nation, some 20 million people who desper gib1lity determined. Many persons have been actively seek out those Americans who ately need the help are now in danger of misinformed about what the Title XX eli c>,re eligible for food stamps. Instead, being cut from the food stamp rolls if some gib1llty determination is and many others they refuse to recognize that growing of the eager beaver bills now pending before have been confused by our integrated fund Congress become law. ing concept where Title III or VII Older unemployment in this Nation is a log American Act funds are combined with Title ical reason for an increasing number of There are three basic charges against the food stamp program: " ( 1) the families of 4 XX funds to extend services. families benefiting from the food stamp earning $16,000 a. year are eligible for food While integrated funding is confusing to program. st amps, (2) that the food stamp program is many, it has allowed us to maximize avail In its October 30, 1975, issue, the Okla out of control and (3) that the food stamp able services to those ineligible for Title XX homa Eagle had a hard-hitting editorial program is filled with cheaters and chiselers." and also to those who would be eligible for which I would like to share with my Title XX but refuse to complete the eligibil What are the f-acts? A report put out by the ity forms. colleagues in Congress: Community Nutrition Institute of Washing Before I detail many of the administrative THE FOOD STAMP RED HERRING ton, D.C. quotes official Agriculture Depart problems we have encountered, I also want to Sometimes one almost wishes that the con ment figures which show that (1) 100 per stress that there is no objection to the intent servatives could have their way and cut out cent of the households receiving food stamps of these regulations, that is to insure that all of the social programs. The results would have annual incomes of less than $10,000 per the limited funds available for these services be as mteresting as Marie Antoinette's 'let'em year, (2) nearly half of the families earn less are directed to those low-income individuals eat cake' campaign. than $3,000 a year and that only 12 percent or families who are most in need of the serv Take the food stamp controversy. Here we of the families have incomes of over $6,000 ice and least able to obtain it. have at least 8 million people out of work ner year. Moreover, most or the fa.m111es in The major problem we have encountered (depending upon whose statistics you are the $6-10,000 bracket are large fa.mllles with in implementing these regulations is the using-some place the total at double that five or more persons in the family. documentation of income. This is extremely number) but what is our dear government What are the reasons for the !Zl'Owth of difficult for an older person as there is no doing about this massive breakdown in the the program? Is it out l)f control? There are check stub with an SSI or Social Security system? Why they are out in the boondocks three reasons ( 1) Many counties began a check. It is not practical to see the check trying to find out if Joe Blow is trying to food stamp program for the first time ever in since everyone receives their check on the cheat the government out of $10 worth of the late 1960s, (2) there has been a shift of same day; in most cases the checks are de food stamps. Nevermind those cost over runs nearly 2,000 counties away from the old sur posited or cashed immediately so it is not by our precious armament makers. Would plus commodity food program to food stamps possible to see the check. you believe a destroyer could start out costing and, (3) because of the sharp rise in unem Many persons now have their check sent $400 million to build and wind up. costing ployment in 1974, many family incomes are directly to the bank which has been rec $600 million to complete? Oh but tha.ts only brought down to levels that make them ommended to avoid the danger of theft. In the tip of the iceberg and thats what the eligible. Moreover, the Agriculture Depart- almost all cases, clients have been unable to 38038 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 1, 1975 produce letters notifying them of their most of the Ripon Society developed a specific 2. Impose tuition at City University or recent Social Security benefit amounts. set of proposals to remedy the dis.tress of shrink the University substantially. For those people on Social Security we New York City. 3. Contract out a substantial portion of must ask them to sign a consent form au garbage pickups. thorizing the Social Security Office to re The proposal is pretty tough, calling 4. Eliminate agencies or agency functions lease the amount of their benefit to the for a 1 year balancing of the New York which duplicat e services performed by the County Board of Assistance to document City budget rather than the 3 year period private sector or by Federal or State pro their income. This is a complicated proce favored by the President, the Governor grams which are as effective, such as, WNYC, dure as it involves another form and the sig and others. However, the proposals spec WNYC-TV, The Human Rights Commission, nature of both the beneficiary and spouse, if ify that, if New York made the hard de Consumer Protection Agency (advocacy and applicable, the claim number and other iden cisions necessary, Federal guarantees legislative functions), City Mitchell-Lama tifying information. Four agencies (the pro program and Housing Development Corpora vider agency, Area Agency on Aging, Social should be available to prevent default. tion. Security Office and County Board of Assist The New York Ripon Chapter offered recommendations for expense reductions INCREASES OF EARNINGS ance) may now be involved in helping this 1. Return to Vacancy Decontrol, to induce client establish eligibllity. which are more drastic, but at the same owners to stay wit h rental residential prop It would appear that few Social Security time, more responsible, than others pub erty and pay real estate taxes now in default. benefit amounts for persons over age 60 lished by either the friends, or the ene 2. Have the State collect the City income would exceed the Title XX eligibility levels mies, of New York City. taxes. of 80% of the states median income per fam In general, the Ripon statement is a 3. Raise Mitchell-Lama rents to the ily size. In Pennsylvania these amounts are amounts necessary to remove projects from $464 per month for one and $606 for two first-rate blue print for retrieving New York City from the brink of its attempted default, providing direct appropriations to persons. Where Social Security is the only subsidize needy cases. source of income, the amount of verification fiscal suicide. required is far in excess of any benefit to be The Ripon proposal follows: MANAGEMENT 1. derived from screening out ineligibles. I RIPON STATEMENT ON NEW YORK CITY Retain the superagencies, but eliminate would question if the Social Security maxi all commissioner positions under superagency mum benefit levels are in excess of Penn The New York City fiscal crisis is more of administrators, and vest them with the com sylvania's Title XX eligibil1ty levels. If there a failure of nerve and common sense than a missioner's powers. are benefits in excess of these amounts they fiscal failure. The City is immensely rich, 2. Reduce all multimember paid boards to would be an insignificant percentage of the notwithstanding its obvious problems and three members (e.g., Board of Education, City total number of beneficiaries. has the ability to maintain its standard of Planning Commission, Board of Standards Since there is no way of investigating an service and compassion for its poorer citizens and Appeals) . individual's claim that Social Security is out of its own resources--but such potential 3. Invest what is necessary to make the their only source of income, the resultant cannot be realized without the exercise of welfare-Medicaid data processing system verification process seems awfully expen the nerve and common sense which has been work. sive since we know that an exceptionally sorely lacking. GENERAL ECONOMIC PROBLEMS high percentage of these cases will be eligible. In issuing this statement, the Society 1. Make the hiring of illegal aliens a crime, It would appear cost effective to certify this would like to stress several points. if done knowingly or under circumstances eligibility automatically where Social Secu Despite the current conventional wisdom where the employer should have known. Re rity is the only source of income. that budget balancing should take place quire a question of such status on all wel Redetermination of eligibility is now re over three years, we feel that a one year fare applications and require all City agen quired at slx month intervals, while this is balancing is required, with symbolic tax cies to report illegal aliens to the immigra better than the three month interval orig cuts taking place in the second and third tion service. inally proposed, it would seem that a one years. The long term problem of the decline 2. Repeal all blue laws so that the City year interval for persons over 60 would be in the number of jobs in the City must be can do business on Sunday. more realistic as u:::ed to be the case in Title addressed, and addressed in a way other Our recommendations are not the only VI. In almost all cases of persons over 60 than by press releases. Just as investor con changes necessary. The usual list of labor requesting services, they are on a fixed in fidence has declined to the point that the excesses, financially unsound pension sys come and the income is unearned. It would capital markets will not absorb the City's tems and examples of mismanagement have not tend to fluctuate. offerings, so the confidence in the City by been well documented elsewhere and should We are also required to notify clients of business has also declined. Action on this also be faced and attacked. both eligibility and ineligibility for the serv is crucial. Our suggestions can be implemented im ice and of their right to an appeal and fair Some of our proposals are only symbolic, mediately and without violating any collec hearing if denied service. When eligibillty is while others bring with them an impact of tive bargaining contract. We call upon the denied, this notice provides due process; but magnitude. Such symbolism is required, we City (and the State where necessary) to what is the point of notifying the client, in feel, to make convincing to investors that adopt this program. triplicate, of eligibility for a service they are substantia, change has been made. For further information, please contact currently receiving. There wlll be people fired by the proposals either Dr. Edward Goldberg at his office These procedures have created additional we have made, but on balance we feel that (212/262-3550), or Lewis Bart Stone, Esq. at demands on already over-burdened staff as such hardship is a lesser evil than the decay his office (212/ 986-3131). well as increasing costs for supplies. I have of the City. We call for action nonetheless to had to request the additional position of a alleviate the personal difficulties of those laid Records Manager be created to handle the off by requiring all City hiring (including ST. LOUIS POST-DISPATCH EN necessary paperwork for Title XX eligibil1ty. Board of Education and other non-mayoral DORSES HATCH ACT REFORM While the intent of the eligibility deter agencies) go through a central clearing mination process is t o insure that limited house so that those terminated have the first funds are directed to those persons most in chance to be considered for all new positions need, these procedures are diverting funds and vacancies in the future. HON. WILLIAM (BILL) CLAY from services. The additional costs of eligi Our approach is closely allied to National OF MISSOURI bility determination must be drawn from Ripon Society's call for federal guarantees IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES these same limited funds. From our experi to prevent default which could take place ence, I must question whether the costs of even in the face of the balancing of the Monday, December 1, 1975 certifying eligibllity as required by current budget on current basis. If the City chooses procedures can be substantiated by those Mr. CLAY. Mr. Speaker, on October 21, who would be determined ineligible. I believe to make the hard decisions we call for, we 1975, the House of Representatives, by a they can not be. feel that default could stlll come, and that vote of 288-119, overwhelmingly ap this should be prevented. If the City does proved H.R. 8617, the Federal Employ not take the steps we outline, then default ees' Political Activities Aot of 1975. should not be prevented. There were no weakening amendments RIPON SOCIETY STATEMENT ON New York Ripon's plan to meet this con added referred to the Senate. dition, set forth in outline below and in and it was NEW YORK CITY FINANCIAL Favorable action is anticipSJted by our DISTRESS detall (with analysis) 1n the Appendix at tached, is comprehensive, covering expendi colleagues there. ture, management, income and the basic By taking this action, the House ap HON. BILL FRENZEL City economy. The proposals require little proved legislation which will modify the OF MINNESOTA time to implement and little or no complex Hatch Act by permitting 2.8 million Fed IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES implementation. eral civilian and postal employees the REDUCTION OF EXPENDITURES right to participa;te voluntarily and as Monday, December 1, 1975 1. Eliminate six to eight municipal hos private citizens in the political life of Mr. FRENZEL. Mr. Speaker, early in pitals, transferring patients, and medical this Nation so long as those activities do November, the New York State Chapter and nursing staffs to other units. not even 31ppear to compromise the in- December 1, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38039 tegrity of the merit system or the im for nonpartisan organizations such as Com needs of the elderly. I am asking that partial administration of the functions mon Cause. the bill which I am introducing today When the Hatch Act was enacted, it was and the legislative analysis produced by of Government. intended to prevent coercion of and kick I am now pleased to report that the backs by federal employes. The House bill is the Library of Congress be printed in the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, whose inde not perfect, and some of its provisions may RECORD. pendence and integrity is well known, turn out to require improvement in the Sen Mr. Speaker, allow me to briefly de has provided its editorial endorsement ate. But basically it would remedy the 1939 scribe some special features of this bill: to H.R. 8617. It is with pleasure that I act's undesirable effects while imposing re First, it creates a five-man Federal share this editorial with you. straints against abuses the Hatch Act was Advisory Council on long-term care, [From the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, originally designed to avert. whose designated Chairman is the Com Nov. 10, 1975] missioner of the Administration on Ag AMENDING THE HATCH ACT ing and whose functions are to provide In 1939 in order to prevent federal em advice and recommendations to the Sec ployes from being coerced and organized into LONG TERM CARE AN INTEGRATED retary and to approve all long-term care a political machine, Congress enacted a meas COMMUNITY APPROACH TO OUR regulations of the Secretary before they ure officially titled "An Act to Prevent Per SENIOR CITIZENS become effective. nicious Political Activities." Now after 36 years, including at least a decade of agitation Second, it establishes a simplified en for change, the House of Representatives has HON. H. JOHN HEINZ III rollment process for the elderly which approved a substantial modification of the among other things, enables persons al so-called Hatch Act, which prohibited most OF PENNSYLVANIA ready enrolled under part B of medicare political activities by federal employes. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to be simultaneously enrolled under a The main argument of opponents of the Monday, December 1, 1975 new part D-the long-term care services House bill (H.R. 8617) is that it will allow the program. politicalization of the federal public service. Mr. HEINZ. Mr. Speaker, today I am Third, it creates a State long-term care The chief argument of its supporters is that introducing a bill entitled the "Long agency which will designate service areas it will relieve federal employes of an unfair Term Care Amendments of 1975" which restriction on their enjoyment of the same within the State and assist the orga establishes under medicare a new section, nization of community long-term care free speech and association rights that other part D-Long Term Care Service. It also citizens have. While we concede that the con centers. cerns of opponents are not unreasonable, we contains major new provisions which I Fourth, it establishes a Federal long think the proponents of change have made a believe will significantly increase the in term care trust fund. This fund would persuasive case for the bill that the House volvement of senior citizens in planning be derived from individual premiums, has approved and sent to the Senate, where it for their own care needs. My colleague, and general revenues of Federal and is now being considered by the Post Office the Honorable GLENN BEALL, Republican State Governments-with the State con and Civil Service Committee. of Maryland, has just introduced this tribution set at 10 percent. As pointed out by Missouri Representative legislation in the Senate on Thursday, William Clay, chairman of the House sub Fif'th, the community long-term care November 20, 1975. centers would function as providers, cer committee which handled the bill, circum It is with great satisfaction that I in stances have changed since 1939. At that time tifiers, evaluators and guarantors of serv only 32 per cent of the federal work force of troduce this bill before you today, be ice. These centers would have a govern 950,000 was under the merit system, which cause I believe it represents the begin ning of a process that will result in pas ing board composed of a majority of in means that 68 per cent of all federal workers dividuals who are enrolled or eligible to then might have been subjected to political sage of legislation for the elderly which be in the program. This form of govern pressure. Today almost 70 per cent of the at last, lives up to our oft-stated com 2,800,000-member federal work force is under mitments to them. Let me remind you of ance would promote local control, ac the merit system. The merit system has been some of these important commitments, countability and the formation of a strengthened and institutionalized under made in reference to their health care unique partnership of providers and re Civil Service. need.;, repeated by Congress and the cipients of care. The center will carry on Although H.R. 8617 would allow federal a continuous followup with each in employes to engage in political activities White House in numerous task forces, white papers, House, Senate and admin dividual who receives benefits under part without specifying what activities, the bill D. contains safeguards to prevent them from istration reports. We have said that a utilizing their federal positions in ways that coordinated integrated delivery system Sixth, the bill provides a $36 per year might interfere with nonpartisan public for comprehensive health services should increase in supplemental security income service. The measure would prohibit all fed be made available to all the elderly. benefits which will cover the $3 per eral employes, including Cabinet secretaries, We have said that this system should month premium established by part D. from engaging in political activity while on Seventh, the bill will amend the Pub duty or in a federal building; would prohibit be developed, financed and implemented to insure continuity of both short and lic Health Service Act to provide for the the solicitation of political contributions by training of personnel, to implement this superiors; would require federal employes long term care for the aged. We have running for full-time elective office to take a called for increased opportunities for our system. leave of absence without pay from their jobs senior citizens to express their own needs Mr. Speaker, I want to stress that this at least 90 days before an election; would set for care and to actively participate in bill represents onJy a beginning in our penalties-including removal, suspension or decisionmaking and evaluation activities attempts to formulate a health care sys other discipline-for violations o!' the law; which affect the quantity and quality of tem for the elderly which is comprehen would make it a federal crime to use official care available to them. We have recog sive, responsive and cost-effective. We authority, influence or coercion to affect the nized that neither the present medicare know that our elderly citizens are not result of any election, or affect any individ well served by the medical care system ual's right to vote or not to vote. The Civil system nor the medicaid system as cur Service Commission would be empowered to rently conceived, are designed to provide which serves the general population. investigate complaints; and a three-member the kind of long term ca.re the elderly However, we do not know whether we presidentially-appointed independent board, require. should, as we consider the form of a whose decisions would be reviewable in the We are just beginning to recognize national health system, include both long courts, would be established to hear cases in that a concerted effort is needed to bring term care and acute care as part of this volving alleged violations. together a continuum of care services system or whether the national health Revisions of the Hatch Act seem necessary system will be of such scope to preclude not only because of its rigid restrictions on for the elderly at the community level the political rights of nearly 3,000,000 citizens through some form of organization that such coordination. but also because of its imperfections and un will be responsive to and accountable for We know too that almost a quarter of foreseen effects. For example, thousands of meeting the long-term care needs of the those who are in need of long term care administrative rulings have resulted in am elderly. Finally, we know now that care are not elderly persons. But we do not biguities. A federal employe may now ex for the elderly involves both medical and know whether a long term care program press his political opinion publicly but may non-medical services in careful coordi can be properly designed to serve the not address a political gathering. Because of various needs of such persons as the the Hatch Act restrictions, many able people, nation. according to one committee member, refuse Mr. Speaker, I believe that this bill handicapped child, the mentally im to work for the Federal Governmen.t; and provides the needed followup on these paired adult, and the chronically ill many of those who do are afraid even to work commitments and zoeeognjzes the care elderly person. CXXI--2396-Part 29 38040 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 1, 1975 I anticipate that the Subcommittee on must confess considerable disappoint were not already using electricity at sub Health and Long Term Care of the House ment with the legislation before us. sistence levels. Select Committee on Aging, of which I I have advocated meaningful tax re Industrial consumers, given the most am the ranking minority member, will form with two specific objectives in mind. favorable rates because it costs less to soon initiate studies that will furnish First, it is clear that the current laws deliver large amounts of electricity to a Congress with responses to these and provide the means for wealthy people to single customer, have not similarly re other issues. avoid, delay payment, and reduce the duced their consumption in proportion to Mr. Speaker and my fellow colleagues, amount of taxes for which they are liable. residential consumers. allow me to close with a section from a This is demoralizing to the great major Thus, utility rates have actually pro paper delivered by Elaine M. Brody on ity of middle- and low-income taxpayers moted increased consumption by one May 10 of this year at the National Con who suffer in each paycheck from the group while they penalize smaller users ference on Social Welfare: bite of the withholding tax. It is easy to by charging a greater share of the cost Estimates of the proportion of older people condemn wealthy taxpayers for avoid for lower usage. who require long-term services vary, de ing taxes, but we should honestly admit The smaller user is not straining the pending on the nature of services included in that the loopholes they are using are capacity of generators or forcing new the estimate. Data from Shanas' broad what the Congress calls tax preferences studies show that one-fourth of all persons construction; it is the la.rger user, con 65 and over who live in the community re when we write them into law. The Con sun:ing the most power at the lowest rate quire home care services (1974). Adding those gress must seek other innovative means per kilowatt-hour, who creates excess de who require service because of mental im to achieve its end than these tax prefer mand. pairments and envirolll}lentally-imposed dis ences, which usually end up distorting Recently, I introduced legislation to abilities, s. Brody states the target popula the fiow of investment income, reducing reverse this pattern. The current system tion may be one-third of the elderly (1973). Federal revenues, and subverting the rewards higher levels .:>f electrical usage Neither of those estimates includes services progressive intent of the original income with more favorable :a.·ates, and the high tor socialization or constructive use of time. tax law. Pfei1Ier's community study provides evidence est usage and best rates belong to the in of "significant impairment" (i.e. moderate to Second, the law has become hopelessly dustrial class. This was good policy dur complete) for an overall total of 41% of complicated. More and more private citi ing times of unrestrained growth and older people when economic, social, and self zens, even those who are well educated, easy delivery of energy to all consumers, care functioning are included (1973). Pre are seeking the services of professionals. but the same circumstances do not pre liminary data from the Philadelphia Geria Businesses, even small ones, are depend vail today. tric Center's local survey places the percent ent on tax lawyers and accountants to Our pricing system, therefore, must age at 27% (Gottesman, Moss, and Worts, guide them through the maze of loss car respond to the new situation and be in 1975). To all of those estimates must be ryovers and carrybacks, rollovers, alloca added the 5% of all older people who are in verted to encourage conservation, not institutions at any one time. tions, recoveries, and depreciation at any consumption. I believe my bill meets that The number of those 75 or over is growing of several rates. It is predictable, but un objective. much faster than the 65-74 group. Projec fortunate, that efforts to close loopholes This legislation, H.R. 10839, requires tions indicate by 1990, 40 % of the 28 million take the form of another layer of com that a State authority which has juris older people or about 11 million individuals, plication. This is the case with the limi diction over electric utility rates pre wlll be 75 or over. Since impairments and tation on artificial losses-LAL. One scribe a residential rate for a subsistence therefore service needs increase with advanc wag, after studying the LAL portion of ing age, a. conservative estimate of the num quantity of electrical energy which does ber who will require long-term service in the committee report--see pages 28-85, not exceed the lowest rate per kilowatt 1990 is about 10 million individuals. suggested changing the name of the bill hour charged to any other class of con to "The Tax Accountants' Benevolent sumer. The regulatory authority would When we couple this data with the Act of 1975." determine the subsistence level appro consistent and interesting findings that Having said all that, it is my intent to priate to the State or region affected, myths to the contrary, families do not support the passage of this bill. I shall and would be directed to consider sea dump their elderly family members in also support those amendments offered sonal fluctuations in demand. As rates institutions except as a last resort; after by Mr. FISHER and others which have great expenditures of time, money, effort were increased through time for other the effect of strengthening its tax reform classes of consumers, the residential and emotional stress; and only after ex features. The tax reductions included charge set under this bill would not be ploration of the at present limited alter will aid our struggle to recover from the natives to institutionalization fails, we permitted to exceed the average of resi recession we have suffered. The bill also dential rates in effect as of December 31, can see the need for a system that per makes important simplifications in the mits the older person himself as well as 1975. I anticipate that this stipulation law; the removal of 225 pages of obso will serve to stabilize residential rates his family to explore and find services lete language is a laudable achievement. which match this level of need for both by freezing them at current levels, if they It is my hope that the Ways and Means are not actually dropped. For a period care and independence. My dear col Committee will benefit from the active leagues, now is the time for us to put our of not less than 5 years, the current support of all Members in its future ef average would serve as a ceiling above hearts ~nd our heads together to solve forts to recommend meaningful and which the price of at least the bare elec this problem, I believe that the bill I comprehensive tax reform proposals. have introduced is a proper vehicle for trical essentials could not go. our efforts. Mr. Speaker, conservation of our limited energy resources has become a LARGE USERS OF ELECTRICITY goal willingly embraced by the vast ma SHOULD PAY MORE jority of Americans. Many, many cit TAX REFORM ACT OF 1975 izens are making every possible effort to limit their consumption, but there will HON. WILLIAM LEHMAN remain, until some new technology frees HON. TIMOTHY E. WIRTH OF FLORIDA us from our dependence on fossil fuels, OF COLORADO IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a minimum level of electrical consump:. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, December 1, 197 5 tion necessary for the maintenance of Monday, December 1, 1975 Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. Speaker, electrical civilized life in our society. The assur Mr. WffiTH. Mr. Speaker, the Con energy is indispensable to modern life. It ance of at least this minimum to all cit gress will soon take up consideration of is the lifeline of necessary resources that izens in their homes is a worthy goal, the Tax Reform Act of 1975 (H.R. 10612) . sustains virtually every American house and one my bill will attain. The Ways and Means Committee has hold. The text of my bill follows: labored long and hard over the past sev Energy troubles that first hit at the H.R. 10869 eral months, conducting hearings, ab gas pump are now skyrocketing our A bill to reform residential electric utillty sorbing vast quantities of data, and wad utility bills. As a result, as evidenced by rates ing through the quagmire which is our statistics compiled by the Federal En Be it enacted by the Senate and House current Federal tax law. I compliment ergy Administration, consumers have of Representatives of the United States of them for their endurance; however, I curtailed their consumption where they America in Congress assembled, That this December 1, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38041
Act may be cited as the "Lifeline Rate Act EFFECTIVE DATE such clashing views from two such powerful of 1975". SEc. 5. The provisions of this Act shall personalities. PURPOSE take effect ninety days after enactment and In a.ny case, the departure of Schlesinger SEc. 2. It is the purpose of this Act to remain in force for a period of not less than is a major defeat for the principle of balance reform electric utility rate charges to resi five years thereafter. within the government. If he is replaced ln dential customers by providing for a more the Pentagon by a syn.cophant who will shape equitable distribution of electric utility rate his m111ta.ry views to conform to "higher charges among classes of electric energy national policy" as determined by Kissinger, users by requiring electric utilities to pre SCHLESINGER SUPPORTED then it wlll mean that there is no major scribe minimum rates and charges to resi figure in Washington to sound a voice of dential users of electric energy 1n order warning against policies which may be head to meet their basic necessities of modern ing the nation on the road to disaster. life which will encourage the wise and HON. WILLIAM L. DICKINSON We hope the "Sunday night massacre," as prudent use and conservation of scarce ener OF ALABAMA it is being called, is not intended to clear gy supplies. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the way for major new U.S. concessions to LIFELINE RATES Monday, December 1, 1975 the Soviets in the SALT negotiations. But SEc. 3. (a) No rate schedule of an electric we are deeply apprehensive that this will be utility shall provide for a rate under which Mr. DICKINSON. Mr. Speaker, many the most immediate result. the charge per kilowatt-hour to a resi of us in the Congress were disturbed over dential electric consumer for a subsistence the recent dismissal of the Secretary of quantity of electric energy in any month Defense James Schlesinger. Dr. Schles for such consumer's principal place of res inger was, in my opinion, an extremely COMMENTS ON THE PASSAGE OF idence exceeds the lowest charge per kilo H.R. 9019 watt-hour to any other electric consumer capable Secretary of Defense, one of the (within the jurisdiction of the regulatory best we have ever had, and was not authority which has ratemaking authority reluctant to express his feelings on our HON. CHRISTOPHER J. DODD with respect to such rate schedule) to whom defense posture. electric energy is sold by such utility (or any From our vantage point here in Wash OF CONNECTICUT electric utility which controls, is controlled ington we in the Congress sometimes IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES by, or under common control with, such have difficulty in assessing the feelings Monday, December 1, 1975 utility). Such rates shall not exceed the average residential rates in effect as of De of the people "back home., on such an Mr. DODD. Mr. Speaker, I would like cember 31, 1975. important matter-particularly if we do to comment on the passage of H.R. 9019, {b) For purposes of this section, the term not get mail along these lines. Fortu the Health Maintenance Organization "subsistence quantity" means a number of nately, our local newspapers generally Amendments of 1975. kilowatt-hours which the regulatory au have their fingers on the pulse of the The concept behind the Health Main thority determines is necessary to supply people. One such weekly in my district, tenance Organization Act of 1973, Pub the minimum subsistence electric energy the Union Springs Herald, made some lic Law 93-222, was to provide access to needs of residential electric consumers at rather pertinent comments about what their principal place of residence for the prepaid health care plans to all indi following end-uses: heating, lighting, cook has been termed "The Sunday Night viduals regardl~s of their age, income, ing, cooling, and food refrigeration. In de Massacre." The Union Springs Herald, or health status. termining the minimum electric needs of res edited and published by Mr. W. H. Gar With the passage of H.R. 9019, the idential consumers the regulatory authority ner, is an excellent weekly newspaper spirit of the original legislation has been shall consider seasonal fluctuations in cli which usually reflects the thinking and violated. HMO's will now be allowed to mate and consumption patterns. feelings of the people of Bullock County. offer selective and limited access to their ENFORCEMENT I would like to share this editorial with services. SEc. 4. (a) No electric utWty may sell other Members of the House and I am I feel that such a characteristic may electric energy except in accordance with pleased to have it reprinted in the RECORD be legitimately displayed only by private a rate schedule which has been fixed, ap at this point: proved, or allowed to go into effect by a health care services-and not by feder regulatory authority. No regulatory author THE SUNDAY NIGHT MASSACRE ally subsidized ones. ity may fix, approve, or allow to go into effec~ The firing of Secretary of Defense James I appreciate the need to ease the re any rate schedule which violates section 3. Schlesinger strikes a heavy blow to the in quirements for the establishment and (b) If any person alleges that a regu tellectual quallty of the Ford Administra operation of HMO's so as to encourage latory authority's action, or failure to act, tion. In a government not particularly noted their more rapid development. But I also violates subsection (a)- for its brilliant thinkers, Schlesinger stood out as a bright beacon. He alone within the question the wisdom of the solutions that (1) in the case of a regulatory authority we have settled upon. which is a Federal regulatory authority (or administration dared to stand up to the which is a State regulatory authority whose monumental ego of Henry Kissinger, and he We have retained the provisions for action or failure to act 1s not reviewable alone, from all indications, dared to take HMO's to enroll individuals who are by a State of competent jurisdiction), such issue with the powerful Secretary of State representative of the various age, social person may obtain review of such action on some of the basic premises of detente. and income groups within the areas they or failure to act, insofar as it relates to As Secretary of Defense, Schlesinger had serve. violation of subsection (a)- the respon&iblllty for the milltary security We also have retained the provision (A) in any statutory review proceeding of the nation. He found nothing reassuring which is otherwise applicable to such ac in the massive Soviet m111tary build-up that insures that no individual will be tion or failure to act, or which continues even under the existing refused reenrollment on tile basis of his (B) if there is no such statutory review strategic arms limitation agreement. And he health status. proceeding applicable to such action or displayed no sympathy for the kind of con But we have abolished the mandatory failure to act, by commencing a civil action gressional defense cuts which threaten to 30-day open-enrollment period, when ln the United States court of appeals for give the Soviets an even greater edge over membership was granted to all indi any circuit in which the utlllty sells elec the United States. Both privately and pub viduals who applied for it. tric energy, which court shall have juris licly Schlesinger voiced a lack of trust in diction to review such determination in Soviet intentions and sounded repeated I question the necessity of this deci accordance with chapter 7 of title 5, United warnings against a. form of detente that gives sion since the original legislation already States Code; and (2) in the case of a regu the Soviets much but the U.S. very little included a provision allowing the open latory authority which is a State regulatory in return. enrollment clause to be waived for a authority, such action, or failure to act, Schlesinger's views and operating manner period of up to 3 years if the HMO could insofar as it relates to a violation of sub apparently irritated many in Congress, but demonstrate that it was being forced section (a)- we doubt that this is the major reason Ford to enroll a disproportionate number of (A) may be reviewed by any State court sacked him. Far more likely was Schlesinger's high-risk and high-cost cases. of competent jurisdiction, and clash with Kissinger. We don't know at this (B) 1f such action is reviewable by such point whether Kissinger delivered Ford some A limited waiver of the community a State court, may not be reviewed by any thing in the nature of a "him or me" ulti rating requirement--which in the Oiig court of the United States, except by the matum, but he must have made his dis inal bill dictated an even distribution United States Supreme Court on writ of pleasure known in the various emphatic of costs among all members-would have certiorari in accordance with section 1257 of ways for which he 1s well known. Perhaps been preferable. It would have elim title 28, United States Code. the President decided he could not live with inated one of the primary obstacles to 38042 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 1, 1975 the economic viability of HMO's by giv FORD TO REDUCE DRAFT STAFF easily affords all the information neces ing them the time they need to spread (By Jeremiah O'Leary) sary for a do-it-yourself atomic bomb. their costs. President Ford has given his approval for Our future, writes Norman Macrae, I fear that the impact of deleting the a drastic reduction in the budget and paid will depend upon maximisation of gross open-enrollment requirement will be to staff of the Selective Service System. world product and the embourgeoisement encourage the selection of healthy, mid The reduction Will in effect turn America's of the bottom half of the world to the dle class members. We are taking the draft mechanism over to an automated data point where the reality of a pleasant life system supplemented by unpaid volunteers risk that those groups, such as the elder and a handful of headquarters staffers. and comfortable retirement might be a ly and the poor, who most need the serv "We're going into a deep zone defense," strong enough incentive to dissuade in ices of HMO's, may not have the oppor said one official wryly. Another said the dividuals from blowing the whole thing tunity to receive their benefits. recommendation, which was made to Ford up. I will be watching the program closelY by the Office of Management and Budget, Crime--on global and local levels and following the progress of the HMO's. makes sense because none of the 2 million alike--is a problem that will require If indeed their membership tends to re young men who register every year are being fundamental changes in the structure of flect any preference for healthy, middle inducted. society and serious reconsideration of The OMB recommendation, which Ford is class people, we will once again need to expected to announce publicly soon, will what Macrae calls "the ages of man: review this legislation to insure that de reduce the Selective Service System's budget childhood, adolescence, rat race and re cent health coverage be available to all from the present $28 million to about $6 tirement." Americans. million. The following is the sixth part of a The agency was e.lready in the process of series entitled "America's Third Cen reducing its national paid staff from 2,600 tury"-Economist deputy editor Norman to 1,400 by July 1, 1976. The expected reduc Macrae's thoughts on the future of this AX FINALLY MAY FALL ON OBSO tion to $6 million Will pay the salaries of only country. In an earlier installment pub LEI'E SELECTIVE SERVICE BU a handful of caretaker and computer em lished in the RECORD of Wednesday, No REAUCRACY ployes. The White House decision will clean vember 12, Macrae predicted that world house on the estimated 250 paid employes power would soon pass out of the hands at Selective Service headquarters at 1724 F of the United States and massive de HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN Street N.W. and the computer center in structive capabilities will then be de OF MASSACHUSETTS Alexandria. Samuel R. Shaw, legislative of posited in less sophisticated hands. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ficer for Selective Service Director Byron V. The text of the sixth installment fol Pepitone, said he had not heard of the White lows: Monday, December 1, 1975 House decision, but he said that if it is [From the Economist Oct. 25, 1975] Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, I was carried out the national draft machinery will have to go on "deep standby" status with BOMBS FOR EvERYBODY? pleased to read yesterday that the Office only a skeleton career staff. Real needs: a plan for gwp, and a recogni of Management and Budget has recom It was emphasized that the White House tion that control over killing power will be mended, and President Ford has agreed, decision does not eliminate the nation's draft come dangerously more difficult, while con that the Selective Service System should machinery or the obligation of young men trol over people's brains will become dan be pared down to a skeletal agency cost to register when they become 18 years old. gerously (?) easier. ing approximately $6 million per year to It is also anticipated that the annual draft One thermonuclear warhead can now re operate. The continued existence of Se lottery, usually held in February, wlll con lease more energy than all the gunpowder lective Service as a large and eXPensive tinue to be used to select 19-year-olds for and TNT exploded in all the wars of history. potential drafting in their- 20th year in event So far nuclear weapons have been in the bureaucracy has been without justifica of national emergency. hands only of countries mature enough not tion since June 30, 1973, when its author Shaw said Selective Service is now in the to want to blow their neighbours up. But a ity to induct Amerioans into the Armed midst of a major computer test of a prac raw young Massachusetts postgraduate stu Forces expired. Since that time, the tice call-up to be certain the system will dent showed last year that anybody can now agency has fought to secure as large an function in the event it is needed. Under work out from published material how to appropriation as possible despite its vir the current budget, Selective Service is in m.a.ke atomic bombs. All countries and some criminals will eventually be able to knit tual absence of responsibilities. As recent the process of turning more and more of its operation over to the automated data sys their own. ly as fiscal year 1975, this agency spent The leaders of more than half the world's $45 million "stand by" and await the tem. to Shaw ·said Selective Service does not keep 150 governments nowadays go to bed each day when it might again be utilized as a files on young men once they reach the age night knowing that they might conceivably mechanism for military conscription. It of 23. The documents and files on men 23 be executed after a violent coup d'etat to was the American taxpayers, of course, and older are now being turned in to federal morrow. This does not make for a calm and who paid the bill for that extravagance. records centers around the country, where unexcitable mind in the lower half of what they can be retrieved if needed. will be the nuclear-trigger-minders' profes Earlier this year, on June 24, the sion. Within recent memory only one black House engaged in an extensive, biparti The Selective Service system has been civilian African government has democratic san debate on the level of funding for shrinking for years. The drafting of young ally handed power to an opposition after an Selective Service in fiscal year 1976. In men for mllltary service ended in 1973, when election; that was Somalia, now a military the all-volunteer armed service concept be dictatorship like the rest. the course of that discussion, a number of came operational. points were made to justify a reduction It is clear that the world's rich north must far below the $37.5 million eventually devise a new policy towards its poor south, and that the policy cannot be that of keep approved by the House. It appears that ing troops in all poor countries to stop them those convincing arguments have been AMERICA'S THIRD CENTURY blowing the world up (ie, cannot be colonial accepted by the administration. Indeed, ist). It had therefore better be economic, the recommendation of OMB apparently aimed at maximisation of gwp, and Amer goes nearly as far as legislation which I HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON ica had better set the pace. Some will say introduced last June--H.R. 6761-along OF MASSACHUSETTS that maximisation of gwp will be pollutant with 28 cosponsors, to abolish this do IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (at a time when nine out of ten humans still nothing agency altogether. Although the lack sanitary disposal?) and disruptive (in a Monday, December 1, 1975 world where most of those on annual in Selective Service System will still exist comes under $200 are black or brown?) . in name if the OMB's suggestion is Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, with These stagnationists will also quote more and adopted by the Congress, the low level recent administrations graciously dis more black and brown dictators on their side. of funding will finally be commensurate tributing nuclear power like transistor The dictators who rule most poor coun with the agency's low level of responsi radios to governments perched between tries may increasingly not want industrial bility. I applaud the recommendation of total dictatorship and the threat of coup development because their main interest, un OMB and urge the House to implement it d'etat, the capacity for self-preservation derstandably, is to delay the day when they when the fiscal year 1977 appropriation both in a regional and global sense has will be murdered during their successor's coup d'etat. Industrialisation adds two new for the Selective Service System is con become seriously impaired. And citizens classes (an internationalised merchant class, sidered next year. The newspaper report have more to fear than fanatical dic an urban working class) to the two (the follows: tators when available published material army and the political colleagues) who or- December 1, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38043 ganise these 3 a .m. revolutions. The dictators tional aggression; while love-inducing, pla dimmer half of society (so that American of today's poor countries can best be re cidity-inducing, apathy-inducing mood pills business is being reorganised to ensure that garded a.s like the monarchs of pre-industrial are going to multiply by the million. It is full-time jobs for under-23s dry up) . When Europe, but dependent for succession on pal almost certain that governments will use efforts are made to counter this by pushing ace revolutions instead of on the (for pre these, on the grounds that "some crimes are stlll more of the rejected minority ( espe industrial countries) more convenient be diseases which can best be treated by drug cially black minority) into college, this (a) cause more peaceful absurdity of primogen therapy." causes the now-slightly-smaller but stlll iture. American liberals would be unwise to Outpatient treatment for those with rec large minority left out to be regarded as suppose that many of these present dictators ords of violence may involve a great loss of st111-more-obviously-unemployable, and (b) will be as progressive as the monarch under privacy. Data on felons will be readily avail breeds a catastrophic failure rate among the whom leadership of world economic advance able for tracing the most likely criminal new undergraduates, so that they congre began. George III. when there has been a mugging in Central gate in separate groups which defy integra PLAN FOR GWP Park with a left-hand downward blow at an tion while inferiority complexes among them Nevertheless, the right geo-political-eco angle of 77o, and for suggesting the right mount. nomic target for the next 30 years is defin medicament for him. Pollee cars hurrying In the third age of man, after age 24, males able. It should be to repeat what has luckily to an incident will have direct a.:cess to these (and some women) have 40 years of climb happened with Russia in the last 30 years. computerised data banks. TV cameras al ing up the seesaw of a career, usually hav The Russians had an Idi-Amin-type lead ready watch some high crime streets in ing least time to spend with their children er in Stalin in 1945, and it then seemed America; this will be extended. Some clients just when they should be doing most to bring rather likely that they would blow up the of the probation and parole services (which them up. Then at the age of 65 they are sud world. They now probably will not do so be will be merged) will have to carry electronic denly stripped of all status-and, in an in cause there is a broad enough stratum of identifying instruments around with them so flationary age, of a large part of their spend - people in or near the decision-taking cadres that there can be checks on where they are. ing power-until they die 10 or 15 years later, in Russia who have a tolerably pleasant life, Frighteningly, tests have shown that even although with the unpleasant prospect that and do not intend to allow Mr. Brezhnev or closely-watched laboratory rats become per this period may soon be incontinently ex any immediate successor to incinerate it. As turbed (and more deviant) with loss of tended. When it is extended, I suspect (see nuclear plants will proliferate, it will be ad privacy; but these will be outpatients who the preceding article) that mankind will be visable similarly to embourgeois the bottom might blow up the world. right to accept a system of planned death. half of the world in a devil of a hurry. It has become fashionable (chiefly because A main task for the early years of the 1976- The best mechanism would be something of America's own protests and determination 2076 century wlil be radically to reshape like this. At present nearly all big industrial to clip its CIA) to portray the organizations these wrong ages for human lifestyles. There countries look forward to what their gnps and institutions of the United States as un is no possibility that the right new shape may be a year ahead, and pump in extra fitted to handle these horrible social innova will be decided by the liberal central govern spending power if there looks like bemg un tions that are likely to be forced on mankind. ments of major powers. Their efforts so far derdemand. The rich countries should start My own view, as will become apparent have greatly worsened the mess. The best instead to look forward to what gwp may be through the rest of this survey, is that hopes will lie in experiments by competing a year ahead, and must often pump any America will have a better chance of light governments, or competing communities, desirable extra spending power initially into ing the way forward, while keeping going the within some great society. And that, see the the hands of the poorer countries (extra vital continuing debate on civil liberties, next two articles, is another reason why it SDRs created so they can expand their im than anyone else. American government does wm be a pity if world leadership passes from ports?). Their use of this would then mop keep open most of the possible routes of ap America in present mid-torrent. up unwanted unemployment in the world's peal, in Byron's phrase, from tyranny to God. rich north. AGES OF MAN The objective should be to raise ever more America may also have the best chance of countries to the sort of income level where tackling the next big problem, because its their governments wm be composed of people experience of the problem is most advanced. DEEPENED AWARENESS OF PALES who think of themselves and their political It has become clear that there is something TINIAN QUESTION IN MIDDLE opponents as heading slowly towards com dreadfully wrong with the handling of the fortable retirement, instead of racing to get EAST CONFLICT IS CONSTRUC present four ages of man: childhood, adoles TIVE SIGN OF CHANGE their brothers-in-la.w to the firing squad cence, rat race and retirement. first. Probably the best definition of the sort Citizens of most countries spend the first of government that will not start nuclear and most formative 15 years of their lives fighting is: any government where the deci under the haphazard control of untrained HON. CLEMENT J. ZABLOCKI sion-makers assume that they personally will parents, in a grim lottery according to OF WISCONSIN end their lives in the local equivalent of whether they have drawn a parent who rears Southern California, a dacha outside Moscow, a delinquent or a paranoid or an integrated IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES or the House of Lords. This seems usual at human being. Monday, December 1, 197 5 gnps per head over about $1 ,000 a year. The first of two new horrors lately added CRIME PREVENTION through good intentions is that medical ad Mr. ZABLOCKI. Mr. Speaker, those The uppermost thought of members of the vances have pushed the opening age of re genuinely interested in bringing about a Baader-Meinhof or Manson gangs, of teen bellious adolescence down well below 15, truly meaningful peace in the Middle age paranoiacs and of professional kidnap while governments have been pushing the East have long recognized that the Pales pers is not that they are llkely to end their age to which such kids must be kept behind tinian question is at the heart of the years in the House of Lords. But both mass small desks above 15. The second is that for conflict. Unless and untll that question is killing-power and more selective-kllling the next age-group-from 15-24--the rich faced squarely and objectively by all power are going to come into their sorts of countries under American leadership have hands. made a noble and massive and plainly disas sides in an unemotional manner, the Some time there is likely to be a demand trous experiment during this last half of the chances of seeming a lasting peace set from some small organisation that society American century, during 1925-75. tlement will remain virtually nil. do something intolerable or else a megadeath At the beginning of the half-century, the To the extent that the United States weapon will be exploded in some big Amer great majority of the 15-24 age group were has assumed such a dominant and more ican city or hurled in on the next world in paid work. Now very many in America and direct role in the area, our attitude to summit meeting. Organised crime will in its imitators are in school on state aided ward the Palestinian question is partic crease its present rather low technological funds even after the age of 18. In an era ularly crucial. It was therefore reassur efficiency. Murder from a distance will be when the social sciences are an exploding come much easier--such as by telephoning growth recreation, one might expect the last ing to read the November 12 testimony a victim from anywhere and exploding down three decades observed results of this ex of Deputy Assistant Secretary of State the wire a device loud enough to shatter his periment to be constantly re-assesed. They Harold H. Saunders before the House In eardrum. are not assessed, because they are sociologi ternational Relations Investigation Sub There will have to be redefinition of the cally inconvenient. committee chaired by the distinguished objectives of criminal justice, in ways that The observed results in most rich countries gentleman from Indiana, Hon. LEE may look gruesome. Just as one frightening are a huge rise in the crime rate in the 12-24 HAMILTON. technology is bringing the world to a stage age group (which now commits most of all where some criminals will have an explosive industrial countries' most worrying crimes), As Rowland Evans and Robert Novak power a milllon times greater than strong a devastating impact on family relationships noted in their Washington Post column lunatics have ever had before, another especially among the urban poor and the of November 25: frightening technology is going to make it surburban rich, an increased difficulty in The Saunders testimony staked no new possible to control their brains and minds handling the problems of puberty and ado ground (but) the mere fact that he was per and moods. Electrodes pla.nted in the brain lescence, a flight by teenagers to pot, and the mitted to delve deeply and publicly into and eventually able to switch themselves on assumption by employers that anybody who some of the political implications of the and off-are going to be able to control irra- leaves education before 23 belongs to the Palestinian question was 1n t.tself new. 38044 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 1, 1975 Much the same theme was struck by Syria's decision to stay close to Kissinger's ball was given on first down, so to speak, to Stephen Rosenfeld in his Washington mediation game in the Arab-Israeli struggle a middle-level State Department officer, with Post article of November 28. As Mr. has consequently been rewarded by Saunders' the Department, plainly fibbing, assuring congressional testimony, even though the re anxious Isra.elis that Kissinger did not clear Rosenfeld notes: ward is far more important as symbol than the statement and that it represented no The real significance of the Saunders as concrete change in U.S. diplomacy, or in policy change. sta.tement, however, lies in its potential for actual U.S. acceptance of the PLO as repre The statement breaks new ground in three bringing the United States into the middle sentative of the Palestinian people. There is fields. It involves the U.S. government in of deliberations on the Palestine question no sign yet, for example, that Arafa.t is ready public exposition of the political aspect of the "heart" of the Arab-Isra.ell conflict---il.S to recognize the state of Israel and to re the Palestinian problem. It indicates certain it is alrea.dy in the middle, however uncer nounce his "dream" of a. single Palestinian conditions--acceptance of Israel, abandon tainly, of other aspects of the conflict. state composed of both Jews and Arabs. ment of terror-by which the Palestine Lib As a means of furthering a calm, delib Until he does, the next stage in Kissinger's eration Organization might qualify in Ameri diplo_macy-informal meetings among all the can eyes as a diplomatic partner. And it sug erative, and enlightened discussion on parties in search of an overall settlement gests as a. "first step" the discovery of "a this important issue I am inserting the formula, as Syria desperately wants--cannot diplomatic process which will help bring Evans-Novak column and the Rosenfeld even start. But the indications of new flex forth a reasonable definition of Palestinian article into the RECORD at this point and ibllities in the U.S. approach to the Pales interests-a position from which negotia recommend them to the full and careful tinian question are now likely to be used by tions on a solution of the Palestinian aspects reading of my colleagues: Syria in persuading Ara.fat to abandon his of the problem might begin." quixotic, emotional and impossible demand In other words, the immediate task is to THE PALESTINIAN PROBLEM: 'HEART OF THE ellcit from the Palestinians-presumably by CONFLICT' that Israel commit suicide. The Saunders testimony, moreover, is not the only sign of dialogue with Arab states already commit (By Rowland Evans and Robert Novak) this new flexibillty. A high-powered study ted a.t least formally to an Israeli settle The fact that the U.S. still holds the whip group named by the Brookings Institution, ment-a "reasonable definition" of their in hand in the Middle East is stunningly clear with several prominent American Jews as terests. Meanwhile-again presumably-the from Syria's soon-to-be-announced decision members, will soon finish a major report on United States would be working on Israel. to renew the Golan Heights cease-fire with the Middle East that comes to precisely the Only then could and would Palestinian Israel. same conclusion as the Ford administration: Israeli negotiations begin. Indeed, the reversal in Damascus of indica that an independent Palestinian state on the It is easy enough to understand why some tions early this month that the United West Bank of the Jordan River is one alter Israelis are nervous as cats. The government Nations Disengagement Observer Force native political solution to the Arab-Israeli does not yet seem ready politically, or the (UNDOF) might not be renewed in the bu1fer struggle. people ready psychologically, to regard the zone between Israel and Syria points to this Indeed, some highly-regarded leaders of Palestinians as a. separate people with a conclusion: Despite vicious attacks on Egypt this country's Jewish community say pri claim to set up their own nation on territory for making a separate, U.S.-sponsored deal vately that Israel's angry response to Saun Israel now controls. To the extent that most with Israel on the Sinai peninsula, Syria is ders' testimony is not only self-defeating but Israelis view Palestinians as anything other than terrorists, they view them as Jor still committed to Secretary of State Henry dangerously wrong. For the U.S. to pretend, danians. Kissinger's mediation diplomacy in the Mid as Israel has long pretended, that the Pales dle East. tinian question is not the "heart" of the con Yet now Saunders hints- or so Isra.ells The reason? Fear of Israel's military power, read it-that Washington intends to press filet would hasten eventual Arab return to them to cough up the West Bank and Gaza which is subject only to restraints from Moscow for restoration of Palestinian rights, washington coupled with the subtle but mo to the Palestine Liberation Organization, an ending Kissinger's dominance over the outfit which few Israelis believe capable of mentous change in political emphasis the tangled diplomacy of the Middle East. the reforms the State Department professes u.s. is now placing on the Palestinian ques to seek. The PLO's Ara.fat has arched some tion. A PATH FOR PALESTINXAN NEGOTIATIONS eyebrows in Isra.el recently by his conspic Since Israel's new Sinai agreement with uous solicitude for Beirut's small Jewish Egypt raises at least a danger of Syria fight (By Stephen S. Rosenfeld) community and, beyond that, by his efforts ing virtually alone in any new combat on the The United States has stopped mumbling within certain limits to cap the continuing Golan Heights, the Syria government-con barren and unhelpful evasions of the Pale social explosions in Lebanon. But officially sidered moderate by historical standards- stinian question and has begun a. tentative he remains anathema to the Israeli estab wants above all to keep its Washington con but promising search for a diplomatic frame lishment. nection strong. work in which negotiations including the And how have Palestinians, or the PLO, But the Ford administration's careful new Palestinians might get under way. reacted to the Saunders gambit? If to Isra.el public policy that the Palestinian question This effort, announced in House testimony the new initiative represents a potential dip is "the heart of the (Mideast) conflict" by Harold Saunders of the State Department lomatic crisis at some point down the road, is at least as important, and potentially much two weeks ago, has already had some prac to the Palestinians it poses an intense and more so. That pollcy statement, delivered 10 tical secondary effects. It has taken some of immediate political challenge. For the United days ago to a House International Relations the Arab heat off Egypt for making its me States is demanding of the Palestinians that Subcommittee by Deputy Assistant Secretary first Sinal agreement; Sa.da.t can now reply they depart from the calculated ambiguity of State Harold H. Saunders, spelled out the that he evoked movement on the Palestinian which shelters both the realists and the ex u.s. position in detail for the first time. The question from Washington. It is there for tremists among them, and that they embrace decision to do so was made by Kissinger after Syria to cite as evidence that, by extending coexistence with Israel as a permanent end. consultation with President Ford because of the United Nations force, Damascus is not The PLO has yet to speak publicly on the explosive election-year politics involved in abandoning its Palestinian brothers. matter, though its friends say that it is any change or refinement of U.S. policy in the The real significance of the Saunders state seriously chewing on it. One of the 14 mem Middle East. ment, however, lies in its potential for bring bers of the PLO executive committee who The agonized reaction to Saunders' testi ing the United States into the middle of de was in Washington this week to report on mony in the regular Israeli cabinet session liberations on the Palestine question-the Palestinian grievances against Israel, told last Sunday (Nov. 17) fully confirmed the "heart" of the Arab-Israeli conflict-as it is reporters that he had not even heard of the administration's decision to approach the already in the middle, however uncertainly, Saunders statement. Whether he was duck matter gingerly. The authoritative Jewish of other aspects of the conflict. ing the question or whether he truly was out Telegraphic Agency reported that the Isra.eli The argument for doing this is that unless to lunch was unclear. What will be the cabinet "angrily denounced" Saunders' testi the United States gets in there, agitates the PLO's response? mony that the West Bank of the Jordan River issue, and cajoles and squeezes concessions might become a separate Palestinian state if out of both sides; the Palestinian problem the Palestine Liberation Organization recog will simply fester and perhaps even ignite nized Israel's permanent existence. another war. THROUGH A GLASS DARKLY: THE Although State Department diplomats The argument for not doing it is that a AMERICAN IDEA claim the Saunders testimony staked no new Palestinian solution requires changes of po ground, the mere fact that he was permitted llcy and politics so deep on the part of both to delve deeply and publicly into some of the Palestinians and Israelis, that no American HON. FRANK HORTON political implications of the Palestinian initiative can hope to produce more than em OF NEW YORK question was in itself new. Indeed, the Saun barrassment, frustration and possible back ders testimony was hailed by a top official fire-so why try? IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the Syrian government last week as a. con In this case, an administration eager to Monday, December 1, 1975 structive sign of cha;nge. keep up the Mideast momentum seems to Arab diplomats here, agreeing, were par have decided on an initiative at once useful Mr. MORTON. Mr. Speaker, on Mon ticularly pleased because Saunders treated to American and other diplomats who wish to day, November 18, it was my privilege to Yassir Arafat's PLO a.s a serious political or fish for change, but retractable if it kicks up attend the third annual equal opportu ganization, not just a band of terrorists. too great a diplomatic or political storm. The nity dinner hosted by the Rochester, December 1, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38045 N.Y., chapter of the Urban League. It is being altered. The 1960's gave witness to the the opportunity to shape an era and to in typical of the quality of service per emerging of a new beginning; and Americans fluence a destiny. formed by the Rochester Urban League of all kind, despite the turbulence of social And secondly, I have called your attention change, were caught up in the spirit of the to the "American Idea" because I believe that this event was a landmark experi remarking of the American society. that the issues that are Inherent in the ence in terms of its substantive focus on But as the 1960's ticked away, there began "American Idea" will constitute the major the condition and future of human rela to emerge a sinister and omnibus character issues in the affairs of men, not only in this tions and human opportunity in Ameri of our society: a president was assassinated, country, but also around the world. can society. and his assassin murdered before our eyes, In the "post-modern world" the "Ameri Thanks in large measure to the lead civil rights leaders were brutalized and mur can Idea" will be challenged by three major ership and the dedication of Urban Lea dered; a prophet of Black Liberation had conflicts: The conflict between East and gue president, J. Richard Everett, and of his voice silenced; a preacher of love and West; the conflict between democratic capi non-violence was cut down by hate and vio talism and communistic socialism and the Bill Johnson, the Rochester chapter's ex lence, and a candidate for president was re conflict between black and white. The cul ecutive director, the Urban League's pro moved before our very eyes in a deed still tural conflict and the political conflict will grams, research, and advocacy make a too awesome to accept as real. Major cities surely challenge the "American Idea." But very significant contribution to the de were engulfed in rioting and civil disorder. only the racial conflict--the conflict between velopment of public policies and attitudes A Presidential Commission issued its report black and white-will challenge the va.Udity in the Rochester area which seek to forge to the nation in somber terms: of the "American Idea," and on the resolu progress in human relations and human "This is our basic conclusion: Our nation tion of that conflict the fate of both the opportunities locally. is moving toward two societies, one black, "American Idea" and the American society one white--separate and unequal." depends. For it is in the conflict between The equal opportunity dinner, however, The dire and grim warnings of the Kerner black and white that the moral foundation had significance far beyond the greater Commission in 1968 fell on deaf ears, and one and the moral assumptions and the moral Rochester area. The keynote address at year later, a national organization could re claims of the "American Idea" are called into the dinner, delivered by Dr. James E. port that matters had gotten worse rather question. The profound contradictions be Cheek, president ·of Howard University, than better. tween the "American Idea" and the "Ameri was one of the most stirring and incisive The 1960's ended and the 1970's dawned, can Reality" are made clear and unequivocal discussions of the future of American so and in the first year of this new decade there in the issue of race. The "American Idea" 1s ciety that I have heard. could be discerned signs of a new and greater one of equality of all men deriving their turbulence which in relation to the turbu equality from the Sovereign Lord of the Uni Mr. Speaker, it is with a great deal of lence of the 1960's could possibly be the verse. The "American Reality" is the domina commitment to Dr. Cheek's message that turbulence of a typhoon in comparison with tion, control and oppression of some men I ask for it to be printed at this point in that of a windstorm. by other men purely upon the basis of the the RECORD for the benefit of my col It is not my purpose in this address to color of skin, national origin and religious leagues and the public: indulge in prognostication; such efforts have profession. THROUGH A GLASS DARKLY: THE AMERICAN always been hazardous and at best fortui The "American Idea" is that all men are IDEA IN THE POST-MODERN • WORLD tous. But prudent men who mind the public endowed by their Creator with certain in business are required from time-to-time to (By Dr. Ja.mes E. Cheek) alienable rights, among which are the right conduct their affairs in the present with to life, to liberty, to pursuit of happiness. Mr. Johnson, members of the Rochester some appreciation of the past and with some The "American Reality" is that rights of Urban League, distinguished guests, friends attempt to read the future. The importance citizens are at the sufferance of those in and supporters: · of such a posture lies principally in the fact power; that some men are to be free. others For all of us who are gathered here I would that the past can be instructive for the are to be enslaved and happiness is to be hope thalt this coca.sion will represent a brief present and what is done in the present can awarded to those Whom those in power de moment when we paused, not only to enjoy and often does create and shape the future. cide should have it. good fellowship, but also to reflect seriously And although we can sometimes view the The "American Idea" is that "resistance on the state of our society, its current issues past with the 20/20 vision of hindsight, our to tyranny is obedience to God." The "Amer and problems, its future prospects and pos looking to the future is almcst always a ican Reality" is that those who resist tyranny sibilities. vision that sees through a glass darkly. But pl'laoticed in the name of la.w and order are The lwtter half of the decade of the 1970's though that which is to come is seen dimly traitors and criminals and deserve the fate promises to be one of the most historic, but and not clearly, we nonetheless understand of t11aitors and criminals. at the same time, most turbulent periods in that the future to come is as much a part The validity of the "American Idea" and American history. It will be a period when of human reality as the past that has gone. the validity of the Amerioan society will not our nation will be required to re-examine its To speak of the turbulence to come, there be decided by foreign wars such as Vietnam, historic character, to re-evaluate its historic fore, is simply to record what appears-a fore nor by our generosity in aiding the under commitments, to consider anew lts historic cast, so to speak, based upon present con developed nations of the world. Both will purposes and missions in the world. Also, ditions and present trends. But such condi be decided and determined at home. during the remainder of this decade, we will tions and such trends as now exist are not From the time that this Republic was be forced as a society, a nation, and a people fixed and inexorable. They have come about founded-almost two centuries ago-it has to come to terms with the fundamental is as the result of past actions and past deci been handicapped and prevented from being sues that affect the future destiny of all sions. What men who have gone before us faithful to its beliefs, from fulfilling its mankind, and to make hard and difficult have believed and done have set the stage for promises and from realizing its goals and choices: the choice between noble life and us who have come after them. And what dreams because of the conflict, which -it ignoble death; between social disorder and tho.se of us who live in the present believe created before its birth, between black and social stab111ty; between racial conflict and and do will shape and create the future that white. racial harmony; between world war and is before us. The hypocrisy patent in our historic be world peace; between national survival and n national destruction. ginnings has lingered on and has shaped The 1970's will be a time of true testing, I have given this address the theme: "The and colored the American experience over a when no serious individual will be allowed American Idea in the Post-Modern World." period of two centuries. to remain apathetic, al<><>f, indltferent or in I cannot say in these few minutes all that At the beginning of this century, W. E. B. sensitive about issues, questions and prob should be said. But I have chosen this theme DuBois, the black educator, was to write: lems that touch and affect our individual for this occasion because first, I believe it is "The problem of the 20th century is the lives and destiny, but whose definition, an important for us to realize and recognize that problem of the color line." DuBois was both swers and resolutions will affect the lives and the time in which we now live can no longer right and wrong. Color was indeed the prob destinies of millions of people, and the fu be accurately described as the "modern age." lem of the nineteenth century. But in he ture life and ultimate destiny of the whole Ours is a period when the "modern age" is context of twentieth century America, color American society. We are now in the fifth receding and the "post-modern world" 1s was to become during the first half, not an year of this new decade and we are beginning emerging. Future historians will be better American problem, but in the words of to discern the emerging signs of a "time of equipped to determine at just what point in Myrdal, an American dilemma. Now, in the troubles." time the "post-modern age" began to dawn. last third of this century, color or race is becoming an American crisis. We have already lived through one turbu But in my judgment, we are both witnesses lent decade in the 1960's. But it began as a to and participants in a decline of the old The historical racial conflict, in this cen decade of great hope and promise. It began and the rlse of the new. tury, in its evolution from racial problem. with the promise of a new American frontier; To racial dilemma to racial crisis has always it began as an era of unJmrallelled hope. And it is important to emphasize that the presented a profound challenge to our na Laws deeply entrenched were changed. Cus new is not yet fixed. What is to be has not tion's doctrines, its ideals, lts beliefs, its laws toms rooted in centuries of historical experi yet been totally shaped. Neither the form nor and its institutions. But never before until ence were uprooted. Attitudes and character the substance has yet been molded and cast. now has the 11acial oonfliot challenged and istics of behavior sanctioned by time and We who live and work at this point 1n his threatened the very existence and survival hallowed by tradi tlon were in the process of torical time are, therefore, privlleged with of the Amerioan society. 38046 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 1, 1975 Everything that is now being laid bare tion of Negroes with whites. Social Justice repressing and suppressing the human spirit, about the disregard for human rights and has as its goal, the liberation of some men but we are also developing the capacity and civil Uberties, the suspension of constitu from the domination and control of other the willingness to destroy human life. tional protections, and the contempt for the men. What our nation needs and must have is rule of law is deeply rooted in our nation's It should be clear, therefore, that the not only courageous and bold moral leader or people's easy accommodation CYf them struggle for Social Justice is more basic, ship, unequivocally committed to leading selves to a social, economic and political more fundamental, more existential. It the nation in translating the "American system that sanctioned and perpetuated the strikes at the heartbeat of the American sys Idea" into the "American Reality," but we doctrine that some men have a right to op tem. It goes beyond the simple question of also need and must have enough citizens press, repress and hold dominion over other racial prejudice and racial bigotry and aims willing to respond and support such leader men. its lance at the principle ingredient that ship. When our nation was still relatively young characterizes our nation, namely, institu History has no predetermined and inexo and groping its way toward fulfilllng its tionalized racism. rable laws. 'History is the doings of men and promise, Abra.ha.m Lincoln, in 1858, warned It heightens the contradictions between what history is, what history means and his countrymen that the ultimate destiny American doctrines and American deeds; be what history represents depends upon what of this society would depend in large meas tween American ideals and American reali men decide to do with their conscience, with rure upon the nation's resolution of its ties; between American beliefs and Amerioan their decisions, and above all, with their acts tt·eatment of .and attitudes toward bla.ck peo practices; between the American future and and deeds. p l.e in a manner consistent with the prin the American past. The future now darkly seen, can be made ciples of freedom, justice and fraternity. But the struggle for Social Justice, as a crystal clear if we decide that the world we And in a letter dated April 6, 1859, he wrote: revolutionary struggle, captures and brings shall make be better than the world we have "This is a world of compensation; and into the living present the revolutionary known and experienced. h•e who would be no slave must consent to themes and revolutionary character of the As I have said, we stand, as it were, at have no slave. Those who deny freedom to living past. And it is a struggle whose time the point of intersection where two eras others deserve it not for themselves, and has come; the rebirth of an idea in this dec meet: the "moden age" and the "post under a just God, cannot long retain it."- ade when we as a nation shall attempt to modern world." Few generations before us Our nation and our people have been celebrate and honor the two hundredth an have been afforded the chance to create the lulled into apathy and indifference about niversary of the original American Revolu future about which we have dreamed and racism and its consequences by the widely tion for justice. the social order for which we have longed. circulated reports that during the 1960's we It is frequently forgotten that "justice" We as a nation stand before the world as have made such tremendous progress toward was the foundation stone on which this Re perhaps the last expression of the possibility changing the nature and condition of life for public was founded. The centrality of justice of man devising a social order where justice black Americans that we can be at peace, in the American concept was eloquently is the supreme ruler and law but its instru eKtend congratulations to ourselves and stated by Madison and Jay in the Federalist ment; where freedom is the dominant creed stand up and cheer. From the "benign ne when they wrote: and order but its principle; where equity is glect" of Moynihan, we are likely now to have "Justice is the end of government. It is the the common practice and fraternity the com a "malignant neglect" from the work of Wat end of civil society. It ever has been and ever mon human condition. tenberg and Scammon. I do not deny that will be pursued untU it be obtained, until Possessing as we do in our mortal hands some things have improved, but I do contend liberty be lost in the pursuit. In a society the power to destroy, we must move to that as long as there is any inequity and under the forms of which the stronger fac possess in our immortal ideas the power to disparity between black and white in fam tions can readily unite and oppress the weak reconstruct. ily income, educational opportunity and er, anarchy may as truly be said to reign, as What we do in the months before us as achievement, employment, housing, election in a state of nature where the weaker in we begin to celebrate and recall our humble to public office at every level and in all other dividual is not secured against the violence but noble beginning will fix the future more areas of American life, I am not prepared to of the stronger." solidly than what we have done in the be at peace, extend congratulations or stand I believe that this is as true today of the months and years behind. We have both time up and cheer. America of the 1970's as it was of the Amer and opportunity to make our nation not Until now, the racial conflict has largely ica of the 1770's when it was conceived and only supreme in its ability to destroy, but been in the form of a struggle for Civil made real in the first American Revolution. without a peer in its ab111ty to create. Rights. Throughout the flrst half of this cen nr IV tury and into the decade of the sixties, the If Social Justice means equity and parity I opened these remarks by calling your central issue has been that of gaining the in access to, and participation in, all of the attention to the fact that we are now half rights of citizenship. And the object of that opportunities, rewards, benefits and powers way through a fresh new decade, filled with struggle has been primarily one of changing of our society, it should be recognized that promise and hope and that before us stands the laws and gaining the equal protection such an objective will not be realized by an emerging new era. It stands before us as thereof. marching in the street or even simply b y another chance : another chance for us to As a social movement, Civil Rights was actions in the court. balance the scales of justice and make them largely a reform movement. Although it cre We face in this task something more than equal; another chance for us to confront ated turbulence and was marked here and the dramatization of issues and of simply the doors of opportunity and make them there by violence (violence brought on changing the law. A way must be found to open; another chance to seize the chains of largely by resisting its efforts) it did not mobilize all of our national institutions to bondage and break them free. create tremendous social upheaval. While it a firm and unequivocal commitment to use In the harbor that leads to our nation's dramatized the issues sometimes in the its resources and influence to bring about an largest city, there stands a monument--a streets, its major battleground took place in alteration of the present status qu·o; to elimi gift to America by a foreign people as an the courts and around negotiating tables. nate the imbalances, the injustices and the expression of their gratitude for what this But as the sixties receded and the decade inequities in every area of American life. nation is and for what it stands. Sculptured of the seventies dawned, the racial conflict If, as a nation in 1960, we could make the in copper is the figure of a woman rising began to assume the form of a struggle--not commitment of our will and resources to 152 feet above the level of the sea. In her for Civil Rights, but for Social Justice. landing a man on the moon before the end right hand she holds a burning torch and And it is the evolution from a "movement of the decade and accomplish it, we can also in her left hand a book of law. Broken for Civil Rights" to a "struggle for Social now make a commitment of our will and shackles lie at her feet as she steps forward. Justice" that has made the issue of race not resources to standing men on their feet be They called it the "Statue of Liberty." a "problem" or a "dilemma," but a crisis. fore the end of this decade and accomplish On the side of its pedestal they inscribed There are several reasons why the language that too. some words through which the nation's voice of crisis is an accurate description of what is To accomplish the task we face in this is eloquently sounded: emerging and of what is in prospect. decade the best efforts of all of our citizens "Give me your tired, your poor, While Civil Rights was a movement of will be required. Your huddled masses yearning to be free. reform, Social Justice is a revolutionary For the first time in our national history struggle. since the Civil War we have become a society The wretched refuse of your teeming shores, Civil Rights raised the issue of where men in fragments, lacking both clear and decisive Send these the homeless, tempest-tossed to can eat; Social Justice raises the issue of moral leadership and assurance as to whether me. whether men shall eat, Civil Rights was con we wish-as a people-that t h e "American I 11!1; my lamp beside the golden door." cerned with where men can work; Social Idea" become the "American Reality." This monument, given by the French peo Justice deals with the issue of whether men Our crisis today is primarily a moral crisis. ple on the occasion of this Nation's one shall work. Civil Rights was concerned with TherP. is no clear sense on the part of large hundredth anniversary of the Declaration of where men may live; Social Justice engages segment s of the American people of what is Independence, was an expression of their the issue of whether men may live. Civil clearly right, what is clearly just, and what faith and hope in the American possibility. Rights sought for men the right to vote; is clearly decent. Havin g existed for almost For almost a hundred years it has stood as Social Justice seeks for men the right to two centuries as a racist society, we are a testimony to freedom. self-determination. quickly becoming a genocidal society in Now. in just a few weeks, again we shall Civil Rights sought as a goal the integra- which we are not only capable of oppressing, begin to celebrate the anniversary of our December 1, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38047 national independence. This time the two Continental Walk organizers are plan Spending organized by CPUSA activist hundredth. ning for participants to cover approxi Pauline Royce Rosen, head of the U.S. As we look toward that event, your genera mately 35 miles every 2 days, with as section of the World Peace Council, the tion and mine can give to the world a greater monument than that given to America by many teachins, speakouts, demonstra Communist Party has argued that with the French in 1876. During 1976, we can tions, and other actions as possible. To the detente in trade and cultural rela begin to erect a monument to justice. Not date over 50 people have expressed an in tions must come a military detente and in the form of a statue, but in the form of terest in walking the entire route. disarmament. a. Nation, united in will and purpose. If we A southern feeder march is being orga The second point to the Communist are courageous, if we are bold, if we are nized with the Southern Christian Lead Party program is that detente and the daring, we can in fact create a. society in ership Conference--SCLC-whose leader, withdrawal from Southeast Asia should which all of its citizens are truly free, in Rev. Ralph Abernathy, is a member of which all of its people are bound together in be used to urge that a strong U.S. de fraternity and in which all men are awarded the praesidium of the World Peace Coun fense capability is no longer needed, and equal justice under the law. cil, the Soviet Union's principal interna that the economic recession requires And just as the Statue of Liberty, standing tional propaganda apparat. massive Federal make-work programs in the harbor of New York, seeks to inspire The SCLC feeder march is to travel such as proposed by H.R. 50. The Com the world, so America, standing between the from New Orleans in April and travel munist Party has been urging for almost Atlantic 'and the Pacific, the Gulf of Mexico through Montgomery, Ala., and Atlanta, a year that the money for these expen and the Borders of Canada, will not only Ga., on its way north to Washington sive Federal job programs be taken from inspire, but will lead all mankind to the where it is scheduled to arrive in Sep a slashed military budget. reality of freedom under God where there Will exist true liberty and true justice for all. tember 1976. A planning conference for Continental Walk organizers list eight This is our inheritance from the past. Let this southern feeder march will be held purposes of the endeavor which ar'e: us now make it our bequest to the future. in Atlanta on December 12-13. Organiz First, to raise the issue of disarma ing is being coordinated by Steve Froem ment through unilateral action as a first ming from 404/881-6666. step toward pushing disarmament to the Targets of the march will include mili top of the public agenda; CONTINENTAL WALK TO PROPA tary installations, Federal buildings, mili Second, to educate about nonviolent GANDIZE FOR DISARMAMENT tary contractors, and nuclear power resistance as a means superior to arma plant sites. The Continental Walk coali ments in defense of all people; tion is already involved in the antinu Third, to demonstrate how our global HON. LARRY McDONALD clear power for peaceful purposes move and domestic and economic problems are OF GEORGIA ment. Nuclear saboteur Sam Lovejoy was interconnected with militarism and the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a featured speaker at the War Registers causes of war, and how solutions to these Monday, December 1, 197 5 League's annual conference, and other problems must include dealing with the coalition members such as Women Strike problem of sexism, racism, militarism, Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. for Peace, which works very closely with and other causes of war; Speaker, a coalition of militant, pro several internationa! Soviet-dominated Fourth, to recast the significance of Marxist so-called "peace" groups is plan Communist fronts, protested the peace the Bicentennial in light of the arms race ning a "Continental Walk for . Disar ful use of nuclear energy earlier this year and related problems; mament and Social Justice" in an at on the anniversary of the Hiroshima Fifth, to encourage cooperation among tempt to drum up support across the bomb. people working for peace, social change, country for such issues as U.S. disar States the Continental Walk organiz- and sexual, racial, and economic justice· mament and detente. The Continental ers: Sixth, to encourage inquiry into th~ Walk is to begin in San Francisco on There are already over 500 nuclear reactors deepest connection between sexual ra January 3'1, 1976, and end in Washing operating in 45 countries. One by-product ot cial, and economic violence and the' vio ton, D.C., some 7 months later. nuclear power, besides the enormous environ lence of war; The call for the Continental Walk for mental hazards, 1s plutonium, which can be Seventh, to listen to the voices of peo Disarmament and Social Justice--the used to manufacture nuclear weapons. ple across the country who suffer be word "social" was recently added lest the The reactors pointed to with horror by cause we have not disarmed; to seek ways public mistakenly conclude that these the radicals range from those used for to help their voices be heard, at the local activists were concerned with equal jus scientific and medical research to those and State level, as well as at the na tice under law rather than with Marx's producing electrical power. And as iron tional level; we will collect grievances plan for "social justice" in a "classless" can be used to make nails or knives, so from people for presentation to Govern Communist society-initiated with the plutonium can be used to generate more ment officials; and War Resisters League. nuclear fuel or to make a bomb. Poten Eighth, to encourage a renewal of dem~ The War Resisters League--WRL tiality equals actuality for the antinu onstrations and intensified action around equates the principal causes of war with clear extremists. the country and eventually around the the existence of private property and the In general, the issues to be raised dur world on the issue of disarmament. free enterprise system-capitalism-as ing the Continental Walk are of two The call for the Continental Walk do the Marxists. In their view, therefore, kinds-local and international. Local is distributed from the War Resister~ true "peace" will only be achieved with sues will be determined later but can be League offices at 339 Lafayette Street, the abolition of private property and New York, N.Y. 10012, concludes: capitalism in a "classless" society. The expected to include protests against local companies who have accepted De Today, * * * the revolutionary act is dis WRL's principal activity in support of armament. The revolutionary act is to iden this Marxist definition of "peace" during fense Department contracts, and protests against military bases, missile sites, and tify and ellminate the causes of war, which the past 15 years has been its work on be lies in the sexual and social and economic half of the North Vietnamese Commu nuclear power plants. structures of our societies. * * * nists and their Vietcong guerrilla terror International issues will include a call We belleve that disarmament 1s the great ists. for the United States to unilaterally dis est and most urgent challenge facing hu Cosponsors of the Continental Walk arm, and a call for a simultaneous shift manity. We will begin walking to meet that of economic priorities "from militarism challenge in early 1976. We hope that you Will include the American Friends Service join your steps With ours. Committee, the Catholic Peace Fellow and toward meeting domestic and global ship, The Catholic Worker, Clergy and human needs and removal of the causes The call is signed by a broad range of Laity Concerned, the Fellowship of Rec of war." detente supporters who were previously onciliation, SANE, the Southern Chris It is of more than passing interest that noted for their support of the sort of tian Leadership Conference, Women the Communist Party, U.S.A., launched "peace" practiced by the Vietcong on Strike for Peace and the Women's Inter an exactly parallel campaign in Septem- anti-Communists in South Vietnam. The national League for Peace and Freedom. her 1974. Through its nationally active signers include: International endorsers include the In front, the National Coalition to Fight In SIGNERS FOR CONTINENTAL WALK ternational Confederation for Disarma flation and Unemployment--NCFIU Ralph Abernathy, Bella Abzug, Robert Al ment and Peace and the War Resisters' and through its spring National Confer pern, Michael Anania, Joan Baez, Richard Interna tiona!. ence for a Drastic Cutback in Military Barnet, Norma Becker, Daniel Berrigan, Phil- 38048 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE December 2, 1975 ip Berrigan, Elizabeth McAlister Berrigan, his own availability. He stood on the pave Either way, in a. state where polltical cor Robert Bly, Julian Bond, Kay Boyle, Harry ment in one place, fearless of what congress ruption looms over the citizens as imposingly Boyle, Anne Braden. men home for the weekend dread most: be as the mountains, Hechler was a fresh voice. Millen Brand, Robert McAfee Brown, Steph ing motionless. His message to the people In time, he made it fresher. He helped orga en G. Cary, Joseph Chaikin, Noam Chom that he was approachable was quickly per nize the coal miners into a force that de sky, William Sloan Cofiln, Dorothy Day, ceived. People surrounded him. Most were manded-and received-the 1969 Coal Mine Karen DeCrow, Dave Delllnger, Ron Dellums, coal miners or widows who had gotten no Health and Safety Act. He was the only James Douglass, Martin Duberma.n, Barbara. where with the local or federal government member of Congress to stand with Joseph Ehrenreich, Daniel Ellsberg, Richard A. Fa.lk. with one claim or another-social security, Yablonsky in the latter's doomed struggle Sissy Fa.renthold, Mimi Farina., Jules Fei! welfare, black lung, food stamps-and were against the Boyle mob. He bas been the only fer, W. H. "Ping" Ferry, James H. Forest, now appealing to Hechler. He took their one in Congress to consist ently call for a Larry Ga.ra., Allen Ginsberg, Mike Harring forms and documents, filling his pockets total ban on strip mining. ton, James Haughton, Dorothy Healey, Nat With them, and promising to act on return After a few years of this kind of insolence, Hentoff, Donald Kalish, Honey Knopp, Ber ing to Washington. the boys in the board rooms and the back nard Lee, Shirley Lens. The other political style was Byrd's. He was rooms had had enough. In 1972, "coinci Sin Lens, Brad Lyttle, Dwight Macdonald, the eager ground-gainer, the believer in the dence" saw to it that Hechler was redis David McReynolds, Seymour Melman, Joe political maxims that no idle hand of a. voter tricted, ever the convenient stake at which Miller, Grace Paley, Sidney Peck, Charles should go unpumped and that no banter to burn a. heretic. His primary opponent was Rangel, Marcus Raskin, Muriel Rukeyser, could be too trivial. He worked the crowd, James Kee, a strip mining cheerleader, con Benjamin Spack, Dorothy R. Steffens, Gloria. row by row, mixing chumminess with sena sidered unbeatable. Hechler beat Kee and Steinem, I. F. Stone, Ethel Taylor. torial dignity. But when he climbed to the won the fall election so decisively that two Studs Terkel, Jean Claude van Ita.llie, platform, hi& pockets-unlike Hechler's years later he bad no opponent at all, a. George Wal.d, Arthur Waskow, Beverly Wood conta.ined no forms or papers. None of the luxury mostly enjoyed by Southern segrega ward, Cora. Weiss, Margaret Wright, Andrew citizens had asked him for anything. tionists and other immovable objects. Wryly, Young, Ron Young, Frank P. Zeidler, Irma. That a. small state like West Virginia. is Hechler says that having no opponent in Zlgas large enough to support two such dissimilar 1974 made life dull. "I had no one to debate politicians as Hechler and Byrd is one of the issues With. For the first time, no one Appalachia's ongoing mysteries. The deepest stood up to defend strip mining or the coal KEN HECHLER: REFUSING THE VOW puzzle is Hechler. Unlike most mountain companies. I guess they figured it was better OF OBEDIENCE politicians, he is an apostate who has never not even to remind the voters there were taken a. vow of obedience to the coal and issues to be decided." energy companies. His own district in the Hechler is 61, unmarried, physically fit and HON. BILL ALEXANDER southern border of the state contains more the owner of a. folksy manner that disguises OF ARKANSAS coal than any area. in the country. Coal may much of the zeal and wrath within him. If be king, but for Hechler the powers behind IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES there is any perverseness to him, it is the the throne can be wily and dangerous, With delight be shows in driving eastern reporters a. record that he occasionally calls "dia Monday, December 1, 1975 around his district in his Jeep. A Uttle bolical." roughing it won't hurt the press, Hechler Mr. ALEXANDER. Mr. Speaker, the The devil is a metaphor the mountain says. This Jeep is but a cut above a. four Washington Post carried an editorial to people understand because notions like evil, wheeled contraption. Hechler's vehicle was day, December 1, 1975, by Colman Mc sin and damnation have not been brushed once a. campaign issue. His opponent said the Carthy that deserves the notice of our aside as casually as they have been in the Jeep demeaned the dignity of West Virgin colleagues. The article was complimen cities. If Hechler's district is a classroom ians because the people deserved a congress and lessons can be applied to other parts man who rode in a. limousine, like all the tary but it failed to state that Congress of the country, one truth is clear: it is possi man HECHLER is, in addition to his con ble to run against uns.ccountable corpora other champions of the people. stituent popularity, a frequent spokes tions and not only win but thrive. Hechler's The national press isn't poking around man in the arena of national debate. I record suggests that the voters may be far West Virginia these days for hints of "the ahead of the politicians and will gratefully national mood." The state hasn't been na submit a copy of the column for the tionally significant since .John Kennedy came RECORD: embrace anyone halfway daring enough to expose corporate manipulators with their here in 1960 to prove that religion is not a. KEN HECIU..ER: REFUSING THE Vow OF slush funds, cash envelopes and hunting political issue. Hechler's success may not be OBEDIENCE lodges. as dramatic as Kennedy's 1960 victory, but (By Colman McCarthy) Hechler first ran for office in 1958, shortly what it suggests could be as politically sig LOGAN, WEST VIRGINIA.-The two politi after coming to West Virginia. from Wash nificant: that accountability is now a major cians walked from the main entrance of the ington. He worked in the 1956 Stevenson concern of the voters. Too many corporations, new hospital that both had come to help campaign but came to the mountains to governmental agencies and institutions have dedicate. They bad lunched inside with the clear his head of abstractions. He was born been heedless of anything but their own in directors and were now moving to the out on Long Island, took a Ph.D. at Columbia and terests, with little concern about victimizing door platform for speeches. One, Ken Hech should have been the kin d of person-the citizens. America is not yet totally captured ler, the local congressman, was approached by egghead outlander-who West Virginians by the special interests the way that many a disabled miner who carried black lung pa traditionally ignore. He endeared himself to in West Virginia are dominated by company pers and wanted help figuring them out. The the voters, however, not by seeking office but towns. But if any of those now seeking na other was Robert Byrd, the state's junior sen by having it pushed upon him by his stu ator and a local boy who (as he reminded dents at Marshall University. "I was teaching tional office want to learn about a style of the crowd in his speech) was now a mighty government and telling the youngsters why politics that succeeds by responding to voter power in Washington; he spotted the 150 they should get involved, when suddenly resentment of vested-interest domination, spectators and bolted for them to shake they began telling me to get involved. So I they ought to hitch a ride with Hechler in hands. tried for Congress as a longshot, and made it. his. Jeep. Nowhere are these vested interests For the next few minutes, two styles of The students virtually ran my campaign. It more dominating and nowhere is there a. American politics were at work. Hechler was probably a combination of their honesty politician whose boldness in opposing them offered the people no other commodity than and my enthusiasm that won the election." is more appreciated.
SENATE-Tuesday, December 2, 1975
The Senate met at 10 a.m. and was strength of my life; of whom shall I to correct that which is wrong, to act called to order by Hon. WENDELL H. be afraid? for justice, to support the weak, and to FoRD, a Senator from the State of Ken Wait on the Lord: be of good courage, live at peace with all men. tucky. and He shall strengthen thine heart: And may Thy blessing be upon us and wait, I say, on the Lord.-Psalms 27: 1, remain in us, through Him who is the PRAYER 14. Way, the Truth, and the Life. Amen. The Chaplain, the Reverend Edward Praise be to Thee, 0 God, for days of L. R. Elson, D.D., offered the following high hope and great expectation-hope and expectation grounded in our faith prayer: APPOINTMENT OF ACTING PRESI in Thee. Prepare us in mind and in soul Hear the words of the Psalmist: for Thy coming again in power and in DENT PRO TEMPORE The Lord is my light and my salvation; love for the redemption of mankind. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk whom shall I tear? the Lord is the Help us to hold fast that which is good, will please read a communication to the