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Arthropods of Zion National Park.Pdf COMMON, CONSPICUOUS, AND CURIOUS ARTHROPODS OF ZION NATIONAL PARK by Kenneth J., Kingsley, Ph.D. with photos by the author, Ranger Amy J. Gaiennie, and others Common, Conspicuous, and Curious Arthropods of Zion National Park by Kenneth J. Kingsley, Ph.D., volunteer An electronic photographic guide Copyright 2016 by Kenneth J. Kingsley. All rights reserved. Bibliographic Data Kingsley, Kenneth J. 1943- Common, Conspicuous, and Curious Arthropods of Zion National Park Self-published as a pdf file. Includes bibliographic and internet references. 1. Zion National Park (Utah)—description and travel. 2. Zion National Park (Utah)—Natural History. 3. Zion National Park (Utah)—Spiders. 4. Zion National Park (Utah)—Insects. 5. Zion National Park (Utah)—Fauna. Kingsley, Kenneth J. 1943 Table of Contents PICTORIAL TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................... 7 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 11 PURPOSE ............................................................................................................. 11 WHAT ARE ARTHROPODS? ............................................................................... 12 NAMES OF ARTHROPODS ................................................................................. 13 HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE .................................................................................. 14 FOR FURTHER INFORMATION ........................................................................... 14 BACKGROUND ..................................................................................................... 14 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................... 15 CLASS CRUSTACEA—CRUSTACEANS, CRABS, SHRIMP, WOODLICE ............. 16 WOODLICE (CRUSTACEA: ISOPODA: ONISCIDEA) ALSO CALLED PILL BUGS OR ROLY POLIES ..................................................................................................... 16 CLASS ARACHNIDA (8 LEGS, TWO BODY SECTIONS)—SPIDERS, SCORPIONS, SOLIFUGIDS AND THEIR KIN ..................................................................................... 18 SPIDERS (ORDER ARANEAE) ............................................................................ 20 DADDY-LONGLEGS OR HARVESTMEN (ORDER OPILIONES) ........................ 29 SOLIFUGID (ORDER: SOLIFUGAE) .................................................................... 30 SCORPIONS (ORDER SCORPIONES) ................................................................ 31 ORDER COLEOPTERA: BEETLES ........................................................................ 32 GROUND BEETLES AND TIGER BEETLES (FAMILY CARABIDAE) .................. 33 STAG BEETLES (FAMILY LUCANIDAE) .............................................................. 36 SCARAB BEETLES (FAMILY SCARABIDAE) ...................................................... 37 DARKLING BEETLES (FAMILY TENEBRIONIDAE) ............................................ 40 METALLIC WOOD BORERS (FAMILY BUPRESTIDAE) ...................................... 42 SOLDIER BEETLES (FAMILY CANTHARIDAE) ................................................... 43 LONG-HORNED BEETLES (FAMILY CERAMBYCIDAE)..................................... 43 LADY BEETLES (FAMILY COCCINELLIDAE) ...................................................... 47 BLISTER BEETLES (FAMILY MELOIDAE) ........................................................... 48 ORDER DIPTERA: FLIES ......................................................................................... 49 CRANE FLIES (FAMILY TIPULIDAE) ................................................................... 50 MIDGES, BLACK FLIES, NO-SEE-UMS, AND CEDAR GNATS .......................... 51 NET –WINGED MIDGES (FAMILY BLEPHARICERIDAE) .................................... 54 HORSE FLIES AND DEER FLIES (FAMILY TABANIDAE) ................................... 55 ROBBER FLIES (FAMILY ASILIDAE) ................................................................... 56 BEE FLIES (FAMILY BOMBYLIIDAE) ................................................................... 57 FLOWER FLIES (FAMILY SYRPHIDAE) .............................................................. 58 FAMILY CALLIPHORIDAE (BLOW FLIES) .......................................................... 59 FLESH FLIES (FAMILY SARCOPHAGIDAE) ....................................................... 60 TACHINID FLIES (FAMILY TACHINIDAE) ............................................................ 61 ORDER HEMIPTERA, SUBORDER HETEROPTERA: TRUE BUGS ...................... 63 AQUATIC HEMIPTERA (AND THOSE FOUND NEAR WATER) .......................... 64 BACKSWIMMERS (FAMILY NOTONECTIDAE) ................................................... 64 SCENTLESS PLANT BUGS (FAMILY RHOPALIDAE) ......................................... 68 LEAF-F00TED BUGS (FAMILY COREIDAE) ........................................................ 69 STINK BUGS (FAMILY PENTATOMIDAE) ........................................................... 70 SUBORDER AUCHENORRHYNCHA (CICADAS, LEAFHOPPERS, SHARPSHOOTERS, TREEHOPPERS, AND SPITTLEBUGS) ................................. 71 CICADAS (FAMILY CICADIDAE) .......................................................................... 71 SUBORDER STERNORRHYNCHA: APHIDS AND SCALE INSECTS ................. 73 APHIDS (FAMILY APHIDIDAE) ............................................................................ 73 ORDER HYMENOPTERA: BEES, WASPS, ANTS, AND SAWFLIES ...................... 76 ANTS (FAMILY FORMICIDAE) ............................................................................. 78 SPIDER WASPS (FAMILY POMILIDAE) .............................................................. 86 MINING BEES (FAMILY ANDRENIDAE) .............................................................. 87 SWEAT BEES (FAMILY HALICTIDAE) ................................................................. 88 LEAFCUTTER, MASON, AND RESIN BEES (FAMILY MEGACHILIDAE)............ 89 CUCKOO, CARPENTER, DIGGER, BUMBLE, AND HONEY BEES (FAMILY APIDAE) .................................................................................................................... 91 YELLOWJACKETS, PAPER WASPS, AND HORNETS; POTTER, MASON AND POLLEN WASPS (FAMILY VESPIDAE) ................................................................... 99 SOLITARY OR THREAD-WAISTED WASPS (FAMILY SPHECIDAE). .............. 101 ORDER LEPIDOPTERA: BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS ....................................... 103 WHITES AND SULPHURS (FAMILY PIERIDAE) ............................................... 108 GOSSAMER-WINGED BUTTERFLIES (FAMILY LYCAENIDAE) ....................... 109 SPHINX MOTHS (FAMILY SPHINGIDAE) .......................................................... 119 TENT CATERPILLARS (FAMILY LASIOCAMPIDAE) ......................................... 121 OWLET MOTHS (FAMILY NOCTUIDAE) ........................................................... 123 MANTISES AND COCKROACHES (SUPER ORDER DICTYOPTERA) ................ 124 MANTISES (ORDER MANTODEA) .................................................................... 124 ROACHES (ORDER BLATTODEA) .................................................................... 127 LACEWINGS AND THEIR RELATIVES (ORDER NEUROPTERA) ....................... 128 ANTLIONS (FAMILY MYRMELEONTIDAE) ........................................................ 129 DOBSONFLIES AND FISHFLIES (FAMILY CORYDALIDAE) ............................ 130 GREEN LACEWINGS (FAMILY CHRYSOPIDAE). ............................................. 131 ORDER ODONATA : DRAGONFLIES AND DAMSELFLIES.................................. 132 DRAGONFLIES (FAMILY LIBELLULIDAE) ......................................................... 134 NARROW-WINGED DAMSELFLIES (FAMILY COENAGRIONIDAE) ................ 136 SPREADWINGED DAMSELFLIES (FAMILY LESTIDAE) ................................... 138 BROAD-WINGED DAMSELFLIES (FAMILY CALOPTERYGIDAE) .................... 138 GRASSHOPPERS, CRICKETS, AND KATYDIDS (ORDER: ORTHOPTERA) ...... 139 GROUSE LOCUSTS (FAMILY TETRIGIDAE) .................................................... 140 SHORT-HORNED GRASSHOPPERS (FAMILY ACRIDIDAE) ........................... 141 KATYDIDS (FAMILY TETTIGONIIDAE) .............................................................. 147 TRUE CRICKETS (FAMILY GRYLLIDAE) .......................................................... 148 JERUSALEM CRICKET (FAMILY STENOPELMATIDAE) .................................. 148 STICK INSECTS (ORDER PHASMATODEA) ........................................................ 150 WALKINGSTICK (FAMILY HETEROMIIDAE) ..................................................... 150 ABOUT THE AUTHOR ........................................................................................... 151 PICTORIAL TABLE OF CONTENTS Woodlice (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea) also called Pill Bugs or Roly Polies Arachnida (spiders, daddy longlegs, solifugids, and scorpions) Coleoptera: beetles Dictyoptera: mantids and cockroaches Diptera: flies, mosquitoes, gnats Hemiptera: true bugs, cicadas, hoppers, aphids and allies Hymenoptera: bees, wasps, ants, and sawflies Lepidoptera: moths, butterflies, caterpillars Neuroptera: Antlions, lacewings and their relatives Odonata: dragonflies and damselflies Orthoptera: grasshoppers, crickets, and katydids Walkingsticks (Order Phasmodea) INTRODUCTION PURPOSE This is a short guide to the kinds of arthropods that are most likely to be noticed by visitors to Zion National Park. It includes: creatures that are especially common, at least at
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