SELECTED WRITINGS: 1909-1953

VOLUME TWO VIENNA CIRCLE COLLECTION

Editorial Committee

HENK L. MULDER, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The

ROBERT S. COHEN, Boston University, Boston, Mass., U.S.A. BRIAN McGUINNESS, The Queen's College, Oxford, England

Editorial Advisory Board

ALFRED J. AYER, New College, Oxford, England

tV. BAR-HILLEL, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel ALBERT E. BLUMBERG, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, N.J., U.S.A.

HASKELL B. CURRY, Pennsylvania State University, Pa., U.S.A. HERBERT FEIGL, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn., U.S.A.

ERWIN N. HIEBERT, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A.

J AAKKO HINTlKKA, Academy of Finland, Helsinki, Finland and Stanford University, Stanford, Calif and F70rida State University, Tallahassee, F7a., U.S.A.

tVIKTOR KRAFT, Vienna, Austria KARL MENGER, fllinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, fll., U.S.A.

GABRIEL NUCHELMANS, University of Leyden, Leyden, The Netherlands

ANTHONY M. QUINTON, New College, Oxford, England J. F. STAAL, University of California, Berkeley, Call!, U.S.A.

VOLUME 4

EDITOR: ROBERT S. COHEN HANS REICHENBACH AT U.C.L.A. HANS REICHENBACH

SELECTED WRITINGS 1909-1953

VOLUME TWO

Principal Translations by

ELIZABETH HUGHES SCHNEEWIND

Edited by

MAR I ARE I C HEN B A CHand ROB E R T S. C 0 HEN

D. REIDEL PUBLISHING COMPANY

DORDRECHT : HOLLAND I BOSTON: U.S.A. : ENGLAND Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Reichenbach, Hans, 1891-1953. Selected writings, 1909 -1 953.

(Vienna circle collection; v. 4) "Bibliography of writings of Hans Reichenbach": v. 1, p. Includes index. 1. Philosophy -Addresses, essays, lectures. 2. Science- Philosophy-Addresses, essays, lectures. 3. Physics-Philosophy• Addresses, essays, lectures. 4. Social problems-Addresses, essays, lectures. I. Reichenbach, Maria. II. Cohen, Robert Sonne. III. Series. B29. R423 1978 191 78-18446

ISBN-13: 978-90-277-0910-3 e-ISBN -13: 978-94-009-9855-1 001: 10.1 007/978-94-009-9855-1

Principal translations from the German by Elizabeth Hughes Schnee wind, further translations by Laurent Beauregard (Article 50), and Maria Reichenbach (Articles 44, 45, 55, and 56) Translations edited by M.R. and R.S.C.

Published by D. Reidel Publishing Company, P.O. Box 17, Dordrecht, Holland Sold and distributed in the U.S.A., Canada, and Mexico by D. Reidel Publishing Company, Inc. Lincoln Building, 160 Old Derby Street, Hingham, Mass. 02043, U.S.A.

All Rights Reserved Copyright © 1978 by D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland and copyrightholders as specified on appropriate pages within. No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any informational storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner TABLE OF CONTENTS

PUBLISHER'S NOTE xi

PART V I PHILOSOPHY OF PHYSICS 44. The Present State of the Discussion on Relativity (1922) 3 45. The Theory of Motion According to Newton, Leibniz, and Huyghens (1924) 48 46. The Relativistic Theory of Time (1924) 69 47. The Causal Structure of the World and the Difference between Past and Future (1925) 81 48. The Aims and Methods of Physical Knowledge (1929) Part (a) The General Theory of Physical Knowledge: I. The Value of Physical Knowledge / 2. Demarcation between Physics and the Other Natural Sciences / 3. Physics and Technology /4. Physics and Mathematics / 5. Perception / 6. The Problem of Reality / 7. Probability Inference / B. The Physical Concept of Truth /9. Physical Fact /10. Physical Definition /11. The Criterion of Simplicity / 12. The Goal of Physical Knowledge 120 Part (b) Empiricism and Theory in the Individual Principles of Physics: 13. The Problem of the A Priori / 14. The Place of Reason in Knowledge / 15. Space / 16. The Idealistic and Realistic Conceptions oC.space /17. Time /IB. The Connection between Time and Space / 19. Substance / 20. Causality / 21. The Asymmetry of Causality / 22. Probability / 23. The Significance of Intuitive Models / 24. The Epistemological Situation in Quantum Mechanics 169 49. Current Epistemological Problems and the Use of a Three- Valued Logic in Quantum Mechanics (I 951) 226 50. The Logical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics (1952) 237 51. The Philosophical Significance of the Wave-Particle Dualism (I953) 279

PART VI I PROBABILITY AND INDUCTION 52a. The Physical Presuppositions of the Calculus of Probability (1920) 293

vii YIll TABLE OF CONTENTS

52b. Appendix: A Letter to the Editor (1920) 310 53. A Philosophical Critique of the Probability Calculus (1920) 312 54. Notes on the Problem of Causality [A Letter from Erwin Schrodinger to Hans Reichenbach] (1924) 328 55. Causality and Probability (1930) 333 56. The Principle of Causality and the Possibility of Its Empirical Confirmation (1932) 345 57. Induction and Probability: Remarks on Karl Popper's The Logic of Scientific Discovery (1935) 372 58. The Semantic and the Object Conceptions of Probability Expressions (1939) 388 59. A Letter to Bertrand Russell (March 28, 1949) 405

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WRITINGS OF HANS REICHENBACH 413

INDEX OF NAMES TO VOLUMES ONE AND TWO 430

CONTENTS OF VOLUME ONE

PREFACE PUBLISHER'S NOTE HANS REICHENBACH: PRINCIPAL DATES FAMILY TREE

MEMORIES OF HANS REICHENBACH 1. Autobiographical Sketches for Academic Purposes 2. Memories of WendeIi Erne, Hans Reichenbach's Sister 3. At the End of School Days: A Look Backward and a Look Forward (1909) 4. Letter from Reichenbach to His Four Years Older Brother Bernhard 5. From a letter of Bernhard Reichenbach to Maria Reichenbach (1975) 6. Memories of Use Reichenbach, Hans Reichenbach's Sister-in-Law 7. Memories of Uncle Hans: Nino Erne 8. Hans' Speech at the Funeral of His Father 9. Aphorisms of a Docent Formally Admitted to Teach at a University (1924) 10. University Student: Carl Landauer 11. University Student: Hilde Landauer 12. Memories of Hans Reichenbach, 1928 and Later: Sidney Hook 13. A Young University Teacher [from a letter of Carl Hempel to Maria Reichenbach, March 21, 1976] 14. A Professor in Turkey, 1936: Memories of Matild Kamber TABLE OF CONTENTS ix

15. Concerning Reichenbach's Appointment to the University of California at Los Angeles: Charles Morris 16. Memories of Hans Reichenbach: Rudolf Carnap 17. Memories of Hans Reichenbach: Herbert Feigl lB. Recollections of Hans Reichenbach: Ernest Nagel 19. U.C.L.A.: Donald Kalish 20. U.C.L.A.: Paul Wienpahl 21. U.C.L.A.: Norman Dalkey 22. U.C.L.A.: Hermann F. Schott 23. A Blind Student Recalls Hans Reichenbach: H. G. Burns 24. Recollections of Hans Reichenbach: David Brunswick 25. U.C.L.A., 1945-1950: Cynthia Schuster 26. U.C.L.A., 1949: W. Bruce Taylor 27. 1950: Donald A. Wells 2B. U.C.L.A., 1951-53: Ruth Anna Putnam 29. Memories of Hans Reichenbach: Frank Leroi 30. Hans Reichenbach's Definitive Influence on Me: Adolf Griinbaum 31. At the Chapel, 1953: Abraham Kaplan 32. Hans Reichenbach, a Memoir: Wesley C. Salmon 33. Memories of Hans Reichenbach: Maria Reichenbach

PART 1/ EARLY WRITINGS ON SOCIAL PROBLEMS Student Years: Introductory Note to Part I (M.R.) 1. The Student (1912-13) 2. The Student Body and Catholicism (1912) 3. The Free Student Idea: Its Unified Contents (1913) 4. Why do we Advocate Physical Culture? (1913) 5. The Meaning of University Reform (1914) 6. Platform of the Socialist Student Party (19IB) 7. Socializing the University (19IB) I. Society and Community II. The University III. The New Order IV. Economic Demands V. Legal Demands B. Report of the Socialist Student Party, , and Notes on the Program (191B)

PART II/POPULAR SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES 9. The Nobel Prize for Einstein (1922) 10. Relativity Theory in a Matchbox: A Philosophical Dialogue (1922) II. Tycho Brahe's Sextants (1926) 12. The Effects of Einstein's Theory (1926) 13. An Open Letter to the Berlin Funkstunde Corporation (1926). 14. Laying the Foundations of Chemistry: The Work of Marcellin Berthelot (1927) 15. Memories of Svante Arrhenius (1927) 16. A New Model of the Atom (1927) 17. On the Death of H. A. Lorentz (1928) x TABLE OF CONTENTS

18. Philosophy of the Natural Sciences (1928) 19. Space and Time: From Kant to Einstein (1928) 20. Causality or Probability? (1928) 21. The World View of the Exact Sciences (1928) 22. New Approaches in Sciences: Physical Research (1929) 23. New Approaches in Science: Philosophical Research (1929) 24. New Approaches in Science: Mathematical Research (1929) 25. The New Philosophy of Science (1929) 26. Einstein's New Theory (1929) 27. Johannes Kepler (1930) 28. The Present State of the Sciences: The Exact Natural Sciences (1930) 29. One Hundre.d Against Einstein (1931) 30. Is the Human Mind Capable of Change? (An Interview) (1932)

PART III / GENERAL SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES 31. Metaphysics and Natural Science (1925) 32. Bertrand Russell (1929) 33. The Philosophical Significance of Modern Physics (1930) 34. The Konigsberg Conference on the Epistemology of the Exact Sciences (1930) 35. The Problem of Causality in Physics (1931) 36. The Physical Concept of Truth (1931) 37. Heinrich Scholz' History of Logic (1931) 38. Aims and Methods of Modern Philosophy of Nature (1931) 39. Kant and Natural Science (1933) 40. Carnap's Logical Strncture of the World (1933) 41. Theory of Series and Godel's Theorems (Sections 17-22) (1948)

PART IV / ETHICAL ANALYSIS 42. The Freedom of the Will (1959) 43. On the Explication of Ethical Utterances (1959)

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WRITINGS or HANS RFICHINBACH

INorx or NAMFS PUBLISHER'S NOTE

The publishers of this volume wish to thank the following publishers for permission to include translations or reprints of the respective articles. Full details can be found in the Bibliography of Writings of Hans Reichenbach at the end of the book.

Part V art. 44, 45 " 55 Routledge & Kegan Paul, London " 56 " 47 Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Munich " 48 - Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York " 49 Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung (Tiibingen) 50 Gauthier-Villars, Paris

Part VI

art. 52a, b, 53 - Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York " 54,57 - Felix Meiner, Leipzig 58

xi