Nymphalis KLUK [1780] Sensu Lato

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The names proposed for taxa in the genus

Nymphalis KLUK [1780] sensu lato

Anglewing Butterflies Papiliones angulati.

compiled by Joseph Belicek last updated 13 February 2013

Contents Page Part I. Nymphalis sensu lato — The Genus-group names 3

Part II. The Genus Nymphalis (KLUK, [1780]) — Valid species names with (subgenera). Option A. 7 Part III. The Genus Nymphalis (Kluk, [1780]) — sensu lato. Valid species names, with subgenera 8 elevated genera. Option B. Part IV. — Anglewing butterflies — A Systematic Overview 9 Part V. Species-group names — ALL An alphabetic index (AAI) 11 References (In preparation)

"Move beyond any attachment to names. Every war and every conflict between human beings has happened because of some disagreement about names. It's such an unnecessary foolishness, because just beyond the arguing there's a long table of companionship set and waiting for us to sit down."

Jalaluddin Rumi as interpreted by Coleman Barks. the great Sufi mystic/poet (13th Century) courtesy of ARTHUR SHAPIRO

—— q

chronologic listing

Nymphalis KLUK, [1780]. TS: Papilio polychloros LINNAEUS, 1758. Sensu lato. Aglais DALMAN 1816. TS: Papilio urticae LINNAEUS, 1758. Available name. Ichnusa REUSS, 1939. TS: Papilio ichnusa BONELLI, 1826. Junior Subjective Synonym of Aglais. Inachis HÜBNER, [1819]. TS: Papilio io LINNAEUS, 1758. Available name. Hamadryas HÜBNER, [1806]. TS: Papilio io LINNAEUS, 1758. ICZN Rejected work and name. Polygonia HÜBNER, [1819]. TS: Papilio c-aureum LINNAEUS, 1758. Available name. Eugonia HÜBNER, [1819]. TS: Papilio angelica STOLL, 1872. = Papilio c-aureum LINNAEUS, 1758. See HEMMING, 1967. Junior Objective synonym of Polygonia. Comma RENNIE, 1832. TS: Papilio c-album LINNAEUS, 1758. Junior Subjective Synonym of Polygonia. Grapta KIRBY, 1837.. TS: Vanessa (Grapta) c-argenteum KIRBY, 1837. = Papilio progne CRAMER, [1775]. Junior Subjective synonym of Polygonia. Euvanessa SCUDDER, 1889. TS: Papilio antiopa LINNEAUS, 1758. Available name. Scudderia GROTE, 1873. TS: Papilio antiopa LINNEAUS, 1758. Junior Homonym of Scudderia STÅL, 1873. Antiopana KORB, 2005. TS: Papilio antiopa LINNEAUS, 1758. Junior Objective Synonym of Euvanessa. Kaniska MOORE, 1899. TS: Papilio canace LINNAEUS, 1763. Available name. Roddia KORSHUNOV, 1995. TS: Papilio l-album ESPER, 1781. Available name.

alphabetic listing

Aglais DALMAN, 1816. – Försök till systematisk Uppstälning af Sveriges Fjärilar. ‒ Konglia Svenska Vetenskaps Academiens Handligar, volume 37: 48-101, 199-225, pl. 2. Stockholm: Sweden. [in Latin]. Page 56: Aglais. TS: Papilio urticae LINNAEUS, 1758, originally designated. As noted by Hemming (1967), DALMAN (1816) was probably the first author to introduce the concept of a type-species for a generic taxon. DALMAN used the designation "Generis Typus: A. urticae." − Etymology: the generic name Aglais is most probably derived from Greek, άγλαός, meaning fulgens [shining, radiant, red], in reference to the wing colour of the butterflies (AGASSIZ, 1840). Alternatively the name Aglais might have been adopted from Greek mythology.

Antiopana KORB, 2005. − A catalogue of butterflies from the ex USSR, with remarks on systematics and nomenclature. − On page 72, originally described as a new genus Antiopana. − OD: “This new genus well differs from all known Nymphalinae subgenera by the male genitalic structures (valvae and gnathos structures) and by brown (to black) ground colour.” − TS: Papilio antiopa LINNAEUS, 1758, by original designation and monotypy. − Etymology: The generic name Antiopana [feminine gender] is derived from the name of its type-species, i.e antiopa L. − Taxonomic notes: the taxon Antiopana KORB, 2005, is a junior objective synonym of Euvanessa SCUDDER, 1889.

© 2013 Joseph Belicek 3 Comma RENNIE 1832. − A Conspectus of the Butterflies and Moths Found in Britain; with their English and systematic names, times of appearance, sizes, colours, their caterpillars, and various localities. − Originally described on page 8 as a subgenus of Polygonia HÜBNER [1819]. Type- species: Papilio c-album LINNAEUS, 1758., originally selected. − Etymology: The generic name Comma was most probably named in reference to the silvery-white, comma marking on the venter of the hind wings. Junior Subjective Synonym of Polygonia HÜBNER [1819].

Eugonia HÜBNER, [1819]. – Vezeichniss bekannte Schmetelinge[sic], page 36-37. Originally described as new genus. − TS: Papilio angelica Stoll, [1782], In Cramer: Uitlandische Kapellen, 4 (33) p. 204, subsequently designated by GROTE, 1873; The Canadian Entomologist, vol. 5 (8): 144. As pointed out by HEMMING (1934, 1964): “Papilio angelica STOLL, 1782 represents a taxon subjectively the same as the older established Papilio c-aureum LINNAEUS, 1858. Thus, the names Polygonia and Eugonia are synonyms of each other.” HEMMING (1934) as the First Reviser selected the name Polygonia as having the page precedence over Eugonia. − Etymology: The generic name Eugonia [feminine gender] is derived from Greek: prefix Ey, [Latin Eu,] "good, 'true'" and γωνία - gōnius -a, "angle".

Euvanessa SCUDDER, 1888. The butterflies of the eastern United States and Canada, with special reference to New England. Voume 1: 387. TS: Papilio antiopa Linnaeus, 1758. Synonyms: Scudderia GROTE, 1873 (preoccupied); Antiopana KORB, 2005 (Junior objective synonym). Etymology: The name is derived from Greek 'eu' meaning "good (true)" + 'vanessa' meaning “butterfly." There are two species included in the genus Euvanessa: antiopa (LINNAEUS, 1758); and cyanomelas (DOUBLEDAY, [1849]).

Grapta KIRBY 1837. ‒ The Insects. In: J. Richardson, Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the Zoology of the Northern Parts of British America: Containing Descriptions of the Objects of Natural History Collected on the Late Northern Land Expeditions, under Command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. TS: Page 292, Originally, KIRBY introduced the name Grapta in combination Vanessa (Grapta) c-argentuem KIRBY, 1837. The taxon c-argentum KIRBY, 1837 is subjectively the same as Papilio progne CRAMER, 1775; see (HEMMING, 1967). Etymology:

Hamadryas HÜBNER, [1806]. ‒ Tentamen determinationis digestionis ...: [1] (rejected name). − TS: Papilio io LINNAEUS, 1758, by monotypy. The generic name Hamadryas Hübner, 1806, as of Tentamen, is invalid by the ruling given by the Commission in its Opinion 97 (1926 , Smithsonian miscellaneous Collections, 73 (No. 4): 19-30.; republished 1958, Opinion int. Comm. zool. Nom. 1 (B): 355-360. The leaflet in which this name appeared was rejected by the Commission as being unavailable for the purposes of zoological nomenclature as per the Code, Article 45.6.2.. The generic name Hamadryas Hübner, [1806] has been placed on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Generic Names in Zoology as name No. 82.

Ichnusa REUSS, 1939. − Entomologische Zeitung (Frankfurt), 53 (1): 3. TS: Papilio ichnusa BONELLI, 1826. − Memor. Accad. Sci., Torino 30: 174, 186, no. 1, pl. 2, fig. 2 (= Papilio ichnusa HÜBNER, [1824]. − Sammlung europ. Schmett. 1: pl. 170, fig. 840). Etymology: named in reference to Sardinia which was called Ichnusa by the Phoenicians.

Inachis HÜBNER, [1819]. – Verzeichniss bekannte Schmetelinge[sic], page 37. − Originally described as a new geenus. − TS: Papilio io LINNAEUS, 1758, Systema Naturae, p. 472, no. 88., designated by monotypy. HÜBNER [1819] recognized Family D: - Angulatae [Anglewings] and divided them into six subgroups, referred to as coitus: 1. Athenae, 2. Polygoniae, 3. Eugoniae, 4. Inaches, 5. Elymniades and 6. Araschniae. Of these, only Polygonia, Eugonia and Inachis represent true Anglewings. − Etymology: The generic name Inachis [a masculine gender] is adopted from Greek mythology: According to the oldest tradition in the region, now called Argolis, when Inakhos (Inachus) was the king, he named a river after himself. Today, the river is called Inachos. − Present status: the taxon Inachis HÜBNER, [1819], has been synonymized with taxon Aglais DALMAN, 1816, by Wahlberg et al (2005, 2009), based on DNA studies. Further, some people would include taxa

© 2013 Joseph Belicek 4 Polygonia, Kaniska, Aglais (includes Inachis), Roddia, and Nymphalis all as one genus. However, most taxonomists would prefer to have at least some of these taxa remain as distinct genera, i. e. Aglais, Polygonia, Kaniska. I consider the taxon Inachis HÜBNER, [1819], as a separate entity from Aglais DALMAN, 1816, based on: (1) a unique morphology of the male genital armature; (2) unique wing colour and ocellate pattern on both wings. The debate about the taxon Inachis HÜBNER, [1819] will likely to continue, as it is mostly a matter of personal preference what rank one should assign to it.

Kaniska MOORE, [1899]. – Lepidoptera Indica. Volume 4 (41): 91. Originally described as a new genus. TS: Papilio canace LINNAEUS, 1763; originally designated. Etymology: the genus was named for the great Kusána, king of India, and a renowned patron of Buddhism. His name was often spelled as Kániska on the inscriptions.

Nymphalis KLUK, [1780]. – Zwierząt domowych i dzikich, osobliwie krajowych historii naturalnej początki i gospodarstwo… (English title: The natural history of domestic and national [Polish] wild animals and animals of the farm). Volume 4: Owadzie i robakach. Zwierz. Hist. Nat. Pocz. Gospod. 4: 86-89, no. 148. TS: Papilio polychloros LINNAEUS, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 477, no. 113, subsequently designated by HEMMING (1933), Entomologist, vol. 6 (845): 223. I.C.Z.N. Opinion 278 placed Nymphalis on the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology as name no. 702. Cowan (1970: 52) stated: "No. 703" to read No. 7. Nymphalis KLUK, [1780]* not 1802. *As shown by Paclt, (1955) and Bálint et al, (2001), the first date of publication for Kluk's work is 1780, not 1802. Bálint et al, (2001) were planning to submit to the ICZN a recommendation: “No. 6. That the date of first publication of names Nymphalis Kluk, Heliconius Kluk, and Danaus Kluk (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) be determined to be 1780.” So far, (2011) ICZN did not make a ruling on this case]. HEMMING (1967) stated that the word "Nymphalis" is one of a number used by LINNAEUS in 1758 and his immediate successors for terms intermediate between the generic name Papilio Linnaeus and groups of species referred to the genus so named. The claim of these terms to be recognized as having been published as generic names was rejected by the Commission in its Opinion 124 (1936, Smithsonian miscellaneous Collections 73 (No. 8): 1-2; republished in facsimile in 1958 (Opinions of the international Commission on the zoological Nomenclature 1 (B): 465-466)). In 1954, the name Nymphalis KLUK, 1802 has been placed on the 0fficial List of Generic Names in Zoology as Name No. 7, (Opinion 278).

Polygonia HÜBNER [1819]. – Verzeichniss bekannte Schmetelinge[sic], page 36. − The type-species: Papilio c-aureum LINNEUS, 1758, subsequently selected by SCUDDER (1872).

Roddia Korshunov, 1995. – In: KORSHUNOV & GORBUNOV, Butterflies of the Asian part of Russia, p. 81-82. [In Russian] − Originally described as a new genus. – TS: Papilio l-album ESPER, 1781; Die Schmett. 1(2)(2): pl. 62 (cont. 12), figs. 3a, 3b; (3): 69-71, by original designation and monotypy. − Taxonomic note: Korshunov (1995) proposed the name Roddia for Papilio l-album Esper, [1781], without giving any reason for erecting it. Esper (1781) mentioned in his description of Papilio l-album that he considers this species to represent a a separate genus [Gattung], based on a comparison with Papilio c-album [now Polygonia] and Papilio polychloros [now Nymphalis]. However, he did not name it. I presume that Korshunov (1995) acted on Esper's hint, naming Roddia. According to Korshunov, (1995), the generic name Roddia [a feminine gender] is named in honour of a forester and entomologist Eugeniy Georgievich Rodd (1871-1933), an explorer of Altai and the Upper Priobye Region, Russia. –– Wahlberg and Nylin (2003), Cladistics 19(3): 221-222, and Wahlberg et al. (2005), Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 86(2): 235, 238, 250, placed Roddia as a subjective junior synonym of Nymphalis Kluk, 1780. − Present status: I recognize the taxon Roddia Korshunov, 1995 as a valid subgenus of Nymphalis (Kluk, 1780). It includes two species: Roddia l-album (Esper, [1781]) and R. j- album (Boisduval & Le Conte, [1835]).

Scudderia GROTE, 1873. − On Mr. Scudder’s Systematic Revision of some of New England butterflies. [Paper no. 3]. − The Canadian Entomologist,

© 2013 Joseph Belicek 5 vol., 5 (8): 143-145. [144]. − TS: Papilio antiopa LINNAEUS, 1758; Systema Naturae (ed. 10) 1: 476-477, no. 112. — Originally designated and by monotypy. Scudderia GROTE, 1873 is a junior homonym of Scudderia stål, 1873 (Orthoptera). According to SCUDDER (1875, 1889), Scudderia STÅL, 1873 was apparently published in April 1873. Preoccupied by Scudderia STÅL, 1873, Öfvers. K. VetenskAkad. Förh. 30: 41. (Orthoptera). Scudderia Grote, 1873, is known to have been published in August 1873. Thus, Scudderia GROTE, 1873 is invalid name under the Principle of Homonymy (Code, Article 52.1). HEMMING (1967: 407), incorrectly states that Scudderia GROTE, 1873 was replaced by Euvanessa SCUDDER, 1889. The name Euvanessa was proposed as a new genus erected genus by SCUDDER, 1889. The name Scudderia GROTE, 1873 was listed by SCUDDER as a junior synonym, without any comment.

Vanessa Auctorum; not Vanessa FABRICIUS, 1807. In the past, Anglewing butterflies have beenfrequently associated with the name Vanessa, e.g.: GODART, (1819); STEPHEN, 1828; KIRBY, 1838; HARRIS, (1862); SAUNDERS, (1869); STAUDINGER, (1871); KIRBY, (1871); STRECKER, (1878); VERITY (1913, 1916); SEITZ (1913); and many others.

1. antiopa ― P.[apilio] Antiopa LINNAEUS, 1758. ‒ Nymphalis (Euvanessa) antiopa (LINNAEUS, 1758). 2. c-album ― P.[apilio] C. album LINNAEUS, 1758. – Nymphalis (Polygonia ) c-album (LINNAEUS, 1758). 3. c-aureum ― P.[apilio] C. aureum LINNAEUS, 1758. – Nymphalis (Polygonia) c-aureum (LINNAEUS, 1758). 4. californica ― Vanessa Californica BOISDUVAL, 1852. ‒ Nymphalis (Nymphalis) californica (BOISDUVAL, 1852). 5. canace ― P. [apilio] Canace LINNAEUS, 1763. – Nymphalis (Kaniska) canace (LINNAEUS, 1763). 6. caschmirensis ‒ Vanessa caschmirensis KOLLAR, [1844]. ‒ Nymphalis (Aglais) caschmirensis (KOLLAR, [1844]). 7. comma ― Vanessa Comma HARRIS, 1841. – Nymphalis (Polygonia) comma (HARRIS, 1841). 8. cyanomelas ― Vanessa Cyanomelas DOUBLEDAY, [1848]. ‒ Nymphalis (Euvanessa) cyanomelas (DOUBLEDAY , [1848]). 9. egea ― Pap.[ilio] Egea CRAMER, [1775]. – Nymphalis (Polygonia) egea (CRAMER, [1775]). 10. extensa ― Grapta c-album var. extensa LEECH, [1892]. – Nymphalis (Polygonia) extensa (LEECH, [1892]). 11. faunus ― Grapta Faunus W. H. EDWARDS, 1862. ‒ Nymphalis (Polygonia) faunus (W. H. EDWARDS, 1862). 12. g-argenteum ― Grapta G argenteum DOUBLEDAY, [1848]). ‒ Nymphalis (Polygonia) g-argenteum (DOUBLEDAY, [1848]). 13. gigantea ― Grapta gigantea LEECH, 1890. ‒ Nymphalis (Polygonia) gigantea (LEECH, 1890). 14. gongga ― Polygonia extensa gongga LANG, 2010. – Nymphalis (Polygonia) gongga LANG, 2012. (stat. nov.) 335 15. gracilis ― Grapta gracilis GROTE & ROBINSON, 1867. – Nymphalis (Polygonia) gracilis (GROTE & ROBINSON, 1867). 16. haroldii ― Grapta haroldii DEWITZ, 1877. – Nymphalis (Polygonia) haroldii (DEWITZ, 1877). 17. interposita ― Vanessa c-album var. interposita STAUDINGER, 1881. ‒ Nymphalis (Polygonia) interposita (STAUDINGER, 1881). 18. interrogationis ― P.[apilio] N. Interrogationis FABRICIUS, 1798. ‒ Nymphalis (Polygonia) interrogationis (FABRICIUS, 1798). 19. io ― Papilio Io LINNAEUS, 1758. ‒ Nymphalis (Inachis) io (LINNAEUS, 1758). 20. j-album ― Vanessa J album BOISDUVAL & LE CONTE, [1835]. ‒ Nymphalis (Roddia) j-album (BOISDUVAL & LE CONTE, [1835]). 21. l-album ― Papilio L album ESPER, [1781]. – Nymphalis (Roddia) l-album (ESPER, [1781]). 22. ladakensis ― Vanessa ladakensis MOORE, 1878. − Nymphalis (Aglais) ladakensis (MOORE, 1878). 23. milberti ― Vanessa Milberti GODART, 1819. ‒ Nymphalis (Aglais) milberti (GODART, 1819). 24. nixa ― Vanessa urticae var. nixa GRUM-GRSHIMAILO, 1890. ‒ Nymphalis (Aglais) nixa (GRUM-GRSHIMAILO, 1890). 25. oreas ― Grapta Oreas W. H. EDWARDS, 1870. ‒ Nymphalis (Polygonia) oreas (W. H. EDWARDS, 1870). 26. polychloros ― P.[apilio] Polychloros LINNAEUS, 1758. ‒ Nymphalis (Nymphalis) polychloros (LINNAEUS, 1758). 27. progne ― Pap.[ilio] Progne CRAMER, [1775]. ‒ Nymphalis (Polygonia) progne (CRAMER, [1775]). 28. rizana ― Vanessa rizana MOORE, 1872. ‒ Nymphalis (Aglais) rizana (MOORE, 1872). 29. satyrus ― Grapta Satyrus W. H. EDWARDS, 1869. – Nymphalis (Polygonia) satyrus (W. H. EDWARDS, 1869). 30. undina ― Vanessa egea var. undina GRUM-GRSHIMAÏLO, 1890. – Nymphalis (Polygonia) undina (GRUM-GRSHIMAÏLO, 1890). 31. urticae ― P.[apilio] Urticae LINNAEUS, 1758. ‒ Nymphalis (Aglais) urticae (LINNAEUS, 1758). 32. xanthomelas ― Papilio Xanthomelas ESPER, [1781]. ‒ Nymphalis (Nymphalis) xanthomelas (ESPER, [1781]).

1. antiopa ― P.[apilio] Antiopa LINNAEUS, 1758. ‒ Euvanessa antiopa (LINNAEUS, 1758). 2. c-album ― P.[apilio] C. album LINNAEUS, 1758. – Polygonia c-album (LINNAEUS, 1758). 3. c-aureum ― P.[apilio] C. aureum LINNAEUS, 1758. – Polygonia c-aureum (LINNAEUS, 1758). 4. californica ― Vanessa Californica BOISDUVAL, 1852. ‒ Nymphalis californica (BOISDUVAL, 1852). 5. canace ― P. [apilio] Canace LINNAEUS, 1763. – Kaniska canace (LINNAEUS, 1763). 6. caschmirensis ‒ Vanessa caschmirensis KOLLAR, [1844]. ‒ Aglais caschmirensis (KOLLAR, [1844]). 7. comma ― Vanessa Comma HARRIS, 1841. – Polygonia comma (HARRIS, 1841). 8. cyanomelas ― Vanessa Cyanomelas DOUBLEDAY, [1848]. ‒ Euvanessa cyanomelas (DOUBLEDAY , [1848]). 9. egea ― Pap.[ilio] Egea CRAMER, [1775]. – Polygonia egea (CRAMER, [1775]). 10. extensa ― Grapta c-album var. extensa LEECH, [1892]. – Polygonia extensa (LEECH, [1892]). 11. faunus ― Grapta Faunus W. H. EDWARDS, 1862. ‒ Polygonia faunus (W. H. EDWARDS, 1862). 12. g-argenteum ― Grapta G argenteum DOUBLEDAY, [1848]). ‒ Polygonia g-argenteum (DOUBLEDAY, [1848]). 13. gigantea ― Grapta gigantea LEECH, 1890. ‒ Polygonia gigantea (LEECH, 1890). 14. gongga ― Polygonia extensa gongga LANG, 2010. – Polygonia gongga LANG, 2012. (stat. nov.) 335 15. gracilis ― Grapta gracilis GROTE & ROBINSON, 1867. – Polygonia gracilis (GROTE & ROBINSON, 1867). 16. haroldii ― Grapta haroldii DEWITZ, 1877. – Polygonia haroldii (DEWITZ, 1877). 17. interposita ― Vanessa c-album var. interposita STAUDINGER, 1881. ‒ Polygonia interposita (STAUDINGER, 1881). 18. interrogationis ― P.[apilio] N. Interrogationis FABRICIUS, 1798. ‒ Polygonia interrogationis (FABRICIUS, 1798). 19. io ― Papilio Io LINNAEUS, 1758. ‒ Inachis io (LINNAEUS, 1758). 20. j-album ― Vanessa J album BOISDUVAL & LE CONTE, [1835]. ‒ Roddia j-album (BOISDUVAL & LE CONTE, [1835]). 21. l-album ― Papilio L album ESPER, [1781]. – Roddia l-album (ESPER, [1781]). 22. ladakensis ― Vanessa ladakensis MOORE, 1878. − Aglais ladakensis (MOORE, 1878). 23. milberti ― Vanessa Milberti GODART, 1819. ‒ Aglais milberti (GODART, 1819). 24. nixa ― Vanessa urticae var. nixa GRUM-GRSHIMAILO, 1890. ‒ Aglais nixa (GRUM-GRSHIMAILO, 1890). 25. oreas ― Grapta Oreas W. H. EDWARDS, 1870. ‒ Polygonia oreas (W. H. EDWARDS, 1870). 26. polychloros ― P.[apilio] Polychloros LINNAEUS, 1758. ‒ Nymphalis) polychloros (LINNAEUS, 1758). 27. progne ― Pap.[ilio] Progne CRAMER, [1775]. ‒ Polygonia progne (CRAMER, [1775]). 28. rizana ― Vanessa rizana MOORE, 1872. ‒ Aglais) rizana (MOORE, 1872). 29. satyrus ― Grapta Satyrus W. H. EDWARDS, 1869. – Polygonia satyrus (W. H. EDWARDS, 1869). 30. undina ― Vanessa egea var. undina GRUM-GRSHIMAÏLO, 1890. – Polygonia undina (GRUM-GRSHIMAÏLO, 1890). 31. urticae ― P.[apilio] Urticae LINNAEUS, 1758. ‒ Aglais urticae (LINNAEUS, 1758). 32. xanthomelas ― Papilio Xanthomelas ESPER, [1781]. ‒ Nymphalis xanthomelas (ESPER, [1781]).

Clade Nymphalis KLUK, [1780] sensu lato – 32 species

Genus: – Inachis HÜBNER, [1819] – 1 species

1. Inachis io (LINNAEUS, 1758)

Genus: – Aglais DALMAN, 1816 – 6 species

2. Aglais caschmirensis (KOLLAR, [1844]) 3. Aglais ladakensis (MOORE, 1878) 4. Aglais milberti (GODART, 1819) 5. Aglais nixa (GRUM-GRSHIMAILO, 1890) 6. Aglais rizana (MOORE, 1872) 7. Aglais urticae (LINNAEUS, 1758)

Genus: – Euvanessa SCUDDER, 1889 – 2 species

8. Euvanessa antiopa (LINNAEUS, 1758) 9. Euvanessa cyanomelas (DOUBLEDAY, [1849])

Genus: – Nymphalis KLUK, [1780] sensu stricto – 3 species

10. Nymphalis californica (BOISDUVAL, 1852) 11. Nymphalis polychloros (LINNAEUS, 1758) 12. Nymphalis xanthomelas (ESPER, [1781])

Genus: – Roddia KORSHUNOV, 1995 – 2 species

13. Roddia j-album (BOISDUVAL & LE CONTE, [1835]) 14. Roddia l-album (ESPER, [1781])

15. Polygonia c-album (LINNAEUS, 1758) 16. Polygonia c-aureum (LINNAEUS, 1758) 17. Polygonia comma (HARRIS, 1841) 18. Polygonia egea (CRAMER, [1775]) 19. Polygonia extensa (LEECH, [1892]) 20. Polygonia faunus (W. H. EDWARDS, 1862) 21. Polygonia g-argenteum (DOUBLEDAY, [1849]) 22. Polygonia gigantea (LEECH, 1890) 23. Polygonia] gongga LANG, 2012. 24. Polygonia gracilis (GROTE & ROBINSON, 1867) 25. Polygonia haroldii (DEWITZ, 1877) 26. Polygonia interposita (STAUDINGER, 1881) 27. Polygonia interrogationis (FABRICIUS, 1798) 28. Polygonia oreas (W. H. EDWARDS, 1869) 29. Polygonia progne (CRAMER, [1775]) 30. Polygonia satyrus (W. H. EDWARDS, 1869) 31. Polygonia undina (GRUM-GRSHIMAÏLO, 1890)

Genus: – Kaniska MOORE, [1899] – 1 species

32. (Kaniska) canace (LINNAEUS, 1763)

All species-group names, i.e. available & unavailable names are listed alphabetically. Valid species names are in bold face and flagged ‒ Valid species name.

‒a‒ adumbrata ‒ Aglais urticae ab. adumbrata RAYNOR, 1909. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. adya – Polygonia interposita adya CHURKIN, 2003. ‒ Nymphalis (Polygonia) interposita adya (CHURKIN, 2003). ‒ ssp. aesis ‒ Vanessa caschmirensis aesis FRUSTORFER, 1912. ‒ Nymphalis (Aglais) caschmirensis aesis (FRUSTORFER, 1912). ‒ ssp. agnicula – Grapta agnicula MOORE, 1872. ‒ Nymphalis (Polygonia) c-album (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS alba ‒ Aglais urticae ab. alba RAYNOR, 1909. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. alba ‒ Aglais urticae f. alba COSMOVICI, 1892. ‒ Doubtful taxon. An unavailable name. albapicata ‒ Vanessa urticae ab. albapicata CABEAU, 1925. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. albescens ‒ Polygonia egea f. albescens STAUDER, 1922. ‒ Nymphalis(Polygonia) egea (CRAMER, [1775]). ‒ JSS albidomaculata ‒ Vanessa urticae ab. albidomaculata STACH, 1922. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. albomarginata ‒ Vanessa antiopa ab. albomarginata LEMPKE, 1936. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. amploides – Vanessa urticae var. amploides REUSS, 1911. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. angelica – [Papilio] Angelica STOLL, 1872. ‒ Nymphalis(Polygonia) c-aureum (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS angustata ‒ Vanessa antiopa ab. angustata STAUDER, 1922. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. angustibalteata ‒ Aglais urticae ab. angustibalteata RAYNOR, 1909. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. anna ‒ Nymphalis xanthomelas anna KRZYWICKI, 1967. ‒ Nymphalis (Nymphalis) xanthomelas anna KRZYWICKI, 1967. ‒ ssp. antigone ‒ Vanessa io ab. antigone FISCHER, 1895? ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. antiopa ‒ Papilio Antiopa LINNAEUS, 1758. ‒ Nymphalis(Euvanessa] antiopa (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ Valid species name. arbustus – Nymphalis l-album arbustus CHURKIN & ZHDANKO, 2002. – Nymphalis (Roddia) l-album arbustus CHURKIN & ZHDANKO, 2002. ‒ ssp. arctica – Polygonia faunus race articus LEUSSLER, 1935. ‒ Nymphalis (Polygonia) faunus arctica (LEUSSLER, 1935. ‒ ssp. arcticus ‒ A mandatory Code requirement for a gender agreement, Polygonia [feminine]: articus LEUSSLER, 1935 to arctica. See arctica. argenteum – Grapta argentum DOUBLEDAY, [1849]: p. 197. ‒ Lapsus calamus for Grapta G argenteum DOUBLEDAY, [1848]: plate 26, fig. 3. artemis ‒ Vanessa antiopa ab. artemis FISCHER, 1895. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. asakurai – Polygonia asakurai n. sp. NAKAHARA, 1920. ‒ Nymphalis(Polygonia) c-album asakurai NAKAHARA, 1920. ‒ ssp. askysia ‒ Vanessa io ab. askisia BOISDUVAL, 1873. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. aureomarginata – Grapta j-album f. aureomarginata COCKERELL, 1889. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. aureum – Papilio aureum SMITH & ABBOT, 1797. Lapsus calamus of c-aureum ‒ Nymphalis(Polygonia) interrogationis (FABRICIUS, 1798). ‒ JSS autumnalis ‒ Polygonia egea f. autumnalis STEFANELLI, 1873. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. autumnalis ‒ Vanessa autumnalis CURÓ, 1874. – A nomen nudum. An unavailable name. autumnalis – Nymphalis (Vanessa)urticae ab. autumnalis HEYDEMANN, 1954. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. ‒b‒ baicalensis ‒ Vanessa urticae var. baicalensis KLEISCHMIDT, 1929. ‒ Nymphalis (Aglais) urticae baicalensis KLEISCHMIDT, 1929. ‒ ssp. balucha – Vanessa egea var. balucha EVANS, 1932. ‒ Nymphalis (Polygonia) egea (CRAMER, [1775]). ‒ JSS basiichnusa ‒ Vanessa urticae ab. basi-ichnusa REUSS, 1910. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name.

© 2013 Joseph Belicek 11 basimilberti ‒ Aglais urticae ab. basimilberti REUSS, 1910. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. basinigra ‒ Vanessa urticae ab. basi-nigra REUSS, 1910. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. basiobscura ‒ Vanessa io ab. basi-obscura REUSS, 1911. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. battakana −Vanessa battakana DE NICÉVILLE & MARTIN, 1896. – Nymphalis (Kaniska) canace battakana DE NICÉVILLE & MARTIN, 1896. ‒ ssp. belisaria ‒ Vanessa io ab. belisaria Oberthür, 1889. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. bellieri ‒ Vanessa urticae ab. bellieri CABEAU, 1923. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. betulae – V.[anessa] Betulae [FABRICIUS, 1938]. ‒ Nymphalis(Euvanessa] antiopa (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS bibla −V.[anessa] bibla [FABRICIUS, 1938]. ‒ Nymphalis(Euvanessa] antiopa (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS bimaculata ‒ Vanessa io ab. bimaculata TEMPEL, 1924. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. bimaculata ‒ Vanessa urticae [var.] ischnusa [ab.] bimaculata BUBAČEK, 1923. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. binaria ‒ Nymphalis polychloros f. binaria EISNER, 1966. ‒ Nymphalis (Nymphalis) polychloros (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS bocki – Grapta bocki ROTHSCHILD, 1894. – Nymphalis (Polygonia)gigantea (LEECH, 1890). ‒ JSS bolandii ‒ Vanessa urticae ab. bolandii LAMBILLION, 1907. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. borealis ‒ Vanessa (Euvanessa)antiopa L. borealis WNUKOWSKY, 1927. ‒ Nymphalis(Euvanessa] antiopa borealis WNUKOWSKY, 1927. ‒ ssp. brunnea ‒ Vanessa io ab. brunnea REUSS, 1911. ‒ Nymphalis (Inachis)io (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS brunneoviolacea ‒ Aglais urticae ab. brunneo-violacea RAYNOR, 1909. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. ‒c‒ c-album – Papilio C. album LINNAEUS, 1758. – Nymphalis (Polygonia) c-album (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ Valid species name. c-argenteum ‒ Grapta c-argenteum SCUDDER, 1862. ‒ c-argenteum – Vanessa (Grapta)C. argenteum W. KIRBY, 1837. – Nymphalis (Polygonia) progne (CRAMER, 1775). ‒ JSS c-aureum – Papilio C. aureum LINNAEUS, 1758. – Nymphalis (Polygonia) c-aureum (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ Valid species name. c-aureum – Papilio c-aureum SMITH & ABBOT, 1797. – Nymphalis (Polygonia) interrogationis (FABRICIUS, 1798). ‒ JH c-aureum ‒ Papilio C. aureum CRAMER, 1775. Not LINNAEUS, 1758. – Nymphalis (Polygonia) interrogationis (FABRICIUS, 1798). ‒ JSS c-extinctum − ?Polygonia c-album ab. c-extinctum GILLMER, 1907. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. cachmirensis – auct., variant spelling of caschmirensis KOLLAR, 1844. ‒ Nymphalis(AGLAIS) caschmirensis (KOLLAR, 1844). caerulapicata ‒ Aglais urticae ab. caerulapicata RAYNOR, 1906. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. calorefacta ‒ Vanessa io ab. calorefacta URECH, 1897a. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. canace – Papilio Canace LINNAEUS, 1763. – Nymphalis (Kaniska] canace (LINNAEUS, 1763). ‒ Valid species name. carbonaria – Polygonia c-album var. carbonaria VERITY, 1916. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. caschmirensis ‒ Vanessa caschmirensis KOLLAR, [1844]. ‒ Nymphalis (Aglais) caschmirensis (KOLLAR, [1844]). ‒ Valid species name. cassubiensis ‒ Vanessa polychloros f. cassubiensis HEINRICH, 1910. ‒ Nymphalis (Nymphalis) polychloros (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS castanea – Polygonia c-album castanea VERITY, 1950. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. caucasica ‒ Vanessa io (morpha)caucasica JACHONTOV, 1911. ‒ Nymphalis (Inachis) io (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS cenveray − Polygonia faunus cenveray SCOTT & KONDLA, 2006. – Nymphalis (Polygonia) faunus cenveray SCOTT & KONDLA, 2006. ‒ ssp. charonides − Vanessa canace charonides subsp. nov. STICHEL, 1908. – Nymphalis (Kaniska] canace charonides STICHEL, 1908. ‒ ssp. charonia − Papilio charonia DRURY, [1773]. – Nymphalis (Kaniska] canace (LINNAEUS, 1763). ‒ JSS chelone – Vanessa l-album aberr. chelone Schultz, 1903. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. chelys ‒ Vanessa Xanthomelas ab. Chelys MITIS, 1900. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. chinensis – Vanessa urticae var. chinensis LEECH, 1892. ‒ Nymphalis (Aglais) urticae (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS

© 2013 Joseph Belicek 12 chingana – P.[olygonia)c-album chingana KLEISCHMIDT, 1929. ‒ Nymphalis (Polygonia) c-album (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS chinganensis – Vanessa urticae var. chinganensis KLEISCHMIDT, 1929. ‒ Nymphalis (Aglais) urticae (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS chitralica – Vanessa chitralica EVANS, 1932. ‒ Nymphalis (Inachis)io (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS chlapowskia ‒ Euvanessa antiopa ab. chlapowskia WIZE, 1917. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. chosenessa ‒ Vanessa Xanthomelas (ESPER) ssp. chosenessa BRYK, 1946. ‒ Nymphalis (Nymphalis) xanthomelas (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS chrysoptera – Grapta Chrysoptera W. G. WRIGHT, 1905. ‒ Nymphalis (Polygonia)satyrus (W. H. EDWARDS, 1869). ‒ JSS cibinensis ‒ Vanessa xanthomelas var. cibinensis DANNEHL, 1925. ‒ Nymphalis (Nymphalis) xanthomelas (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS circumpunctata ‒ Vanessa urticae ab. circumpunctata CABEAU, 1926. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. clara ‒ Vanessa io ab. clara REUSS, 1911. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. claraviolacea ‒ Vanessa io ab. clara-violacea REUSS, 1910. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. clarirufa – Aglais urticae ab. clarirufa RAYNOR, 1909. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. cloqueti –Vanessa c-album ab. cloqueti CLÉMENT, 1917. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. cognata – Polygonia cognata MOORE, 1899. – Nymphalis (Polygonia) c-album (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS colorefacta ‒ Vanessa io ab. calorefacta URECH, 1897. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. comma – Vanessa Comma HARRIS, 1841. – Nymphalis (Polygonia) comma (HARRIS, 1841). ‒ Valid species name. commaalba – Papilio comma alba MILLARD, 1821. ‒ Nymphalis (Polygonia) c-album (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS concolor ‒ Nymphalis polychloros f. concolor LEMPKE, 1956. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. conjuncta ‒ Vanessa urticae ab. conjuncta NEUBURGER, 1905. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. connexa – Vanessa connexa BUTLER, [1882]. ‒ Nymphalis (Aglais) urticae connexa BUTLER, [1882]. – ssp. consentanea ‒ Vanessa urticae ab. consentanea JACHONTOV, 1906. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. contexta –Vanessa l-album contexta SCHULTZ, O. 1908. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. coreana – Polygonia c-album coreana NOMURA, 1937. – Nymphalis (Polygonia) c-album (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ ssp. coreana − Polygonia c-aureum (LINNAEUS)ssp.. coreana BRYK, 1946. – Nymphalis (Polygonia) c-aureum coreana BRYK, 1946. ‒ ssp. coreensis ‒ V.[anessa] urticae var. coreensis KLEISCHMIDT, 1929. ‒ Nymphalis (Aglais) urticae (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS corsica ‒ Vanessa io corsica ?STAUDINGER, 1871. ‒ Nymphalis (Inachis) io (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS costadivisa ‒ Aglais urticae ab. costadivisa GROENENDIJK, 1966. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. costajuncta ‒ Aglais urticae f. costajuncta LEMPKE, 1956. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. crameri – G.[rapta] Crameri SCUDDER, 1780. A new name for Papilio C. Aureum sensu CRAMER, 1775 and SMITH & ABOTT, 1797. – creta – Vanessa antiopa, L. race creta VERITY, 1916. – Nymphalis (Euvanessa] antiopa (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS cruenta ‒ Vanessa urticae ab. cruenta FRITSCH, 1913. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. cuneatiguttata ‒ Aglais urticae ab. cuneatiguttata RAYNOR, 1909. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. cyanomelas – Vanessa cyanomelas DOUBLEDAY, [1848]. ‒ Nymphalis (Euvanessa] cyanomelas (DOUBLEDAY, 1849]). ‒ Valid species name. cyonomelas ‒ Vanessa cyonomelas SEITZ, 1914. ‒ missp.elling, lapsus calamus of cyanomelas (DOUBLEDAY, [1849]). cyanosticta ‒ Vanessa io ab. cyanosticta RAYNOR, 1903. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. ‒d‒ dannenbergi ‒ Vanessa urticae ab. dannenbergi NEUBURGER, 1905. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. daubii – Vanessa antiopa var. daubii STANDFUSS, 1896. – Infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. delta-album – Polygonia c-album ab. delta-album JOSEPH, 1919. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. derennei ‒ Vanessa urticae ab. derennei CABEAU, 1922. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. dilucidus ‒ Vanessa polychloros dilucidus FRUSTORFER, 1907. ‒ Nymphalis (Nymphalis) polychloros dilucidus (FRUSTORFER, 1907). ‒ ssp.

© 2013 Joseph Belicek 13 dilutus − Polygonia c-album ab. dilutus FROHAWK, 1938. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. discolor ‒ Vanessa urticae ab. discolor RÜHL, 1895. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. dixeyi ‒ Vanessa polychloros ab. dixeyi STANDFUSS, 1896. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. dorfmeisteri ‒ Vanessa antiopa ab. dorfmeisteri FISCHER, 1902. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. drilon – Vanessa canace drilon FRUHSTORFER, 1912. – Nymphalis (Kaniska] canace drilon FRUHSTORFER, 1912. ‒ ssp. drusia ‒ Vanessa drusia VERHUEL, 1851. – A nomen nudum. An unavailable name. dryas – Grapta Dryas W. H. EDWARDS, 1870. – A nomen nudum. An unavailable name. dryas – Grapta Dryas W. H. EDWARDS, 1871. – Nymphalis (Polygonia) comma HARRIS, [1841]). ‒ JSS dyophthalmica ‒ Vanessa io ab. dyophthalmica GARBINI, 1883. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. ‒e‒ egea – Papilio egea (CRAMER, [1775]). – Nymphalis (Polygonia) egea (CRAMER, [1775]). ‒ Valid species name. elisa ‒ Vanessa urticae ab. elisa STEPHAN, 1923. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. elongana ‒ Polygonia c-album ab. elongana CABEAU, 1926. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. emma ‒ Vanessa antiopa ab. emma STEPHAN, 1923. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. epione ‒ Vanessa antiopa var. epione FISCHER, 1895. ‒ Nymphalis (Euvanessa) antiopa (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS erebina – Grapta gigantea ab. erebina OBERTHÜR, 1911. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. erythromelas ‒ Vanessa polychloros var. erythromelas AUSTAUT, 1885. ‒ Nymphalis (Nymphalis) polychloros erythromelas AUSTAUT, 1885. ‒ ssp. erythrophaea ‒ Vanessa urticae ab. erythrophaea FRITSCH, 1913. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. esakii ‒ Aglais ulticae[sic] esakii KUROSAWA & FUJIOKA, 1975. ‒ Nymphalis (Aglais)urticae (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS escheri ‒ Vanessa antiopa f. escheri GRAMANN, 1920. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. eximia ‒ Vanessa urticae eximia SHELJUZHKO, 1919. ‒ Nymphalis (Aglais) urticae (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS exmaculata ‒ Vanessa io ab. exmaculata REUSS, 1911. ‒ An infrasubspecefic. An unavailable name. exoculata ‒ Vanessa io ab. exoculata WEYMER, 1878. ‒ An INfrasubspecefic. An unavailable name. expansa ‒ Aglais urticae ab. expansa GROENENDIJK, 1966. ‒ An infrasubspecefic. An unavailable name. extensa – Grapta c-album var. extensa LEECH, [1892]. – Nymphalis (Polygonia) extensa (LEECH, [1892]). ‒ Valid species name. extincta – Polygonia c-album ab. extincta REBEL, 1923. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. extrema ‒ Vanessa io ab. extrema FISCHER, E. 1898. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. extrema ‒ Vanessa polychloros f. extrema GÖNNER, 1928. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. extrema – Vanessa urticae ab. extrema SCHÖNFELDER, 1925. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. ‒f‒ f-album – Papilio F album FABRICIUS, 1793. – f-album ‒ Papilio F-album OCHSENHEIMER, 1805. ‒ f-album 34– Papilio F album ESPER, 1783. – Nymphalis (Polygonia) c-album (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS fabricii – G.[rapta] Fabricii W. H. Edwards, 1870. – Nymphalis (Polygonia) interrogationis (FABRICIUS, 1798). ‒ JSS falcoides – Vanessa urticae var. falcoides REUSS, 1911. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. fasciata ‒ Vanessa urticae ab. fasciata MASLOWSCY, 1923. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. fasciata ‒ Vanessa urticae ab. fasciata REUSS, 1909. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. faunus – Grapta Faunus W. H. EDWARDS, 1862. ‒ Nymphalis (Polygonia) faunus W. H. EDWARDS, 1862. ‒ Valid species name. fentoni 16– Vanessa fentoni, n. sp. BUTLER, 1878. = hamigera BUTLER, 1877 ‒ Nymphalis (Polygonia)c-album (LINNAEUS, 1758)‒ JSS fervescens ‒ fervescens Stichel, 1908. ‒ Nymphalis (Inachis)io (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS

© 2013 Joseph Belicek 14 fervida ‒ Vanessa polychloros fervida var. STAUDINGER, 1871?. ‒ Nymphalis (Nymphalis)polychloros (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS fervida – Vanessa urticae ab. fervida Fritsch, m.[ihi] 1913. ‒ An INfrasubspecefic. An unavailable name. fidelis ‒ Aglais urticae fidelis GÓMEZ-BUSTILLO & F. FERNÁNDEZ, 1974. ‒ A nomen nudum. An unavailable name. fischeri ‒ Vanessa io L. ab. fischeri STANDFUSS, 1892. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. flacilla ‒ Vanessa flacilla GRAY, G. 1846. ‒ A nomen nudum. An unavailable name. flavofasciata ‒ Vanessa urticae ab. flavofasciata DEBAUCHE, 1929. ‒ An INfrasubspecefic. An unavailable name. flavomaculata ‒ Vanessa antiopa ab. flavomaculata MASLOWSCY, 1923. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. flavomaculata ‒ Vanessa polychloros f. flavomaculata LEMPKE, 1956. ‒ An INfrasubspecefic. An unavailable name. flavotessellata ‒ Aglais urticae ab. flavotessellata RAYNOR, 1909. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. formosana − Vanessa xanthomelas formosana n. sp. MATSUMURA, 1925. ‒ Nymphalis (Nymphalis) xanthomelas (ESPER, [1781]. ‒ JSS fulva ‒ Vanessa io var. fulva nov. var. OUDEMANS, 1905. ‒ Nymphalis (Inachis) io (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS fulva – Aglais urticae ab. fulva RAYNOR, 1909. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. fulvescens – Polygonia faunus fulvescens EMMEL, EMMEL & MATOON, 1998. ‒ Nymphalis (Polygonia) faunus fulvescens (EMMEL, EMMEL & MATOON, 1998). ‒ ssp. fulvomarginata – Aglais urticae ab. fulvomarginata RAYNOR, 1909. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. furcillata ‒ Vanessa Furcillata SAY, 1825. ‒ Nymphalis (Aglais) milberti (GODART, 1819). ‒ JSS ‒g‒ g-album – P.[apilio] G album FOURCROY, 1785. ‒ Nymphalis (Polygonia) c-album (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS g-album − Polygonia c-album ab. g-album TUTT, 1896. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. g-album – Polygonia c-album ab. g-album GILLMER, 1907. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. g-argenteum – Grapta G argenteum DOUBLEDAY, [1848]). ‒ Nymphalis (Polygonia) g-argenteum (DOUBLEDAY, 1848]). – Valid species name galiae ‒ Vanessa urticae galliae VERITY (193?). ‒ A nomen nudum. An unavailable name. geisha ‒ Vanessa io geisha STICHEL, 1908. ‒ Nymphalis (Inachis) io (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ SSP. gigantea – Grapta gigantea LEECH, 1890. ‒ Nymphalis (Polygonia) gigantea (LEECH, 1890. – Valid species name. glauconia − Vanessa glauconia MOTSCHULSKY, 1860. – Nymphalis (Kaniska) canace (LINNAEUS, 1763). ‒ JSS gongga − Polygonia extensa gongga LANG, 2010 in LANG et al., 2010. – Nymphalis (Polygonia) gongga LANG, 2012. (stat. nov.) – Valid species name. gracilis – Grapta gracilis GROTE & ROBINSON, 1867. – Nymphalis (Polygonia)gracilis (GROTE & ROBINSON, 1867). – Valid species name. grandis ‒ Vanessa antiopa var.♀ grandis EHRMANN, 1900. ‒ An INdividual variant. An unavailable name. griseocellata ‒ Nymphalis io f. griseocellata LEMPKE, 1956. ‒ An INfrasubspecefic. An unavailable name. griseomarginata ‒ Aglais urticae ab. griseomarginata RAYNOR, 1909. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. grisescens ‒ Nymphalis antiopa f. grisescens VAN OORSCHOT, 1966. ‒ Nymphalis (Euvanessa) antiopa (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS grogne ‒ Papilio grogne FABRICIUS, 1777. A mispelling of progne (CRAMER, [1775]). Cited by FABRICIUS Mant. II. 1787, p. 50. grueti – Vanessa urticae ab. grueti CORSELLE, 1882. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. grutzneri ‒ Vanessa xanthomelas var. grützneri FISCHER, 1902. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. Experimental aberration. An unavailable name. guhni ‒ Vanessa urticae var. guhni TSCHAUNER, 1926. ‒ Nymphalis (Aglais) urticae (LINNAEUS, 1758)‒ JSS ‒h‒ hackrayi ‒ Vanessa io ab. hackrayi CABEAU, 1925. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. hamigera – Vanessa hamigera, n. sp. BUTLER, 1877. – Nymphalis (Polygonia) c-album (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS haroldi: auctorum – an unjustified emendation of haroldii (DEWITZ, 1877). haroldii – Grapta haroldii DEWITZ, 1877. – Nymphalis (Polygonia) haroldii (DEWITZ, 1877). – Valid species name. haronica − Vanessa haronica MOORE, 1879. – Nymphalis (Kaniska) canace haronica MOORE, 1879. ‒ ssp.

© 2013 Joseph Belicek 15 harrisii – [Grapta] comma var. Harrisii W. H. EDWARDS, 1873. ‒ An individual variant. An unavailable name. hazara ‒ Nymphalis xanthomelas hazara WYATT & OMOTO, 1966. ‒ Nymphalis (Nymphalis) xanthomelas ESPER, 1781). ‒ JSS heppei − Vanessa antiopa ab. heppei STANDFUSS, 1895. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. herri ‒ Nymphalis californica new race herri FIELD, 1936. ‒ Nymphalis (Nymphalis) californica herri FIELD, 1936. ‒ ssp. herrmanni ‒ Vanessa urticae ab. herrmanni HERRMANN, 1901. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. himalaya – Vanessa himalaya EVANS, 1924. ‒ Nymphalis (Kaniska) canace himalaya (EVANS, 1924). ‒ ssp. hippolita ‒ [Vanessa antiopa] ab. hippolita LYMAN, 1898. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. hippolyta ‒ [Vanessa antiopa] ab. hippolita LYMAN, 1898. Variant spelling. hokkaidensis – Polygonia c-album hamigera hokkaidensis NOMURA, 1937. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. hollandi – Polygonia satyrus marsyas nov. tr. f. hollandi GUNDER, 1927. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. humuli ‒ Vanessa humuli FABRICIUS, 1938. ‒ Nymphalis (Aglais) urticae (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS hutchinsonii – Vanena[sic] c-album f. hutchinsonii ROBSON, [1881]. – Nymphalis (Polygonia) c-album (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS hygiaea ‒ Vanessa [antiopa] ab. hygiaea HEYDENREICH, 1851. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. hygiaea ‒ Vanessa antiopa v.[ar] hygiea HEYDENREICH, 1846. ‒ A nomen nudum. An unavailable name. hygiaea – Euvanessa antiopa (a) hygiaea DYAR, 1902. ‒ ??? hylas – Grapta Hylas W. H. EDWARDS, 1872. ‒ Nymphalis (Polygonia) faunus (W. H. EDWARDS, 1862). ‒ JSS hyperborea ‒ Vanessa antiopa form nov. hyperborea SEITZ, 1914. ‒ Nymphalis (Euvanessa] antiopa hyperborea SEITZ, 1914. ‒ ssp. ‒i‒ i-album – P.[apilio] I album ESPER, 1793. ‒ Nymphalis (Polygonia) egea (CRAMER, 1775). ‒ JSS i-album – Polygonia c-album ab. i-album MASLOWSCY, 1923. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. ichnusa ‒ Papilio ichnusa HÜBNER, [1824]. ‒ Nymphalis (Aglais) urticae ichnusa (HÜBNER, [1824]). ‒ ssp. ichnusa ‒ Vanessa ichnusa BONELLI, 1826. ‒ Nymphalis (Aglais) urticae ichnusa (HÜBNER, [1824]). ‒ JH ‒ ssp. ichnusioides ‒ Vanessa urticae ab. ichnusoïdess SÉLYS-LONGCHAMPS, 1837. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. ignea ‒ Aglais urticae ab. ignea RAYNOR, 1909. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. igneaformis ‒ Vanessa urticae ab. igneaformis REUSS, 1910. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. implumis ‒ An inachis io ab. implumis WATKINS, 1942. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. impuncta ‒ Vanessa urticae ab. impuncta LEMPKE, 1931. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. infraradiata ‒ Aglais urticae ab. infraradiata RAYNOR, 1909. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. infuscata ‒ Aglais urticae ab. infuscata RAYNOR, 1909. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. inica – Vanessa inica EVANS, 1932. ‒ Nymphalis (Polygonia) egea (CRAMER, 1775). ‒ JSS intermedia ‒ Euvanessa antiopa ab. intermedia MEZGER, 1934. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. interposita – Vanessa c-album var. interposita STAUDINGER, 1881. ‒ Nymphalis (Polygonia) interposita (STAUDINGER, 1881). ‒ Valid species name. interrogationis – P.[apilio] Interrogationis FABRICIUS, 1798. ‒ Nymphalis (Polygonia) interrogationis (FABRICIUS, 1798). ‒ Valid species name. io ‒ P.[apilio] Io LINNAEUS, 1758. ‒ Nymphalis (Inachis) io (LINNAEUS, 1758)). ‒ Valid species name. ioformis ‒ Vanessa urticae ab. ioformis REUSS, 1909. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. ioides ‒ Ioides Ochsenheimer, 1805. ? nomen nudum ? ‒ Nymphalis (Inachis) io (Linnaeus, 1758). ‒ JSS ioides ‒ Pap.[ilio] io var.[forma minor] Ioides OCHSENHEIMER, 1807:109. ‒ Nymphalis (Inachis) io (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS ioprotoformis ‒ Vanessa urticae ab. ioprotoformis REUSS, 1909. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. iota-album – Polygonia c-album ab. iota-album NEWHAM, 1894. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. irenea ‒ Vanessa io ab. irenea PRÜFFER, 1921. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name.

© 2013 Joseph Belicek 16 ishima − Vanessa canace ishima FRUHSTORFER, 1899. – Nymphalis (Kaniska] canace ishima (FRUHSTORFER, 1899). ‒ ssp. ‒j‒ j-album – Polygonia c-album ab. j-album GILLMER, 1907. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. j-album – Vanessa J album BOISDUVAL & LE CONTE, [1835]. ‒ Nymphalis (Roddia) j-album (BOISDUVAL & LE CONTE, [1835]). ‒ Valid species name. j-album − Papilio egea ab. j-album ESPER, 177?. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. j-album − Polygonia c-album j.album BANDERMANN. 1907. ‒ Nymphalis (Polygonia)c-album (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS japonica ‒ Vanessa xanthomelas japonica STICHEL, 1908. ‒ Nymphalis (Nymphalis) xanthomelas japonica (STICHEL, 1908). ‒ ssp. javanica − Vanessa canace javanica FRUHSTORFER, 1912. ‒ Nymphalis (Kaniska) canace javanica (FRUHSTORFER, 1912.)‒ ssp. jessoensis ‒ Vanessa urticae var. jessoensis WEISMANN, 1895. ‒ Nymphalis (Aglais) connexa (BUTLER, A 1882). ‒ JSS jezoensis – Vanessa xanthomelas jezoensis MATSUMURA, 1925. ‒ Nymphalis (Nymphalis) xanthomelas (ESPER, [1781]). ‒ JSS jo – Nymphales jo PODA, 1761. = io LINNAEUS, 1758. – ISS jocaste ‒ Vanessa io ab. jocaste auctorum. ‒ An INcorrect subsequent spelling of jokaste URECH, 1897. jokaste ‒ Vanessa io ab. jokaste URECH, 1897. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. jotaalbum − c-album aberr. jota album NEWMAN, 185? ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. ‒k‒ kaiensis ‒ Vanessa urticae connexa ab. kaiensis KANDA & FIJIMORI, 1931. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. kansuensis ‒ Vanessa urticae race kansuensis KLEINSCHMIDT, 1927. ‒ Nymphalis (Aglais) kansuensis (KLEINSCHMIDT, 1927). ‒ ssp. karaganica – Aglais karaganica NEKRUTENKO, 1965. ‒ fossil kashmira – Vanessa c-album kashmira EVANS, 1932. ‒ Nymphalis (Polygonia) c-album (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS koentzei – Polygonia l-album ab. koentzeyi DIOSZEGHY, 1913. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. kollina – Papilio kollina MEERBURGH, 1775. – Nymphalis (Kaniska) canace (LINNAEUS, 1763). ‒ JSS kultukensis – Polygonia c-album kultukensis KLEINSCHMIDT, 1929. ‒ Nymphalis (Polygonia) c-album kultukensis (KLEINSCHMIDT, 1929). ‒ ssp. ‒l‒ l-album – Papilio L album ESPER, [1781]. – Nymphalis (Roddia) l-album (ESPER, [1781]). ‒ Valid Species name. l-album ‒ L album GODART, 1819. ‒ Nymphalis (Polygonia) egea (CRAMER, 1775). ‒ JH and JSS l-album ‒ Papilio L album ESPER, [1789]. ‒ l-album – Papilio L album HÜBNER, [1824]. ‒ Nymphalis (Polygonia) egea (CRAMER, 1775). ‒ JH and JSS l-argenteum ‒ [Polygonia Progne] [form] l-argenteum SCUDDER, 1875. ‒ A nomen nudum. An unavailable name. l-extincta – Polygonia egea l-extincta VERITY, 1950. ‒ Nymphalis (Polygonia) egea (CRAMER, 1775). ‒ JSS lacteus ‒ Vanessa io ab. lacteus BANDEMANN, 1935. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. ladakensis ‒ Vanessa ladakensis MOORE, 1878. − Nymphalis (Aglais) ladakensis (MOORE, 1878). ‒ Valid species name. largomarginata – Aglais urticae ab. largomarginata GROENENDIJK, 1966. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. latericolor ‒ Aglais urticae ab. latericolor RAYNOR, 1909. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. latibalteata ‒ Aglais urticae ab. latibalteata RAYNOR, 1909. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. leodiensis ‒ Vanessa urticae ab. leodiensis CABEAU, 1927. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. lintneri ‒ Vanessa litnerii n. sp. FITCH, 1856. ‒ Nymphalis (Euvanessa) antiopa lintnerii (FITCH, 1857). ‒ ssp. longipuncta ‒ Vanessa polychloros f. longipuncta LEMPKE, 1956. ‒ An infrasubspecefic taxon. An unavailable name. longomaculata ‒ Nymphalis antiopa f. longomaculata LEMPKE, 1956. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. lucia ‒ Vanessa urticae ab. lucia DERENNE, 1926. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. lucida ‒ Vanessa polychloros lucida FRUHSTORFER, 1907. ‒ Nymphalis (Nymphalis) polychloros (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS

© 2013 Joseph Belicek 17 lucida ‒ Vanessa urticae ab. lucida FRITSCH, 1913. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. lucidocellata – Vanessa io ab. lucidocellata REUSS, 1911. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. luna ‒ Vanessa urticae ab. luna REUSS, 1909. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. lunulata – Polygonia c-aureum lunulata ESAKI & NAKAHARA, 1924. ‒ Nymphalis (Polygonia) c-aureum (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS luridocellata ‒ Vanessa io ab. luridocellata REUSS, 1911. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. lutea ‒ Aglais urticae ab. lutea RAYNOR, 1909. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. luteomarginata ‒Vanessa urticae ab. luteomarginata LAMBILLION, 1906. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. lutescens – Vanessa c-album var. lutescens HARCOURT-BATH, 1896. ‒ Nymphalis (Polygonia) c-album (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS lydiae ‒ Vanessa urticae ab. lydiae DUBLITZKY, 1925. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. ‒m‒ maculomissa ‒ Vanessa urticae ab. maculomissa GOODSON, 1959. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. magniguttata ‒ Aglais urticae ab. magniguttata RAYNOR, 1909. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. magnilunulata ‒ Aglais urticae ab. magnilunulata RAYNOR, 1909. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. magnimaculata ‒ Vanessa urticae ab. magnimaculata REUSS, 1911. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. magnimaculata-obscura ‒ Vanessa io ab. magnimaculata-obscura REUSS, 1911. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. magninotata ‒ Aglais urticae ab. magninotata RAYNOR, 1909. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. magnipuncta ‒ Nymphalis polychloros f. magnipuncta nov. LEMPKE, 1956. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. maier – Antiopa var. maier, [ESPER, 1777]. ‒ Caption for Fig. 2. for major ESPER, 1777 reads maier (original misspelling). ‒ IOS maior ‒ maior GÖNNER, 1927. ‒ misspelling of major, maier ESPER, 1777. ‒ ISS major – P.[apilio] antiopa var. major ESPER, 1777. ‒ Nymphalis (Euvanessa) antiopa (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS manchurica – Polygonia c-album f. manchurica MATSUMURA, 1939. ‒ Nymphalis (Polygonia) c-album (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS mandarina − Vanessa canace f. mandarina MATSUMURA, 1939. – Nymphalis (Kaniska) canace (LINNAEUS, 1763). ‒ JSS mandschurensis ‒ Vanessa urticae coreensis mandschurensis KLEINSCHMIDT, 1929. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. maniliana − Vanessa canace maniliana FRUHSTORFER, 1912. – Nymphalis (Kaniska) canace maniliana (FRUHSTORFER, 1912)). ‒ ssp. marginalis ‒ Vanessa io ab. marginalis REUSS, 1911. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. marginimaculata-obscura ‒ Vanessa io ab. marginimaculata-obscura REUSS, 1911. ‒ Nymphalis (Inachis) io (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS marsyas – Grapta marsyas W. H. EDWARDS, 1870. Misidentification. ‒ Nymphalis (Polygonia) c-album (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS martinae – Polygonia progne nov. ab. martinae COLEMAN, 1919 . ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. meilhani ‒ Vanessa io ab. meilhani FRÉMONT, 1926. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. melanosticta – Grapta c-album f. melanosticta STEPHENS, 1850. ‒Nymphalis (Polygonia) c-album (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS melbirti ‒ melbirti W. H. EDWARDS, 1872 misspelling of milberti (GODART, 1819). ‒ MI mesoides ‒ Vanessa io ab. mesoides REUSS, 1911. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. mesoides-brunnea ‒ Vanessa io ab. mesoides-brunnea REUSS, 1911. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. mesoides-clara ‒ Vanessa io ab. mesoides-clara REUSS, 1911. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. mesoides-lucidocellata ‒ Vanessa io ab. mesoides-lucidocellata REUSS, 1911 – Infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. mesoidesparvimaculata ‒ Vanessa io ab. mesoides-parvimaculata REUSS, 1911. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. mesoides-sibirica ‒ Vanessa io ab. mesoides-sibirica REUSS, 1922. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. mesoides-splendens ‒ Vanessa io ab. mesoides-splendens REUSS, 1911. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. mesoides-viridiocellata ‒ Vanessa io ab. mesoides-viridiocellata REUSS, 1911. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. milberti ‒ Vanessa Milberti GODART, 1819. ‒ Nymphalis (Aglais) milberti (GODART, 1819). ‒ Valid Species name.

© 2013 Joseph Belicek 18 milbertii ‒ Nymphalis milbertii; W. H. EDWARDS, 1884. ‒ variant spelling of milberti GODART, 1819. ‒ ISS minima ‒ Vanessa minima SLEVOGT, 1900. ‒ A nomen nudum. An unavailable name. monographa ‒ Vanessa urticae ab. monographa CABEAU, 1922. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. morio – [no. 772] Papilio [vernacular name] morio LINNAEUS, 1746. Pre 1758 name. An unavailable name. morio – P.[apilio] Morio RETZIUS, 1783. ‒ A nomen nudum. An unavailable name. morio – Papilio morio HUFNAGEL, 1766. ‒ A nomen nudum. An unavailable name. mureisana – Polygonia l-album f. mureisana MATSUMURA, 1939. – Nymphalis (Roddia) l-album (ESPER, [1781]). ‒ JSS muscosa − Kaniska canace muscosa TSUKADA & NISHIYAMA, 1979. – Nymphalis (Kaniska) canace muscosa TSUKADA & NISHIYAMA, 1979. ‒ ssp. ‒n‒ nakaharai – Polygonia c-album f. nakaharai NOMURA, 1937. ‒ Nymphalis (Polygonia) c-album asakurai NAKAHARA, 1920. ‒ ssp. nakayamai ‒ Vanessa xanthomelas japonica ab. nakayamai HASHIMOTO, 1940. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. nana ‒ Vanessa antiopa ab. nana STEPHAN, 1923. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. narses ‒ Vanessa io var. narses SCHULTZ, 1899. ‒ Nymphalis (Inachis) io (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS nekkana ‒ Vanessa urticae nekkana KISHIDA & Y. NAKAMURA, 1934. ‒ Nymphalis (Aglais) urticae (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS neole − Polygonia ?c-album ab. neole OLIVER, 1937. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. neomarsyas – Polygonia satyrus neomarsyas DOS PASSOS, 1969. ‒ Nymphalis (Polygonia) satyrus neomarsyas DOS PASSOS, 1969. ‒ ssp. neurodes ‒ Vanessa urticae ab. neurodes CABEAU, 1922. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. nigra – Aglais urticae ab. nigra TUTT, 1896. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. nigricans ‒ Vanessa io ab. nigricans FISCHER, E 1897. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. nigricaria ‒ Aglais urticae ab. nigricaria DE MOFFARTE, 1895. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. nigricaria ‒ Vanessa urticae ab. nigricaria HAVERKAMPF, 1904. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. nigricastanea – Polygonia c-album ab. nigricastanea VERITY, 1950. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. nigricostata ‒ Aglais urticae ab. nigricostata RAYNOR, 1909. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. nigridorsata ‒ Aglais urticae ab. nigridorsata RAYNOR, 1909. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. nigrifasciata ‒ Aglais urticae ab. nigrifasciata REUSS, 1911. ‒ Nymphalis (Inachis) io (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS nigrimarginata ‒ Aglais urticae f. nigrimarginata LEMPKE, 1956. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. nigriocellata ‒ Aglais io ab. nigriocellata REUSS, 1911. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. nigrita ‒ Vanessa urtice nigrita FICKERT, 1897. ? ‒ Nymphalis (Aglais) urticae (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS nigroflava – Vanessa polychloros ab. nigroflava BIEZANKO, 1924. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. nigrolimbata ‒ nigrolimbata Verity, 1950. ‒ Nymphalis (Inachis) io (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS nigrolunaria – Polygonia c-album ab. nigrolunaria NITSCHE, 1912. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. nigromaculata ‒ Vanessa io nigromaculata KLEINSCHMIDT, 1929. ‒ Nymphalis (Inachis) io (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS nigromaculata – Vanessa io ab. nigromaculata METSCHL, 1923. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. nigrozephyrus ‒ Polygonia progne nigrozeohyrus SCOTT, 1984. ‒ Nymphalis (Polygonia) oreas nigrozephyrus SCOTT, 1984. ‒ ssp. nixa ‒ Vanessa urticae var. nixa GRUM-GRSHIMAILO, 1890. ‒ Nymphalis (Aglais) nixa (GRUM-GRSHIMAILO, 1890). ‒ Valid species name. nubilata ‒ Nymphalis polychloros f. nubilata LEMPKE, 1956. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. o-album – Polygonia c-album ab. o-album TUTT, 1896. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. obscura ‒ Polygonia c-album ab. obscura CLOSS, 1916. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. obscura ‒ Vanessa antiopa f. obscura GÖNNER, 1928. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. obscura ‒ Vanessa antiopa var. obscura COCKERELL, 1890. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name.

© 2013 Joseph Belicek 19 obscura – Aglais urticae ab. obscura RAYNOR, 1909. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. obscura – Polygonia c-album f. obscura HANNEMANN, 1915. ‒ Nymphalis (Polygonia) c-album (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS obtusa ‒ Vanessa urticae obtusa BANG-HAAS, 1927. ‒ Nymphalis (Aglais) urticae (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS ochraceoguttata ‒ Vanessa antiopa ab. ochraceoguttata HEPP, 1937. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. ochrea ‒ Aglais urticae ochrea DEBAUCHE, 1933. ‒ Nymphalis (Aglais) urticae (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS oligoio ‒ An inachis io ab. oligoio REUSS, 1939. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. opima ‒ Aglais urticae race opima VERITY, 1919. ‒ Nymphalis (Aglais) urticae (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS oplentia − Kaniska canace oplentia TSUKADA, 1985. – Nymphalis (Kaniska) canace oplentia TSUKADA, 1985. ‒ ssp. oreas – Grapta oreas W. H. EDWARDS, 1870. ‒ Nymphalis (Polygonia) oreas (W. H. EDWARDS, 1870). ‒ Valid species name. oreas − Kaniska canace oreas TSUKADA, 1985. – Nymphalis (Kaniska) canace oreas TSUKADA, 1985. ‒ SSP.. orichalcea‒ Vanessa polychloros ab. orichalcea BOIS-REYMOND, 1931. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. orpheus – Polygonia hylas n. form orpheus CROSS, 1936. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. osborni – Vanessa urticae L., ab. Osborni DONCKIER DE DOUCEL, 1881. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. ‒p‒ pallens ‒ Vanessa io f. pallens KNOCH, 1927. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. pallida ‒ Polygonia c-album ab. pallida TUTT, 1896. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. pallida ‒ Vanessa io ab. pallida TUTT, 1896. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. pallida – Aglais urticae ab. pallida FROHAWK, 1938. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. pallida – Vanessa egea ab. pallida Evans, 1932. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. pallida – Vanessa polychloros ab. pallida TUTT, 1896. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. pallidior – Polygonia c-album ab. pallidior TUTT, 1896. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. parviguttata – Aglais urticae ab. parviguttata RAYNOR, 1909. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. parvilunulata ‒ Aglais urticae ab. parvilunulata RAYNOR, 1909. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. parvimaculata ‒ Vanessa io ab. parvimaculata REUSS, 1911. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. parvinotata ‒ Aglais urticae ab. parvinotata RAYNOR, 1909. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. parvipuncta ‒ Aglais urticae ab. parvipuncta RAYNOR, 1909. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. parvipuncta ‒ Nymphalis polychloros f. parvipuncta LEMPKE, 1956. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. parvoguttata ‒ Aglais urticae ab. parvoguttata RAYNOR, 1909. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. pavo ‒ Vanessa io ab. pavo STICHEL, 1902. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. perakana − Vanessa perakana DISTANT, 1886. – Nymphalis (Kaniska) canace perakana (DISTANT, 1886). ‒ ssp. persicae − Vanessa io f. persicae KLEINSCHMIDT, 1918. ‒ Nymphalis (Inachis) io (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS pictior − Polygonia c-album pictior VERITY, 1919. ‒ Nymphalis (Polygonia) c-album (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS pluripuncta – Vanessa polychloros ab. pluripuncta HEINRICH, 1916. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. pocahontas ‒ [Eugonia j-album] = Vanessa pocahontas Harr., manuscript SCUDDER, 1889. ‒ NN, A nomen nudum. An unavailable name. polaris ‒ Vanessa urticae var. polaris STAUDINGER, 1861. ‒ Nymphalis (Aglais) urticae (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS polychlorides ‒ Aglais urticae ab. polychloroides RAYNOR, 1909. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. polychloros ‒ P.[apilio] Polychloros LINNAEUS, 1758. ‒ Nymphalis (Nymphalis) polychloros (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒Valid species name. polychloros – [Papilio] Polychloros STOLL, 1782 in CRAMER, 1782. Plate 389, C, D. (missidentification). Not LINNAEUS, 1758. ‒ JH, JSS ‒ Nymphalis (Roddia) l-album (ESPER, [1781]). ‒ JSS polychloros ‒ [Papilo polychloros] CRAMER, 1775; Plate 330, C, D. Not LINNAEUS, 1758. – Nymphalis (Roddia) l-album (ESPER, [1781]). ‒ JH, MI

© 2013 Joseph Belicek 20 pompadour ‒ Papilio pompadour POLLICH, 1779. ‒ Nymphalis (Nymphalis) antiopa (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS postnigrescens ‒ Vanessa polychloros f. postnigrescens LEMPKE, 1956. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. prochnovi – Vanessa io ab. prochnovi PRONIN, 1928. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. progne – Papilio progne CRAMER, [1775]. ‒ Nymphalis (Polygonia) progne (CRAMER, [1775]). ‒ Valid species name. pryeri – Vanessa c-aureum pryeri JANSON, 1878. ‒ Nymphalis (Polygonia) c-aureum (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS pseudichnusa – Aglais urticae ssp.. pseudichnusa REUSS, 1939. ‒ Nymphalis (Aglais) urticae (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS pseudoconnexa ‒ Vanessa urticae ab. pseudoconnexa CABEAU, 1927. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. pseudoichnusa ‒ Aglais urticae ab. pseudichnusa REUSS, 1939. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. pseudoichnusa – Aglais urticae f. pseudoichnusa DE SAGARRA, 1930. ‒ Nymphalis (Aglais) urticae (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS pseudopolaris ‒ Vanessa pseudopolaris ROWLEY, 1939. A nomen nudum. An unavailable name. pseudoturcica ‒ Vanessa urticae ab. pseudo-turcica m. FRITSCH, 1913. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. pullum ‒ Nymphalis milberti pullum AUSTIN, 1998. ‒ Nymphalis (Aglais) milberti pullum AUSTIN, 1998. ‒ ssp. punctata ‒ Vanessa polychloros ab. punctata BOIS-REYMOND, 1931. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. punctijuncta ‒ Aglais urticae ab. punctijuncta RAYNOR, 1909. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. pusilla – Polygonia c-album pusilla STICHEL, 1908. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. pussilla – Vanessa antiopa ab. pussilla STRAND, 1901. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. pygmaea ‒ Vanessa urticae ab. pygmaea RÜHL, 1896. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. pyromelas ‒ Vanessa pyromelas FREYER, [1834]. – Nymphalis (Nymphalis) polychloros (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS pyromelas − Vanessa pyromelas ZSCHORN, 1830. – Nymphalis (Nymphalis) polychloros (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS pyrrhomelaena ‒ Papilio pyrrhomelaena HÜBNER, [1824]. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. ‒q‒ quadripuncta – Aglais urticae ab. quadripuncta PEEDERMAN, 1962. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. quinquepunctata ‒ Nymphalis polychloros ab. quinquepunctata RAYNOR, 1906. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. ‒r‒ radiata ‒ Aglais urticae ab. radiata RAYNOR, 1909. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. reichenstettensis – Vanessa urticae ab. reichenstettensis FETTIG, 1893. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. reichenstettensis – Grapta c-album ab. reichenstettensis RÜHL, 1896. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. reichstettensis ‒ Grapta c-album reichstettensis SPULER, 1898. ‒ A nomen nudum. An unavailable name. repetita – Vanessa xanthomelaena(sic!) ab. repetita JACHONTOV, 1905. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. rizana ‒ Vanessa rizana MOORE, 1872. ‒ Nymphalis (Aglais) rizana (MOORE, 1872). ‒ Valid species name. roederi – Vanessa antiopa (var.) roederi STANDFUSS, 1896. ‒ An infrasubspecific, experimental. An unavailable name. rosacea ‒ Vanessa urticae f. rosacea HANNEMANN, 1915. ‒ Nymphalis (Aglais) urticae (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS rothkei ‒ Aglais milberti tr. f. rothkei GUNDER, 1927. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. rubochrea ‒ Aglais urticae ab. rubrochrea RAYNOR, 1909. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. rubrocarens ‒ Vanessa io f./ab. rubrocarens BROUWER, 1942. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. rusticus – Grapta rusticus W. H. EDWARDS, 1874. – Nymphalis (Polygonia) faunus rusticus (W. H. EDWARDS, 1874). ‒ ssp. ‒s‒ sachalinensis ‒ Polygonia sachalinensis MATSUMURA, 1915. ‒ Nymphalis (Polygonia) c-album (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS sachalinensis – Vanessa xanthomelas sachalinensis MATSUMURA, 1925. ‒ Nymphalis (Nymphalis) xanthomelas (ESPER, [1781]). ‒ JSS sagitta-album − Polygonia c-album ab. sagitta-album FROHAWK, 1938. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name.

© 2013 Joseph Belicek 21 salmonicolor ‒ Aglais urticae ab. salmonicolor RAYNOR, 1906. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. samurai – Nymphalis l-album samurai FRUHSTORFER, 1907. – Nymphalis (Roddia) l-album samurai FRUHSTORFER, 1907. ‒ ssp. sardoa ‒ Vanessa io var. sardoa STAUDINGER, 1871. ‒ Nymphalis (Inachis) io (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS satellow – Polygonia oreas satellow SCOTT, 2006. – Nymphalis (Polygonia) oreas satellow SCOTT, 2006. ‒ ssp. satyrus – Grapta Satyrus W. H. EDWARDS, 1869. – Nymphalis (Polygonia) satyrus (W. H. EDWARDS, 1869). ‒ Valid species name. schreineri ‒ Vanessa io ab. schreineri PEYERIMHOFF, 1862. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. selysi ‒ Vanessa urticae L., ab. Selysi DONCKIER DE DOUCEEL, 1881. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. semialba ‒ Aglais urticae ab. semi-alba FROHAWK, 1938. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. semiichnusoides ‒ Vanessa urticae ab. semiichnusoides PRONIN, 1928. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. seminigra ‒ Aglais urticae ab. semi-nigra BIRCH, 1944. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. seminigra ‒ Aglais urticae ab. semi-nigra FROHAWK , 1938. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. semiocellata ‒ Vanessa io ab. semi-ocellata FROHAWK, 1938. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. semi-polaris ‒ Aglais urticae ab. semi-polaris BIRCH, 1944. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. seoki – Polygonia c-album f. seoki NOMURA, 1937. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. septentrionalis ‒ Vanessa urticae var. septentrionalis POULTON, 1927. ‒ Nymphalis (Aglais) urticae (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS silaceus ‒ Vanessa io ab. silaceus BANDEMANN, 1935. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. silenus – Grapta Silenus W. H. EDWARDS, 1870. ‒ Nymphalis (Polygonia) oreas silenus (W. H. EDWARDS, 1870). ‒ ssp. silvius – Grapta Silvius W. H. EDWARDS, 1874. – Nymphalis (Polygonia) rusticus (W. H. EDWARDS, 1874). ‒ JSS silvius – Polygonia faunus hylas form silvius SCOTT, 1984. ‒ A nomen nudum. An unavailable name. siphnos − Vanessa canace siphnos FRUHSTORFER, 1912. – Nymphalis (Kaniska) canace siphnos (FRUHSTORFER, 1912). ‒ ssp. smythi – Polygonia faunus smythi A. H. CLARK 1937. – Nymphalis (Polygonia) faunus smythi (A. H. CLARK 1937). ‒ ssp. sordida ‒ Vanessa urticae ab. sordida FRITSCH, 1913. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. splendens ‒ Vanessa urticae ab. splendens REUSS, 1909. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. stoetzneri ‒ Vanessa urticae stötzneri KLEINSCHMIDT, 1940. ‒ Nymphalis (Aglais) urticae (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS strandi ‒ Aglais urticae race strandi VERITY, 1936. ‒ Nymphalis (Aglais) urticae (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS strigata ‒ Aglais urticae ab. strigata RAYNOR, 1909. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. subpallida ‒ [Vanessa milberti] var. subpallida COCKERELL, 1899. ‒ Nymphalis (Aglais) milberti (GODART, 1819). ‒ JSS subtus-nigra ‒ Vanessa urticae ab. subtus-nigra REUSS, 1910. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. subtusbrunnescens ‒ Aglais urticae ab. subtusbrunnescens GROENENDIJK, 1966. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. subtuslactea ‒ Aglais urticae ab. subtuslactea RAYNOR, 1909. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. subtusnigrescens ‒ Vanessa urticae f. subtusnigrescens LEMPKE, 1956. ‒ Nymphalis (Aglais) urticae (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS subtusochreabalteata ‒ Vanessa urticae ab. subtusochreabalteata REUSS, 1910. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. subtusornata ‒ Vanessa urticae ab. subtusornata REUSS, 1910. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. subtuspuncta ‒ Vanessa urticae ab. subtuspuncta REUSS, 1909. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. subtusrufa ‒ Aglais urticae ab. subtusrufa RAYNOR, 1909. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. subtusvenata ‒ Vanessa urticae f. subtusvenata LEMPKE, 1956. ‒ Nymphalis (Aglais) urticae (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS supinskia ‒ Vanessa polychloros ab. supinskia WISE, 1936. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. ‒t‒ teloides ‒ Vanessa io ab. teloides REUSS, 1911. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. teloides-brunnea ‒Vanessa io ab. teloides-brunnea REUSS, 1911. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name.

© 2013 Joseph Belicek 22 teloides-clara ‒ Vanessa io ab. teloides-clara REUSS, 1911. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. teloides-lucidocellata ‒ Vanessa io ab. teloides-lucidocellata REUSS, 1911. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. teloides-nigrifasciata ‒ Vanessa io ab. teloides-nigrifasciata REUSS, 1911. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. teloides-splendens ‒ Vanessa io ab. teloides-splendens REUSS, 1911. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. teruelensis ‒ Vanessa urticae var. teruelensis SHELDON, 1913. ‒ Nymphalis (Aglais) urticae (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS testudinea ‒ Aglais urticae ab. testudinea RAYNOR, 1909. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. testudo ‒ Papilio Testudo ESPER, [1781]. ‒ Nymphalis (Nymphalis) polychloros (LINNAEUS, 1758). [aberration].‒ JSS testudo ‒ Vanessa xanthomelas ab. testudo DAHLSTRÖM, 1898. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. tezukae ‒ Vanessa xanthomelas japonica ab. tezukae YAGI, 1922. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. thibetana ‒ Vanessa thibetana (form] AUSTAUT, 1898. ‒ Nymphalis (Aglais) urticae (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS thiodamas – Polygonia zephyrus [thiodamas] SCUDDER, 1875. ‒ A nomen nudum. An unavailable name. thiodamus – Polygonia zephyrus [thiodamus] PELHAM, 2008. Variant spelling. ‒ ISS thomsonii ‒ Vanessa Thomsonii n. sp. BUTLER, 1887. ‒ Nymphalis (Euvanessa) antiopa thomsonii (BUTLER, 1887). ‒ ssp. thompsoni ‒ PELHAM, 2008: 347, [misspelling of thomsoni] ‒ MI threatfuli – Polygonia oreas threatfuli GUPPY & SHEPPARD, 2002. – Nymphalis (Polygonia) oreas threatfuli (GUPPY & SHEPPARD, 2002). ‒ ssp. tibetana – V. [anessa] c-album n. var. tibetana ELWES, 1888. – Nymphalis (Polygonia) interposita (STAUDINGER, 1881). ‒ SSP.. tiliae – C.[ynthi] Tiliae FABRICIUS, 1938. ‒ Nymphalis (Polygonia) interrogationis (FABRICIUS, 1798). ‒ JSS tokunagai ‒ Nymphalis io tokunagai KISHIDA & Y. NAKAMURA, 1939. ‒ Nymphalis (Inachis) io (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS transcanada 24– Polygonia satyrus transcanada SCOTT & KONDLA, 2006. ‒ Nymphalis (Polygonia) satyrus (W. H. EDWARDS, 1869). ‒ ssp. transiens ‒ Vanessa urticae ab. transiens KSIENZHOPOL'SKY, 1911. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. transparens ‒ Vanessa io f. transparens BEURET, 1926. ‒ Nymphalis (Inachis) io (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS triangulum – Papilio Triangulum FABRICIUS, 1793. – Nymphalis (Polygonia) egea (CRAMER, 1775). ‒ JSS tripuncta ‒ Aglais urticae ab. tripuncta RAYNOR, 1909. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. turcica ‒ Vanessa urticae v. (forma intermedia) turcica STAUDINGER, 1861. ‒ A nomen nudum. An unavailable name. turcica – Vanessa urticae turcica STAUDINGER, 1871. ‒ Nymphalis (Aglais) urticae (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS ‒ ssp.? turcicoides ‒ Vanessa urticae f. turcicoides STAUDINGER, 1901.‒ Nymphalis (Aglais) urticae turcica STAUDINGER, 1871. ‒ JSS ‒u‒ umbrosa – Grapta interrogationis f. umbrosa SNYDER, 1897. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. umbrosa ‒ Polygonia progne summer form umbrosa SCOTT, 1984. ‒ A nomen nudum. An unavailable name. umbrosa – Grapta umbrosa LITNER, 1896. – Nymphalis (Polygonia) interrogationis (FABRICIUS, 1798). ‒ JSS undina – Vanessa egea var. undina GRUM-GRSHIMAÏLO, 1890. – Nymphalis (Polygonia) undina (GRUM-GRSHIMAÏLO, 1890). ‒ Valid species name. unipuncta ‒ Polygonia c-album ab. uncipuncta JOSEPH, 1919. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. unipuncta – Vanessa urticae ab. unipuncta RAYNOR, 1909. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. urtica ‒ Vanessa urtica STAUDINGER, 1871. ‒ misspeling of urticae LINNAEUS, 1758. ‒ An unavailable name. urticae ‒ P.[apilio] Urticae LINNAEUS, 1758. ‒ Nymphalis (Aglais) urticae (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒Valid species name. urticaeae ‒ Eugonia urticaeae KIRBY, W. F. 1858. ‒ A nomen nudum. An unavailable name. Misspeling of urticae L. urticoides ‒ Vanessa urticae ab. urticoides FISCHER VON WALDHEIM, 1851. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. ussuriensis ‒ Vanessa urticae baicalensis ussuriensis KLEINSCHMIDT, 1929. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. = baicalensis ussuriensis – ussuriensis MOTOMO, 1936. – Zephyrus (Japan), 6: 281. utsukushiensis ‒ Nymphalis io geisha utsukushiensis SHIROKI, 1951. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name.

© 2013 Joseph Belicek 23 ‒v‒ variegata ‒ Polygonia c-album ab. variegata TUTT, 1896. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. Vau album – auctorum = Papilio vau album [SCHIFFERMÜLLER, 1775]. ‒ NN An unavailable name. Vau album – N. Phal. Vau Album ESPER, 1870. = Papilio egea (CRAMER, [1775]). ‒ JSS of l-album ESPER, 1789; = autumnalis STEFANELLI, 1873; = balucha EVANS, 1932; = pallida EVANS, 1932. vaualbum – Papilio Vau album [SCHIFFERMÜLLER, 1775]. ‒ A nomen nudum. An unavailable name. → Papilio l-album ESPER, [1781]. velata ‒ Vanessa urticae f. velata TURATI, 1921. ‒ Nymphalis (Aglais) urticae (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS veronensis ‒ Vanessa io f. veronensis GARBINI, 1881. ‒ Form. An unavailable name. victori ‒ Vanessa urticae ab. victori DERENNE, 1926. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. vigens ‒ Nymphalis polychloros f. vigens nov. LEMPKE, 1956. ‒ Nymphalis (Nymphalis) polychloros (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS vilarrubiai – Polygonia c-album f. vilarrubiai DE GREGORIE & PLANAS, 1976. – Nymphalis ( Polygonia) c-album (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS viola ‒ Aglais milberti viola DOS PASSOS, 1938. ‒ Nymphalis (Aglais) milberti viola DOS PASSOS, 1938. ‒ ssp. violascens ‒ Vanessa io ab. violascens REBEL, 1926. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. violescens ‒ Vanessa antiopa f. violescens LEMPKE, 1956. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. virescens ‒ Vanessa antiopa f. virescens LEMPKE, 1956. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. virescens – Aglais urticae virescens GROENENDIJK, 1966. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. viridi-ocellata ‒ Vanessa io ab. viridi-ocellata REUSS, 1910. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. viridis − Vanessa viridis EVANS, 1924. – Nymphalis (Kaniska] canace viridis EVANS, 1924. ‒ ssp. ‒w‒x‒y‒z‒ watsoni – Aglais j-album watsoni HALL, 1924. ‒ Nymphalis (Roddia) j-album watsoni HALL, 1924. – ssp. xanthochloros ‒ Vanessa polychloros xanthochloros DE VILLIERS & GUENÉE, 1835. ‒ Nymphalis (Nymphalis) polychloros (LINNAEUS, 1758). ‒ JSS xanthodes ‒ Vanessa urticae ab. xanthodes CABEAU, 1922. ‒ An infrasubspecific taxon. An unavailable name. xanthomelas ‒ Papilio xanthomelas SCHIFFERMÜLLER, 1775. ‒ A nomen nudum. An unavailable name. See xanthomelas ESPER, 1781. xanthomelas – Papilio Xanthomelas ESPER, [1781]. ‒ Nymphalis (Nymphalis) xanthomelas (ESPER, [1781]). ‒ Valid species name. yedanula ‒ Vanessa (Euvanessa) antiopa yedanula FRUSTORFER, 1909. ‒ Nymphalis (Euvanessa] antiopa yedanula (FRUSTORFER, 1909). ‒ ssp. zephyrus – Grapta zephyrus W. H. EDWARDS, 1870. – Nymphalis (Polygonia) gracilis zephyrus W. H. EDWARDS, 1870. – ssp. ziegleri ‒ Vanessa antiopa f. ziegleri GRAMANN, 1920. ‒ Experimentally reared specimen. An unavailable name.

Abbreviations JOS = junior objective synonym JSS = junior subjective synonym ab. = aberration MI = misidentification f. = form NN = nomen nudum IOS = incorrect original spelling NO = nomen oblitum IS = infrasubspecific and thus not available ssp. = subspecies ISS = incorrect subsequent spelling SSS = senior subjective synonym UE = unjustified emendation var. = variety JH = junior homonym Author's address: Joseph Belicek 15004-96 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T5P 4M7, CANADA

e-mail: [email protected] Any comments, corrections or additions are welcomed.